专题02 阅读理解说明文（期中真题好题速递）（山东专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025年高一英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解之说明文15篇（山东专用） （23-24高一下•山东•期中）Ford, the motor company, has announced it has rented a pair of Boston Dynamics’ robotic dogs. Ford is using the robotic dogs to help it 3D-map its Van Dyke Plant. “By having the robots in our factory, we can see what it actually looks like now and build a new engineering model. That digital model is then used when we need to change the equipment in the factory for new products,” said Mark Goderis, Ford’s digital engineering manager. The robotic dogs are used to record 360-degree images of areas in the factory that are difficult to get to by using a traditional 3D camera. They’re equipped with five cameras and can climb steps and kneel (跪) down to get into hard-to-reach places. Their four legs allow the robots to walk like a dog, around the factory at speeds of up to 3 miles per hour — so they’re not very quick. Besides, the battery lasts for only two hours. Mark said that the old way of scanning (扫描) with a camera could take two weeks, yet using the robotic dogs cuts that time in half. It also used to cost $300,000 to do it the old way. The robotic dogs are cheaper, but Ford didn’t say by how much. At present, the robotic dogs are followed by their handler, Paula Wiebelhaus, who manages the robotic dogs through a controller with a screen that sees what the dogs see. But in the near future, Ford wants to program the robotic dogs to go to different parts of the factory and report back what they see without being followed by a human. They can also ask for a ride on the back of a mobile robot that Ford has named Scouter. Like the robotic dogs, it’s also taking 3D scans of its environment. 1．What can we learn about Ford? A．It needs help in building an engineering model. B．It aims to design more animal related products. C．It is the main producer of robotic dogs. D．It will use robots instead of engineers. 2．What are the robotic dogs expected to do in the factory? A．Serve as a short-term battery charger. B．Explore and record inaccessible areas. C．Carry heavy objects around the factory. D．Improve the quality of digital images. 3．What is stressed in Paragraph 3? A．The advantages of robotic dogs. B．Ford’s new way of saving money. C．Mark’s interest in high technology. D．The cost of traditional scanning. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Robotic dogs are sometimes out of control. B．Scouter will take the place of robotic dogs. C．Ford will build more robotic dogs later. D．The robotic dogs will be improved soon. （23-24高一下•山东名校•期中）When we think about what makes humans different from other animals, the word “conscience” often appears. Conscience is the feeling you get when you assess (评估) if you’ve done something “correct” or “wrong”. It is with the help of our conscience that we understand the moral principles we hold. This motivates us to act on them and therefore helps us assess our character and behavior. Eventually, it helps us judge ourselves against those principles, in terms of how well we follow them. Accordingly, you avoid certain desires (i. e., eating in class) and follow the behavior that is considered correct or “right” (paying attention to what the teacher is teaching) . Consciousness, on the other hand, reflects how aware you are of your surroundings. A good way to understand this is to think of the human mind as an iceberg, as proposed by Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The part of the iceberg on the surface represents your conscious awareness. It refers to all the things you are aware of and can easily describe. For instance, right now, while reading this article, your conscious mind is helping you make connections. The deeper level of the iceberg is your unconscious mind. It refers to aspects that you are unaware of, including your fears, violent motives, and strong desires that are hard to describe. Many researchers, like Freud, propose that morality or conscience develops when a child internalizes (内在化) the rules that their, parents set when the child was growing up. However, some psychologists, like Paul Bloom, argue that morality is something we are all born with. Bloom argues that all babies are born with a sense of fairness. The claim came from studies of adopted children with genes, who were twins and separated at birth. If they possessed the “gene” to be kind, they would continue to be kind, despite being brought up in different family environments. So, which opinion is true? We truly don’t know. While there is more evidence in the studies claiming that conscience is developed through learning and socialization, the newer ideas of it being genetically acquired from birth look promising as well! 1. What is a function of conscience? A．It motivates us to act quickly. B．It keeps record of our behavior. C．It assesses our moral principles. D．It helps us tell right from wrong. 2．In which situation does your unconscious mind work? A．You apply what you learn to practice. B．You appreciate the beauty of poetry. C．You have a fear of public speaking. D．You describe violent scenes in a book. 3．What may Freud agree with? A．Genes affect kids’ consciousness. B．Kids acquire conscience with age. C．Genetic studies promote his theory. D．Parents should set strict rules for kids. 4．What may be a suitable title for the text? A．New theory uncovers the secret of our mind B．What helps tell human being from animals? C．Is conscience gained at birth or with age? D．Consciousness improves our moral level （23-24高一下•山东青岛•期中）Often, research surrounding non-native — also referred to as invasive (入侵的) — species focuses on the negative impact on the environments they invade. Non-native species represent threats or even disasters; some are even famous for it. But according to a new study from Brown University, while the negative aspects of non-native life, including the increased risk of causing extinction to other species, are mainly talked about, the positives are not always addressed. Researchers say that non-native species also have the ability to increase biodiversity (生物多样性) within habitats. As far as famously feared non-native species go, zebra mussels are high on the unwanted list. They originated in the waters of Eurasia and have grown to become a major issue in lakes and waterways across the Great Lakes, as well as in states such as Texas and California. In unnatural habitats, they reproduce rapidly, outcompeting native species for resources. Additionally, they attach themselves to hard surfaces, such as pipes and boats, costing millions to remove. But for its research, the team decided to focus not only on non-native species’ negative impacts but also on what they can contribute to habitats. In forests, the earthworms have the ability to change the ecosystem negatively. However, when earthworms are present in agricultural land, there is a possibility for a 25-percent increase in the productivity of agricultural crops. As far as brown trout — a non-native species in New Zealand — are concerned, locals have embraced the fish, enjoying the economic and recreational benefits of fishing for the species and adding it to their local food. Biologist Dov Sax, along with co-authors of the Brown University study, says that these benefits are not as uncommon as past research on invasive species may suggest. “Our new paper argues that the positive impacts of non-native species are neither unexpected nor rare but instead common and important,” says Sax. 1．What does the new study focus on? A．Bad influence of invasive species. B．Uncertain future some species face. C．Possible benefits non-native species bring. D．The importance of biodiversity protection. 2．What can we learn about zebra mussels from paragraph 2? A．They are listed as endangered species. B．They disturb the local natural balance. C．They receive a warm welcome in Texas. D．They bring huge business opportunities. 3．What is locals’ attitude to the brown trout？ A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Discontent. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Say No to the Non-Native Species B．What do Unnatural Habitats Mean? C．A Close Link Between Researches D．Are Invasive Species Always Bad? （23-24高一下•山东青岛•期中）If you connected your grandparents with flowers or blooms, what types would they be? A theory called “orchids (兰花) and dandelions (蒲公英)” was introduced to describe how people adapt to their environment. Just like orchids that need specific conditions to grow, some people show a similar nature. On the other hand, dandelions, like weeds, can grow almost anywhere and stay strong even in difficult environments. The theory, which first came out in 2005, was created to understand how kids grow up. But in 2022, Canadian scientists discovered it also applies to older people. They investigated the lifestyle activities of more than 3,530 older adults, and then studied the influence of these activities on their cognitive (认知的) health, including whether their cognitive patterns changed. The cognitive patterns of “dandelion” elders appear steady, which means that they tend to have better cognitive health, showing great adaptation and an ability to handle tough conditions. Dandelion-type seniors usually have strong social networks, engage positively with family members and the community, and always seek out the silver linings in life experiences. Having various hobbies or careers, they actively communicate with the world and realize their values, which allows them to find satisfaction in life. Orchid-type seniors, who tend to have changes in cognitive patterns, maintain limited communication with the outside world. While deeply crazy about one or two hobbies or careers, they tend to focus on these interests. Although they may do well in familiar environments, unfavorable conditions lead them to overreact and struggle. Knowing what flower type your grandparents are enables you to love and care for them better and helps them enjoy delightful and fulfilling golden years. Dandelions sometimes might struggle with loneliness, so family members’ company is helpful in such cases. For orchids, families should encourage them to express how they feel and what they need. 1．What is the “orchids and dandelions” theory mainly about? A．The change of lifestyle. B．Personal response to conditions. C．Growth habit of two plants. D．Differences between generations. 2．What do the underlined words “silver linings” mean in paragraph 3? A．Surprising truths. B．Unexpected turns. C．Hopeful aspects. D．Lasting memories. 3．What can we learn about orchid-type seniors? A．They are willing to make changes. B．They have good social connections. C．They have a wide variety of hobbies. D．They manage new conditions poorly. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Flowers and their influence. B．Family members’ care and love. C．An insight into seniors’ personalities. D．Tips on how to improve seniors’ health. （23-24高一下•山东烟台•期中）Many of us have memories of spending weeks at camps learning new things, making new friends and exploring new possibilities. Camp No Limits (CNL), a non-profit (非营利的) organization in America, provides the camp experience for the kids whose differences can feel like a barrier in average camp settings. CNL proves that there is no reason that limb (肢) differences should take away the fun! Built in 2004, CNL provides sleep-away camps for children with limb differences at 11 locations in America. “When I was in school, we really had very limited time that was spent discussing individuals with limb differences,” said the founder Mary. CNL has now reached over 1,400 children in 1,200 families. The families are an important part of the camp. Kids are often accompanied (陪伴) by family members who stay at the camp. These members of support systems are able to form relationships with other families. One of the greatest impacts of the camp is that the families are closely connected and can depend on one another. “There are other kids out there, you just can’t see them that often,” says Rosanne, who accompanied her 12-year-old daughter to camp. “It’s a wonderful opportunity for her to meet some kids, and talk about what they’re going through. It’s good for her mental health.” With the assistance of passionate instructors, campers often leave CNL, with new skills. 8-year-old Anya, for example, left the camp being able to ride a bike again, which she hadn’t done since losing her left leg because of cancer. CNL is making a great impact on every individual that it hosts. From the instructors who are developing skills to the campers who are feeling inspiration, the camp achieves its mission to connect individuals affected by limb differences. 1．What do we know about Camp No Limits? A．Its founder is disabled herself. B．It focuses on campers’ independence in activities. C．It was established to compete with average camps. D．It’s mainly targeted at children with limb problems. 2．What’s one of the biggest influences of Camp No Limits? A．Bringing the families alike closer. B．Giving poor families fund support. C．Providing the children with free medical treatment. D．Instructing parents to communicate properly with their kids. 3．What does Rosanne think of the camp? A．It’s challenging for campers. B．It’s beneficial to her kid’s mind. C．It’s short of experienced coaches. D．It improves campers’ school grades. 4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce a public organization. B．To tell an adventurous story. C．To show ways of aiding the disabled. D．