Unit 4 Period 2 Understanding ideas-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Meet the New Boss：You Up until the 1980s, people in many countries regularly followed in their parents’ footsteps1 by working in the family business or joining the same profession2 as them. You’d follow your father to sea, onto the farm or into the workshop3. You’d follow your mother into the kitchen or sewing room. In your grandparents’ time, there was the prospect4 of doing the same job from graduation until retirement5. How times have changed! Most people now have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job for very long. In fact, planning to work in the same field or industry for your entire working life just isn’t practical anymore. One reason for this is technology. The skills you have now are unlikely to remain relevant6 and be enough to help you through your entire career. In fact, they will probably be out of date very soon. And then what will you do? Work hard? Win the lottery? Hope for the best? You might be lucky. These strategies might bring you a nice, comfortable life：working at a job you like, earning a decent7 salary and retiring while you’re still young and healthy. But most of us today have to look beyond the little box called “career”． If you think you can work eight hours a day and build a career, think again. You might be able to keep your job if you finish what you are asked to do, but this is hardly a recipe for great career success. Instead, you’d better keep looking for smarter ways to do your work. You’ll need to be a risk taker, an innovator, a problem solver, and a hard worker. Keep doing this, and you can become an expert or a specialist in something one day. You have a chance to choose to build a career, rather than being told to stay or to go. (节选自北师大版新教材选择性必修第三册 Unit 7) 词汇积累 1．follow in one’s footsteps继承某人的事业，步某人的后尘 2．profession /prə'feʃən/ n．专业，行业 3．workshop /'wɜːkʃɒp/ n．车间，工厂 4．prospect /'prɒspekt/ n．可能性，希望 5．retirement /rɪ'taɪəmənt/ n．退休，退职 6．relevant /'reləvənt/ adj.有关的，切题的 7．decent /'diːsənt/ adj.相当好的，像样的，可接受的 Period 2　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．purchase　　 A．someone who advises people on a particular subject 2．potential B．the system of transporting and delivering goods 3．guidance C．showing no feeling，understanding or interest 4．consultant D．the possibility that something will develop in a particular way，or have a particular effect 5．blank E．help or advice about how to do something or about how to deal with problems 6．distribution F．a pleasant extra thing 7．bonus G．to buy something 答案　1.G　2.D　3.E　4.A　5.C　6.B　7.F Ⅱ.选词填空 1．Compared with the past，the kingdom has changed greatly with busy streets and row upon row of skyscrapers everywhere. 2．We need to start out early because the journey will take six hours. 3．It is a good idea to take a deep breath when faced with emergency. 4．Janet was quite uncertain as to whether she could get along well with her new classmates. 5．Undoubtedly，their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical engineering. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Zhang Yue’s entrepreneurial process and suggestions for young people. B．The reason why Zhang Yue chose to grow roses. C．How to start your own business. D．The introduction to Zhang Yue. 答案　A Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1 A．The reasons why Zhang Yue decided to return to her home town and grow roses. Para.2 B．Zhang Yue has mixed feelings to other entrepreneurs. Para.3 C．Zhang Yue’s suggestions to other entrepreneurs. Para.4 D．Zhang Yue’s rose company is in a valley. Para.5 E．The time when Zhang Yue made up her mind to grow roses. Para.6 F．Zhang Yue was giving a presentation to get help. Para.7 G．Many young people choose to start their own businesses. Para.8 H．Although successful，Zhang Yue still has a lot to learn. 答案　Para.1 F　Para.2 D　Para.3 E　Para.4 A　Para.5 G　Para.6 H　Para.7 B　Para.8 C Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Paras.1 and 2 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Why did Zhang Yue speak to the four people? A．To seek investment. B．To ask them for advice. C．To join their companies. D．To ask them to join her company. 答案　A 2．What does the saying “The early bird catches the worm.” imply in paragraph 2? A．To make a success of the business，you need to face many challenges. B．To pick the flower before sunrise，you need to get up early. C．To succeed，you have to seize the opportunity and act early. D．To become a successful entrepreneur，you need to learn as much as possible. 答案　C Ⅱ.Read Paras.3 and 4 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Why did Zhang Yue decide to return to her home town after graduation? A．To take care of her parents. B．