内容正文:
Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World
过去分词做定语,宾补和状语
一、过去分词作定语
定义:过去分词修饰名词,表示被动或完成意义,相当于形容词。
位置:
1. 单个过去分词通常前置(放在名词前)。
2. 分词短语需后置(放在名词后)。
例句:
1. The broken window needs repair.(被打破的窗户)
2. The book written by Hemingway is a classic.(海明威写的书)
注意事项:
及物动词的过去分词表被动(如:a stolen car)。
不及物动词的过去分词表完成(如:fallen leaves)。
对比现在分词:a boiling cup(正在沸腾的杯子) vs. a boiled egg(煮熟的蛋)。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
定义:补充说明宾语的状态或动作结果,常用于“动词+宾语+过去分词”结构。
常用动词:
感官动词:see, hear, feel, watch
使役动词:make, get, have, keep
其他动词:find, leave, want
例句:
1. I heard my name called.(听到名字被叫)
2. She had her hair cut yesterday.(让头发被剪)
3. He found the door locked.(发现门被锁)
三、过去分词作状语
定义:修饰整个句子,表示时间、原因、条件、让步等逻辑关系,与主语构成被动关系。
位置:句首、句中或句末,常用逗号隔开。
时间状语:
Seen from the hill, the city looks small.(= When it is seen from the hill)
原因状语:
Exhausted by work, he fell asleep immediately.(= Because he was exhausted by work)
条件状语:
Given more time, I could finish the task.(= If I were given more time)
让步状语:
Criticized by others, she continued her research.(= Though she was criticized by others)
知识对点练习
1.Things were swept away by huge waves (cause) by the strong earthquake that had reached a magnitude of 9.0.
2.The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine (combine) with modern cooking methods.
3.Tai Chi deeply (root) in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang gains great popularity.
4.The exchange students (expose) to another culture and its people can get great insight into the world.
5.He came up with an idea for the magazine (target) at school kids.
6.This magazine, (found) in 1981, is one of the most successful and popular magazines.
7.Many things such as going abroad and owning a car, (consider) impossible in the past, are now very common.
8.The TV series (base) on Li Juan’s award-winning essay collection “My Altay” has boosted tourism in Xinjiang.
9.The company, (locate) in the center of the city, mainly dealt with machine maintenance and repair.
10.We learn that some of the injuries (associate) with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
11.The report (base) on last year’s research provides valuable insights for future planning.
12.Bruce read a book (entitle) “Salt”.
13.The closing ceremony of the Olympics follows 17 days of frequently breathtaking sporting action (set) against the backdrop of iconic Parisian landmarks from the Eiffel Tower to the Chateau de Versailles.
14.I’d like to thank everyone (concern) for making the occasion run so smoothly.
15.They agree to form a council (compose) of leaders of different parties.
16.A team of scientists (lead) by Professor Eli at the University of Washington has now found the answer.
17.By contrast, “loong”, a word (create)in the 19th century, reminds people of strength and fortune, and should be distinguished from its Western cousin.
18.We are happy to see that many laws (intend) for protecting the young kids from the bad effect of the Internet have been made.
19.Here are some new computer programs (design) for home buildings.
20.By means of the mass media, many (advertise) products have entered every household.
21.Having spent three years writing “The Vegetarian”, Han Kang found herself still (attach) to that story.
22.It is necessary that we keep the young generation (inform) of the current affairs.
23.I’m not very good at German, but I can make myself (understand).
24.One day, when Tom opened his book, he found a beautiful card (attach) to the first page, giving him best wishes.
25.With all his attention (concentrate) on the computer games he was playing, he didn’t notice his mother enter the room.
26.He sat in my room for a few minutes with his eyes (fix) on the poster on the wall.
27.The boy sat in the room, with his eyes (fix) on the ceiling.
28.I find myself deeply (attract) to the job due to the fact that it is both meaningful and rewarding.
29.It’s important to have your eyes (examine) regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom.
30.Michael put up a picture of his favourite football player beside the bed to keep himself (remind) of his own dreams.
31.In the middle of the crowded city, she suddenly found herself (leave) alone, feeling small and out of place.
32.With his attention (focus) on the computer game, he didn’t notice that I called him.
33.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself (hear).
34.When did you have your house (paint)?
35.He is trying his best to have his English (improve).
36.She had her painting ( box) so it was safely delivered.
37.The newspaper always keeps us (inform) of the event taking place in the world.
38.It is important to have your eyes (examine) regularly to check for any sign of eye disease.
39.With all the homework (finish), Jack went out to play basketball with his friends happily.
40.Every day read a short English passage aloud several times until you have it (memorize).
41. (compare) with them, we are much happier.
42. (inspire) by his teacher’s words, Ben decided to teach in the village.
43. by acts of kindness she witnessed in her community, she decided to dedicate her weekends to volunteering at the local animal shelter. (inspire)
44.She has shown considerable improvement in her academic performance, (compare) with last semester.
45. (expose) to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica.
46. (employ) in endless work, she couldn’t spare even one minute for pleasure.
47. (involve) actively in community activities, we can gain experience for growth.
48. (distribute) to the students at home, the textbooks enabled them to study more efficiently.
49. (employ) in dealing with professional matters, he paid no attention to the outside world.
50. (locate) at the heart of this city, the museum attracts thousands of visitors every year.
51. (base) on a short story by Thomas Mann, the film is well received.
52. (strike) by his inspiring words, I decided to make efforts to improve my English.
53. (watch) by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions.
54. (compare) with the past, her fitness has improved a lot.
55. (impression) by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.
56. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
57. (compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.
58. (aim) at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking, the project is supported by us.