To warn of the risks of camping. （23-24高一下•山东烟台•期中）Living near bars and fast-food restaurants could be harmful to heart health, according to a new research. These kinds of ready-to-eat food environments typically provide unhealthy foods and drinks, and have been related to cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, said Lu Qi, a head researcher at Tulane University in New Orleans. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can’t get enough blood to meet the body’s needs. This study is likely the first to evaluate (评估) the connection between food environment and heart failure with long-term observation. “Most previous researches on the relation between nutrition (营养) and human health have been focused on food quality, neglecting the impact of food environment,” Qi said. “Our present study highlights the importance of accounting for food environment in nutrition researches.” Researchers evaluated the connection using data from more than 500,000 adults in the United Kingdom. They measured participants’ exposure (接触 ) to three types of food environments — bars, restaurants and fast-food restaurants. Exposure was determined ‘ by proximity (living within 1 kilometer) and density (the number of ready-to-eat food stores within 1 kilometer). The study documented nearly 13,000 heart failure cases during a 12-year follow-up period and the results showed that participants with 10 or more ready-to-eat stores near their homes had a 16% greater risk of heart failure than those with no ready-to-eat food environments. Those closest to the bars(less than 500 meters) had a 14% higher risk than those who lived the farthest away (more than 3,000 meters). The researchers noted the findings suggested that creating healthier food environments and improving physical fitness facilities, along with helping more people receive higher levels of education, could reduce the increased risk of heart failure linked to quick-meal options. Overall, the study stresses the importance of improving food environments to prevent heart failure, and the researchers note that more studies are needed, particularly evaluating nutrition unsafety, to make sure of the applicability of this study’s results. 1．What does the underlined word “neglecting” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Questioning. B．Identifying. C．Considering. D．Ignoring. 2．How did the researchers get their research findings according to paragraph 4? A．By making a comparison. B．By explaining a theory. C．By showing an argument. D．By describing a process. 3．What is presented in paragraph 5? A．Possible causes. B．Solving strategies. C．Research results. D．People’s reactions. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Ways Food Is Cooked Really Count B．Single Food Choices Lead to Nutritional Imbalance C．Ready-to-eat Food Surroundings Could Harm Heart Health D．Fast Food Is Increasingly Entering the Consumption Market （23-24高一下•山东烟台•期中）Originally from the southeastern U. S., the red swamp crayfish have become an unwelcomed world traveler. They have dried wetlands in Europe and destroyed rice crops in Asia. These invasive (入侵的) crayfish are mobile and end anger native species. In the U. S., they are spread by private owners or lab researchers releasing unwanted ones into ponds and rivers. For their damaging nature, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) will by no means give up fighting against them. In 2017, the red swamp crayfish found its first Michigan home in a hotel pond. Over the years, researchers and workers have caught and removed more than 150,000 crayfish from the ponds but still see no end to completely removing them. They lay so many eggs, dig holes and can live anywhere. They outcompete native species for food and space. They have even spread across the city areas to the countryside waters. Their natural behavior and habits of digging holes make them a danger to native species and construction structures along the waterways. If left uncontrolled, they could damage water quality, wetlands, riverbanks and wild rice beds completely. Present methods of controlling the population include daily catching, hole filling and others. All of these approaches take a significant amount of time, money and scientific expert knowledge and skills. With the species continuing to enter waterways, the need to control its populations and protect native species is pressing for protecting the environment and the ecosystem. The team of researchers badly needs to develop new techniques. “We hope to find effective methods of management. The important thing is that we need a rapid combination of lab findings with field application,” said Kathleen, a crayfish biologist. “People are paying attention because the problems caused by the crayfish exist (存在) not just in Michigan, but in the entire Great Lakes basin,” said Kathleen. “This species can be really harmful to our natural resources in Michigan. If you like to get outdoors and see clean water, then you should care about this. We need further and continuous efforts to prevent similar situations from happening.” 1．Why are the red swamp crayfish unpopular with people? A．They attack local fishermen at times. B．They have eaten up all the species in water. C．They are used to living in fixed water areas. D．They greatly damage the ecological environment. 2．What makes the red swamp crayfish hard to remove? A．Their rapid speed of escape. B．Their strong reproducing ability. C．Their lack of natural enemies. D．Their particular feeding habits. 3．How are the present methods of controlling the crayfish? A．Convenient and creative. B．Practical and effective. C．Complex and dangerous. D．Time-consuming and costly. 4．What message does the text deliver? A．Living in harmony with nature is far from achievable. B．The crayfish have almost died out in the United States. C．There is still a long way to go in managing the crayfish. D．People have lost confidence in controlling invasive species. （23-24高一下•山东菏泽•期中）Lake Victoria is best known to the general public following the introduction of the 2004 documentary Darwin’s Nightmare, which focuses on the environmental and social effects of the Nile perch (河鲈) fishing industry. The Nile perch is the largest freshwater fish, which can grow up to two metres long and weigh 200kg. Its introduction into Lake Victoria in the 1950s and its rapid population growth in the 1960s gradually wiped out the native fish species living in the lake, causing a major ecological disaster. Today, the Nile perch population can be found everywhere but has reduced slightly due to overfishing, allowing some species to partially recover. What is less well known, and perhaps interacting with the presence of the Nile perch, but equally damaging to the ecosystem, is the general water quality of the lake. “This declined sharply between the 1960s and the 1990s due to eutrophication (富营养化), which is caused by increased inputs of nutrients (营养物) into the water bodies as a result of increased human activities in the catchment area.” explains Alberto Borges, FNRS Research Director at the Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography from the University of Liege. From 2018 to 2019, a research team led by Alberto Borges, studied the biomass (生物量) and composition of phytoplankton (浮游植物) as well as the nutrient status of the lake during three scientific missions. This study shows that the phytoplankton camass has decreased by about seven times compared to the 1990s.” says the researchers. “and that the species composition has also changed in a subtle way.” What seems to be good news for the environment of Lake Victoria may only be on the surface. “This means that the current improvement in water quality in Lake Victoria may only be temporary and that conditions could become worse again in the future due to continued climate warming.” says Alberto Borges. 1．Why was the documentary Darwin’s Nightmare made in 2004? A．To honor Darwin’s great contributions. B．To make Lake Victoria known to the world. C．To record the serious pollution in Lake Victoria. D．To show how the Nile perch fishing industry affected Lake Victoria. 2．What do we know about the introduction of Nile perch into Lake Victoria? A．It was disastrous to Lake Victoria. B．It helped control other species in Lake Victoria. C．It benefited the fishermen a lot in Lake Victoria area. D．It greatly improved the water quality in Lake Victoria. 3．What mainly makes eutrophication in Lake Victoria happen? A．The fishing industry. B．The decreased number of fish. C．The decrease of phytoplankton. D．More and more inputs of nutrients. 4．What’s Alberto Borges’ attitude to the future of Lake Victoria? A．Hopeful. B．Deeply concerned. C．Indifferent D．Cautiously optimistic （23-24高一下•山东名校•期中）I love watching football games and couldn’t help but notice how many footballers chew gum while playing! I always thought of it as a choking danger, so why would they risk it? When we chew something, the receptors in our mouth that sense taste and pressure from the jaw movements start firing and sending electrical signals to the brain. These electrical nervous system signals move to the brain, which works to understand these signals. This added brain activity places the mind in a more attentive state, which is why focus and concentration are improved. Additionally, chewing gum has been reported to decrease stress and anxiety levels. The brain activity stimulated (刺激) by chewing gum occurs mainly in the prefrontal cortex, the front part of the brain responsible for decision-making and emotional regulation. When chewing gum, the prefrontal cortex is activated, leading to the release of a “feel-good” neurotransmitter called dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine is known to promote a sense of pleasure and reward, helping to relieve feelings of stress and anxiety. So does this mean that the harder you chew, the better the focus levels? Yes…to an extent. Chewing harder gum does boost attention more than softer gum. Similarly, chewing flavored gum is better for cognitive (认知) functioning, as it activates more receptors in the mouth than chewing flavorless gum. With lower stress levels and better focus, athletes have better decision-making abilities in the middle of the game. It also helps them keep their anxiety levels in check during big games. Chewing gum does give your body a little boost, lifting up your spirits. That explains why athletes prefer chewing gum while playing a sport. But for the sake of safety, you’d better chew just one piece to reduce the choking risk. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．Chewing gum during games. B．Suffering from sports injuries. C．Swallowing gum for pleasure. D．Choking while watching games. 2．How can chewing help improve focus? A．By affecting digestive system. B．By releasing high pressure. C．By adding muscle strength. D．By stimulating the brain. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Gum proves a healthy snack for athletes. B．Chewing gum benefits mental health. C．Dopamine contributes to better focus. D．Brain activity helps relieve anxiety. 4．What is the author’s attitude to chewing gum? A．Hopeful. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. （23-24高一下•山东菏泽•期中）Since the pandemic (流行病) hit, we’re on video calls more than ever before, and many are finding it extremely tiring. Being on a video call requires more focus than a face-to-face chat, says Gianpiero Petriglien, an associate professor at Insead. Video chats mean we need to work harder to process facial expressions, the tone and pitch of the voice, and body language: paying more attention to these consumes a lot of energy. “Our minds are together when our bodies feel we’re not. That causes people to have conflicting (互相冲突) feelings, and i: is exhausting You cannot relax into the conversation naturally.” he says. “Silence is another challenge.” he adds. “Silence creates a natural rhythm in a real-life conversation. However, when it happens in a video call, you become anxious about the technology.” It also makes people uncomfortable. One 2014 study by German Scholars showed that delays (延迟) on phone or conferencing systems shaped our unpleasant views of people: even delays of 1.2 seconds made people regard the responder as less friendly or focused. An added factor, says Marissa Shulffer, an associate professor at Clemson University, is that if we are physically on camera, we are very aware of being watched. “When you’re on a video conference, you knew everybody’s looking at you; you are on stage, so there comes the social pressure and feeling like you need to perform. Being performative is nerve-wracking.” It’s also very hard for people not to look at their own face if they can see it on screen, or not to be conscious (有意识的) of how they behave in front of the camera. Both experts suggest limiting video calls to those that are necessary. Turning on the camera should be optional and is general there should be more understanding that cameras do not always have to be on throughout teach meeting. Having your screen off to the side, instead of straight ahead, could also help your concentration, particularly in group meetings, says Petriglien. It makes you feel like you’re in a next-door room, so you may be less bring. 1．What does Gianpiero Petriglien think of video calls? A．They need more concentration. B．They go on more naturally. C．They are more relaxing. D．They take longer time. 2．What makes people uncomfortable according to the 2014 study? A．Facial expressions. B．Occasional silence. C．Processing body language D．