To help her parents grow roses. C．To surprise local villagers. D．To start a business to benefit her home town. 答案　D 2．What did many people think of Zhang Yue’s decision? A．Admirable. B．Crazy. C．Surprising. D．Absurd. 答案　C 3．Which is TRUE about Zhang Yue according to the passage? A．She has dreamed of starting a business since she was a child. B．She never thought she would end up growing roses in her home town. C．She only used her own money to start her business. D．She had to return to her home town to start a business because of her parents. 答案　B Ⅲ.Read Paras.5 and 6 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Why do many young people choose to start their own companies? A．The growing economy provides more opportunities. B．They don’t want to work for others. C．They want to stay at home. D．It is difficult for them to find a job. 答案　A 2．What is the biggest challenge at the original stage of Zhang Yue’s business? A．How to get investment and the important input. B．How to persuade people to work for her business. C．How to get support from more experienced business people. D．How to know her own limits and those of the people she works with. 答案　B 3．What was the villagers’ attitude towards Zhang Yue at first? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Disapproving. 答案　B Ⅳ.Read Paras.7 and 8 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．How does Zhang Yue feel when seeing her peers dreaming of success and independence? 答案　Her feelings are complex/mixed. 2．What advice does Zhang Yue offer to people dreaming of success and independence? 答案　She advises people to be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. 3．According to Zhang Yue，many factors matter on one’s road to success EXCEPT . A．luck B．a sound business plan C．access to capital D．good management and negotiating skills 答案　A Ⅴ.Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises. 1．Which words can best describe Zhang Yue? A．Potential and doubtful. B．Passionate and devoted. C．Diligent and experienced. D．Realistic and pessimistic. 答案　B 2．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To help young people think more realistically before starting their own businesses. B．To encourage all young people to start their own businesses after graduation. C．To introduce the main reasons why young people choose to start their own businesses. D．To analyse the pros and cons of young people starting their own businesses. 答案　A 3．What’s the type of the passage? A．An argumentation. B．A feature story(专题故事)． C．An exposition. D．A description. 答案　B Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．What do you think has contributed to Zhang Yue’s success？(Critical thinking) 2．Have you ever thought about starting your own business？Give your reasons.(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 Zhang Yue，chairwoman of her own company，believes in the saying，“The early bird catches the worm.” After graduating from university overseas，she 1.returned(return) to her home town to grow roses,2.which surprised many people around.She said she wanted to experience the 3.freedom(free) of being her own boss and also wanted to give something back to her home town.She chose a valley，a world away from any television studio to grow roses.Zhang was lucky enough 4.to get(get) investment and the all-important input and support from more 5.experienced(experience) business people. During the process，she overcame a number of obstacles in 6.nursing(nurse) her business to the success it is today.The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for her，which was 7.totally(total) outside her experience.Seeing her peers who also dream 8.of success and independence，Zhang Yue suggests that they should not be too ambitious and know their own 9.limits(limit)，because that can be 10.a challenge for young people who have little life experience. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．She couldn’t，however，hide the line of sweat running down her forehead，which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio，but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。句中running down her forehead为现在分词短语作定语，修饰sweat；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的主句，seated in front of her为过去分词短语作定语，修饰the four people。 [自主翻译]　但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的一行汗水。这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的四个人。 2．They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. [句式分析]　 此句是复合句。句中their blank faces giving no clue为独立主格结构；what引导宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 3．Surrounded by roses as she was growing up，she paid them little attention. [句式分析]　 此句是复合句。句中Surrounded by roses为过去分词短语作状语；as引导时间状语从句。 [自主翻译]　她从小到大，到处都是玫瑰，她很少注意到它们。