Unit 12 Period 3 Topic Talk & Lesson 1—Language Points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Period 3　Topic Talk & Lesson 1—Language Points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Perceiving(察觉) that he wasn’t happy with the arrangements，I tried to book a different hotel. 2．The two countries signed an agreement to jointly launch satellites(卫星)． 3．What annoyed me was that I could not find one garbage can to throw trash in. 4．China’s first cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-1 was launched(发射) into space on April 20,2017. 5．Unfortunately，the findings(发现) in the study do not correspond with the previous ones. 6．Being too straight-forward and outspoken could become one’s Achilles’ heel. 7．His academic performance is well above average，but he is still humble(谦逊的) and helpful. 8．When we turn off a device(设备)，such as televisions，it goes into stand-by mode(待机状态)． 9．Millions of people volunteer to make large donations to the victims of the earthquake. 10．He is so gifted that he has acquired a reputation as this country’s premier(最好的) solo violinist. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．The activity，which was organized jointly by both teachers and students，turned out to be a great success with their joint efforts.(join) 2．He proposed that a new stadium should be built in the city and they would vote on his proposal in the following week.(propose) 3．The plan is designed to motivate employees to work more efficiently and promote their working efficiency.(efficient) 4．To keep the historical accuracy，you must provide as accurate information as you can and do be careful to set it down accurately.(accurate) 5．Scientists have made numerous amazing scientific discoveries and help people solve many problems scientifically.(science) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．这家由5家小工厂组成的公司正面临着严重的财政危机。(过去分词短语作后置定语) The company made up of/composed of five small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. 2．锻炼使你充满活力，所以当你非常兴奋的时候更难放松和睡一个安稳觉。(It is＋adj.＋to do sth) Exercise energizes you，so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 3．重写了那篇文章之后，她坐进了椅子里，宽慰地笑了。(with复合结构) With the essay rewritten，she sank into the chair，smiling with relief. 4．若没有她的帮助和专业的指导，我不可能在英语学习方面取得如此大的进步。(without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句) Without her help and professional instruction，I couldn’t have made such great progress in English study. entertainment n．娱乐节目(entertain v．招待；使快乐；娱乐entertaining adj.有趣的) ·to one’s entertainment使某人高兴的是 ·entertain sb with sth用某物使某人快乐 entertain sb to sth用某物招待某人 (1)To show his great appreciation，the old tailor entertained the young man with a well-tailored suit. (2)Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night.Meanwhile，Bob told us many jokes for entertainment(entertain)，making it an entertaining(entertain) night. (3)令我们非常高兴的是，他答应完成任务后请我们吃雪糕。 Much to our entertainment，he promised to entertain us to ice cream after finishing the assignment. gifted adj.有天赋的，有才华的(gift n．天赋，天才，才能；礼物) ·be gifted in/at在……方面有天赋 ·have a gift for有……天赋 (1)The gifted musician is a man of many gifts，who had a gift for music when he was a child，and now he is gifted in/at playing many musical instruments. 这位有才华的音乐家是一个多才多艺的人。当他还是个孩子时就有音乐天赋。现在他擅长弹奏很多种乐器。 (2)Brian is gifted in writing music; Brian is very likely to be a Beethoven. →Gifted in writing music，Brian is very likely to be a Beethoven.(升级为形容词作状语) donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献[donation n．捐款；赠送，捐赠(物) donor n．捐赠者] ·donate sth to sb/sth向……捐赠某物 ·make a donation to...向……捐赠 (1)The retired man withdrew all his savings and donated them to the people suffering from the earthquake. (2)Medical science has proved that donating blood is good for the donor(s) both physically and spiritually.(donate) (3)If you have more money，it makes sense to make a donation(donate) to non-profit organizations that help poor people. (4)她给这家儿童医院捐了5 000美元。 ①She donated $5,000 to the Children’s Hospital.(donate) ②She made a donation of $5,000 to the Children’s Hospital.(donation) correspond vi.通信；符合，相一致；相当于(correspondence n．一致，相似；通信，信件) ·correspond with...与……通信 correspond to...相当于……，相似于…… correspond to/with...与……相一致，符合 ·in correspondence with与……相一致，与……通信 (1)I used to correspond with my friends，while now the Internet is more convenient. 过去我常和我的朋友们通信，而现在有了互联网就更方便了。 (2)As a matter of fact，the American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 实际上，美国国会相当于英国的议会。 (3)Your account of the incident did not correspond with/to what she had told me. 你对这件事的描述与她告诉我的不一致。 (4)They haven’t been in correspondence with each other since the departure. 自从离开后，他们就一直没有联络。 instant adj.立刻的，马上的n.瞬间；立刻，片刻(instantly adv.立即，即刻 conj.