考点清单02 重点语法与单元写作梳理【精讲精练】-2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期中考点大串讲(鲁教版五四制）

专题02 重点语法与单元写作梳理 目录 语法知识 写作主题 Unit 1 when 和how long 的用法 我们钦佩的人(名人) Unit 2 反意疑问句 闲聊 Unit 3 动词不定式 想参观的地方 Unit 4 by的用法 如何学习 第一部分 语法知识 when 和how long 的用法 1.when的用法 2.how long的用法 【例句】 1.她什么时候起床? When does she get up? 2.你将在北京住多长时间? How long will you live in Beijing? 3.当我学习骑自行车时,我大约六岁。 I was about six years old when I learned to ride a bike. 4.这本书我能借多长时间? How long can I keep this book? 5.你叔叔是什么时候开始收集硬币的? When did your uncle start collecting coins? 反意疑问句 一、概述 二、反意疑问句特殊形式 1.当陈述部分含有little,few,never,hardly,seldom,no,neither,nobody,nothing,none等否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。 2.当陈述部分有表示否定意义的词,如unhappy,dislike,careless等含否定词缀的派生词时,仍按肯定句对待,后面的疑问部分用否定形式。 3.当陈述部分为祈使句时,疑问部分通常用 will you。 4.当陈述部分是以Let’s开头的祈使句时,疑问部分用shall we;但当陈述部分是以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句时,疑问部分用will you。 5.当陈述部分为 there be结构时,疑问部分的谓语用与陈述部分相对应的be动词或助动词,而谓语后面用there。 6.如果陈述部分主句的主语为I/We,谓语为think/believe/suppose等表示主观意愿、念头或想法的动词时,疑问部分一般要反问从句,这时要注意否定转移的情况。 7.在回答反意疑问句时,要据实回答,即:若事实是肯定的,就用yes;事实是否定的,就用no。 【注意】 疑问部分的主语和谓语与前面陈述部分的主语和谓语要保持人称及助动词等方面的一致。 (1)陈述部分的主语是something, everything等表示事物的复合不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it代替。 (2)陈述部分的主语是someone, everyone等表示人的复合不定代词时,疑问部分的主语一般用they代替。 【例句】 1.There are few people in the room,are there?  2.Something is wrong with your computer,isn’t it?  3.Somebody wants to see you,don’t they?  4.Jenny looks unhappy today,doesn’t she?  5.Listen to me carefully,will you?  6.Let’s go to the park,shall we?  7.Let us help you,will you?  8.You have never been to Beijing,have you?  9.There is nothing wrong with your car,is there?  10.Mr Green had a fight with his brother last week,didn’t he?  11.He can speak two languages,can’t he?  12.You didn’t call me yesterday,did you?  动词不定式 (一)结构 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。 (二)特征 1.动词不定式(短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。 2.动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 (三)句法作用 1.作主语: 动词不定式(短语)作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而动词不定式(短语)放于后面。有时用for/of 引出不定式的逻辑主语。其句型结构:It’s+adj.+for/of+sb.+to do sth.。 　　2.作宾语: 动词不定式(短语)作宾语时,也常用it作形式宾语,而动词不定式(短语)放于后面。 　　3.作定语: 动词不定式作定语时,若动词为不及物动词,则其后必须有相应的介词。 (四)否定形式 　　由“not+动词不定式”构成。 (五)和疑问词连用 　　动词不定式可以和what,which,how,where,when等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语。 (六)省略to 　　有些动词后用作宾语补足语的动词不定式通常不带to。这种动词有两类:一类是感官动词,如see,hear,watch,feel,notice 等;另一类是某些使役动词,如let,make,have 等。 【例句】 1.It’s necessary for us to help each other.  2.She wishes to become a movie star.  3.I don’t know how to finish so much homework on time.  4.I often hear her sing English songs. 5.It’s hard to make him change his mind. by的用法 结构 意义 by +名词/动名词短语 通过某事/做某事 by +地点名词 在……旁边;靠近 by +时间名词 到……时为止 by +交通工具、交通方式名词 “通过……,由……,乘……”,名词前不加冠词,且名词不用复数形式 by +抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词 “靠……,通过……,由……所致”,名词前不加冠词,且名词不用复数形式 by的常见短语 by the way顺便问一下,顺便说一下 one by one一个一个地　 step by step一步一步地　 by oneself独自 第二部分 单元写作 Unit 1 单元写作主题 写作主题：我们钦佩的人(名人) 写作内容：名人的生辰、经历、爱好、影响等 写作指导：1.从名人的生活经历、兴趣爱好、取得的成就等角度介绍描述其生平事迹; 2.注意介绍基本情况时常用一般现在时,介绍经历时用一般过去时。 【写作示例】 A hero in my heart 　　Almost everyone has his own hero in his heart. So do I①. But my hero is not famous or popular. He’s just a common doctor—my father②. 　　My father is very humorous. When I’m unhappy, he always tells me jokes. When I’m in trouble, he encourages me to face problems bravely.③But④ he’s strict with my studies. He always tells me to be kind and brave. He’s my good example. As a doctor, he cares about his patients. Last year, he volunteered to go to Africa to help more people. Whatever he does, he always tries his best⑤. 　　From him, I have learned that I should be brave and stick to my goals at any time. He’ll be a hero in my heart forever. I want to say to him loudly “I love you, Dad!”⑥. ①用倒装句表明自己的观点。 ②用同位语引出“我心目中的英雄”。 ③连用两个时间状语从句描述了父亲对“我”的陪伴与教育。 ④“But”一词彰显了父亲对“我”的学业的重视。 ⑤用让步状语从句突出了父亲的认真与努力。 ⑥用“I love you”抒发了“我”的感情。 Unit 2 单元写作主题 写作话题:闲聊 写作内容:闲聊的话题、注意事项等 写作指导:从闲聊的话题、注意事项等方面进行描述;正确使用一般现在时和情态动词 【写作示例】 How to make successful small talk? 　　Small talk can help people learn about each other and it’s a good way to pass the time. How to make successful small talk?① Here are some tips. 　　You may need to make small talk when you meet others. It’s a good idea to talk about the weather or something else that is not private.② You can start small talk simply by saying “It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?”③ Besides the weather, it’s good to talk about pets and sports. Of course, there are also a lot of topics to avoid during small talk, for example, don’t ask people “How old are you?” or “How much money do you make?”③ 　　If you follow the tips, you can make successful small talk.④ ①文章使用设问开头,抓住读者关心的问题,启发读者思考,有助于呈现文章的主题。 ②使用It’s + n. + to do sth. 句型以及定语从句,彰显作者语言功底。 ③使用有代表性的例子介绍闲聊应该聊什么,不应该聊什么,通俗易懂。 ④照应开头,使文章浑然一体。 Unit 3 单元写作主题 写作话题:想参观的地方 写作内容:谈论自己想要参观的地方,以及自己的梦想和希望 写作指导:1.从地理位置、景致特征、风土人情、游玩活动等方面进行描述; 2.正确使用时态描述动作。 【写作示例】 　　Hello, everyone!We are going to the Dream City this Sunday.① Let me tell you something about this tour. We are going to meet at the entrance of the Dream City at 9:00 in the morning. We will start our tour here. We are going to watch Chu Opera. And then we are going to learn traditional Chinese folk arts- paper cutting and making clay pieces. Of course,② we also have an hour of free time to do something we like, such as playing games, taking photos and so on. We are going to take the underground back to school at five in the afternoon. But it will be hot on Sunday, so we’d better wear light clothes and soft shoes.③ I hope that it will be an exciting tour and we will enjoy ourselves.③ ①开篇点题,点明我们要去the Dream City游玩。 ②Of course衔接词的使用,使文章过渡自然。 ③文章使用had better do sth., hope+that从句,enjoy oneself等表达方式,展现了深厚的语言功底。 Unit 4 单元写作主题 写作话题:如何学习 写作内容:学习方法和学习经验介绍 写作指导:正确使用介词by表示方式的用法;注意使用关于学习的词汇和句式 【写作示例】 To Be a Successful English Learner Dear schoolmates, I’m Li Hua. I’m honored to be invited here to share my ideas about how to learn English well.① 　　To be a successful English learner, we should have a good study habit and be good at thinking and solving problems. We can look up new words with the help of the dictionary. We can keep diaries every day to improve our English.② We should also make full use of learning resources.③ It’s a good habit to read newspapers, listen to English songs and watch English movies. We should improve our ability to listen, speak, read, write and learn Chinese and foreign cultures.④ When we study English, we’re sure to meet all kinds of different problems. We shouldn’t feel afraid of them. We should try our best to solve these difficulties and face the challenge.⑤ In my opinion⑥, we should read and write in English every day. To practice, we can also speak to our friends and classmates in English. Thanks for your listening. ①开篇点题,引出介绍英语学习方法这一话题。 ②运用话题词汇look up,keep diaries介绍学习方法,学以致用。 ③also的运用使上下文之间衔接更紧密。 ④从能力提升和文化素养方面提出建议,丰富写作内容。 ⑤运用try our best介绍在英语学习中如何面对困难和挑战,用词贴切且具有号召力。 ⑥用In my opinion引出自己的观点,衔接自然。 基础训练 一、单项选择 1．—When did Andy arrive in Xi’an? —Well, he ________ Xi’an for two days. A．