Not receiving a timely reply 3．What does the underlined word “nerve-wracking” in Paragraph 4mean? A．Causing excitement. B．Causing disappointment. C．Making one feel nervous. D．Making one feel surprised. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．The convenience of video chats. B．Why video chats are so exhausting. C．The development of mobile phones. D．What technological development brings （23-24高一下•山东日照•期中）When we talk about protecting the environment and sustainability, we focus on factories and industries that produce cars, household objects, and materials used in production. However, the carbon footprint of the fast fashion industry is sizeable and should not be overlooked. Fast fashion has seen quite the rise recently, with stores spreading far and wide all over the world. They mass-produce one collection after the other, always on trend, and always encouraging consumers to follow the said trend. However, what about the impact this kind of business model has on the environment? The clothing industry is the second-highest polluter of water. Factories of fast fashion poured poisonous chemicals into clean water supplies because clothing production is a land-and water-intensive industry, responsible for 10% of all carbon release globally. Even after the clothes are produced in factories, they can still affect the environment. For example, polyester (涤纶) can release plastic microfibres into the water system, which contributes to the already existing plastic problem. The fashion industry is indeed causing great harm to the environment; moreover, the clothes being made are not meant to last. In most cases, the quality is not there, and the clothes are only used a few times before being discarded. Before the rise of fast fashion, clothes were made to last and were not meant to have the high turnover that clothes have. There are many designers who are committed to mass-producing their clothes in sustainable ways. Some big brands are also trying to make improvements in the materials they use and the mass-producing process, but big efforts are needed if we are going to see a change. What we as consumers can do is shop consciously and consider how the clothes have been made and whether we truly need that piece or not. 1．What can be inferred about fast fashion from the first two paragraphs? A．It stresses offline sales. B．It affects the environment seriously. C．It is a sustainable industry worldwide. D．It is popular among young consumers. 2．What is the impact of polyester mentioned in paragraph 3? A．It makes clothing last long. B．It reduces carbon footprint. C．It results in water pollution. D．It lowers the production cost. 3．What does the underlined word “discarded” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Thrown away. B．Picked up. C．Passed down. D．Turned in. 4．What should consumers do to protect the environment according to the text? A．Support big fashion brands. B．Stop buying long-lasting clothes. C．Think twice before shopping for clothes. D．Change dressing styles frequently. （23-24高一下•山东潍坊•期中）Human voices cause considerably more fear in wild animals than the sound of lions, a study in South Africa has found. The Kruger National Park is a popular safari (观兽旅行) destination and is known for its diverse wildlife. Scientists played recordings of people talking normally through speakers hidden at water holes in the Kruger National Park. About 95% of animals were extremely frightened and quickly ran away. Surprisingly, recordings of growling lions brought about significantly less alarm. Some elephants, in response to the big catcalls, even attempted to face the source of the sound. The human speech they chose to play included local languages commonly spoken in the country. The study’s findings suggest that the animals, which include antelopes, elephants, giraffes, leopards and wild pigs, have learnt that contact with humans is extremely dangerous, due to hunting, gun use and the use of dogs to catch them. Over the years, the encroachment (入侵) of human settlements into wildlife habitats and hunting have led to a deep-seated fear of humans among wildlife. The fear goes beyond the Kruger National Park, showing a global pattern where wildlife tends to fear humans more than any other enemies, according to the study. This fear of humans is a challenge for areas that rely on wildlife tourism, as the human visitors they want to attract are scaring off the animals they have come to see. The study opens up the potential to protect weak species in these ecosystems. Human sounds, when used appropriately, could help protect wildlife against illegal hunting. This research also highlights the great importance of respectful and responsible wildlife tourism. One thing is clear: the need for a balanced approach to wildlife conservation and tourism has never been greater. As we step into their world, we must remember that we are visitors and that they are rightful inhabitants. 1．How was the study conducted in paragraph 2? A．By making comparison. B．By raising questions. C．By studying the recordings. D．By presenting previous researches. 2．Why are the animals alarmed about human voice? A．The voice of human is scary. B．Human presence threatens them. C．Human beings are stronger than them. D．They are sensitive to the sounds in nature. 3．What will the animal’s fear of humans lead to according to paragraph 4? A．Human visitors will be safer. B．Animal species will be reduced. C．Wildlife tourism will suffer loss. D．Wild animals will be more dangerous. 4．What is the significance of the study? A．Illegal hunting can be prevented. B．Wildlife habitats will get enlarged. C．A new way to protect wildlife is inspired. D．The balance between human and nature is strengthened. （23-24高一下•山东济宁•期中）One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might someday get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world. TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors. Each of us has a place in nature where we go sometimes, even if it is torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. “If the decrease in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment (蚕食)?” asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods. Without having a nature experience, kids can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress levels, creativity and cognitive (认知的) skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poorer health than their parents — and a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature exposure. Even a small outdoor experience can create wonder in a child. The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world.   Kids are not responsible. They are just over-protected and frightened. It is dangerous outdoors from time to time, but when repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite (仪式) during the children’s growth, it can be more dangerous. We should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring nature and taking friendship in fields and woods that cement love, respect and need for landscape. As parents, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To show the great damage done to nature. B．To recommend a popular book to the public. C．To stress the necessity of kid’s going outdoors. D．To raise the awareness of environmental protection. 2．What may happen to children without a nature experience? A．They’ll surely become a failure. B．They’ll keep a high sense of wonder. C．They may suffer physically and mentally. D．They can develop better social skills. 3．What does the author think of children’s breaking an arm? A．It is not a bad thing in a sense. B．It is caused by the careless parents. C．It should be taken seriously. D．It could be prevented from happening. 4．What does the underlined word “cement” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Lack. B．Strengthen. C．Prove. D．Require. （23-24高一下•山东淄博•期中）In recent years, China’s second-hand economy has been growing steadily. One second-hand book platform by the name of Duozhuayu, meaning catching more fish, has gained a lot of followers in just a few years. Here at the book store in Beijing, bookworms are filling up the space for books still in good condition and also at reduced prices. The company operates with a model of buying，repairing, sterilizing (消毒) and selling used books. Their service has caused more young Chinese to cast away old thinking of refusing used things and to explore the value of used things. “For second-hand items, people used to think they are of low quality. But the kind of second-hand items that truly circulates (传播) well is of high-quality. Books belong to that category (种类). Here we believe that truly valuable items are worth buying twice,” Chen Tuo, co-founder of the company said. The company hopes for a win-win situation in the market, where buyers could deal with used books more conveniently and buyers could buy them cheaply. The sharing of books also means more choices for readers than those offered by regular bookstores. According to Chen Tuo, the bookstore also has a feature online that allows customers to put a particular book on demand, and the system will inform you if it becomes available. The store relies heavily on data that keep records of books being accepted or refused. “From sales data in the past year, we’ve observed that books about psychology, finance and self management were among the most popular while books related to tourism didn’t sell that well. These data really help us make better decisions.” Chen said. In a society where traditional books face competition from e-books, the bookstore hopes to popularize physical books, and to improve customer experience. Now with two offline stores in Beijing and Shanghai, the bookstore is adding more second-hand items to their lists, including kindles and clothing. The company says recycling is not just for economy, but for a lifestyle worth trying. 1．What can we learn about Duozhuayu in paragraph 1? A．It sells fish products. B．It is becoming popular. C．It is a newly-built bookstore. D．It mainly serves young people. 2．What does the underlined phrase “cast away” in paragraph 2 mean? A．understand. B．develop. C．compare. D．abandon. 3．How do the data help the bookstore? A．They can tell which books are the best. B．They show how often people visit it. C．They reflect people’s reading preferences. D．They can make decisions for the owners. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Second-hand book platform brings new life to used books B．Second-hand book platform is faced with a difficult situation C．Second-hand book platform is changing people’s reading habits D．Second-hand book platform meets the needs of different readers （23-24高一下•山东潍坊•期中）Kurt, one of Australian most respected and recognized athletes, has won over 40 marathons, including New York, Chicago and London, in his career of more than 20 years. He became the first athlete with a disability to win The Don Award-given to honor those whose achievements inspire the whole nation — in the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2018. Kurt has always been determined. Being born without the lower part of his spine (脊椎) has never held him back, from backyard games of football to crewing an attractive Sydney to Hobart ship and winning dozens of marathons around the world. Growing up in a large and loving family in the small town of Carcoar, Kurt was encouraged to make the most of every opportunity, and he did. He took on almost every challenge presented to him, encouraged by his parents. He even managed to move himself on his elbows up and down hills at an early age. Turning his attention to wheelchair sports in his teens, Kurt quickly became a world beater. He started his career with two silver medals at the 2000 Sydney Paralympic Games, before making his winning breakthrough at the 2004 Athens Paralympics with gold medals in the 5,000m and marathon races. Following the 2004 Paralympics, Kurt conquered the world, winning seven world championships and more than 30 marathons around the globe. Kurt is a person who supports the rights of people with disabilities. He throws himself into a number of charitable activities. For example, in 2009, Kurt spent two weeks crawling (爬) the 96 kilometer Kokoda Track to raise awareness and money for people’s health charity. While Kurt’s athletic career is over, his commitment (投入) to sports and support for people with disabilities live on in so many different forms. Kurt believes that people with disabilities should be given more opportunities. 1．What does paragraph 1 tell us about Kurt? A．He contributed a lot to American spirit. B．He is the most popular marathon athlete. C．He is the first athlete to win the Don Award. D．He is a disabled athlete with great achievements. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Kurt’s living conditions were poor. B．Kurt’s parents were strict with him. C．Kurt’s tough life inspired his creation. D．Kurt’s childhood saw his determination. 3．Who will benefit from Kurt’s charitable activities probably? A．A sick teenager. B．A blind boy. C．An injured athlete. D．A potential champion. 4．What does Kurt’s story tell us? A．Learn to walk before your run. B．Ups and downs make one strong. C．Become the light and warm others. D．Disability is a force for great progress. 