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The Curious Origins of the Dollar Sign The dollar sign is among the world’s most powerful symbols and represents far more than U．S.currency.Yet despite its common appearance in various languages，the origins of the dollar sign remain far from clear.And the dollar sign was in use before the United States was born. In 1520，the Kingdom of Bohemia began making coins using silver from a mine in Joachimsthal —which is roughly translated from German into English as Joachim’s valley.Logically，the coin was named the Joachimsthaler，which was then shortened to Thaler，the word that proceeded to spread around the world.It was the Dutch variation，the Daler，that made its way across the Atlantic in the pockets and on the tongues of early immigrants，and today’s American-English pronunciation of the word “dollar” still has its echoes.However，it is no straightforward answer to the question of where the dollar sign ($) sprang from. One of the origin stories links it back to the Bohemian “Thaler”，which featured a huge snake on Christian cross.It was an indirect reference to the story of Moses，who was a prophet in the Bible，winding a bronze snake around a pole in order to cure people who’d been bitten.The dollar，so it’s said，originated from that sign. Yet the most widely accepted theory in fact involves coins used in Spain，and it goes like this: In the colonies，trade between Spanish Americans and English Americans was lively，and the PESO was legal money in the U．S.until 1857.It was often shortened to the initial “P” with an “S” hovering beside and a little above it.Gradually，thanks to the careless and untidy way of writing by time-pressed merchants，that “P” combined with the “S” and lost its curve，leaving the vertical stroke like a stake down the center of the “S”． 1．What can be known about the dollar sign? A．It symbolizes wealth. B．It starts from a silver mine. C．It uses worldwide. D．It came into use as early as the U．S.was born. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The dollar sign is among the world’s most powerful symbols...its common appearance in various languages...”可知，美元符号在全世界使用。故选C。 2．Which language mostly contributes to the origin of the pronunciation of the word “dollar” ? A．Bohemian. B．Dutch. C．American English. D．German. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was the Dutch variation，the Daler，that made its way across the Atlantic in the pockets and on the tongues of early immigrants，and today’s American-English pronunciation of the word ‘dollar’ still has its echoes.”可知，荷兰语是“dollar”这个词发音的主要来源。故选B。 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．The Bohemian “Thaler” included religious elements. B．The snake was regarded to be the sign of curing power. C．The dollar sign had been in use since the story of Moses. D．The Bohemian people made their coins in honor of Moses. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“One of the origin stories links it back to the Bohemian ‘Thaler’，which featured a huge snake on Christian cross.”可推知，波西米亚风格的“塞勒”包含了宗教元素。故选A。 4．What’s the direct result of businessmen’s writing way of the word PESO? A．The word was shortened. B．The dollar sign was invented. C．The letter P and S were blending. D．The writing way was widely spread. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，商人写作PESO这个词的方式的直接结果是P和S是混合的。故选C。 B How do consumers access，buy and use their favorite products and services? The answer to the seemingly simple question is changing.Traditionally，people often see ownership as the most desirable way to have access to products.However，an increasing number of consumers are paying to temporarily access or share products and services rather than buy or own them.Customer behavior towards many goods and services changes from ownership to sharing.This transformation of people’s consumption habits has made sharing economy grow and it seems that some individuals and companies have already benefited from this trend. Growth in sharing systems has particularly been fueled by the Internet with the rise of social media systems.Anyone can be part of the sharing economy.It is reported that of the 44 percent of U．