has been to B．has been in C．has gone to D．has come in 2．Teachers should always encourage their students ________ when they meet with trouble. A．keep on B．keeping on C．to keep on D．kept on 3．Grace ________ dinner in the kitchen with her husband when Alice called her last night. A．cooks B．was cooking C．cooked D．has cooked 4．—Haven’t you seen that film? That’s the funniest one I’ve ever seen! ——Really? When _______ you _______ it? A．have; seen B．were; seeing C．will; see D．did; see 5．The tree leaves on the ground dance in all ________ when the wind comes. A．designs B．degrees C．directions D．disasters 6．— Your sister is a good girl! — That’s right. She can always look after ________ at home when we’re all out. A．herself B．myself C．yourself D．themselves 7．—When we chat with our friends online, we can use “BRB” to mean “Be right back”. —Yes. And “TTYL” ________ “Talk to you later”. A．looks for B．asks for C．stands for 8．She felt ________ when she got the news. A．worry B．worriedly C．worried D．worrily 9．—Is everything ready for the New Year Party? —I guess not. Henry and Hans ______ the room when I met them this morning. A．decorate B．decorated C．are decorating D．were decorating 10．The little girl can _______ herself when she stays at home. A．look for B．look up C．look at D．look after 11．When you go on ________ vacation in London, please take ________ umbrella with you. A．a; a B．/; an C．the; / D．/; a 12．I don’t know when ________ tomorrow. When he ________, I’ll tell you. A．will he come; arrives B．he will come; arrives C．he will come; arrive 13．When someone is in high _________, he or she has a good feeling. A．spirits B．opinions C．marks D．joy 14．My classmates _________ about the World Cup when our teacher came in. A．talk B．talked C．are talking D．were talking 15．—How long has your uncle ________ your aunt?     —Over ten years. A．married with B．married to C．got married with D．been married to 16．The music app sends a yearly ________ to show how long users listen to music every year. A．report B．result C．discussion D．instruction 17．— How long will he ________ the book? — For about two days. A．open B．buy C．borrow D．keep 18．—I wonder ________ the students have a physical examination. —Once a year. —________ is it from your school to your home? —About five minutes’ walk. A．how far; How soon B．how soon; How far C．how often; How long D．how often; How far 19．—How difficult math is! I want to give it up. — __________ you work hard, you will do better. A．As long as B．As soon as C．Even though D．Until 20．How long will cats live ________? A．be B．to be C．on D．for 21．—How long can I stay with you? —As _________ as you like. A．long B．longer C．longest D．the longest 22．—How long ________ you ________ your bread maker? —For about three months. A．did; buy B．have; bought C．have; had D．have; buy 23．—Sir, how long can I ________ this book? —You’ll have to return it to the library in a week. A．borrow B．keep C．take D．lend 24．My brother’s never been late for work, _______? A．is he B．isn’t he C．has he D．hasn’t he 25．David’s never been to Germany, _______? A．has he B．does he C．is he D．was he 26．—It’s nice to sit here chatting on the summer evening, ________? —Yes, but it’s already 10 o’clock now. A．isn’t it B．is it C．does it D．doesn’t it 27．Let’s wait and see what will happen, ________ ? A．shall we B．why not C．will you D．let us 28．—Amy never gets up early, ________ she? —________. She always goes to school early. A．is; Yes, she is B．is; No, she isn’t C．does; Yes, she does D．does; No, she doesn’t 29．—Everyone says you are an excellent engineer. You never make a mistake, do you? —________. No one is perfect (完美的) . A．Yes, never B．Yes, sometimes C．Oh, really D．No, sometimes 30．They had to finish their work before 8 o’clock, ________? A．had they B．hadn’t they C．didn’t they D．did they 31．The electric fan can hardly blow away the terrible smell in the room, ________? A．can it B．can’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it 32．There is lots of ________ about AI on the website, ________? A．message; isn’t there B．messages; is there C．information; isn’t there D．information; is there 33．Our school is more beautiful than before, ________? A．isn’t it B．is it C．doesn’t it D．does it 34．His sister had a bad cough, ________ she? A．wasn’t B．doesn’t C．hadn’t D．didn’t 35．Jim has few friends in his new school, ________? A．does he B．doesn’t he C．hasn’t he D．is he 36．—He seldom goes to cinema at the weekend, ________ he? —________. He always has a lot of homework to do. A．does; No B．does; Yes C．doesn’t; No D．doesn’t; Yes 37．—It’s very hot today, ________ ?   —Yes, it is. A．is it B．isn’t it C．is he D．isn’t he 38．—Cai Xuzhe’s already back from Tiangong Space Station, ________? —Yes. He went into space for the first time last year. A．is he B．isn’t he C．has he D．hasn’t he 39．—Your brother is seldom careless, ________ he? —________, he often does something wrong. A．isn’t; Yes B．isn’t; No C．is; Yes D．is; No 40．The man must be his assistant, ________? A．must he B．mustn’t he C．is he D．isn’t he 41．— You haven’t been to Hawaii, have you?    — ________. I hope to go there one day. A．Yes, I have B．No, I haven’t C．I’d love to D．No, I have 42．Be sure to come to see me when you are free, ________? A．don’t you B．will you C．aren’t you D．do you 43．—Linda didn’t go to the basketball final, did she? — ________. She stayed at home and packed her bag instead. A．Yes, she didn’t B．No, she did C．Yes, she did D．No, she didn’t 44．Mary didn’t know who ________ the problem at that time. A．to talk about B．will talk to about C．to talk to about D．will to talk 45．The man was _________ tired _________ go on walking. A．so; that B．very; to C．enough; to D．too; to 46．What great fun it is ________ climbing and we have great fun ________ up the rocks! A．to go; to climb B．going; to climb C．to go; climbing 47．—How long did it take the first climber _________ the top of the mountain? —At most two hours. It’s certain that he is the best at climbing of all. A．arriving B．getting to C．to arrive in D．to reach 48．It’ll be much fun ________TV at home. But I always have lots of fun ________ sports in my free time. A．to watch, to play B．watching, to play C．to watch , playing 49．Let’s try to do what we can as many animals as possible. A．saving B．save C．saves D．to save 50．The math problem is so hard. I really don’t know ________. A．how to do it B．what to do it C．how to do D．what do it 51．There’s lots of work ________ every day. There are lots of students ________ it there. A．doing; doing B．to do; to do C．to do; doing D．doing; to do 52．Millie doesn’t know who _______ this history book. A．to talk about B．talk to about C．to talk to about D．talk about to 53．Tom got up early this morning ________ catch the early bus. A．next to B．so that C．in order to D．as for 54．We can learn English well ________ hard. A．from study B．through studying C．by studying D．with study 55．Today, there are still a lot of people who prefer to _________ the Huangpu River_________ ferries. A．across; on B．cross; on C．cross; by D．across; by 56．More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work underground and go sightseeing coach. A．