2 / 19 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解之说明文15篇（山东专用） （23-24高一下•山东•期中）Ford, the motor company, has announced it has rented a pair of Boston Dynamics’ robotic dogs. Ford is using the robotic dogs to help it 3D-map its Van Dyke Plant. “By having the robots in our factory, we can see what it actually looks like now and build a new engineering model. That digital model is then used when we need to change the equipment in the factory for new products,” said Mark Goderis, Ford’s digital engineering manager. The robotic dogs are used to record 360-degree images of areas in the factory that are difficult to get to by using a traditional 3D camera. They’re equipped with five cameras and can climb steps and kneel (跪) down to get into hard-to-reach places. Their four legs allow the robots to walk like a dog, around the factory at speeds of up to 3 miles per hour — so they’re not very quick. Besides, the battery lasts for only two hours. Mark said that the old way of scanning (扫描) with a camera could take two weeks, yet using the robotic dogs cuts that time in half. It also used to cost $300,000 to do it the old way. The robotic dogs are cheaper, but Ford didn’t say by how much. At present, the robotic dogs are followed by their handler, Paula Wiebelhaus, who manages the robotic dogs through a controller with a screen that sees what the dogs see. But in the near future, Ford wants to program the robotic dogs to go to different parts of the factory and report back what they see without being followed by a human. They can also ask for a ride on the back of a mobile robot that Ford has named Scouter. Like the robotic dogs, it’s also taking 3D scans of its environment. 1．What can we learn about Ford? A．It needs help in building an engineering model. B．It aims to design more animal related products. C．It is the main producer of robotic dogs. D．It will use robots instead of engineers. 2．What are the robotic dogs expected to do in the factory? A．Serve as a short-term battery charger. B．Explore and record inaccessible areas. C．Carry heavy objects around the factory. D．Improve the quality of digital images. 3．What is stressed in Paragraph 3? A．The advantages of robotic dogs. B．Ford’s new way of saving money. C．Mark’s interest in high technology. D．The cost of traditional scanning. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Robotic dogs are sometimes out of control. B．Scouter will take the place of robotic dogs. C．Ford will build more robotic dogs later. D．The robotic dogs will be improved soon. 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了福特公司租用的机器狗的功能和用途。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段““By having the robots in our factory, we can see what it actually looks like now and build a new engineering model. That digital model is then used when we need to change the equipment in the factory for new products,” said Mark Goderis, Ford’s digital engineering manager.(福特的数字工程经理Mark Goderis说道：“通过在我们的工厂安装机器人，我们可以看到工厂现在实际的样子，并建立一个新的工程模型。当我们需要为新产品更换工厂设备时，就会使用这个数字模型。”)”可知，福特的工程经理表示，使用机器狗可以帮助他们建立新的工程模型，故他们公司在建立工程模型时需要帮助，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The robotic dogs are used to record 360-degree images of areas in the factory that are difficult to get to by using a traditional 3D camera. They’re equipped with five cameras and can climb steps and kneel (跪) down to get into hard-to-reach places.(机器狗用于记录工厂中使用传统3D相机难以达到的区域的360度图像。他们配备了五个摄像头，能爬上台阶，跪下进入到难以达到的地方。)”可知，机器狗可以去到传统3D相机难以达到的地方进行探索和记录，故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Mark said that the old way of scanning (扫描) with a camera could take two weeks, yet using the robotic dogs cuts that time in half. It also used to cost $300,000 to do it the old way. The robotic dogs are cheaper, but Ford didn’t say by how much.( Mark说道，传统的用相机扫描的方式要花两周的时间，然而，使用机器狗所花的时间可以减半。而且传统的方式要花30万美元。机器狗更便宜，但是福特公司没具体说便宜了多少。)”可知，第三段主要在讲使用机器狗时的花费时间更短、价格更便宜的优势，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But in the near future, Ford wants to program the robotic dogs to go to different parts of the factory and report back what they see without being followed by a human. They can also ask for a ride on the back of a mobile robot that Ford has named Scouter. Like the robotic dogs, it’s also taking 3D scans of its environment. (在不久的将来，福特希望能够通过编程让机器狗前往工厂的不同区域，并报告它们看到的情况，而不需要人类跟踪。他们还可以乘坐福特命名为Scouter的移动机器人。和机器狗一样，它也能捕捉周围环境的3D扫描。)”可知，在不久的将来，机器狗能够在不用人跟踪的情况下的单独工作，故很快，机器狗会得到改善，而故选D。 （23-24高一下•山东名校•期中）When we think about what makes humans different from other animals, the word “conscience” often appears. Conscience is the feeling you get when you assess (评估) if you’ve done something “correct” or “wrong”. It is with the help of our conscience that we understand the moral principles we hold. This motivates us to act on them and therefore helps us assess our character and behavior. Eventually, it helps us judge ourselves against those principles, in terms of how well we follow them. Accordingly, you avoid certain desires (i. e., eating in class) and follow the behavior that is considered correct or “right” (paying attention to what the teacher is teaching) . Consciousness, on the other hand, reflects how aware you are of your surroundings. A good way to understand this is to think of the human mind as an iceberg, as proposed by Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The part of the iceberg on the surface represents your conscious awareness. It refers to all the things you are aware of and can easily describe. For instance, right now, while reading this article, your conscious mind is helping you make connections. The deeper level of the iceberg is your unconscious mind. It refers to aspects that you are unaware of, including your fears, violent motives, and strong desires that are hard to describe. Many researchers, like Freud, propose that morality or conscience develops when a child internalizes (内在化) the rules that their, parents set when the child was growing up. However, some psychologists, like Paul Bloom, argue that morality is something we are all born with. Bloom argues that all babies are born with a sense of fairness. The claim came from studies of adopted children with genes, who were twins and separated at birth. If they possessed the “gene” to be kind, they would continue to be kind, despite being brought up in different family environments. So, which opinion is true? We truly don’t know. While there is more evidence in the studies claiming that conscience is developed through learning and socialization, the newer ideas of it being genetically acquired from birth look promising as well! 1. What is a function of conscience? A．It motivates us to act quickly. B．It keeps record of our behavior. C．It assesses our moral principles. D．It helps us tell right from wrong. 2．In which situation does your unconscious mind work? A．You apply what you learn to practice. B．You appreciate the beauty of poetry. C．You have a fear of public speaking. D．You describe violent scenes in a book. 3．What may Freud agree with? A．Genes affect kids’ consciousness. B．Kids acquire conscience with age. C．Genetic studies promote his theory. D．Parents should set strict rules for kids. 4．What may be a suitable title for the text? A．New theory uncovers the secret of our mind B．What helps tell human being from animals? C．Is conscience gained at birth or with age? D．Consciousness improves our moral level 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人类与动物不同之处之一的“良心”概念，并且探讨了良心的形成。文章最后指出，关于良心的形成，目前尚无定论，既有通过学习和社会化形成的证据，也有天生遗传的可能性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ Conscience is the feeling you get when you assess (评估) if you’ve done something “correct” or “wrong”. It is with the help of our conscience that we understand the moral principles we hold. (良心是当你评估你做的事情是“对”还是“错”时的感觉。在良心的帮助下，我们理解了我们所持的道德原则。)”可知，良心的功能是帮助我们区分对错，正如文中提到的，它帮助我们评估我们的行为是否符合我们所持有的道德原则。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The deeper level of the iceberg is your unconscious mind. It refers to aspects that you are unaware of, including your fears, violent motives, and strong desires that are hard to describe.(冰山的更深一层是你的潜意识。它指的是你没有意识到的方面，包括你的恐惧、暴力动机和难以描述的强烈欲望。)”可知，恐惧、暴力动机和难以描述的强烈欲望是自己没有意识到的方面，在此时是无意识的心智（潜意识）在起作用，而我们可能并不意识到它的存在。C选项“You have a fear of public speaking.(你害怕公开演讲。)”属于无意识中的部分。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Many researchers, like Freud, propose that morality or conscience develops when a child internalizes (内在化) the rules that their, parents set when the child was growing up. (许多研究人员，如弗洛伊德，提出当孩子内化父母在孩子成长过程中制定的规则时，道德或良心就会发展。)”可知，弗洛伊德可能会同意孩子们随着年龄的增长获得良心，因为他提出良心或道德感是在儿童时期通过内化父母设定的规则而发展起来的即孩子随着年龄的增长而获得良知。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“When we think about what makes humans different from other animals, the word “conscience” often appears. Conscience is the feeling you get when you assess (评估) if you’ve done something “correct” or “wrong”. (当我们思考人类与其他动物的区别时，“良心”这个词经常出现。良心是当你评估你做的事情是“对”还是“错”时的感觉。)”可知，文章主要讨论了人类与动物不同之处之一的“良心”概念，良心是人们用来评估自己行为是否正确或错误的内在感受；以及第二段中“Consciousness, on the other hand, reflects how aware you are of your surroundings. A good way to understand this is to think of the human mind as an iceberg, as proposed by Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. (另一方面，意识反映了你对周围环境的意识程度。理解这一点的一个好方法是把人类的心灵想象成一座冰山，正如弗洛伊德的精神分析理论所提出的那样。)”可知，文章还提到了“意识”，将其比喻为冰山模型，意识是冰山露出水面的部分，而潜意识则是隐藏在水面下的部分；以及第三段中“Many researchers, like Freud, propose that morality or conscience develops when a child internalizes (内在化) the rules that their, parents set when the child was growing up.(许多研究人员，如弗洛伊德，提出当孩子内化父母在孩子成长过程中制定的规则时，道德或良心就会发展。)”以及倒数第二段中“However, some psychologists, like Paul Bloom, argue that morality is something we are all born with. Bloom argues that all babies are born with a sense of fairness. (然而，一些心理学家，如保罗·布鲁姆，认为道德是我们与生俱来的东西。布鲁姆认为，所有的婴儿都有一种天生的公平感。)”可知，文章探讨了良心的形成，一些研究者如弗洛伊德认为良心是通过儿童时期内化父母规则而发展起来的，而另一些心理学家如保罗·布鲁姆则认为良心是我们天生具有的。结合上述信息，整篇文章围绕“良心”这个话题展开，并且探讨良心是如何形成的，是天生具有还是后天通过学习和社交获得的。C选项“Is conscience gained at birth or with age?( 良心是在出生时获得的还是随着年龄增长而获得的？)”概括文章的主要内容，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 （23-24高一下•山东青岛•期中）Often, research surrounding non-native — also referred to as invasive (入侵的) — species focuses on the negative impact on the environments they invade. Non-native species represent threats or even disasters; some are even famous for it. But according to a new study from Brown University, while the negative aspects of non-native life, including the increased risk of causing extinction to other species, are mainly talked about, the positives are not always addressed. Researchers say that non-native species also have the ability to increase biodiversity (生物多样性) within habitats. As far as famously feared non-native species go, zebra mussels are high on the unwanted list. They originated in the waters of Eurasia and have grown to become a major issue in lakes and waterways across the Great Lakes, as well as in states such as Texas and California. In unnatural habitats, they reproduce rapidly, outcompeting native species for resources. Additionally, they attach themselves to hard surfaces, such as pipes and boats, costing millions to remove. But for its research, the team decided to focus not only on non-native species’ negative impacts but also on what they can contribute to habitats. In forests, the earthworms have the ability to change the ecosystem negatively. However, when earthworms are present in agricultural land, there is a possibility for a 25-percent increase in the productivity of agricultural crops. As far as brown trout — a non-native species in New Zealand — are concerned, locals have embraced the fish, enjoying the economic and recreational benefits of fishing for the species and adding it to their local food. Biologist Dov Sax, along with co-authors of the Brown University study, says that these benefits are not as uncommon as past research on invasive species may suggest. “Our new paper argues that the positive impacts of non-native species are neither unexpected nor rare but instead common and important,” says Sax. 1．What does the new study focus on? A．Bad influence of invasive species. B．Uncertain future some species face. C．Possible benefits non-native species bring. D．The importance of biodiversity protection. 2．What can we learn about zebra mussels from paragraph 2? A．They are listed as endangered species. B．They disturb the local natural balance. C．They receive a warm welcome in Texas. D．They bring huge business opportunities. 3．What is locals’ attitude to the brown trout？ A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Discontent. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Say No to the Non-Native Species B．What do Unnatural Habitats Mean? C．A Close Link Between Researches D．Are Invasive Species Always Bad? 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现非本地物种有助于增加当地生物多样性，并列举了一些例子加以说明。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But according to a new study from Brown University, while the negative aspects of non-native life, including the increased risk of causing extinction to other species, are mainly talked about, the positives are not always addressed. Researchers say that non-native species also have the ability to increase biodiversity (生物多样性) within habitats.(但根据布朗大学的一项新研究，虽然非本地生物的负面影响，包括导致其他物种灭绝的风险增加，主要被谈论，但积极的一面并不总是得到解决。研究人员说，非本地物种也有能力增加栖息地内的生物多样性)”可知，这项新研究的重点是非本地物种可能带来的好处。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In unnatural habitats, they reproduce rapidly, outcompeting native species for resources. Additionally, they attach themselves to hard surfaces, such as pipes and boats, costing millions to remove.(在非自然栖息地，它们繁殖迅速，与本地物种争夺资源。此外，它们附着在坚硬的表面上，如管道和船只，要花费数百万美元才能清除)”可知，斑马贻贝破坏了当地的自然平衡。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“As far as brown trout — a non-native species in New Zealand — are concerned, locals have embraced the fish, enjoying the economic and recreational benefits of fishing for the species and adding it to their local food.