S.adults who are familiar with the sharing economy,86 percent say it makes life more affordable,83 percent say it makes life more convenient and efficient，and 78 percent say it builds a stronger community.The central idea of group consumption is simple: Obtain value which remains in goods or services that are not entirely used by their owners. A recent survey from Pricewaterhouse Coopers，the largest professional service firm in the world，shows this so-called “sharing economy” is growing faster than ever.Although we are not sure about the current size of this market，by 2025，according to Pricewaterhouse Coopers，the sharing economy could represent $335 billion in profit worldwide.Nowadays，well-known examples of successful corporations built on group consumption systems include Airbnb，a San Francisco-based online accommodations marketplace，and Zipcar，a car sharing brand that is now part of the vehicle rental service company. The speed of its growth suggests that the sharing economy might represent a serious threat to established industries，due to fewer purchases in conventional markets.For consumers，it seems to bold the advantage to unite cost reduction，benefit expansion，convenience and environmental consciousness in one type of consumption.Companies therefore should understand the new situation and manage their operating system in order to adapt to current and future business models to provide new sources of profits within this growing area of the sharing economy. 5．How does the sharing economy work? A．Exchanging possessions of products online. B．Sharing something with the owners. C．Selling underused items to make money. D．Paying for sharing products or services owned by others. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，an increasing number of consumers are paying to temporarily access or share products and services rather than buy or own them.Customer behavior towards many goods and services changes from ownership to sharing.”可知，共享经济是指付费分享他人拥有的产品或服务，故选D。 6．Which of the following is NOT a reason for the growth of sharing economy? A．The change of people’s consumption habits. B．People’s need to reduce life expenses. C．The decline of traditional business. D．The easier access to the Internet. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“This transformation of people’s consumption habits has made sharing economy grow”，第二段中“Growth in sharing systems has particularly been fueled by the Internet with the rise of social media systems.”和“It is reported that of the 44 percent of U．S.adults who are familiar with the sharing economy,86 percent say it makes life more affordable”可知，人们消费习惯的改变、互联网的便利和人们需要减少生活开支都促成了共享经济的增长。故选C。 7．In the last paragraph，what does the writer mainly want to say? A．Traditional business should find different sources of profits. B．Sharing economy has many advantages over conventional industry. C．The growth of sharing economy has led to the decrease of purchases. D．Traditional business should try to adapt to sharing economy. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Companies therefore should understand the new situation and manage their operating system in order to adapt to current and future business models to provide new sources of profits within this growing area of the sharing economy.”可知，作者想表达的是传统商业应该努力适应共享经济。故选D。 8．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．The Rise of Sharing Economy B．Sharing Makes Life Better C．Advantages of Sharing Economy D．Sharing Economy or Conventional Business 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文内容，尤其根据第一段中“However，an increasing number of consumers are paying to temporarily access or share products and services rather than buy or own them.Customer behavior towards many goods and services changes from ownership to sharing.”可知，本文主要讲的是共享经济的兴起，故选A。 C Generation Z is different.As a whole，Americans born between the late 1990s and early 2000s are less likely to have work or look for it: their labour-force-participation rate is 71%，compared with 75% for millennials (born between 1980 and the late 1990s) and 78% for Generation X (born in the decade or so to 1980) when each came of age.As a result，they make up a smaller share of the workforce.With graduation ceremonies behind them，the latest group of diploma-holders are entering the job market.What they want from employers is also not quite the same as in generations past. Although Gen-Z employees felt more lonely and isolated than their older colleagues at the start of the pandemic，the ability to work remotely has brought new possibilities.The benefits go beyond working in your pyjamas.Many are taking calls from beach chairs and hammocks(吊床) in more comfortable places or fleeing big cities in search for cheaper or larger homes. This has big implications.Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are falling out of favour with recent graduates.A study by ManpowerGroup，an employment company，suggests an inverse relationship(反比关系) between talent shortages and flexible working policies.The sectors which are either less able to offer remote work or have been slower to embrace it—including construction，finance and manufacturing—have faced some of the biggest skills gaps for all types of job. That in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young employees trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley.Now technology bosses are more willing than their opposite numbers in finance to let employees work from home (or anywhere else)．