in; on B．by; at C．by; by D．on; in 57．As we know，sky lanterns are covered ________ paper and the red paper cutting is cut ________ scissors. A．with；with B．with；in C．by；with D．in；by 58．Billy often goes to school _______ his classmate’s bicycle. A．in B．by C．on D．with 59．—Do you usually go to school________ bus?   —No.I usually go there________ foot. A．by; with B．by; on C．on; by D．on; on 60．— I like collecting tickets, bus tickets and train tickets! —You can’t do anything ________ old tickets! A．without B．use C．with D．by提升训练 二、完成句子 61．他们在打雪仗时，忍不住大笑起来。 They when they were having a snowball fight. 62．当我长大了，我打算成为一名工程师。 When I grow up, I become an engineer. 63．玛丽在感到孤独时喜欢听音乐。 Mary likes to listening to music when she . 64．——你在北京工作多久了？ ——5年了。 —How long in Beijing? — five years. 65．建造这个图书馆花了多长时间? How long did it the library? 66．你还没见到你的老师，是吗？ You    your teacher yet, ? 67．你认识那个留长卷发的女孩，不是吗？ You know the girl       ,    ? 68．玛丽以前留长发，不是吗？ Mary have long hair, ? 69．你过去很矮，是吗？ You be , you? 70．你们上周五参加了运动会，是吗？ You the sports meeting last Friday, ? 71．在昨晚的事故中他们很少有人受伤，对吗？ Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night, ? 72．你们上周五参加了运动会，是吗？ You the sports meeting last Friday, ? 73．不要忘了提醒她关于会议的事。 Don’t forget to the meeting. 74．My mother asks me to my room every day. 我妈妈叫我每天都要整理我的房间。 75．吸入新鲜空气对人类而言是必需的。 It is necessary for humans to fresh air. 76．昨天比尔使我们很惊讶，因为他主动提出帮忙扫地。 Bill us yesterday because he sweep the floor. 77．你能给我解释怎么解出这道物理题？ Can you to me how to this physics problem? 78．我发现熬夜对我们的身体不好。 I find it is bad for our health to too late. 79．说好英语对我们来说很重要。 It’s important for us English well. 80．她决定不参加聚会。 She the party. 81．我们决定在公园里野餐。 We a picnic in the park. 82．他决定去爬山。 He decided the mountains. 83．我建议你每天喝足量的水。 I advise you to every day. 84．我们需要为这个项目制订一个计划。 We need to for this project. 85．最后一个决心是关于如何在学校做得更好 The last resolution is about do better at school. 86．请告诉我怎样把我最好的一面展现出来。 Please tell me how to the best in me. 87．对于我们来说，依靠我们自己很重要。 is very important for us on ourselves. 88．在森林里，他没有办法通过卫星电话和朋友取得联系。 In the forest, he failed to his friends via a satellite phone. 89．他尝试挑战自己，去一片未知的森林探险。 He tried to an adventure into an unknown forest. 90．为了与他人保持联系，人们需要在纸上写东西。 To others, people needed to write things on paper. 91．科学家们想依靠数据，而不是猜测。 Scientists want to figures guessing. 92．我是通过观察窗外的情况来做天气报道的。 I did the weather report the window. 93．有些地方人们用嘴唇指东西。 In some places, people their lips. 94．李鸿通过唱歌学汉语。 Li Hong learns Chinese . 95．通过读词组，你会读得更快。 You can read faster word groups. 三、书面表达 96．假设你通过阅读百科全书了解到贝多芬的事迹。请你根据所给的提示信息，以“A great composer—Beethoven”为题，向大家介绍贝多芬的有关信息。要求：80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Name: Beethoven Birthday: 1770年12月16日 Career:音乐家、钢琴家（pianist)、作曲家（composer) Life: 1. 很小就有音乐天赋，四岁弹钢琴； 2. 二十岁失聪，依然积极上进； 3. 一生创作了很多好听的音乐； Opinions: 你对贝多芬的看法，至少写出两点。 A great composer—Beethoven I read about Beethoven in an encyclopaedia yesterday. Now let me tell you something about him._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 97．Tom上周做了一次演讲。在演讲中他感到紧张，不知道说什么。他给校杂志社的编辑写信求助如何做演讲。假如你是那位编辑，请给Tom写一封80词左右的回信。要求语法正确，句意通顺，逻辑关系合理，书写工整。 Dear Tom, How are you going?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Editor 98．寒假即将来临，你有那些计划和安排呢？假如你是李华，请你给英国朋友Jack写一封信，告诉他你的假期安排。 去年寒假 待在家里看电视、玩电脑游戏 今年的寒假计划 至少读完三本书； 学会游泳，而且每周锻炼身体三次； 每周看一部英语电影，提高英语水平； 帮父母做家务。 要求：1.包含表格中所有要点,可以适当发挥； 2.80词左右（开头结尾已给出,不计入总词数）。 Dear Jack, The winter vacation is coming soon. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What’s your plan for the winter vacation? I am looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 99．进入初中两年来，你收获并成长了很多。在即将举行的八年级青春仪式上，你将以“How to be a good teenager”为题进行演讲，请根据下表提示写一篇英语演讲稿。内容要点如下： 要点 内容 礼仪方面 1.公共场合举止得体，不喧哗，不乱丢垃圾，…… 2.文明就餐，……（举一例说明） 学习方面 1.空余时间多阅读；2.…… 生活方面 帮助有需要的人，……（举一例说明） 注意事项：1.短文中应包含所要求的信息，可以适当发挥。 2.词数80字左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。 Dear friends, It is my great honor to make a speech for you. I would like to talk about how to be a good teenager. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thanks for listening! / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 重点语法与单元写作梳理 目录 语法知识 写作主题 Unit 1 when 和how long 的用法 我们钦佩的人(名人) Unit 2 反意疑问句 闲聊 Unit 3 动词不定式 想参观的地方 Unit 4 by的用法 如何学习 第一部分 语法知识 when 和how long 的用法 1.when的用法 2.how long的用法 【例句】 1.她什么时候起床? When does she get up? 2.你将在北京住多长时间? How long will you live in Beijing? 3.当我学习骑自行车时,我大约六岁。 I was about six years old when I learned to ride a bike. 4.这本书我能借多长时间? How long can I keep this book? 5.你叔叔是什么时候开始收集硬币的? When did your uncle start collecting coins? 反意疑问句 一、概述 二、反意疑问句特殊形式 1.当陈述部分含有little,few,never,hardly,seldom,no,neither,nobody,nothing,none等否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。 2.当陈述部分有表示否定意义的词,如unhappy,dislike,careless等含否定词缀的派生词时,仍按肯定句对待,后面的疑问部分用否定形式。 3.当陈述部分为祈使句时,疑问部分通常用 will you。 4.当陈述部分是以Let’s开头的祈使句时,疑问部分用shall we;但当陈述部分是以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句时,疑问部分用will you。 5.当陈述部分为 there be结构时,疑问部分的谓语用与陈述部分相对应的be动词或助动词,而谓语后面用there。 6.如果陈述部分主句的主语为I/We,谓语为think/believe/suppose等表示主观意愿、念头或想法的动词时,疑问部分一般要反问从句,这时要注意否定转移的情况。 7.在回答反意疑问句时,要据实回答,即:若事实是肯定的,就用yes;事实是否定的,就用no。 【注意】 疑问部分的主语和谓语与前面陈述部分的主语和谓语要保持人称及助动词等方面的一致。 (1)陈述部分的主语是something, everything等表示事物的复合不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it代替。 (2)陈述部分的主语是someone, everyone等表示人的复合不定代词时,疑问部分的主语一般用they代替。 【例句】 1.There are few people in the room,are there?  2.Something is wrong with your computer,isn’t it?  3.Somebody wants to see you,don’t they?  4.Jenny looks unhappy today,doesn’t she?  5.Listen to me carefully,will you?  6.Let’s go to the park,shall we?  7.Let us help you,will you?  8.You have never been to Beijing,have you?  9.There is nothing wrong with your car,is there?  10.Mr Green had a fight with his brother last week,didn’t he?  11.He can speak two languages,can’t he?  12.You didn’t call me yesterday,did you?  动词不定式 (一)结构 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。 (二)特征 1.动词不定式(短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。 2.动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 (三)句法作用 1.作主语: 动词不定式(短语)作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而动词不定式(短语)放于后面。有时用for/of 引出不定式的逻辑主语。其句型结构:It’s+adj.+for/of+sb.+to do sth.。 　　2.作宾语: 动词不定式(短语)作宾语时,也常用it作形式宾语,而动词不定式(短语)放于后面。 　　3.作定语: 动词不定式作定语时,若动词为不及物动词,则其后必须有相应的介词。 (四)否定形式 　　由“not+动词不定式”构成。 (五)和疑问词连用 　　动词不定式可以和what,which,how,where,when等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语。 (六)省略to 　　有些动词后用作宾语补足语的动词不定式通常不带to。这种动词有两类:一类是感官动词,如see,hear,watch,feel,notice 等;另一类是某些使役动词,如let,make,have 等。 【例句】 1.It’s necessary for us to help each other.  2.She wishes to become a movie star.  3.I don’t know how to finish so much homework on time.  4.I often hear her sing English songs. 5.It’s hard to make him change his mind. by的用法 结构 意义 by +名词/动名词短语 通过某事/做某事 by +地点名词 在……旁边;靠近 by +时间名词 到……时为止 by +交通工具、交通方式名词 “通过……,由……,乘……”,名词前不加冠词,且名词不用复数形式 by +抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词 “靠……,通过……,由……所致”,名词前不加冠词,且名词不用复数形式 by的常见短语 by the way顺便问一下,顺便说一下 one by one一个一个地　 step by step一步一步地　 by oneself独自 第二部分 单元写作 Unit 1 单元写作主题 写作主题：我们钦佩的人(名人) 写作内容：名人的生辰、经历、爱好、影响等 写作指导：1.从名人的生活经历、兴趣爱好、取得的成就等角度介绍描述其生平事迹; 2.注意介绍基本情况时常用一般现在时,介绍经历时用一般过去时。 