(至于褐鳟鱼——新西兰的一种非本地物种——当地人已经接受了这种鱼，享受着捕捞这种鱼带来的经济和娱乐效益，并将其添加到当地的食物中)”可知，当地人对褐鳟的态度是支持。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But according to a new study from Brown University, while the negative aspects of non-native life, including the increased risk of causing extinction to other species, are mainly talked about, the positives are not always addressed. Researchers say that non-native species also have the ability to increase biodiversity (生物多样性) within habitats.(但根据布朗大学的一项新研究，虽然非本地生物的负面影响，包括导致其他物种灭绝的风险增加，主要被谈论，但积极的一面并不总是得到解决。研究人员说，非本地物种也有能力增加栖息地内的生物多样性)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员发现非本地物种有助于增加当地生物多样性，并列举了一些例子加以说明。可知，D选项“入侵物种总是有害的吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （23-24高一下•山东青岛•期中）If you connected your grandparents with flowers or blooms, what types would they be? A theory called “orchids (兰花) and dandelions (蒲公英)” was introduced to describe how people adapt to their environment. Just like orchids that need specific conditions to grow, some people show a similar nature. On the other hand, dandelions, like weeds, can grow almost anywhere and stay strong even in difficult environments. The theory, which first came out in 2005, was created to understand how kids grow up. But in 2022, Canadian scientists discovered it also applies to older people. They investigated the lifestyle activities of more than 3,530 older adults, and then studied the influence of these activities on their cognitive (认知的) health, including whether their cognitive patterns changed. The cognitive patterns of “dandelion” elders appear steady, which means that they tend to have better cognitive health, showing great adaptation and an ability to handle tough conditions. Dandelion-type seniors usually have strong social networks, engage positively with family members and the community, and always seek out the silver linings in life experiences. Having various hobbies or careers, they actively communicate with the world and realize their values, which allows them to find satisfaction in life. Orchid-type seniors, who tend to have changes in cognitive patterns, maintain limited communication with the outside world. While deeply crazy about one or two hobbies or careers, they tend to focus on these interests. Although they may do well in familiar environments, unfavorable conditions lead them to overreact and struggle. Knowing what flower type your grandparents are enables you to love and care for them better and helps them enjoy delightful and fulfilling golden years. Dandelions sometimes might struggle with loneliness, so family members’ company is helpful in such cases. For orchids, families should encourage them to express how they feel and what they need. 1．What is the “orchids and dandelions” theory mainly about? A．The change of lifestyle. B．Personal response to conditions. C．Growth habit of two plants. D．Differences between generations. 2．What do the underlined words “silver linings” mean in paragraph 3? A．Surprising truths. B．Unexpected turns. C．Hopeful aspects. D．Lasting memories. 3．What can we learn about orchid-type seniors? A．They are willing to make changes. B．They have good social connections. C．They have a wide variety of hobbies. D．They manage new conditions poorly. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Flowers and their influence. B．Family members’ care and love. C．An insight into seniors’ personalities. D．Tips on how to improve seniors’ health. 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“兰花和蒲公英”理论的具体内容，以及两种不同类型的老人的特点和给出建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A theory called “orchids (兰花) and dandelions (蒲公英)” was introduced to describe how people adapt to their environment. Just like orchids that need specific conditions to grow, some people show a similar nature. On the other hand, dandelions, like weeds, can grow almost anywhere and stay strong even in difficult environments.(一种叫做“兰花和蒲公英”的理论被引入来描述人们如何适应他们的环境。就像兰花需要特定的条件才能生长一样，有些人也表现出类似的天性。另一方面，蒲公英和杂草一样，几乎可以在任何地方生长，即使在困难的环境中也能保持强壮)”可知，“兰花和蒲公英”理论的主要内容是个人对环境的反应。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Having various hobbies or careers, they actively communicate with the world and realize their values, which allows them to find satisfaction in life.(他们有各种各样的爱好或职业，他们积极与世界交流，实现自己的价值观，这让他们在生活中找到满足感)”可知，蒲公英型老年人会在生活中寻找有希望的方面。故划线词意思是“有希望的方面”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Orchid-type seniors, who tend to have changes in cognitive patterns, maintain limited communication with the outside world. While deeply crazy about one or two hobbies or careers, they tend to focus on these interests. Although they may do well in familiar environments, unfavorable conditions lead them to overreact and struggle.(兰花型老年人的认知模式往往会发生变化，他们与外界的交流有限。虽然他们对一两个爱好或职业非常着迷，但他们往往专注于这些兴趣。虽然他们在熟悉的环境中表现得很好，但不利的环境会导致他们反应过度和挣扎)”可知，兰花型老年人不能很好地应对新环境。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But in 2022, Canadian scientists discovered it also applies to older people. They investigated the lifestyle activities of more than 3,530 older adults, and then studied the influence of these activities on their cognitive (认知的) health, including whether their cognitive patterns changed.(但在2022年，加拿大科学家发现这也适用于老年人。他们调查了3530多名老年人的生活方式活动，然后研究了这些活动对他们认知健康的影响，包括他们的认知模式是否发生了变化)”结合文章主要说明了“兰花和蒲公英”理论的具体内容，以及两种不同类型的老人的特点和给出建议。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是对老年人性格的洞察。故选C。 （23-24高一下•山东烟台•期中）Many of us have memories of spending weeks at camps learning new things, making new friends and exploring new possibilities. Camp No Limits (CNL), a non-profit (非营利的) organization in America, provides the camp experience for the kids whose differences can feel like a barrier in average camp settings. CNL proves that there is no reason that limb (肢) differences should take away the fun! Built in 2004, CNL provides sleep-away camps for children with limb differences at 11 locations in America. “When I was in school, we really had very limited time that was spent discussing individuals with limb differences,” said the founder Mary. CNL has now reached over 1,400 children in 1,200 families. The families are an important part of the camp. Kids are often accompanied (陪伴) by family members who stay at the camp. These members of support systems are able to form relationships with other families. One of the greatest impacts of the camp is that the families are closely connected and can depend on one another. “There are other kids out there, you just can’t see them that often,” says Rosanne, who accompanied her 12-year-old daughter to camp. “It’s a wonderful opportunity for her to meet some kids, and talk about what they’re going through. It’s good for her mental health.” With the assistance of passionate instructors, campers often leave CNL, with new skills. 8-year-old Anya, for example, left the camp being able to ride a bike again, which she hadn’t done since losing her left leg because of cancer. CNL is making a great impact on every individual that it hosts. From the instructors who are developing skills to the campers who are feeling inspiration, the camp achieves its mission to connect individuals affected by limb differences. 1．What do we know about Camp No Limits? A．Its founder is disabled herself. B．It focuses on campers’ independence in activities. C．It was established to compete with average camps. D．It’s mainly targeted at children with limb problems. 2．What’s one of the biggest influences of Camp No Limits? A．Bringing the families alike closer. B．Giving poor families fund support. C．Providing the children with free medical treatment. D．Instructing parents to communicate properly with their kids. 3．What does Rosanne think of the camp? A．It’s challenging for campers. B．It’s beneficial to her kid’s mind. C．It’s short of experienced coaches. D．It improves campers’ school grades. 4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce a public organization. B．To tell an adventurous story. C．To show ways of aiding the disabled. D．To warn of the risks of camping. 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国非营利组织“无极限营地”(CNL)。该组织致力于为有肢体差异的孩子提供营地体验，让他们能够学习新技能、结交朋友并探索新的可能性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Camp No Limits (CNL), a non-profit (非营利的) organization in America, provides the camp experience for the kids whose differences can feel like a barrier in average camp settings. CNL proves that there is no reason that limb (肢) differences should take away the fun! (美国非营利组织“无极限营地”(CNL)为孩子们提供营地体验，他们的差异在一般的营地环境中可能会成为障碍。CNL证明没有理由肢体差异应该带走乐趣!)”可知，无极限营地”(CNL)主要针对有肢体问题的儿童。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One of the greatest impacts of the camp is that the families are closely connected and can depend on one another. (营地最大的影响之一是，这些家庭关系密切，可以相互依赖。)”可知，CNL的一个主要影响是它使得有相似情况的家庭之间建立了紧密的联系，他们可以相互依赖和支持。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中Rosanne的话“It’s a wonderful opportunity for her to meet some kids, and talk about what they’re going through. It’s good for her mental health. (这是一个很好的机会，让她认识一些孩子，谈谈他们正在经历的事情。这对她的心理健康有好处。)”可知，Rosanne认为夏令营对她女儿的心理健康有益。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Camp No Limits (CNL), a non-profit (非营利的) organization in America, provides the camp experience for the kids whose differences can feel like a barrier in average camp settings. CNL proves that there is no reason that limb (肢) differences should take away the fun! (美国非营利组织“无极限营地”(CNL)为孩子们提供营地体验，他们的差异在一般的营地环境中可能会成为障碍。CNL证明没有理由肢体差异应该带走乐趣!)”和最后一段中“CNL is making a great impact on every individual that it hosts. From the instructors who are developing skills to the campers who are feeling inspiration, the camp achieves its mission to connect individuals affected by limb differences. (CNL对它所接待的每个人都产生了巨大的影响。从培养技能的教练到感受灵感的营员，营地实现了将肢体差异患者联系起来的使命。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国非营利组织“无极限营地”(CNL)。该组织致力于为有肢体差异的孩子提供营地体验，让他们能够学习新技能、结交朋友并探索新的可能性。故“To introduce a public organization. (介绍一个公共组织。)”是作者写这篇文章的目的。故选A项。 （23-24高一下•山东烟台•期中）Living near bars and fast-food restaurants could be harmful to heart health, according to a new research. These kinds of ready-to-eat food environments typically provide unhealthy foods and drinks, and have been related to cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, said Lu Qi, a head researcher at Tulane University in New Orleans. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can’t get enough blood to meet the body’s needs. This study is likely the first to evaluate (评估) the connection between food environment and heart failure with long-term observation. “Most previous researches on the relation between nutrition (营养) and human health have been focused on food quality, neglecting the impact of food environment,” Qi said. “Our present study highlights the importance of accounting for food environment in nutrition researches.” Researchers evaluated the connection using data from more than 500,000 adults in the United Kingdom. They measured participants’ exposure (接触 ) to three types of food environments — bars, restaurants and fast-food restaurants. Exposure was determined ‘ by proximity (living within 1 kilometer) and density (the number of ready-to-eat food stores within 1 kilometer). The study documented nearly 13,000 heart failure cases during a 12-year follow-up period and the results showed that participants with 10 or more ready-to-eat stores near their homes had a 16% greater risk of heart failure than those with no ready-to-eat food environments. Those closest to the bars(less than 500 meters) had a 14% higher risk than those who lived the farthest away (more than 3,000 meters). The researchers noted the findings suggested that creating healthier food environments and improving physical fitness facilities, along with helping more people receive higher levels of education, could reduce the increased risk of heart failure linked to quick-meal options. Overall, the study stresses the importance of improving food environments to prevent heart failure, and the researchers note that more studies are needed, particularly evaluating nutrition unsafety, to make sure of the applicability of this study’s results. 1．What does the underlined word “neglecting” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Questioning. B．Identifying. C．Considering. D．Ignoring. 2．How did the researchers get their research findings according to paragraph 4? A．By making a comparison. B．By explaining a theory. C．By showing an argument. D．By describing a process. 3．What is presented in paragraph 5? A．Possible causes. B．Solving strategies. C．Research results. D．People’s reactions. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Ways Food Is Cooked Really Count B．Single Food Choices Lead to Nutritional Imbalance C．Ready-to-eat Food Surroundings Could Harm Heart Health D．Fast Food Is Increasingly Entering the Consumption Market 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了一项关于居住环境与心脏健康关系的科学研究成果，探讨了靠近酒吧和快餐店的生活环境如何可能对心脏健康产生负面影响。 1．词句猜测题。 由文章第二段中“Most previous researches on the relation between nutrition (营养) and human health have been focused on food quality (以前关于营养和人类健康关系的大多数研究都集中在食品质量上)”和“the impact of food environment (食物环境的影响)”可知，以前关于营养和人类健康关系的大多数研究都集中在食品质量上，此处应该表示“忽视了食品环境的影响”，neglecting意为“忽视”。A. Questioning提问；B. Identifying识别；C. Considering考虑；D. Ignoring忽略，忽视。故选D。 2．推理判断题。 