一……就……) ·in an instant 立刻 for an instant片刻，一瞬间 the instant一……就…… ·instantly＝the instant用作连词相当于immediately，directly，the minute，the moment，as soon as (1)I couldn’t answer your question for an instant；please leave me some time. (2)In an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the freezing water to save the drowning child. (3)It was so strange that the pain disappeared instantly(instant) I saw the doctor. (4)As soon as she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room. →Instantly/Immediately/Directly she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.(副词用作连词) →The moment/instant/minute she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.(the＋瞬间名词) propose v．提出(某观点、方法等)；提议；打算；计划；求婚(proposal n．建议；提议) ·propose doing...提议做……；建议做…… propose to do...计划做……；打算做…… propose that sb (should) do sth建议某人做某事 It is proposed that...有人建议…… propose to sb向……求婚 ·put forward/make a proposal that...(should) do...提出建议…… (1)The representatives proposed extending(extend) the motorways but their proposal was turned down. (2)Having earned a lot of money，he proposed to buy(buy) a more desirable property. (3)We were excited to witness that he finally proposed to his girlfriend(向他女朋友求婚)． (4)She proposed a possible solution(提出了可能的解决方法) to the conflict between reducing work pressure and improving work efficiency. (5)他们建议成立一个委员会来调查这次暴力事件。 ①They proposed setting up a committee to investigate the violence.(propose) ②They made a proposal that a committee (should) be set up to investigate the violence.(proposal) without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句 教材原句　Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.如果没有这些科技先驱取得的突破，不管这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。(P53) ·本句为without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句。 ·有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中没有条件句，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫作含蓄条件句。常见的介词短语有without...“没有……”；but for...“要不是……”；常用连词有or/otherwise“否则(要不然)”等。 (1)She told me without my help，she would have failed in the examination. 她告诉我如果没有我的帮助，她就会考不及格。 (2)But for these amazing scientific innovations，we couldn’t live such a convenient life now. 要不是这些伟大的科学创新，我们现在的生活就不会这么便利。 (3)We didn ’t know his telephone number，or/otherwise we would have called him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，要不然我们就给他打电话了。 (4)If it hadn’t been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the program as scheduled. →But for their help，we couldn’t have finished the program as scheduled. (5)If you don’t spend time with happy people，your health could suffer. →Spend time with happy people，otherwise/or your health could suffer. Ⅰ.一词多义 launch A.发起，发动　B.发射　C.上市，推出　D.创办　E.使船下水 1．It is reported that the latest model will be launched next Friday. C 2．NASA plans to launch a satellite to study cosmic rays. B 3．The police has launched an investigation into the violence incident. A 4．The tourists immediately launched a small lifeboat to save the drowning kid. E 5．They decided to launch a new brand of sportswear，competing with other big companies. D Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．It is customary for the man to propose to the woman.求婚 2．He was hopeful that the next round of talk would also be productive.富有成效的 3．Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and even became one of life’s necessities for some people.速溶的，速食的 4．The old lady invited me into her humble but tidy apartment，treating me with some tasty fruit. 简陋的 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I would humbly(humble) suggest that there is something wrong here. 2．Some issues in international affairs are sometimes difficult to deal(deal) with. 3．She still corresponds with American friends she met in China nine years ago. 4．Please remain seated(seat) before the results of competition was announced. 5．China is thought to be(be) a country with the greatest potential for development. 6．We must promote originality，inspire creativity and encourage innovation(innovate)． 7．They couldn’t help jumping(jump) with joy instantly they heard the exciting news. 8．The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging from butterflies to elephants. 9．Pessimists，on the contrary，tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 10．Scientists have recently provided us with some worrying findings(find) about environmental problems. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．The two young princes were not singled out for special treatment at school. 2．This means that it should clean the house，mop the floors，cook dinner and deal with telephone calls. 3．I am not gifted in language.Could you give me some advice? 4．He always turns to his teacher for help when he meets some difficulties in English. 5．In only 10 years，our province has been transformed into an advanced industrial province. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——劳动实践活动) 1．上周末我们学校在我校蔬菜基地发起了一次劳动实践活动。(launch) Last weekend our school launched an activity of labor practice in our school vegetable base. 2．我们到了之后，老师就带我们进行了参观并分配了不同的任务。(the instant/instantly) The instant we arrived，our teacher showed us around and assigned us different tasks. 