【写作示例】 A hero in my heart 　　Almost everyone has his own hero in his heart. So do I①. But my hero is not famous or popular. He’s just a common doctor—my father②. 　　My father is very humorous. When I’m unhappy, he always tells me jokes. When I’m in trouble, he encourages me to face problems bravely.③But④ he’s strict with my studies. He always tells me to be kind and brave. He’s my good example. As a doctor, he cares about his patients. Last year, he volunteered to go to Africa to help more people. Whatever he does, he always tries his best⑤. 　　From him, I have learned that I should be brave and stick to my goals at any time. He’ll be a hero in my heart forever. I want to say to him loudly “I love you, Dad!”⑥. ①用倒装句表明自己的观点。 ②用同位语引出“我心目中的英雄”。 ③连用两个时间状语从句描述了父亲对“我”的陪伴与教育。 ④“But”一词彰显了父亲对“我”的学业的重视。 ⑤用让步状语从句突出了父亲的认真与努力。 ⑥用“I love you”抒发了“我”的感情。 Unit 2 单元写作主题 写作话题:闲聊 写作内容:闲聊的话题、注意事项等 写作指导:从闲聊的话题、注意事项等方面进行描述;正确使用一般现在时和情态动词 【写作示例】 How to make successful small talk? 　　Small talk can help people learn about each other and it’s a good way to pass the time. How to make successful small talk?① Here are some tips. 　　You may need to make small talk when you meet others. It’s a good idea to talk about the weather or something else that is not private.② You can start small talk simply by saying “It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?”③ Besides the weather, it’s good to talk about pets and sports. Of course, there are also a lot of topics to avoid during small talk, for example, don’t ask people “How old are you?” or “How much money do you make?”③ 　　If you follow the tips, you can make successful small talk.④ ①文章使用设问开头,抓住读者关心的问题,启发读者思考,有助于呈现文章的主题。 ②使用It’s + n. + to do sth. 句型以及定语从句,彰显作者语言功底。 ③使用有代表性的例子介绍闲聊应该聊什么,不应该聊什么,通俗易懂。 ④照应开头,使文章浑然一体。 Unit 3 单元写作主题 写作话题:想参观的地方 写作内容:谈论自己想要参观的地方,以及自己的梦想和希望 写作指导:1.从地理位置、景致特征、风土人情、游玩活动等方面进行描述; 2.正确使用时态描述动作。 【写作示例】 　　Hello, everyone!We are going to the Dream City this Sunday.① Let me tell you something about this tour. We are going to meet at the entrance of the Dream City at 9:00 in the morning. We will start our tour here. We are going to watch Chu Opera. And then we are going to learn traditional Chinese folk arts- paper cutting and making clay pieces. Of course,② we also have an hour of free time to do something we like, such as playing games, taking photos and so on. We are going to take the underground back to school at five in the afternoon. But it will be hot on Sunday, so we’d better wear light clothes and soft shoes.③ I hope that it will be an exciting tour and we will enjoy ourselves.③ ①开篇点题,点明我们要去the Dream City游玩。 ②Of course衔接词的使用,使文章过渡自然。 ③文章使用had better do sth., hope+that从句,enjoy oneself等表达方式,展现了深厚的语言功底。 Unit 4 单元写作主题 写作话题:如何学习 写作内容:学习方法和学习经验介绍 写作指导:正确使用介词by表示方式的用法;注意使用关于学习的词汇和句式 【写作示例】 To Be a Successful English Learner Dear schoolmates, I’m Li Hua. I’m honored to be invited here to share my ideas about how to learn English well.① 　　To be a successful English learner, we should have a good study habit and be good at thinking and solving problems. We can look up new words with the help of the dictionary. We can keep diaries every day to improve our English.② We should also make full use of learning resources.③ It’s a good habit to read newspapers, listen to English songs and watch English movies. We should improve our ability to listen, speak, read, write and learn Chinese and foreign cultures.④ When we study English, we’re sure to meet all kinds of different problems. We shouldn’t feel afraid of them. We should try our best to solve these difficulties and face the challenge.⑤ In my opinion⑥, we should read and write in English every day. To practice, we can also speak to our friends and classmates in English. Thanks for your listening. ①开篇点题,引出介绍英语学习方法这一话题。 ②运用话题词汇look up,keep diaries介绍学习方法,学以致用。 ③also的运用使上下文之间衔接更紧密。 ④从能力提升和文化素养方面提出建议,丰富写作内容。 ⑤运用try our best介绍在英语学习中如何面对困难和挑战,用词贴切且具有号召力。 ⑥用In my opinion引出自己的观点,衔接自然。 基础训练 一、单项选择 1．—When did Andy arrive in Xi’an? —Well, he ________ Xi’an for two days. A．has been to B．has been in C．has gone to D．has come in 2．Teachers should always encourage their students ________ when they meet with trouble. A．keep on B．keeping on C．to keep on D．kept on 3．Grace ________ dinner in the kitchen with her husband when Alice called her last night. A．cooks B．was cooking C．cooked D．has cooked 4．—Haven’t you seen that film? That’s the funniest one I’ve ever seen! ——Really? When _______ you _______ it? A．have; seen B．were; seeing C．will; see D．did; see 5．The tree leaves on the ground dance in all ________ when the wind comes. A．designs B．degrees C．directions D．disasters 6．— Your sister is a good girl! — That’s right. She can always look after ________ at home when we’re all out. A．herself B．myself C．yourself D．themselves 7．—When we chat with our friends online, we can use “BRB” to mean “Be right back”. —Yes. And “TTYL” ________ “Talk to you later”. A．looks for B．asks for C．stands for 8．She felt ________ when she got the news. A．worry B．worriedly C．worried D．worrily 9．—Is everything ready for the New Year Party? —I guess not. Henry and Hans ______ the room when I met them this morning. A．decorate B．decorated C．are decorating D．were decorating 10．The little girl can _______ herself when she stays at home. A．look for B．look up C．look at D．look after 11．When you go on ________ vacation in London, please take ________ umbrella with you. A．a; a B．/; an C．the; / D．/; a 12．I don’t know when ________ tomorrow. When he ________, I’ll tell you. A．will he come; arrives B．he will come; arrives C．he will come; arrive 13．When someone is in high _________, he or she has a good feeling. A．spirits B．opinions C．marks D．joy 14．My classmates _________ about the World Cup when our teacher came in. A．talk B．talked C．are talking D．were talking 15．—How long has your uncle ________ your aunt?     —Over ten years. A．married with B．married to C．got married with D．been married to 16．The music app sends a yearly ________ to show how long users listen to music every year. A．report B．result C．discussion D．instruction 17．— How long will he ________ the book? — For about two days. A．open B．buy C．borrow D．keep 18．—I wonder ________ the students have a physical examination. —Once a year. —________ is it from your school to your home? —About five minutes’ walk. A．how far; How soon B．how soon; How far C．how often; How long D．how often; How far 19．—How difficult math is! I want to give it up. — __________ you work hard, you will do better. A．As long as B．As soon as C．Even though D．Until 20．How long will cats live ________? A．be B．to be C．on D．for 21．—How long can I stay with you? —As _________ as you like. A．long B．longer C．longest D．the longest 22．—How long ________ you ________ your bread maker? —For about three months. A．did; buy B．have; bought C．have; had D．have; buy 23．—Sir, how long can I ________ this book? —You’ll have to return it to the library in a week. A．borrow B．keep C．take D．lend 24．My brother’s never been late for work, _______? A．is he B．isn’t he C．has he D．hasn’t he 25．David’s never been to Germany, _______? A．has he B．does he C．is he D．was he 26．—It’s nice to sit here chatting on the summer evening, ________? —Yes, but it’s already 10 o’clock now. A．