由文章第四段“The study documented nearly 13,000 heart failure cases during a 12-year follow-up period and the results showed that participants with 10 or more ready-to-eat stores near their homes had a 16% greater risk of heart failure than those with no ready-to-eat food environments. Those closest to the bars(less than 500 meters) had a 14% higher risk than those who lived the farthest away (more than 3,000 meters). (这项研究在12年的随访期间记录了近13000例心力衰竭病例，结果显示，在家附近有10家或更多即食食品商店的参与者患心力衰竭的风险比没有即食食品环境的参与者高16%。离酒吧最近（不到500米）的人比住得最远（超过3000米）的人患癌症的风险高14%。)”可知，研究人员通过比较不同参与者与不同类型食物环境的接近程度和密度来得出研究发现，这表明研究方法是通过对比来进行的。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。 由文章第五段“The researchers noted the findings suggested that creating healthier food environments and improving physical fitness facilities, along with helping more people receive higher levels of education, could reduce the increased risk of heart failure linked to quick-meal options. (研究人员指出，研究结果表明，创造更健康的饮食环境，改善健身设施，以及帮助更多的人接受更高水平的教育，可以降低与快餐选择相关的心力衰竭风险。)”可知，第五段主要提出了可能的解决策略，包括改善食物环境、提升体育设施条件以及帮助更多人接受更高级别的教育。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Living near bars and fast-food restaurants could be harmful to heart health, according to a new research. These kinds of ready-to-eat food environments typically provide unhealthy foods and drinks, and have been related to cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, said Lu Qi, a head researcher at Tulane University in New Orleans. (一项新研究表明，住在酒吧和快餐店附近可能对心脏健康有害。新奥尔良杜兰大学首席研究员陆奇说，这种即食食品环境通常提供不健康的食品和饮料，并与心力衰竭等心血管疾病有关。)”可知，文章主要介绍了居住在酒吧和快餐店附近可能对心脏健康有害的研究发现，强调了食物环境对心血管疾病如心力衰竭的影响。因此，最能概括全文的标题是C项“Ready-to-eat Food Surroundings Could Harm Heart Health (即食食品环境可能损害心脏健康)”。故选C。 （23-24高一下•山东烟台•期中）Originally from the southeastern U. S., the red swamp crayfish have become an unwelcomed world traveler. They have dried wetlands in Europe and destroyed rice crops in Asia. These invasive (入侵的) crayfish are mobile and end anger native species. In the U. S., they are spread by private owners or lab researchers releasing unwanted ones into ponds and rivers. For their damaging nature, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) will by no means give up fighting against them. In 2017, the red swamp crayfish found its first Michigan home in a hotel pond. Over the years, researchers and workers have caught and removed more than 150,000 crayfish from the ponds but still see no end to completely removing them. They lay so many eggs, dig holes and can live anywhere. They outcompete native species for food and space. They have even spread across the city areas to the countryside waters. Their natural behavior and habits of digging holes make them a danger to native species and construction structures along the waterways. If left uncontrolled, they could damage water quality, wetlands, riverbanks and wild rice beds completely. Present methods of controlling the population include daily catching, hole filling and others. All of these approaches take a significant amount of time, money and scientific expert knowledge and skills. With the species continuing to enter waterways, the need to control its populations and protect native species is pressing for protecting the environment and the ecosystem. The team of researchers badly needs to develop new techniques. “We hope to find effective methods of management. The important thing is that we need a rapid combination of lab findings with field application,” said Kathleen, a crayfish biologist. “People are paying attention because the problems caused by the crayfish exist (存在) not just in Michigan, but in the entire Great Lakes basin,” said Kathleen. “This species can be really harmful to our natural resources in Michigan. If you like to get outdoors and see clean water, then you should care about this. We need further and continuous efforts to prevent similar situations from happening.” 1．Why are the red swamp crayfish unpopular with people? A．They attack local fishermen at times. B．They have eaten up all the species in water. C．They are used to living in fixed water areas. D．They greatly damage the ecological environment. 2．What makes the red swamp crayfish hard to remove? A．Their rapid speed of escape. B．Their strong reproducing ability. C．Their lack of natural enemies. D．Their particular feeding habits. 3．How are the present methods of controlling the crayfish? A．Convenient and creative. B．Practical and effective. C．Complex and dangerous. D．Time-consuming and costly. 4．What message does the text deliver? A．Living in harmony with nature is far from achievable. B．The crayfish have almost died out in the United States. C．There is still a long way to go in managing the crayfish. D．People have lost confidence in controlling invasive species. 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了红沼泽小龙虾作为一种入侵物种对全球多个地区的生态环境造成的负面影响，以及当前控制其数量所面临的挑战和采取的措施，同时强调了持续努力管理这些入侵物种的重要性。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中的“They have dried wetlands in Europe and destroyed rice crops in Asia. These invasive (入侵的) crayfish are mobile and end anger native species. In the U. S., they are spread by private owners or lab researchers releasing unwanted ones into ponds and rivers. For their damaging nature, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) will by no means give up fighting against them. (它们使欧洲的湿地干涸，摧毁了亚洲的水稻作物。这些入侵的小龙虾是移动的，最终激怒了本地物种。在美国，它们是由私人所有者或实验室研究人员向池塘和河流中释放不需要的细菌传播的。由于它们具有破坏性，美国鱼类和野生动物管理局（FWS）绝不会放弃与它们的斗争。)”可知，作为入侵物种威胁到本土物种，红沼泽小龙虾对生态环境造成了巨大破坏。故选D。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“They lay so many eggs, dig holes and can live anywhere. (它们下很多蛋，钻洞，可以在任何地方生活。)”可知，红沼泽小龙虾难以根除是因为它们强大的繁殖能力和适应各种生存环境的能力。故选B。 3．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Present methods of controlling the population include daily catching, hole filling and others. All of these approaches take a significant amount of time, money and scientific expert knowledge and skills. (目前控制其数量的方法包括每日捕获、填洞等。所有这些方法都需要大量的时间、金钱和科学专家的知识和技能。)”可知，目前控制小龙虾数量的方法都需要大量的时间、金钱以及科学专业知识和技能，因此是耗时且成本高昂的。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段““People are paying attention because the problems caused by the crayfish exist (存在) not just in Michigan, but in the entire Great Lakes basin,” said Kathleen. “This species can be really harmful to our natural resources in Michigan. If you like to get outdoors and see clean water, then you should care about this. We need further and continuous efforts to prevent similar situations from happening.” (凯瑟琳说：“人们正在关注，因为小龙虾造成的问题不仅存在于密歇根州，而且存在于整个五大湖盆地。”“这个物种对密歇根州的自然资源真的很有害。如果你喜欢到户外去看干净的水，那么你应该关心这个。我们需要进一步和持续的努力来防止类似的情况再次发生。”)”可知，尽管已经采取了一些措施来控制红沼泽小龙虾的数量，但仍然有很长的路要走。故选C。 （23-24高一下•山东菏泽•期中）Lake Victoria is best known to the general public following the introduction of the 2004 documentary Darwin’s Nightmare, which focuses on the environmental and social effects of the Nile perch (河鲈) fishing industry. The Nile perch is the largest freshwater fish, which can grow up to two metres long and weigh 200kg. Its introduction into Lake Victoria in the 1950s and its rapid population growth in the 1960s gradually wiped out the native fish species living in the lake, causing a major ecological disaster. Today, the Nile perch population can be found everywhere but has reduced slightly due to overfishing, allowing some species to partially recover. What is less well known, and perhaps interacting with the presence of the Nile perch, but equally damaging to the ecosystem, is the general water quality of the lake. “This declined sharply between the 1960s and the 1990s due to eutrophication (富营养化), which is caused by increased inputs of nutrients (营养物) into the water bodies as a result of increased human activities in the catchment area.” explains Alberto Borges, FNRS Research Director at the Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography from the University of Liege. From 2018 to 2019, a research team led by Alberto Borges, studied the biomass (生物量) and composition of phytoplankton (浮游植物) as well as the nutrient status of the lake during three scientific missions. This study shows that the phytoplankton camass has decreased by about seven times compared to the 1990s.” says the researchers. “and that the species composition has also changed in a subtle way.” What seems to be good news for the environment of Lake Victoria may only be on the surface. “This means that the current improvement in water quality in Lake Victoria may only be temporary and that conditions could become worse again in the future due to continued climate warming.” says Alberto Borges. 1．Why was the documentary Darwin’s Nightmare made in 2004? A．To honor Darwin’s great contributions. B．To make Lake Victoria known to the world. C．To record the serious pollution in Lake Victoria. D．To show how the Nile perch fishing industry affected Lake Victoria. 2．What do we know about the introduction of Nile perch into Lake Victoria? A．It was disastrous to Lake Victoria. B．It helped control other species in Lake Victoria. C．It benefited the fishermen a lot in Lake Victoria area. D．It greatly improved the water quality in Lake Victoria. 3．What mainly makes eutrophication in Lake Victoria happen? A．The fishing industry. B．The decreased number of fish. C．The decrease of phytoplankton. D．More and more inputs of nutrients. 4．What’s Alberto Borges’ attitude to the future of Lake Victoria? A．Hopeful. B．Deeply concerned. C．Indifferent D．Cautiously optimistic 1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍尼罗河鲈鱼捕捞业对维多利亚湖的社会和环境影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Lake Victoria is best known to the general public following the introduction of the 2004 documentary Darwin’s Nightmare, which focuses on the environmental and social effects of the Nile perch(河鲈) fishing industry. (维多利亚湖在2004年的纪录片《达尔文的噩梦》(Darwin 's Nightmare)推出后为公众所熟知，该纪录片关注的是尼罗河鲈鱼捕鱼业对环境和社会的影响。)”可知，拍摄纪录片《达尔文的噩梦》展示尼罗河鲈鱼捕捞业对维多利亚湖的影响。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“Its introduction into Lake Victoria in the 1950s and its rapid population growth in the 1960s gradually wiped out the native fish species living in the lake, causing a major ecological disaster. (它在20世纪50年代被引入维多利亚湖，其数量在20世纪60年代迅速增长，逐渐消灭了生活在湖中的本地鱼类。)”和第三段“From 2018 to 2019, a research team led by Alberto Borges, studied the biomass (生物量) and composition of phytoplankton (浮游植物) as well as the nutrient status of the lake during three scientific missions. This study shows that the phytoplankton camass has decreased by about seven times compared to the 1990s.” says the researchers. “and that the species composition has also changed in a subtle way.” What seems to be good news for the environment of Lake Victoria may only be on the surface. (从2018年到2019年，阿尔贝托·博尔赫斯(Alberto Borges)领导的一个研究小组在三次科学任务中研究了浮游植物的生物量和组成以及湖泊的营养状况。该研究表明，与20世纪90年代相比，浮游植物的数量减少了约7倍。研究人员说。“物种组成也以一种微妙的方式发生了变化。”似乎对维多利亚湖环境有利的消息可能只是表面上的。)”可推断，尼罗河鲈鱼被引入维多利亚湖是灾难性的，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段““This declined sharply between the 1960s and the 1990s due to eutrophication (富营养化), which is caused by increased inputs of nutrients (营养物) into the water bodies as a result of increased human activities in the catchment area.” explains Alberto Borges, FNRS Research Director at the Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography from the University of Liege. (“由于富营养化，这一数字在20世纪60年代至90年代期间急剧下降，富营养化是由于汇水区人类活动增加导致营养物质输入水体的增加而引起的。”列日大学化学海洋学实验室FNRS研究主任阿尔贝托·博尔赫斯解释说。” )可知，维多利亚湖发生富营养化的主要原因是越来越多的养分投入。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““This means that the current improvement in water quality in Lake Victoria may only be temporary and that conditions could become worse again in the future due to continued climate warming.” says Alberto Borges. (“这意味着目前维多利亚湖水质的改善可能只是暂时的，由于气候持续变暖，未来情况可能会再次恶化。”阿尔贝托·博尔赫斯说。)”可推断阿尔贝托·博尔赫斯对维多利亚湖的未来是深切关注的，故选B。 （23-24高一下•山东名校•期中）I love watching football games and couldn’t help but notice how many footballers chew gum while playing! I always thought of it as a choking danger, so why would they risk it? When we chew something, the receptors in our mouth that sense taste and pressure from the jaw movements start firing and sending electrical signals to the brain. These electrical nervous system signals move to the brain, which works to understand these signals. This added brain activity places the mind in a more attentive state, which is why focus and concentration are improved. Additionally, chewing gum has been reported to decrease stress and anxiety levels. The brain activity stimulated (刺激) by chewing gum occurs mainly in the prefrontal cortex, the front part of the brain responsible for decision-making and emotional regulation. When chewing gum, the prefrontal cortex is activated, leading to the release of a “feel-good” neurotransmitter called dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine is known to promote a sense of pleasure and reward, helping to relieve feelings of stress and anxiety. So does this mean that the harder you chew, the better the focus levels? Yes…to an extent. Chewing harder gum does boost attention more than softer gum. Similarly, chewing flavored gum is better for cognitive (认知) functioning, as it activates more receptors in the mouth than chewing flavorless gum. With lower stress levels and better focus, athletes have better decision-making abilities in the middle of the game. It also helps them keep their anxiety levels in check during big games. Chewing gum does give your body a little boost, lifting up your spirits. That explains why athletes prefer chewing gum while playing a sport. But for the sake of safety, you’d better chew just one piece to reduce the choking risk. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．Chewing gum during games. B．Suffering from sports injuries. C．Swallowing gum for pleasure. D．Choking while watching games. 