Annual rankings of employer desirability by Universum，a graduate-staffing consultancy，bear this out.In 2008 the list of best employers graded by American graduates was dominated by big banks and the Big Four consulting firms.By 2021 seven of the ten highest spots were occupied by tech and media giants. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Z世代也称为“互联网世代”，通常是指1995年至2009年出生的一代人毕业生对就业需求的变化，他们更青睐能够让他们以更灵活的方式办公的科技公司。 9．What does the underlined word “diploma-holders” in the first paragraph refer to? A．Employees. B．Students. C．Graduates. D．Shareholders. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词前半句“With graduation ceremonies behind them”可知，随着毕业典礼的结束，最新一批文凭持有者正在进入就业市场。由此可知，diploma-holders指的是那些参加完毕业典礼，准备进入就业市场的毕业生。故选C。 10．Why do Gen-Z employees prefer work remotely? A．They want more holidays on the beach. B．They love wearing pyjamas while working. C．They want to work in a more flexible way. D．They can’t afford the residences in big cities. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，远程办公带来了很多新的可能性。其中的好处不仅仅是可以居家工作，许多人还可以在更闲适的地方处理工作电话，或者在大城市以外的地方找到更便宜或更宽敞的房子。这些都是一种更为灵活的工作方式。故选C。 11．What does the study by ManpowerGroup suggest? A．All walks of life are facing some of the biggest skills gaps. B．Construction，finance and manufacturing can’t offer remote work. C．Industries with flexible working policies may suffer talent shortages. D．Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are less popular. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“A study by ManpowerGroup，an employment company，suggests an inverse relationship (反比关系) between talent shortages and flexible working policies.”可推断，很难实现远程办公或者对远程办公接受较慢的行业，其各种岗位都或多或少存在着重大技能人才短缺的问题。故选D。 12．Why does the author mention Wall Street and Silicon Valley? A．To weigh up the pros and cons of the two industries. B．To prove industries in technology are more appealing. C．To predict the change of preference among employees. D．To show Silicon Valley is a better place to settle down. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young employees trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley.”可知，上一段提到的人才短缺问题，反过来又加速了年轻求职者从美国金融中心华尔街转投高科技产业云集的硅谷的倾向。由此可见，科技产业更加受欢迎。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 If you’re currently studying in senior high school，chances are that you’ve started thinking about what your career options might be for the future. 1 If you use a step-by-step plan，you can avoid choosing a college major that turns out to be nothing like you expected and head on a career path with more confidence and eventual success. Start with an Aptitude(能力) Test 2 Other people find reading，writing and learning languages easy.Taking an aptitude test，also known as a career test or career quiz，will help you determine where your study skills will help you best. You shouldn’t pigeonhole yourself into a profession just because a career test says it’s right for you. 3 However，aptitude tests often help you identify professions you might not have considered. Take a Personality Test Personality tests can help you figure out if you’re a natural leader or more of a follower. 4 How do you handle conflict? What about dealing with bullies or gossips? A personality test will help you decide if you might be comfortable working for a large corporation in a team environment，or as an entrepreneur(创业者) launching your own business. List Jobs That Interest You Write a list of jobs that interest you. 5 Be realistic，based on where you live and what your finances are.For example，if you want to start a restaurant，you’ll need hundreds of thousands of dollars.Working in a restaurant as a prep cook or taking cooking classes will help you see what the restaurant business is like and whether or not it might be right for you. A．It’s never too early for you to do so. B．Are you good at singing or drawing? C．Many people end up doing what they don’t like. D．For some people，subjects like math and science come easily. E．Do you like to work in groups，or are you better on your own? F．You shouldn’t avoid a career because a test says it’s not a good fit. G．They can be jobs you know nothing about but are fun or challenging. 1．答案　A 解析　上文说明你可能在高中就已经考虑职业选择了，选项A“对你来说，这样做永远不会嫌早”承接上文，强调做好职业规划的重要性，符合语境。故选A。 2．答案　D 解析　空后一句提到了其他人的能力情况，选项D“对一些人来说，像数学和科学这样的科目很容易掌握”符合语境，选项中some people和下文中Other people相呼应，easily呼应后文的easy。故选D。 3．答案　F 解析　上文提到不应该轻率地根据职业测试的结果选定职业，选项F“你不应该因为一项测试说某职业不适合你而避开它”和上文话题一致，且都是以You shouldn’t开头，它们是并列关系。故选F。 4．答案　E 解析　上文说明性格测试能帮助你弄清楚你适合干什么，选项E“你喜欢团队合作，还是更喜欢独立工作？”承接上文，继续探讨你适合什么样的工作，且与空后的两个问句呼应。故选E。 5．答案　G 解析　上文建议列出感兴趣的工作，选项G“它们可能是你一无所知的工作，但很有趣或具有挑战性”承接上文，介绍这些列出的工作的特点。选项中They指代上文中的jobs。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$