isn’t it B．is it C．does it D．doesn’t it 27．Let’s wait and see what will happen, ________ ? A．shall we B．why not C．will you D．let us 28．—Amy never gets up early, ________ she? —________. She always goes to school early. A．is; Yes, she is B．is; No, she isn’t C．does; Yes, she does D．does; No, she doesn’t 29．—Everyone says you are an excellent engineer. You never make a mistake, do you? —________. No one is perfect (完美的) . A．Yes, never B．Yes, sometimes C．Oh, really D．No, sometimes 30．They had to finish their work before 8 o’clock, ________? A．had they B．hadn’t they C．didn’t they D．did they 31．The electric fan can hardly blow away the terrible smell in the room, ________? A．can it B．can’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it 32．There is lots of ________ about AI on the website, ________? A．message; isn’t there B．messages; is there C．information; isn’t there D．information; is there 33．Our school is more beautiful than before, ________? A．isn’t it B．is it C．doesn’t it D．does it 34．His sister had a bad cough, ________ she? A．wasn’t B．doesn’t C．hadn’t D．didn’t 35．Jim has few friends in his new school, ________? A．does he B．doesn’t he C．hasn’t he D．is he 36．—He seldom goes to cinema at the weekend, ________ he? —________. He always has a lot of homework to do. A．does; No B．does; Yes C．doesn’t; No D．doesn’t; Yes 37．—It’s very hot today, ________ ?   —Yes, it is. A．is it B．isn’t it C．is he D．isn’t he 38．—Cai Xuzhe’s already back from Tiangong Space Station, ________? —Yes. He went into space for the first time last year. A．is he B．isn’t he C．has he D．hasn’t he 39．—Your brother is seldom careless, ________ he? —________, he often does something wrong. A．isn’t; Yes B．isn’t; No C．is; Yes D．is; No 40．The man must be his assistant, ________? A．must he B．mustn’t he C．is he D．isn’t he 41．— You haven’t been to Hawaii, have you?    — ________. I hope to go there one day. A．Yes, I have B．No, I haven’t C．I’d love to D．No, I have 42．Be sure to come to see me when you are free, ________? A．don’t you B．will you C．aren’t you D．do you 43．—Linda didn’t go to the basketball final, did she? — ________. She stayed at home and packed her bag instead. A．Yes, she didn’t B．No, she did C．Yes, she did D．No, she didn’t 44．Mary didn’t know who ________ the problem at that time. A．to talk about B．will talk to about C．to talk to about D．will to talk 45．The man was _________ tired _________ go on walking. A．so; that B．very; to C．enough; to D．too; to 46．What great fun it is ________ climbing and we have great fun ________ up the rocks! A．to go; to climb B．going; to climb C．to go; climbing 47．—How long did it take the first climber _________ the top of the mountain? —At most two hours. It’s certain that he is the best at climbing of all. A．arriving B．getting to C．to arrive in D．to reach 48．It’ll be much fun ________TV at home. But I always have lots of fun ________ sports in my free time. A．to watch, to play B．watching, to play C．to watch , playing 49．Let’s try to do what we can as many animals as possible. A．saving B．save C．saves D．to save 50．The math problem is so hard. I really don’t know ________. A．how to do it B．what to do it C．how to do D．what do it 51．There’s lots of work ________ every day. There are lots of students ________ it there. A．doing; doing B．to do; to do C．to do; doing D．doing; to do 52．Millie doesn’t know who _______ this history book. A．to talk about B．talk to about C．to talk to about D．talk about to 53．Tom got up early this morning ________ catch the early bus. A．next to B．so that C．in order to D．as for 54．We can learn English well ________ hard. A．from study B．through studying C．by studying D．with study 55．Today, there are still a lot of people who prefer to _________ the Huangpu River_________ ferries. A．across; on B．cross; on C．cross; by D．across; by 56．More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work underground and go sightseeing coach. A．in; on B．by; at C．by; by D．on; in 57．As we know，sky lanterns are covered ________ paper and the red paper cutting is cut ________ scissors. A．with；with B．with；in C．by；with D．in；by 58．Billy often goes to school _______ his classmate’s bicycle. A．in B．by C．on D．with 59．—Do you usually go to school________ bus?   —No.I usually go there________ foot. A．by; with B．by; on C．on; by D．on; on 60．— I like collecting tickets, bus tickets and train tickets! —You can’t do anything ________ old tickets! A．without B．use C．with D．by 提升训练 二、完成句子 61．他们在打雪仗时，忍不住大笑起来。 They when they were having a snowball fight. 62．当我长大了，我打算成为一名工程师。 When I grow up, I become an engineer. 63．玛丽在感到孤独时喜欢听音乐。 Mary likes to listening to music when she . 64．——你在北京工作多久了？ ——5年了。 —How long in Beijing? — five years. 65．建造这个图书馆花了多长时间? How long did it the library? 66．你还没见到你的老师，是吗？ You    your teacher yet, ? 67．你认识那个留长卷发的女孩，不是吗？ You know the girl       ,    ? 68．玛丽以前留长发，不是吗？ Mary have long hair, ? 69．你过去很矮，是吗？ You be , you? 70．你们上周五参加了运动会，是吗？ You the sports meeting last Friday, ? 71．在昨晚的事故中他们很少有人受伤，对吗？ Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night, ? 72．你们上周五参加了运动会，是吗？ You the sports meeting last Friday, ? 73．不要忘了提醒她关于会议的事。 Don’t forget to the meeting. 74．My mother asks me to my room every day. 我妈妈叫我每天都要整理我的房间。 75．吸入新鲜空气对人类而言是必需的。 It is necessary for humans to fresh air. 76．昨天比尔使我们很惊讶，因为他主动提出帮忙扫地。 Bill us yesterday because he sweep the floor. 77．你能给我解释怎么解出这道物理题？ Can you to me how to this physics problem? 78．我发现熬夜对我们的身体不好。 I find it is bad for our health to too late. 79．说好英语对我们来说很重要。 It’s important for us English well. 80．她决定不参加聚会。 She the party. 81．我们决定在公园里野餐。 We a picnic in the park. 82．他决定去爬山。 He decided the mountains. 83．我建议你每天喝足量的水。 I advise you to every day. 84．我们需要为这个项目制订一个计划。 We need to for this project. 85．最后一个决心是关于如何在学校做得更好 The last resolution is about do better at school. 86．请告诉我怎样把我最好的一面展现出来。 Please tell me how to the best in me. 87．对于我们来说，依靠我们自己很重要。 is very important for us on ourselves. 88．在森林里，他没有办法通过卫星电话和朋友取得联系。 In the forest, he failed to his friends via a satellite phone. 89．他尝试挑战自己，去一片未知的森林探险。 He tried to an adventure into an unknown forest. 90．为了与他人保持联系，人们需要在纸上写东西。 To others, people needed to write things on paper. 91．科学家们想依靠数据，而不是猜测。 Scientists want to figures guessing. 92．我是通过观察窗外的情况来做天气报道的。 I did the weather report the window. 93．有些地方人们用嘴唇指东西。 In some places, people their lips. 94．李鸿通过唱歌学汉语。 Li Hong learns Chinese . 95．通过读词组，你会读得更快。 You can read faster word groups. 三、书面表达 96．假设你通过阅读百科全书了解到贝多芬的事迹。请你根据所给的提示信息，以“A great composer—Beethoven”为题，向大家介绍贝多芬的有关信息。要求：80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Name: Beethoven Birthday: 1770年12月16日 Career:音乐家、钢琴家（pianist)、作曲家（composer) Life: 1. 很小就有音乐天赋，四岁弹钢琴； 2. 二十岁失聪，依然积极上进； 3. 一生创作了很多好听的音乐； Opinions: 你对贝多芬的看法，至少写出两点。 A great composer—Beethoven I read about Beethoven in an encyclopaedia yesterday. Now let me tell you something about him._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 97．Tom上周做了一次演讲。在演讲中他感到紧张，不知道说什么。他给校杂志社的编辑写信求助如何做演讲。假如你是那位编辑，请给Tom写一封80词左右的回信。要求语法正确，句意通顺，逻辑关系合理，书写工整。 Dear Tom, How are you going?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Editor 98．寒假即将来临，你有那些计划和安排呢？