2．How can chewing help improve focus? A．By affecting digestive system. B．By releasing high pressure. C．By adding muscle strength. D．By stimulating the brain. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Gum proves a healthy snack for athletes. B．Chewing gum benefits mental health. C．Dopamine contributes to better focus. D．Brain activity helps relieve anxiety. 4．What is the author’s attitude to chewing gum? A．Hopeful. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了足球运动员在比赛时嚼口香糖的原因。嚼口香糖可以提高注意力和集中力。此外，嚼口香糖还能降低压力和焦虑水平。但为了安全起见，建议只嚼一块口香糖以减少窒息风险。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“I love watching football games and couldn’t help but notice how many footballers chew gum while playing!(我喜欢看足球比赛，而且忍不住注意到有多少足球运动员在比赛时嚼口香糖！)”以及“I always thought of it as a choking danger(我一直认为这是一种窒息的危险。)”可知，作者总是会看到很多足球运动员在比赛时嚼口香糖，作者认为这是一种窒息的风险，可是为什么有人愿意冒这个风险即冒着在比赛时嚼口香糖有可能会窒息的风险。故划线词指代的内容与A选项“Chewing gum during games.(在比赛时嚼口香糖。)”相符。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When we chew something, the receptors in our mouth that sense taste and pressure from the jaw movements start firing and sending electrical signals to the brain. (当我们咀嚼东西时，我们嘴里的感受器负责感知颚部运动的味道和压力，并向大脑发送电波信号。)”以及本段中“These electrical nervous system signals move to the brain, which works to understand these signals. This added brain activity places the mind in a more attentive state, which is why focus and concentration are improved.( 这些电子神经系统信号传递到大脑，大脑负责理解这些信号。这种增加的大脑活动使大脑处于更专注的状态，这就是为什么注意力和集中力得到提高。)”可知，嚼东西时口腔内的感受器会向大脑发送信号，这种大脑活动使大脑更加警觉，从而提高了注意力和集中力。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Additionally, chewing gum has been reported to decrease stress and anxiety levels. (此外，据报道，嚼口香糖可以减少压力和焦虑水平。)”以及“When chewing gum, the prefrontal cortex is activated, leading to the release of a “feel-good” neurotransmitter called dopamine(多巴胺). Dopamine is known to promote a sense of pleasure and reward, helping to relieve feelings of stress and anxiety.(嚼口香糖时，前额皮质被激活，导致释放一种叫做多巴胺的“感觉良好”的神经递质。众所周知，多巴胺能促进愉悦感和奖励感，有助于缓解压力和焦虑感。)”可知，第三段主要讨论了嚼口香糖如何通过激活大脑的前额叶皮层，释放多巴胺来降低压力和焦虑水平，这对心理健康有益。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With lower stress levels and better focus, athletes have better decision-making abilities in the middle of the game. It also helps them keep their anxiety levels in check during big games. Chewing gum does give your body a little boost, lifting up your spirits. (由于压力水平较低，注意力较集中，运动员在比赛中有更好的决策能力。这也有助于他们在大型比赛期间控制焦虑水平。嚼口香糖确实能给你的身体一点刺激，提振你的精神。)”可知，作者在最后一段中提到，嚼口香糖可以提升情绪，提升运动员的注意力以及控制焦虑水平。这表明作者对嚼口香糖持支持态度。故选B。 （23-24高一下•山东菏泽•期中）Since the pandemic (流行病) hit, we’re on video calls more than ever before, and many are finding it extremely tiring. Being on a video call requires more focus than a face-to-face chat, says Gianpiero Petriglien, an associate professor at Insead. Video chats mean we need to work harder to process facial expressions, the tone and pitch of the voice, and body language: paying more attention to these consumes a lot of energy. “Our minds are together when our bodies feel we’re not. That causes people to have conflicting (互相冲突) feelings, and i: is exhausting You cannot relax into the conversation naturally.” he says. “Silence is another challenge.” he adds. “Silence creates a natural rhythm in a real-life conversation. However, when it happens in a video call, you become anxious about the technology.” It also makes people uncomfortable. One 2014 study by German Scholars showed that delays (延迟) on phone or conferencing systems shaped our unpleasant views of people: even delays of 1.2 seconds made people regard the responder as less friendly or focused. An added factor, says Marissa Shulffer, an associate professor at Clemson University, is that if we are physically on camera, we are very aware of being watched. “When you’re on a video conference, you knew everybody’s looking at you; you are on stage, so there comes the social pressure and feeling like you need to perform. Being performative is nerve-wracking.” It’s also very hard for people not to look at their own face if they can see it on screen, or not to be conscious (有意识的) of how they behave in front of the camera. Both experts suggest limiting video calls to those that are necessary. Turning on the camera should be optional and is general there should be more understanding that cameras do not always have to be on throughout teach meeting. Having your screen off to the side, instead of straight ahead, could also help your concentration, particularly in group meetings, says Petriglien. It makes you feel like you’re in a next-door room, so you may be less bring. 1．What does Gianpiero Petriglien think of video calls? A．They need more concentration. B．They go on more naturally. C．They are more relaxing. D．They take longer time. 2．What makes people uncomfortable according to the 2014 study? A．Facial expressions. B．Occasional silence. C．Processing body language D．Not receiving a timely reply 3．What does the underlined word “nerve-wracking” in Paragraph 4mean? A．Causing excitement. B．Causing disappointment. C．Making one feel nervous. D．Making one feel surprised. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．The convenience of video chats. B．Why video chats are so exhausting. C．The development of mobile phones. D．What technological development brings 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了疫情导致频繁视频通话，但是许多人发现十分累人，文章主要说明了导致视频聊天累人的原因以及专家给出了建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Being on a video call requires more focus than a face-to-face chat, says Gianpiero Petriglien, an associate professor at Insead.(欧洲工商管理学院副教授Gianpiero Petriglien表示，与面对面聊天相比，视频通话需要更多的注意力)”可知，Gianpiero Petriglien认为视频通话需要更专注。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“One 2014 study by German Scholars showed that delays (延迟) on phone or conferencing systems shaped our unpleasant views of people: even delays of 1.2 seconds made people regard the responder as less friendly or focused.(德国学者2014年的一项研究表明，电话或会议系统的延迟会让我们对别人产生不愉快的看法：即使是1.2秒的延迟，也会让人们认为应答者不那么友好或注意力不集中)”可知，根据2014年的研究，没有得到及时的答复让人们感到不舒服。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When you’re on a video conference, you knew everybody’s looking at you; you are on stage, so there comes the social pressure and feeling like you need to perform.(当你参加视频会议时，你知道每个人都在看着你；你站在舞台上，所以会有社会压力，感觉你需要表演)”可知，参加视频会议需要进行有压力的表演，即表演让人感到紧张。故划线词意思是“使人感到紧张”，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Since the pandemic (流行病) hit, we’re on video calls more than ever before, and many are finding it extremely tiring.(自疫情爆发以来，我们进行视频通话的次数比以往任何时候都多，许多人发现这非常累人)”结合文章主要说明了疫情导致频繁视频通话，但是许多人发现十分累人，文章主要说明了导致视频聊天累人的原因以及专家给出了建议。可知，这篇文章主要讲了为什么视频聊天那么累人。故选B。 （23-24高一下•山东日照•期中）When we talk about protecting the environment and sustainability, we focus on factories and industries that produce cars, household objects, and materials used in production. However, the carbon footprint of the fast fashion industry is sizeable and should not be overlooked. Fast fashion has seen quite the rise recently, with stores spreading far and wide all over the world. They mass-produce one collection after the other, always on trend, and always encouraging consumers to follow the said trend. However, what about the impact this kind of business model has on the environment? The clothing industry is the second-highest polluter of water. Factories of fast fashion poured poisonous chemicals into clean water supplies because clothing production is a land-and water-intensive industry, responsible for 10% of all carbon release globally. Even after the clothes are produced in factories, they can still affect the environment. For example, polyester (涤纶) can release plastic microfibres into the water system, which contributes to the already existing plastic problem. The fashion industry is indeed causing great harm to the environment; moreover, the clothes being made are not meant to last. In most cases, the quality is not there, and the clothes are only used a few times before being discarded. Before the rise of fast fashion, clothes were made to last and were not meant to have the high turnover that clothes have. There are many designers who are committed to mass-producing their clothes in sustainable ways. Some big brands are also trying to make improvements in the materials they use and the mass-producing process, but big efforts are needed if we are going to see a change. What we as consumers can do is shop consciously and consider how the clothes have been made and whether we truly need that piece or not. 1．What can be inferred about fast fashion from the first two paragraphs? A．It stresses offline sales. B．It affects the environment seriously. C．It is a sustainable industry worldwide. D．It is popular among young consumers. 2．What is the impact of polyester mentioned in paragraph 3? A．It makes clothing last long. B．It reduces carbon footprint. C．It results in water pollution. D．It lowers the production cost. 3．What does the underlined word “discarded” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Thrown away. B．Picked up. C．Passed down. D．Turned in. 4．What should consumers do to protect the environment according to the text? A．Support big fashion brands. B．Stop buying long-lasting clothes. C．Think twice before shopping for clothes. D．Change dressing styles frequently. 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了快时尚产业对环境的严重影响，包括水资源污染和碳排放问题，并呼吁消费者有意识地购物，支持可持续发展的服装品牌。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“However, the carbon footprint of the fast fashion industry is sizeable and should not be overlooked. (然而，快时尚产业的碳足迹相当大，不容忽视。)”以及第二段“They mass-produce one collection after the other, always on trend, and always encouraging consumers to follow the said trend. However, what about the impact this kind of business model has on the environment?(他们批量生产一个又一个系列，始终紧跟潮流，并始终鼓励消费者追随上述潮流。然而，这种商业模式对环境的影响又如何呢？)”可知，快时尚批量生产一个又一个系列，碳足迹相当大，对环境产生了严重的影响，故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For example, polyester can release plastic microfibres into the water system, which contributes to the already existing plastic problem. (例如，涤纶可以将塑料微纤维释放到水系统中，这加剧了已经存在的塑料问题。)”可知，涤纶会将塑料微纤维释放到水系统中，这会加剧现存的塑料污染问题，由此推断涤纶会造成水污染，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“In most cases, the quality is not there, and the clothes are only used a few times before being discarded. (在大多数情况下，衣服的质量并不好，它们只被穿了几次就discarded。)”可知，有些衣服只穿过几次，这就意味着他们被丢弃了，discard和throw away意思接近，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“What we as consumers can do is shop consciously and consider how the clothes have been made and whether we truly need that piece or not. (作为消费者，我们可以做的是有意识地购物，并考虑衣服是如何制作的，以及我们是否真的需要那件衣服。)”可知，作为消费者，我们可以做的是有意识地购物，购买衣服时要考虑衣服是如何制作的，以及我们是否真的需要这件衣服，即买衣服之前要三思，故选C。 （23-24高一下•山东潍坊•期中）Human voices cause considerably more fear in wild animals than the sound of lions, a study in South Africa has found. The Kruger National Park is a popular safari (观兽旅行) destination and is known for its diverse wildlife. Scientists played recordings of people talking normally through speakers hidden at water holes in the Kruger National Park. About 95% of animals were extremely frightened and quickly ran away. Surprisingly, recordings of growling lions brought about significantly less alarm. Some elephants, in response to the big catcalls, even attempted to face the source of the sound. The human speech they chose to play included local languages commonly spoken in the country. The study’s findings suggest that the animals, which include antelopes, elephants, giraffes, leopards and wild pigs, have learnt that contact with humans is extremely dangerous, due to hunting, gun use and the use of dogs to catch them. Over the years, the encroachment (入侵) of human settlements into wildlife habitats and hunting have led to a deep-seated fear of humans among wildlife. The fear goes beyond the Kruger National Park, showing a global pattern where wildlife tends to fear humans more than any other enemies, according to the study. This fear of humans is a challenge for areas that rely on wildlife tourism, as the human visitors they want to attract are scaring off the animals they have come to see. The study opens up the potential to protect weak species in these ecosystems. Human sounds, when used appropriately, could help protect wildlife against illegal hunting. This research also highlights the great importance of respectful and responsible wildlife tourism. One thing is clear: the need for a balanced approach to wildlife conservation and tourism has never been greater. As we step into their world, we must remember that we are visitors and that they are rightful inhabitants. 1．How was the study conducted in paragraph 2? A．By making comparison. B．By raising questions. C．By studying the recordings. D．By presenting previous researches. 2．Why are the animals alarmed about human voice? A．The voice of human is scary. B．Human presence threatens them. C．Human beings are stronger than them. D．They are sensitive to the sounds in nature. 3．What will the animal’s fear of humans lead to according to paragraph 4? A．Human visitors will be safer. B．Animal species will be reduced. C．Wildlife tourism will suffer loss. D．Wild animals will be more dangerous. 4．What is the significance of the study? A．Illegal hunting can be prevented. B．Wildlife habitats will get enlarged. C．A new way to protect wildlife is inspired. D．The balance between human and nature is strengthened. 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。南非的一项研究发现，人类的声音比狮子的声音更能引起野生动物的恐惧。