3．老师建议我们尝试不同的任务来真正体验劳动者的艰辛。(propose) The teacher proposed us to try different tasks and authentically experience the hardship of laboring people. 4．通过这次活动，我们都意识到没有劳动人民的辛勤劳动，我们就吃不到那么多美味的食物。(without引导虚拟从句) Through the activity we realized that without the farmers’ hard work，we couldn’t have enjoyed so much delicious food. 5．毫无疑问，我们都从这次有意义的活动中受益很大。(benefit) There is no doubt that we benefited a lot from the meaningful activity. Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2023·浙江台州高二校联考期中) There’s a new AI bot：ChatGPT，and you’d better pay attention，even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence.The tool is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large，powerful AI system can achieve. ChatGPT remembers the thread(链式消息) of your dialogue，using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses.It gets its answers from large amounts of information on the Internet.ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习)． You can ask ChatGPT anything，like explaining physics，asking for birthday party ideas and getting programming help.Perhaps it’s not smart enough to replace all humans yet，but it can be creative，and its answers can sound downright authoritative(权威性的)．A few days after its launch，more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT.UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January，accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years. ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research phase.But when too many people hop onto the server，it overloads and can’t process your request.It just means you should try visiting the site at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it.If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access，there is an option for you.As of Feb.1,2023，OpenAI has a ChatGPT pro plan，ChatGPT Plus，which allows users to have general access even during peak times.This service does come at a cost of $20/month. However，ChatGPT can not replace Google.ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence robot that provides solutions to your questions，but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible.ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT? A．Its working theory. B．Its language model. C．Its design inspiration. D．Its development process. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段“ChatGPT remembers the thread(链式消息) of your dialogue...It gets its answers from...ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family...”可知，本段主要描述了ChatGPT的工作原理。故选A。 2．Why does the author list figures in paragraph 3? A．To show the popularity of ChatGPT. B．To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT. C．To present the creativity of artificial intelligence. D．To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，ChatGPT问世后迅速吸引了大量用户，其扩展速度远超其他社交工具，由此可推知，列数字是为了显示ChatGPT非常受欢迎。故选A。 3．What is ChatGPT Plus intended for? A．Guiding users to experience free services. B．Giving users priority access during peak hours. C．Allowing net surfers to skip advertisements. D．Helping researchers detect the failure of the system. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“ChatGPT Plus，which allows users to have general access...a cost of $20/month”可知，ChatGPT Plus的设计目的是在高峰时段给予付费用户优先访问权。故选B。 4．What is a limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google? A．It may provide replies unrelated to the questions. B．It can only update information at a fixed time. C．It needs longer to provide solutions. D．It operates based on limited data. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段末句可知，与谷歌相比，ChatGPT的局限性是它基于有限的数据来运作。故选D。 Ⅴ.完形填空 At 98，midwife Priscilla Sitienei，sitting in class alongside some of the pupils she helped bring into the world，has become a celebrity in Kenya. Sitienei，who comes from a remote village of Ndalat，had always 1 becoming a doctor. 2 that opportunity never came her way，she，instead，used her traditionally learned skills to help mothers 3 their babies safely at home. Still，she never 4 her dream of getting an education.In 2003，the Kenyan government made primary education free. 5 ，it wasn’t until almost a decade later that she could finally enter a classroom. Her journey to self-improvement has served as a(n) 6 for many in Kenya，where it was 7 among the older generations to miss out on schooling to make ends meet. David Kinyanjui，head teacher at Leaders Vision Preparatory School，said that while it was challenging to 8 Sitienei into the class in 2011，her 9 to get an education convinced the school authorities. “Sitienei could only communicate in her mother tongue，but she was 10 to start learning English at the lowest level.Currently，even though she is not 11 in it，she can understand what the teachers are saying in class，” Kinyanjui said. Sitienei said，“I wanted to inspire children that education is important in 12 their future and getting out of poverty.” She also said that 13 poor eyesight，which has 14 her studies，she plans to continue with her books until one day she becomes too 15 to walk. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因为渴望知识，98岁高龄的老人Priscilla Sitienei决心进入小学课堂的故事，表现出她积极上进的精神。 1．A.accelerated B．anticipated C．facilitated D．advocated 答案　B 解析　accelerate加速；anticipate期盼；facilitate促进；advocate提倡。根据下文“used her traditionally learned skills to help mothers their babies safely at home”可推知，她一直期盼成为一名医生。故选B。 2．A.As B．When C．While D．Unless 答案　C 解析　根据后文“instead”可知，此处为虽然这个机会从未出现在她面前。as也可引导让步状语从句，但是需要倒装。故选C。 3．A.send B．attend C．labour D．deliver 答案　D 解析　根据后文“their babies safely at home”可知，此处表达帮助产妇在家安全分娩。故选D。 4．A.let go of B．hold on to C．drop out of D．give rise to 答案　A 解析　let go of放弃；hold on to坚持；drop out of退出；give rise to引起。根据后文“she could finally enter a classroom”可知，她从未放弃接受教育的梦想。故选A。 5．A.Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Otherwise 答案　C 解析　根据上下文可知，此处表达转折意义，虽然肯尼亚政府在2003年实施小学教育免费，但她却是在将近十年之后才走进了课堂。故选C。 6．A.affection B．recreation C．passion D．inspiration 答案　D 解析　根据前文“Her journey to self-improvement”可推知，她的追求自我提升的历程对很多人来说是一种鼓舞。故选D。 7．A.commercial B．concrete C．common D．competent 答案　C 解析　根据常识并结合后文“among the older generations to miss out on schooling to make ends meet”可知，肯尼亚是一个很贫穷的国家，没能接受教育在老一辈人中是很常见的。故选C。 8．A.inquire B．integrate C．investigate D．intervene 答案　B 解析　inquire询问；integrate使融入群体；investigate调查；intervene干预。根据后文“Sitienei into the class”可知，此处表达让她融入班级是有挑战性的。故选B。 9．A.duration B．determination C．clarification D．comprehension 答案　B 解析　duration持续时间；determination决心；clarification澄清；comprehension理解。根据后文“convinced the school authorities”可知，此处指她想要接受教育的决心说服了学校领导。故选B。 10．A.keen B．reluctant C．superior D．pessimistic 答案　A 解析　keen渴望的；reluctant不情愿的；superior优越的；pessimistic悲观的。根据前文“but”可知，虽然缺乏语言基础，但她渴望从最低级别开始学习英语。故选A。 11．A.firm B．fond C．focused D．fluent 答案　D 解析　firm坚定的；fond喜欢；focused专注的；fluent流利的。根据“even though”和后文“she can understand what the teachers are saying in class”可知，尽管说得并不流利，但她已经听得懂了。故选D。 12．A.shaping B．sharpening C．shaving D．sharing 答案　A 解析　根据后文“their future and getting out of poverty”可知，教育能影响他们的未来。故选A。 13．A.with B．without C．despite D．beyond 答案　C 解析　根据后文“poor eyesight”及“she plans to continue with her books”可知，此处表达尽管视力很差。故选C。 14．A.broken down B．slowed down C．torn down D．cut down 答案　B 解析　break down出故障；slow down减慢；tear down拆掉；cut down削减。根据前文“poor eyesight”并结合常识可知，视力差会减慢她的学习速度。故选B。 15．A.superb B．refreshed C．privileged D．weak 答案　D 解析　superb卓越的；refreshed精力充沛的；privileged有特权的；weak虚弱的。根据第一段的“At 98”可知，她年纪已经很大了，推知此处表达直到有一天她变得太虚弱而不能走路。故选D。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Traveling gets a person out of their comfort zone and it forces them to be more 1.___________(adventure)，to live life to the fullest，to make the most of this precious gift and use the time they have 2. (discover) new things，and meet new people.This is similar to 3._____________people experience when reading a fictional story.They get to become whoever they are reading about，just like when traveling，they get to become the citizens of the country they 4. (visit)，even if it is only for a short time. To conclude，traveling is the perfect 5. (entertain) for a person of any age.On the one hand，it helps people to form a better understanding of 6. (they)，their beliefs，and their lives.On the other hand，it also provides people with a better understanding of the world in 7. they live.Moreover，it may even help a person to feel 8. (connect) to many people living in the world. There 9. (be) no hesitations.Go and explore the world.In the meantime，just place an order and get ready for the trip without 10. second thought. 1．答案　adventurous 解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，系动词be后面要用形容词形式作表语。故填adventurous。 2．答案　to discover 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处结构是use the time to do sth，they have是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰time，意为“利用他们拥有的时间去发现新的东西”。故填to discover。 3．答案　what 解析　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，且设空处在从句中作宾语，意为“什么”。故填what。 4．答案　are visiting 解析　考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处动词的时态与上文的时态are reading对应，用现在进行时，主语是they，所以be动词用are。故填are visiting。 5．答案　entertainment 解析　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，形容词perfect后面接名词，作表语。故填entertainment。 6．答案　themselves 解析　考查代词。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处表示“理解他们自己”，所以用反身代词，作宾语。故填themselves。 7．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，in they live是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词the world在从句中作介词in的宾语，介词in提前了，只能使用关系代词which。故填which。 8．答案　connected 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，跟在动词feel的后面，用过去分词作表语，和被修饰词person是逻辑上的被动关系，表示联系的状态。故填connected。 9．答案　are 解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据上文语境可知，此处用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知，There be句型中，be动词与其后的名词保持数的一致，后面是hesitations。故填are。 10．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，不定冠词置于序数词前面，表示“又一次，再一次”的意思。second的首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$