假如你是李华，请你给英国朋友Jack写一封信，告诉他你的假期安排。 去年寒假 待在家里看电视、玩电脑游戏 今年的寒假计划 至少读完三本书； 学会游泳，而且每周锻炼身体三次； 每周看一部英语电影，提高英语水平； 帮父母做家务。 要求：1.包含表格中所有要点,可以适当发挥； 2.80词左右（开头结尾已给出,不计入总词数）。 Dear Jack, The winter vacation is coming soon. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What’s your plan for the winter vacation? I am looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 99．进入初中两年来，你收获并成长了很多。在即将举行的八年级青春仪式上，你将以“How to be a good teenager”为题进行演讲，请根据下表提示写一篇英语演讲稿。内容要点如下： 要点 内容 礼仪方面 1.公共场合举止得体，不喧哗，不乱丢垃圾，…… 2.文明就餐，……（举一例说明） 学习方面 1.空余时间多阅读；2.…… 生活方面 帮助有需要的人，……（举一例说明） 注意事项：1.短文中应包含所要求的信息，可以适当发挥。 2.词数80字左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。 Dear friends, It is my great honor to make a speech for you. I would like to talk about how to be a good teenager. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thanks for listening! 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】句意：——安迪什么时候到达西安？ ——嗯，他已经在西安待了两天了。    考查动词短语。has been to去过某地（已经回来）；has been in在某地待了一段时间；has gone to去了某地（还未回来）；has come in进来。根据“he...Xi’an for two days”可知，安迪已经在西安待了两天，强调状态的持续，故选B。 2．C 【解析】句意：当学生们遇到困难时，老师们应该总是鼓励他们坚持下去。 考查非谓语动词。keep on意为“坚持”，动词原形；keeping on是动名词或现在分词形式；to keep on是动词不定式；kept on是过去式或过去分词形式。“encourage sb. to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，这里用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 3．B 【解析】句意：爱丽丝昨晚打电话给格蕾丝时，她正在厨房和丈夫一起做晚饭。 考查动词时态。根据“dinner in the kitchen with her husband when Alice called her last night.”可知，设空处描述昨天某个时间正进行的动作，为过去进行时。故选B。 4．D 【解析】句意：——你真的没看过那部电影吗？那是我看过的最搞笑的电影！——真的吗？你什么时候看的？ 考查动词时态。根据“Haven’t you seen that film? That’s the funniest one I’ve ever seen.”可知，说话者已经看过这部电影，“When ... you ... it”这里问“什么时候看的”，只是单纯询问过去看电影这个动作发生的时间，不强调对现在的影响，所以用一般过去时。一般过去时的特殊疑问句结构是“特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形”。故选D。 5．C 【解析】句意：当风吹来时，地上的树叶会在各个方向上舞动。 考查名词辨析。designs设计；degrees度数，学位；directions方向；disasters灾难。根据“The tree leaves on the ground dance”及常识可知，风吹来时，树叶会在各个方向上舞动，所以此处应该用directions。故选C。 6．A 【解析】句意：——你妹妹是个好女孩！——没错。当我们都外出时，她总能在家照顾好自己。 考查反身代词的用法。herself她自己；myself我自己；yourself你自己；themselves他们自己。根据句意，主语是第三人称单数“she”，因此应使用与主语一致的反身代词“herself”。故选A。 7．C 【解析】句意：——当我们在网上和朋友聊天时，我们可以用“BRB”来表示“马上回来”。——是。“TTYL”代表“以后再聊”。 考查动词短语辨析。looks for寻找；asks for要求；stands for代表。根据“And ‘TTYL’ … ‘Talk to you later’.”结合常识可知，TTYL应是代表以后再聊。故选C。 8．C 【解析】句意：她得到这个消息时感到很担心。 考查形容词的用法。worry担心，名词或动词；worriedly担心地，副词；worried担心的，形容词；worrily错误表达。根据“She felt”可知，此处缺形容词，worried符合题意，作表语。故选C。 9．D 【解析】句意：——新年聚会的一切都准备好了吗？——我想不是。今天早上我遇见亨利和汉斯时，他们正在装饰房间。 考查过去进行时。根据“Henry and Hans…the room when I met them this morning.”可知此处是描述亨利和汉斯早上正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”。故选D。 10．D 【解析】句意：这个小女孩待在家里可以照顾自己。 考查动词短语。look for寻找；look up查阅；look at看向；look after照顾。根据“when she stays at home.”可知，这个小女孩在家时自己照顾自己，故选D。 11．B 【解析】句意：当你去伦敦度假时，请带上雨伞。 考查冠词。a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头单词前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头单词前；/零冠词；the表特指。go on vacation“去度假”，固定短语；空二处是泛指一把雨伞，umbrella是元音音素开头的单词，用an表示。故选B。 12．B 【解析】句意：我不知道他明天什么时候回来。当他回来时，我会告诉你。 考查动词时态以及宾语从句语序。根据“tomorrow”可知，第一空应用一般将来时will do的结构，且从句是when引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除A；第二空when引导的时间状语从句，满足“主将从现”，从句中用一般现在时，主语是he，动词用三单形式。故选B。 13．A 【解析】句意：当某人情绪高涨时，他或她会有一种良好的感觉。 考查名词词义。spirits情绪；opinions看法；marks分数；joy快乐。“in high spirits”表示“兴高采烈”，故选A。 14．D 【解析】句意：我们的老师进来时，同学们正在谈论世界杯。 考查过去进行时。根据“when our teacher came in”可知，从句时态是一般过去时，排除A和C；此处强调老师进来时我们正在谈论世界杯，故选D。 15．D 【解析】句意：——你叔叔和你阿姨结婚多久了？——超过十年了。    考查动词短语辨析。married with错误搭配；married to错误结构，正确的是be/get married to；got married with错误搭配；been married to表示持续的状态，用于现在完成时。根据“How long has your uncle...your aunt?”可知，这里需要表示持续的状态，且使用现在完成时，故选D。 16．A 【解析】句意：这款音乐应用每年会发送一份报告，以显示用户每年听音乐的时间。 考查名词辨析。report报告；result结果；discussion讨论；instruction操作说明。根据“...to show how long users listen to music every year.”可知，空处指发送一份报告来显示用户听音乐的时间。故选A。 17．D 【解析】句意：——这本书他要借多久？——大概两天。 考查动词辨析。open打开；buy卖；borrow借；keep保有。根据“How long will he ... the book?”可知，询问要借几天书，需要用延续性动词，故选D。 18．D 【解析】句意：——我想知道学生们多久做一次体检。——一年一次。——从你的学校到你家有多远？——步行大约五分钟。 考查特殊疑问词。how far多远；How soon多久；how often多久一次。第一空根据回答“Once a year”可知，空处问的是“学生们体检的频率”，使用how often；第二空根据回答“About five minutes’ walk”可知，问的是“从学校到家的距离”，使用how far。故选D。 19．A 【解析】句意：——数学真难啊！我想放弃它。——只要你努力，你就会做得更好。 考查连词辨析。As long as只要；As soon as一……就……；Even though即使；Until直到。根据“...you work hard, you will do better.”可知，此处为条件状语从句，as long as符合语境。故选A。 20．B 【解析】句意：猫能活多久？ 考查动词短语。live to be活到……；live on以……为食；live for为了……而生活。选项A的be和句中的live都属于动词，不能构成短语。根据“How long”可知，此处表示活多长时间，用短语live to be。故选B。 21．A 【解析】句意：——我能和你待多久？——只要你喜欢。 考查连词用法。as...as之间用形容词原级，as long as表示“只要”，是连词，引导条件状语从句。故选A。 22．C 【解析】句意：——你的面包机用了多久了？——大约三个月。 考查现在完成时。根据“For about three months”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，现在完成时和一段时间连用，谓语动词需用延续性动词，buy“买”，短暂性动词，其延续性动词为have。故选C。 23．B 【解析】句意：——先生，这本书我可以借多久？——你必须在一周内把书还给图书馆。 考查动词用法。borrow借入；keep保存；take拿；lend借出。根据“how long”可知，需要延续性动词，故选B。 24．C 【解析】句意：我哥哥上班从不迟到，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“never”可知，never是否定词，故陈述句部分为否定，问句部分应该用肯定形式，本句是现在完成时，动词用has。故选C。 25．A 【解析】句意：大卫从未去过德国，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“David’s never been to Germany”可知，是现在完成时，助动词为has，never表否定，反意疑问句中如果陈述句为否定，后半部分应用肯定疑问句，故选A。 26．A 【解析】句意：——夏天的晚上坐在这里聊天真好，不是吗？——是的，但是现在已经10点了。 考查反意疑问句。根据“It’s nice to sit here chatting on the summer evening,”可知，此处主语是it，助动词是is，前半句是肯定句，后面的反义疑问句用否定形式isn’t it，故选A。 27．A 【解析】句意：让我们等着看会发生什么，好吗？ 考查反意疑问句。分析句子可知，原句是一个以Let’s开头的祈使句，其反意疑问句部分要用shall we。故选A。 28．C 【解析】句意：——艾米从不早起，是吗？——不，她起得很早。她总是很早去上学。 考查反意疑问句及其回答。谓语“gets up”为实义动词短语，附加问句应用助动词does；根据“She always goes to school early.”可知，她总是很早去上学，说明她起得早，事实是肯定的，应用“Yes+肯定结构”。故选C。 29．B 【解析】句意：——每个人都说你是一个优秀的工程师。你从不犯错误，是吗？——不，有时候（会犯错）。没有人是完美的。 考查反意疑问句回答。Yes, never不，从不；Yes, sometimes不，有时候；Oh, really哦，真的吗；No, sometimes是的，有时候。根据“No one is perfect (完美的) .”可知这位工程师有时候会犯错误，应作肯定回答，此处的Yes应翻译为“不”。故选B。 30．C 【解析】句意：他们必须在8点之前完成工作，不是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“had to finish”可知，陈述部分是一般过去时的肯定句，谓语动词为实义动词had，反意疑问句要用助动词“did”，根据“前肯后否”的原则，问句中应为否定形式。故选C。 31．A 【解析】句意：电风扇很难吹走房间里的臭味，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。陈述部分含有hardly，表示否定，所以简短问句用肯定形式；陈述部分含有情态动词can，主语为“The electric fan”，所以简短问句用can it。故选A。 32．C 【解析】句意：网站上有很多关于人工智能的信息，不是吗？ 考查不可数名词及反意疑问句。message消息，可数名词；information信息，不可数名词。lots of修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，所以第一空应填information，排除A和B选项。根据题干可知，该句是there be句型，且be动词是is，那么其反意疑问句部分应该用isn’t there，表示“不是吗”，排除D选项。故选C。 33．A 【解析】句意：我们的学校比以前更漂亮了，不是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“Our school is more beautiful than before”可知，陈述句部分为肯定句，附加疑问句要用否定形式，排除B和D选项；再根据“is”可知，附加疑问句应用isn’t，it指代“Our school”。故选A。 34．D 【解析】句意：他的妹妹咳嗽得很厉害，不是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。分析句子可知，本句是反意疑问句，前句为肯定，后句用否定；前句中had为实义动词，时态为一般过去时，疑问部分用助动词didn’t。故选D。 35．A 【解析】句意：Jim在他的新学校几乎没有朋友，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句用法。反意疑问句要做到“前否后肯”或“前肯后否”，根据题干中“has few friends”可知，few意为“极少，几乎没有”，表否定含义，疑问部分要用肯定形式，根据句中“has”可知，本文时态为一般现在时，主语为Jim，需助动词does，故选A。 36．A 【解析】句意：——他周末很少去看电影，是吗？ ——是的，他总是有很多家庭作业要做。 考查反义疑问句。seldom为否定副词，前为否定，本句是一般现在时，后为肯定，主语是为he，所以是does he。回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定，根据“He always has a lot of homework to do.”可知，不去看电影。故选A。 37．B 【解析】句意：——今天非常热，不是吗？——是的，非常热。 