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及动物恐惧人类声音的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists played recordings of people talking normally through speakers hidden at water holes in the Kruger National Park. About 95% of animals were extremely frightened and quickly ran away. Surprisingly, recordings of growling lions brought about significantly less alarm. Some elephants, in response to the big catcalls, even attempted to face the source of the sound.(科学家们通过隐藏在克鲁格国家公园水坑里的扬声器播放了人们正常说话的录音。大约95%的动物非常害怕，迅速逃跑。令人惊讶的是，狮子咆哮的录音带来的警报要少得多。一些大象，为了回应巨大的嘘声，甚至试图面对声音的来源)”可知，第2段中的研究通过比较进行。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The study’s findings suggest that the animals, which include antelopes, elephants, giraffes, leopards and wild pigs, have learnt that contact with humans is extremely dangerous, due to hunting, gun use and the use of dogs to catch them.(研究结果表明，包括羚羊、大象、长颈鹿、豹子和野猪在内的动物已经知道，与人类接触是极其危险的，因为它们会被狩猎、使用枪支和用狗来捕捉它们)”可知，动物对人的声音感到害怕因为人类的存在威胁着它们。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“This fear of humans is a challenge for areas that rely on wildlife tourism, as the human visitors they want to attract are scaring off the animals they have come to see.(对于依赖野生动物旅游的地区来说，这种对人类的恐惧是一个挑战，因为他们想吸引的人类游客会吓跑他们来看的动物)”可知，动物对人类的恐惧会导致野生动物旅游将遭受损失。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The study opens up the potential to protect weak species in these ecosystems. Human sounds, when used appropriately, could help protect wildlife against illegal hunting.(这项研究开启了保护这些生态系统中脆弱物种的潜力。如果使用得当，人类的声音可以帮助保护野生动物免受非法狩猎)”可知，这项研究的意义是一种保护野生动物的新方法受到启发。故选C。 （23-24高一下•山东济宁•期中）One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might someday get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world. TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors. Each of us has a place in nature where we go sometimes, even if it is torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. “If the decrease in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment (蚕食)?” asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods. Without having a nature experience, kids can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress levels, creativity and cognitive (认知的) skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poorer health than their parents — and a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature exposure. Even a small outdoor experience can create wonder in a child. The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world.   Kids are not responsible. They are just over-protected and frightened. It is dangerous outdoors from time to time, but when repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite (仪式) during the children’s growth, it can be more dangerous. We should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring nature and taking friendship in fields and woods that cement love, respect and need for landscape. As parents, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To show the great damage done to nature. B．To recommend a popular book to the public. C．To stress the necessity of kid’s going outdoors. D．To raise the awareness of environmental protection. 2．What may happen to children without a nature experience? A．They’ll surely become a failure. B．They’ll keep a high sense of wonder. C．They may suffer physically and mentally. D．They can develop better social skills. 3．What does the author think of children’s breaking an arm? A．It is not a bad thing in a sense. B．It is caused by the careless parents. C．It should be taken seriously. D．It could be prevented from happening. 4．What does the underlined word “cement” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Lack. B．Strengthen. C．Prove. D．Require. 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章作者从一些孩子缺乏对户外和自然的了解引发的一些问题，表达了对孩子成长经历的担忧。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Each of us has a place in nature where we go sometimes, even if it is torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes.(我们每个人在大自然中都有一个地方，有时我们会去那里，即使它被拆毁了。我们不可能是拥有那个地方的最后一代人。照这样下去，那些错过户外奇观的孩子长大后将不会成为自然景观的保护者。)”可知，第二段写作目的是强调孩子们去户外的必要性。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Without having a nature experience, kids can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress levels, creativity and cognitive (认知的) skills.( 没有大自然的体验，孩子们可以表现得很好，但他们失去了生活中丰富的东西。这适用于他们的身体健康和心理健康，压力水平，创造力和认知技能。)”可知，没有经历过自然的孩子错失了丰富其生活的机会，无论是身体健康还是心理健康都受到影响。由此可推知，没有经历过自然的孩子在生理和心理上都不太健康。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It is dangerous outdoors from time to time, but when repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite (仪式) during the children’s growth, it can be more dangerous.(户外有时很危险，但当孩子们在成长过程中，重复性的电脑压力取代了摔断手臂这样的童年仪式时，这可能更加危险。)”可知，作者认为摔断手臂在某种程度上并不是一件坏事。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据上文“We should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring nature and taking friendship in fields and woods(我们应该帮助我们的孩子重新获得一些探索自然的自由和快乐，以及在田野和树林中建立友谊)”可知，孩子们在田野和树林里建立友谊可以加强他们对景观的爱、尊重和需要，因此可以推断出“cement”的意思应该是“加强”。故选B。 （23-24高一下•山东淄博•期中）In recent years, China’s second-hand economy has been growing steadily. One second-hand book platform by the name of Duozhuayu, meaning catching more fish, has gained a lot of followers in just a few years. Here at the book store in Beijing, bookworms are filling up the space for books still in good condition and also at reduced prices. The company operates with a model of buying，repairing, sterilizing (消毒) and selling used books. Their service has caused more young Chinese to cast away old thinking of refusing used things and to explore the value of used things. “For second-hand items, people used to think they are of low quality. But the kind of second-hand items that truly circulates (传播) well is of high-quality. Books belong to that category (种类). Here we believe that truly valuable items are worth buying twice,” Chen Tuo, co-founder of the company said. The company hopes for a win-win situation in the market, where buyers could deal with used books more conveniently and buyers could buy them cheaply. The sharing of books also means more choices for readers than those offered by regular bookstores. According to Chen Tuo, the bookstore also has a feature online that allows customers to put a particular book on demand, and the system will inform you if it becomes available. The store relies heavily on data that keep records of books being accepted or refused. “From sales data in the past year, we’ve observed that books about psychology, finance and self management were among the most popular while books related to tourism didn’t sell that well. These data really help us make better decisions.” Chen said. In a society where traditional books face competition from e-books, the bookstore hopes to popularize physical books, and to improve customer experience. Now with two offline stores in Beijing and Shanghai, the bookstore is adding more second-hand items to their lists, including kindles and clothing. The company says recycling is not just for economy, but for a lifestyle worth trying. 1．What can we learn about Duozhuayu in paragraph 1? A．It sells fish products. B．It is becoming popular. C．It is a newly-built bookstore. D．It mainly serves young people. 2．What does the underlined phrase “cast away” in paragraph 2 mean? A．understand. B．develop. C．compare. D．abandon. 3．How do the data help the bookstore? A．They can tell which books are the best. B．They show how often people visit it. C．They reflect people’s reading preferences. D．They can make decisions for the owners. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Second-hand book platform brings new life to used books B．Second-hand book platform is faced with a difficult situation C．Second-hand book platform is changing people’s reading habits D．Second-hand book platform meets the needs of different readers 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了近年来，中国的二手经济一直稳步增长，其中一个名为“多抓鱼”的二手书平台很受欢迎。他们的服务改变了很多年轻人对旧物品的拒绝态度，促使大家开始探索二手书的价值，从而影响并改变着大家的生活方式。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“One second-hand book platform by the name of Duozhuayu, meaning catching more fish, has gained a lot of followers in just a few years.(一个名为“多抓鱼”的二手书平台在短短几年内就吸引了大量粉丝)”可知，“多抓鱼”很受欢迎。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Their service has caused more young Chinese to(他们的服务吸引了更多的中国年轻人)”以及后文“old thinking of refusing used things and to explore the value of used things.(拒绝使用旧物品的想法，而去探索用过的东西的价值)”可知，他们的服务促使更多的中国年轻人探索旧物品的价值，所以推知更多的年轻人放弃了拒绝使用旧物品的想法。故划线词意思是“放弃”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“From sales data in the past year, we’ve observed that books about psychology, finance and self management were among the most popular while books related to tourism didn’t sell that well.(从过去一年的销售数据来看，我们发现心理学、金融和自我管理类书籍最受欢迎，而与旅游相关的书籍卖得不太好)”可知销售数据可以反映出人们的阅读偏好。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“One second-hand book platform by the name of Duozhuayu, meaning catching more fish, has gained a lot of followers in just a few years.(一个名为“多抓鱼”的二手书平台在短短几年内就吸引了大量粉丝)”结合文章主要说明了近年来，一个名为“多抓鱼”的二手书平台很受欢迎。他们的服务改变了很多年轻人对旧物品的拒绝态度，促使大家开始探索二手书的价值，从而使二手书市场焕发生机。故A选项“二手书平台给二手书带来了新的生命”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （23-24高一下•山东潍坊•期中）Kurt, one of Australian most respected and recognized athletes, has won over 40 marathons, including New York, Chicago and London, in his career of more than 20 years. He became the first athlete with a disability to win The Don Award-given to honor those whose achievements inspire the whole nation — in the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2018. Kurt has always been determined. Being born without the lower part of his spine (脊椎) has never held him back, from backyard games of football to crewing an attractive Sydney to Hobart ship and winning dozens of marathons around the world. Growing up in a large and loving family in the small town of Carcoar, Kurt was encouraged to make the most of every opportunity, and he did. He took on almost every challenge presented to him, encouraged by his parents. He even managed to move himself on his elbows up and down hills at an early age. Turning his attention to wheelchair sports in his teens, Kurt quickly became a world beater. He started his career with two silver medals at the 2000 Sydney Paralympic Games, before making his winning breakthrough at the 2004 Athens Paralympics with gold medals in the 5,000m and marathon races. Following the 2004 Paralympics, Kurt conquered the world, winning seven world championships and more than 30 marathons around the globe. Kurt is a person who supports the rights of people with disabilities. He throws himself into a number of charitable activities. For example, in 2009, Kurt spent two weeks crawling (爬) the 96 kilometer Kokoda Track to raise awareness and money for people’s health charity. While Kurt’s athletic career is over, his commitment (投入) to sports and support for people with disabilities live on in so many different forms. Kurt believes that people with disabilities should be given more opportunities. 1．What does paragraph 1 tell us about Kurt? A．He contributed a lot to American spirit. B．He is the most popular marathon athlete. C．He is the first athlete to win the Don Award. D．He is a disabled athlete with great achievements. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Kurt’s living conditions were poor. B．Kurt’s parents were strict with him. C．Kurt’s tough life inspired his creation. D．Kurt’s childhood saw his determination. 3．Who will benefit from Kurt’s charitable activities probably? A．A sick teenager. B．A blind boy. C．An injured athlete. D．A potential champion. 4．What does Kurt’s story tell us? A．Learn to walk before your run. B．Ups and downs make one strong. C．Become the light and warm others. D．Disability is a force for great progress. 1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚运动员Kurt取得了非凡的成绩，同时他还致力于慈善事业，帮助残疾人。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Kurt, one of Australian most respected and recognized athletes, has won over 40 marathons, including New York, Chicago and London, in his career of more than 20 years. He became the first athlete with a disability to win The Don Award-given to honor those whose achievements inspire the whole nation—in the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2018. (库尔特是澳大利亚最受尊敬和认可的运动员之一，在他20多年的职业生涯中，他赢得了40多场马拉松比赛，包括纽约、芝加哥和伦敦。2018年，他成为首位在澳大利亚体育名人堂获得唐奖的残疾运动员。唐奖是为了表彰那些成就激励了整个国家的人。)”可知，第一段告诉库尔特是一位成绩斐然的残疾运动员。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Growing up in a large and loving family in the small town of Carcoar, Kurt was encouraged to make the most of every opportunity, and he did. He took on almost every challenge presented to him, encouraged by his parents. He even managed to move himself on his elbows up and down hills at an early age. (库尔特在卡科小镇一个充满爱的大家庭中长大，他被鼓励要充分利用每一个机会，他也做到了。在父母的鼓励下，他接受了几乎所有的挑战。他甚至在很小的时候就能靠自己的胳膊肘上下山坡。)”可知，库尔特的童年见证了他的决心。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Kurt is a person who supports the rights of people with disabilities. He throws himself into a number of charitable activities. (库尔特是一个支持残疾人权利的人。他投身于许多慈善活动。)”可知，一个盲人男孩可能会从库尔特的慈善活动中受益。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While Kurt’s athletic career is over, his commitment (投入) to sports and support for people with disabilities live on in so many different forms. Kurt believes that people with disabilities should be given more opportunities. (虽然库尔特的运动生涯结束了，但他对体育的承诺和对残疾人的支持以各种不同的形式继续存在。库尔特认为残疾人应该得到更多的机会。)”结合文章主要介绍了澳大利亚运动员Kurt取得了非凡的成绩，同时他还致力于慈善事业，帮助残疾人。可知，库尔特的故事告诉我们成为别人的光和温暖。故选C。 2 / 32 1 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$