考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句前面的陈述部分为肯定句时，后面附加部分的疑问句应为否定形式，根据“It’s very hot today”为肯定句可知，排除A、C两项；附加部分的疑问句在人称和数上要与前面的陈述部分保持一致。故选B。 38．B 【解析】句意：——蔡旭哲已经从天宫空间站回来了，是吗？——是的。他去年首次进入太空。 考查反意疑问句。根据句意和句子结构可知，本句考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的回答：前肯后否，正常回答；前否后肯，根据事实从后往前翻译。分析句子可知，前半部分是一个肯定句，主语Cai Xuzhe是第三人称单数形式，时态是一般现在时，谓语是系动词is，因此后半部分用isn’t he。故选B。 39．C 【解析】句意：——你哥哥很少粗心大意，是吗？——不是，他经常做错事。 考查反意疑问句。根据“seldom”可知，陈述句部分是否定句，则疑问句部分为肯定形式，所以第一空为is；再根据答语“he often does something wrong”可知，此处是对事实作出了否定的回答，则用yes表示“不”。故选C。 40．D 【解析】句意：那个人一定是他的助手，对吗？ 考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”，陈述部分是肯定，反问部分用否定，排除A和C选项。must在此句中表示肯定的推测，反问部分要与must后面的be动词保持一致，故选D。 41．B 【解析】句意：——你没去过夏威夷吧？——是的，我没去过。我希望有一天能去那里。 考查反意疑问句。根据“You haven’t been to Hawaii, have you”可知，反意疑问句的回答是Yes, I have或No, I haven’t。结合“I hope to go there one day”可知，并没有去过夏威夷，反意疑问句的回答要与实际情况相符，故选B。 42．B 【解析】句意：你有空时一定要来看我，好吗？ 考查反意疑问句。此句是肯定祈使句，附加句用will you或者won’t you。故选B。 43．D 【解析】句意：——琳达没有去篮球决赛，是吗？——是的，她没有去，而是待在家里打包行李了。 考查反意疑问句的答语。根据“She stayed at home and packed her bag instead”可知事实上琳达没有去篮球决赛，所以回答的后半句应是否定的，而前面应用No，与其保持一致，但翻译时No应译成“是的”，故选D。 44．C 【解析】句意：玛丽当时不知道该和谁谈论这个问题。 考查疑问词+动词不定式及动词短语。talk to sb about sth“和某人谈论某事”，who作talk to的宾语，排除A、D选项。分析句子结构可知，此句为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。故选C。 45．D 【解析】句意：那个男人太累了，无法继续走路。 考查too…to的用法。so…that如此……以至于；very…to非常；enough…to足够；too…to太……而不能。根据“ tired… go on walking ”可知是太累了而不能继续走了，故选D。 46．C 【解析】句意：去爬山多有趣啊，我们爬上岩石也很开心！ 考查非谓语动词。分析“What great fun it is...climbing”可知，it是形式主语，此处应用动词不定式作真正的主语，所以第一空应选to go；根据短语have fun doing sth.“做某事很开心”可知，第二空应选动词-ing形式climbing。故选C。 47．D 【解析】句意：——第一个登山者花了多长时间到达山顶？——最多两个小时。毫无疑问，他是所有人中最擅长攀岩的。 考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。arrive到达，后接地点时，常接介词at或in；get to到达；arrive in到达，后加大地点；reach到达，其后直接接地点。根据“How long did it take the first climber”可知，it takes sb+时间+to do sth.“做某事花费某人……时间”，故空格处应用动词不定式，排除选项A和B；根据“the top of the mountain”可知，此处为小地点，故不能用arrive in。故选D。 48．C 【解析】句意：在家看电视会很有趣。但我总是在空闲时间做运动得到很多乐趣。 考查非谓语动词。It’s fun to do sth.意为“做某事有趣”，是固定句式，故第一空需用动词不定式；have fun常跟动名词，意为“从做某事中得到乐趣”，故第二空用动名词。故选C。 49．D 【解析】句意：让我们尽力去做我们能做的来拯救尽可能多的动物。 考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，此处用动词不定式to save 作目的状语，表示“为了拯救尽可能多的动物”。故选D。 50．A 【解析】句意：这道数学题太难了。我真的不知道该怎么做。 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。how to do it怎么做；what to do it表述错误，what是do的宾语，所以do后不能再接it作宾语；how to do表述错误，how是副词作状语，do是及物动词，其后要接宾语；what do it表述错误，不符合“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。分析题干可知，此处表示不知道该怎么做这道数学题。故选A。 51．C 【解析】句意：每天有很多工作要做。那里有很多学生在做这件事。 考查非谓语动词。第一空是There be…to do sth“有某事要做”，动词不定式作定语；第二空是There be...doing sth“有……在做某事”，应用动词的现在分词形式作定语。故选C。 52．C 【解析】句意：米莉不知道该和谁谈论这本历史书。 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。分析题干和选项可知，本题应使用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，所以排除选项B和D；who是宾语，talk是不及物动词，后面接宾语要加介词，此处表示“与某人交谈”，应用短语talk to；about this history book表示“关于这本历史书”。故选C。 53．C 【解析】句意：为了赶上早班车，汤姆今天早上起得很早。 考查in order to用法。next to旁边，介词短语；so that为了，后接句子；in order to为了，后接动词原形；as for关于，介词短语。结合语境可知，汤姆今天早上起得很早是为了赶早班车，再根据空后动词原形catch可知，此处用in order to表示目的。故选C。 54．C 【解析】句意：我们可以通过努力学习来学好英语。 考查介词。根据“We can learn English well ... hard.”可知此处表示通过努力学习这种方式来学好英语，表示“通过某种方式”用介词by，其后接动名词studying。故选C。 55．C 【解析】句意：今天，仍然有很多人喜欢乘渡船横渡黄浦江。 考查动词和介词辨析。cross“穿过，越过”，动词，主要表示在物体表面上横穿；across“横跨，横穿”，介词，across与go/walk等动词连用时与cross基本同义。本题中prefer to do sth喜欢做某事，故空格处应为动词cross。“乘渡船”应用介词by“通过，凭借”，表方式手段。故选C。 56．C 【解析】句意：在上海，越来越多的人选择乘地铁去上班，乘长途客车去观光。考查介词辨析。in在…里面；on在…上面；by通过、被，表示方式；at在。underground (地铁)和coach(长途客车)都是交通工具，表示“乘坐某种交通工具”用介词by，“by+交通工具”构成介词短语，表示交通方式，故答案选C。 57．A 【解析】句意：我们都知道，天灯是用纸糊成的，红色剪纸是用剪刀剪的。be covered with被……所覆盖，表示一种状态，在被动语态中，by后跟动作的执行者，使用by不符合本题题意；by后面也可以跟交通工具；in一般是使用某种语言，介词with后面可以跟工具，表示使用某种工具，with scissors用剪刀。故答案为A。 【点睛】by ① 以……方法、手段②指搭乘某种交通工具,③表示传达、传递的方式或媒介。 He makes a living by selling newspapers. My brother gets to school by bus every day. with  ①表示用 …工具（具体有形的工具）② (表材料或内容)以，用……来填充。He broke the window with a stone. in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；What's this in English? 58．C 【解析】句意：比利经常骑着同学的自行车上学。A. in在……里，使用；B. by通过，以……方式；   C. on在……上，通过；D. with与……一起，使用。by+交通工具，交通工具用单数可数名词，前面不能有修饰词；骑自行车可以用介词in或on。by bike=on a/one’s bike骑自行车。故答案为C。 59．B 【解析】句意：—你通常坐公共汽车上学吗？ —我通常步行去那里。本题采用介词搭配法。by bus与on foot都是固定短语，分别意为“乘公共汽车”“步行”，都在句中作状语。故选B。 60．C 【解析】句意：——我喜欢收集票券、公共汽车票和火车票！——你不能用旧票来做任何事情！A. without没有；B. use使用；C. with 与……一起，使用；D. by被，使用。第二个句子是简单句，已有谓语动词，因此不能再用动词use，B答案排除。表示使用有形的工具时，通常用with来表示；表示采用某种方式或手段时，用by表示。故答案为C。 二、 61． couldn’t help laughing 【解析】根据所给中英文可知要翻译的是“忍不住大笑起来”。“can’t help laughing” 表示“忍不住大笑起来”。由“were”可知时态是一般过去时。“can’t”对应的过去式是couldn’t。故填couldn’t；help；laughing。 62．am going to 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“打算”的英文表达，be going to表示“打算”，由于主语是I，be动词应用am。故填am going to。 63．feels lonely 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子缺少“感到孤独”，英文表达是feel lonely，动词短语，根据likes可知，时态是一般现在时，从句的主语she表示单数，所以动词feel要变成第三人称单数形式feels。故填feels lonely。 64． have you worked For 【解析】本题是How long提问，此处应用现在完成时，表示持续一段动作，此处是特殊疑问句，应用How long+助动词+主谓，助动词是have，主语是you，谓语动词work的过去分词是worked，回答应用for+一段时间。故填have；you；worked；For。 65． take to build 【解析】表示“花费多长时间”应用动词take。take在助动词did后面，应用动词原形。建造build，是动词；it是形式主语，结合句型：it takes+时间+to do sth. 表示“做某事花费多长时间”。不定式短语to build the library是真正的主语。故答案为：take；to；build。 66． haven’t met have you 【解析】根据汉英对照可知，本题考查现在完成时的否定形式以及反意疑问句。根据现在完成时的结构have/has+过去分词。句子的主语“you”是第二人称，故应借助助动词have，其否定形式为haven’t，“遇见”对应的动词为meet，其过去分词为met，故第一空格填haven’t，第二空格填met。根据反义疑问句“前否后肯”的特点可知，本句的陈述句是否定，简短疑问句应该是肯定形式。根据陈述句的时态是现在完成时并且主语（you）是第二人称，故反义疑问句应该是have you，故第三个空格填have，第四个空格填you。故填haven’t；met；have；you。 67． with long curly hair don’t you 【解析】with“有，带有”，表示伴随；long curly hair表示“长卷发”。陈述句是一般现在时，且是肯定句，反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否”原则，主语用you，句中有实义动词know，所以助动词用don’t。故填with；long；curly；hair；don’t；you。 68． used to didn’t she 【解析】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“以前”和“不是吗”；结合英文题干和汉语提示可知，此处考查反意疑问句；used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”，动词短语；反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”的原则，句中陈述部分为肯定，则疑问部分应为否定；变否定时，要借助助动词didn’t，Mary用人称代词主格she代替。故填used；to；didn’t；she。 69． used to short didn’t 【解析】used to be表示“过去是，曾经是”；short“矮的”，形容词作表语；由汉意可知，该句是反意疑问句，陈述句是肯定形式，附加疑问句应用否定；陈述句的时态是一般过去时，故助动词应用didn’t。故填used；to；short；didn’t。 70． took part in didn’t you 【解析】根据“last Friday”可知时态是一般过去时；参加take part in，take的过去式是took；反意疑问句遵循前肯后否或前否后肯，故本句的反意疑问句用否定，助动词是did；主语是you。故填took；part；in；didn’t；you。 71． did they 【解析】根据题干可知，本句是反意疑问句，前半句的陈述部分包含表示否定意义的词Few of，根据“前否后肯”原则，所以疑问部分应用肯定形式，前半句时态是一般过去时，句中包含实义动词hurt，所以助动词用did来反问，主语Few of them，用代词they来代替。故填did；they。 72． attended didn’t you 【解析】attend“参加”；last Friday是一般过去时的标志，动词需用过去式；陈述部分是肯定句，疑问部分需用否定式didn’t构成；主语you不变。故填attended；didn’t；you。 73． remind her about 【解析】根据中英文对比可知，空格处应填入意为“提醒她关于……的事”。remind sb. about sth.为固定搭配，意为“提醒某人某事”，且位于“forget to do”结构中，故动词remind应用原形。动词remind后接代词宾格形式“她”，即her，故填remind；her；about。 74． tidy up 【解析】结合中英文提示及空格数可知，此处缺“整理”，其对应的英文表达为“tidy up”，为动词短语，且该句考查“ask sb. to do sth.”，意为“要求某人做某事”，应用其动词原形作宾语补足语。故填tidy；up。 75． take in 【解析】对照中英文，设空处缺“吸入”，其英语表达为“take in”，设空处前是不定式符号to，接动词原形。故填take；in。 76． surprised offered to help 【解析】根据英汉对照可知，空处缺少“使……惊讶”和“主动提出帮忙”，“使某人惊讶”常见表达为surprise sb，根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，surprise的过去式是surprised；“主动提出做某事”的英文表达是offer to do sth.，同样offer要用过去式offered； “帮助”help。故填surprised；offered；to；help。 77． explain work out 【解析】根据中英对照可知，此处缺少“解释”和“解出”的英文，explain“解释”，can后使用动词原形；固定短语work out“解决，计算出”，此处放在不定式符号to后，使用动词原形。故填explain；work； out。 78． stay up 【解析】stay up“熬夜”，空格前有不定式的to，宾语从句中采用it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填stay；up。 79． to speak 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处表达的意思是“说”。“It’s+形容词+for sb+to do sth”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，所以这里用动词不定式形式。“说英语”常用“speak English”，故填to speak。 80． decided not to attend 【解析】分析句子可知，空处需要翻译的是“决定不参加”，decide not to do sth.意为“决定不再做某事”，动词短语，此处描述的动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，此处用动词过去式decided；attend意为“参加”，动词。故填decided；not；to；attend。 81． decide/decided to have 【解析】decide to do sth“决定做某事”，结合语境可知，句子时态可以为一般现在时或一般过去时均可，主语we为第一人称复数，因此谓语动词可以为动词原形或过去式，即decide/decided；have a picnic“去野餐”，固定短语。故填decide/decided；to；have。 82． to climb 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，动词短语；climb“爬”，动词。故填to；climb。 83． drink enough water 【解析】drink“喝”，不定式符号to后跟动词原形；enough water“足量的水”，作宾语。故填drink；enough；water。 84． make a plan 【解析】由中英文对比可知，缺少“制定一个计划”的意思，其英语表达是“make a plan”，在to后面用动词原形。故填make；a；plan。 85． how to 【解析】此处是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，中英文对照可知，此处缺少中文“如何”的翻译，“如何”意为“how”。故填how；to。 86． bring out 【解析】“把……展现出来”bring out，是固定搭配。“疑问词+动词不定式”在句中作宾语，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填bring；out。 87． It to depend 【解析】“it’s adj. for sb. to do sth.”意为“对某人来说，做某事是……的”，depend on“依靠”。句子开头首字母大写。故填It；to；depend。 88． get in touch with 【解析】和……取得联系：get in touch with，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填get；in；touch；with。 89． challenge himself to 【解析】挑战自己：challenge oneself to，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形；他自己：himself。故填challenge；himself；to。 90． keep in touch with 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，英语句子缺少“与……保持联系”的表达，其短语是keep in touch with；结合句意可知，此句是表达人们需要写东西的目的，所以此处用动词不定式作目的状语，to后接动词原形，故填keep；in；touch；with。 91． depend on instead of 【解析】根据所给句意可知，前两空表示“依靠”，应用短语depend on，want to do sth.“想做某事”，depend用原形；第3、4空表示“而不是”，用短语instead of，意为“代替”。故填depend；on；instead；of。 92． by looking out of 【解析】对比中英文可知，空处表示“通过观察窗外”。by表示“通过”，介词；look out of“从……朝外看”，动词短语。介词by后用doing。故填by；looking；out；of。 93． point to things with 【解析】point to sth“指向某物”，主语是复数名词，动词用原形，thing“东西”，此处应用复数形式，表示泛指，with“用”，是介词，故填point；to；things；with。 94． by singing 【解析】“通过做某事”by doing sth，表示手段，方式；“唱歌”sing，动名词是singing。故填by；singing。 95． by reading 【解析】by“通过”，介词后加动名词作宾语；read“阅读”。故填by；reading。 三、 96． A great composer—Beethoven I read about Beethoven in an encyclopaedia yesterday. Now let me tell you something about him. Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770. He was not only a famous pianist, but also a composer and musician. He showed musical talent at a very young age. When he was four years old, he could already play the piano. But when he was twenty years old, he lost his hearing. In spite of this, he never gave up his love for music. He created a lot of wonderful music in his life. Beethoven was a great musician. We should learn from his story and try to pursue our dreams. The most important is, don’t give up when you meet difficulties. [总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ② 时态：时态为“一般过去时”和“一般现在时”； ③ 提示：写作要点已给出，考生注意不要遗漏，并注意适当添加细节，突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，对贝多芬基本信息的介绍； 第二步，根据时间线，着重描写贝多芬的一生； 第三步，发表自己对贝多芬的看法。 [亮点词汇] ① at a very young age 在很小的时候 ② in spite of 虽然 ③ give up 放弃 [高分句型] ① He was not only a famous pianist, but also a composer and musician.（not only...but also...句式） ② When he was four years old, he could already play the piano.（when引导的时间状语从句） 97． Dear Tom, How are you going? I’ve received your letter. In the letter you talked about your last speech. You felt nervous and embarrassed. You didn’t know what to say. Do you know how to make a successful speech? Here is some advice. Firstly, you can introduce yourself and tell them what your subject is. In order to break the ice, you can tell a small joke to make your talk humorous. Secondly, during your speech, you should try to avoid making mistakes. Mistakes can make people feel uncomfortable. Thirdly, you must be full of self-confidence. You must smile. Smile can make people feel relaxed. I think you will make a perfect speech next time. Yours, Editor [总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文； ② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③ 提示：针对所给的一些提示内容给Tom一些做演讲的建议，围绕主题，可适当发挥。 [写作步骤] 第一步，整体说明对方的问题以及引出建议； 第二步，具体给出对方建议； 第三步，最后作小结。 [亮点词汇] ①in order to为了 ②avoid doing sth避免做某事 ③be full of充满 [高分句型] ①Firstly, you can introduce yourself and tell them what your subject is.（what引导宾语从句） ②I think you will make a perfect speech next time.（省略that的宾语从句） 98． Dear Jack， The winter vacation is around the corner. Last holiday, I just stayed at home to watch TV and play computer games. It was meaningless. For this time, I make the meaningful plans. First, I am going to read at least three books. I’m going to learn to swim and exercise three times a week. In order to improve my English, I plan to watch an English movie every week. I also plan to help my parents with the housework. What’s your plan for the winter vacation? I am looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文； ②时态：时态以“一般过去时”和“一般将来时”为主； ③提示：写作要点已给出，可适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点题,简单介绍去年寒假所做的事情。 第二步，介绍今年的寒假计划。 第三步，书写结语，表达愿望。 [亮点词汇] ①stay at home待在家里 ②play computer games玩电脑游戏 ③at least至少 ④three times a week一周三次 [高分句型] ①Last holiday, I just stayed at home to watch TV and play computer games.（and连接的动词短语） ②In order to improve my English, I plan to watch an English movie every week.（in order to引导的目的状语） 99． Dear friends,           It is my great honor to make a speech for you. I would like to talk about how to be a good teenager.       First of all, it’s necessary to have good manners in public. For example, we shouldn’t shout loudly in public. It’s wrong of us to drop litter everywhere. When we have meals, we should eat up all the food. It’s a shame to waste food.       In our free time, we should enjoy reading because books are full of knowledge. They can not only make us wiser but help us relax. We shouldn’t be afraid of asking questions. Being curious is a good way to learn more and understand better.      We should also help the people in need. At weekends, we can talk with the elderly and help them do some cleaning.       That’s all. Thanks for listening! [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ②时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”； ③提示：文章的写作要点已给出，按照提示的要点逐点阐述，可以适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍演讲主题，简要说明成为好青少年的重要性。 第二步，分别从礼仪、学习和生活三个方面详细阐述如何成为一个好青少年。 第三步，总结并呼吁大家共同努力，成为更好的青少年。 [亮点词汇] ①necessary有必要的 ②in public在公共场所 ③knowledge知识 [高分句型] ①First of all, it’s necessary to have good manners in public.(It is+adj.+for sb. to do句型) ②They can not only make us wiser but help us relax(not only...but also...句型) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$