59. (equip) with advanced knowledge, we can better understand nature.
60. (base) on a real-life incident, the movie is quite touching.
2 / 3
1 / 3
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$
参考答案:
1.caused
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:9.0级强震引发的巨浪冲走了一切。空处需要非谓语动词作定语。该动词和修饰的名词waves之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。
2.combined
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这家漂亮的殖民风格房子的菜单上包括与现代烹饪方法相结合的传统泰国菜。“(combine) with modern cooking methods”在句中作后置定语,combine(结合,组合)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语Thai cuisine之间为被动关系,用过去分词表被动,作定语。故填combined。
3.rooted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:植根于中国阴阳哲学的太极拳受到极大的欢迎。句子谓语动词是gains,所给词“root”只能用非谓语动词,root与逻辑主语Tai Chi之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式rooted,作后置定语,表示“植根于”。故填rooted。
4.exposed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:交换学生接触到另一种文化和人民,可以对世界有很好的了解。be exposed to 曝光于; 接触,在句中作后置定语,修饰名词students,所以用过去分词形式。故填exposed。
5.targeted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他想出了一个针对在校学生的杂志的主意。be targeted at“把……作为对象”,固定短语,此处使用过去分词作后置定语,故填targeted。
6.founded
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:这本杂志创刊于1981年,是最成功、最受欢迎的杂志之一。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词this magazine,found与所修饰词之间为被动关系,所以使用过去分词形式。故填founded。
7.considered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:许多事情,如出国和拥有汽车,过去被认为是不可能的,现在却很常见。句中已有谓语are,空处应使用其非谓语形式,consider(考虑)与其逻辑主语many things是逻辑上的动宾关系,可使用consider过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词“things”。故填considered。
8.based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:根据李娟获奖散文集《我的阿勒泰》改编的电视剧促进了新疆的旅游业。be based on” 表示 “基于;以……为基础”。名词The TV series与 base之间是被动关系,使用过去分词短语 based on作后置定语。故填based。
9.located
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:位于城市中心的这家公司主要处理机器的维护和修复。此处作定语,修饰the company,the company与locate之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填located。
10.associated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们了解到,一些与跑步有关的损伤,比如跑步者的膝盖,在竞走者中并不常见。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,associate和some of the injuries为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填associated。
11.based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这份基于去年研究的报告为未来规划提供了有价值的见解。 be based on为固定搭配,意为“基于”。句子已有谓语provides,故空格处填非谓语,用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。
12.entitled
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:布鲁斯读了一本名为《盐》的书。本句已有谓语动词read,所以entitle用非谓语形式,和逻辑主语book之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动。故填entitled。
13.set
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在17天里,令人叹为观止的体育比赛接连上演,从埃菲尔铁塔到凡尔赛宫,这些比赛都以巴黎标志性的地标为背景,之后奥运会闭幕式举行。句中已有谓语动词follows,“(set) against the backdrop of iconic Parisian landmarks”作后置定语,set(以……为背景)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语action之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,表被动。故填set。
14.concerned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我要感谢所有相关人员使这次活动进行得如此顺利。concern“涉及,牵涉”,动词,和everyone之间是动宾关系,使用过去分词作后置定语,故填concerned。
15.composed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他们同意组建一个由不同政党的领导人组成的委员会。be composed of意为“由……组成”,空处需要非谓语动词作定语,所以去掉be动词,剩下过去分词作定语。故填composed。
16.led
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由华盛顿大学伊莱教授领导的一组科学家现在已经找到了答案。lead和scientists之间是被动关系,使用过去分词作后置定语,故填led。
17.created
【详解】考查非谓语。句意:相比之下,“龙”,一个19世纪创造的词,让人想起力量和财富,应该与它的西方表亲区分开来。分析句子结构可知,该句已有谓语reminds,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰word,word 和create二者之间是被动关系,用过去分词短语在句中作后置定语。故填created。
18.intended
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们很高兴看到,许多旨在保护幼儿免受互联网不良影响的法律已经制定。are为句子的谓语动词,空处为非谓语动词,修饰名词many laws,动词intend与其逻辑主语many laws之间构成动宾关系,需用过去分词intended,作后置定语。故填intended。
19.designed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这里有一些为家庭建筑设计的新电脑程序。句中谓语是are,空格处用非谓语动词,programs和design之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填designed。
20.advertised
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:通过大众传媒,许多广告产品进入了千家万户。advertise和products之间是被动关系,使用过去分词作定语,故填advertised。
21.attached
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:韩江花了三年时间写《素食者》,她发现自己仍然对这个故事念念不忘。句中宾语herself和 attach之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填attached。
22.informed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们有必要让年轻一代了解时事。此处inform与generation构成被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填informed。
23.understood
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我的德语不太好,但我能让别人明白我的意思。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法,空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,myself和understand为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填understood。
24.attached
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有一天,当汤姆打开书的时候,他发现第一页附有一张漂亮的卡片,上面写着对他的祝福。“find+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法,空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,a beautiful card和attach为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填attached。
25.concentrated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于他的注意力都集中在电脑游戏上,他没有注意到他妈妈进了房间。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”,concentrate和attention之间是被动关系,使用过去分词作宾补,故填concentrated。
26.fixed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他在我的房间里坐了几分钟,眼睛盯着墙上的海报。此处为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”,且fix与his eyes构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作宾补。故填fixed。
27.fixed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:男孩坐在房间里,眼睛盯着天花板。fix one’s eyes on “注目,盯”。句子中“with his eyes ____ (fix) on the ceiling”为with复合结构,逻辑主语his eyes与fix之间为被动关系,因此用过去分词形式,作宾补。故填fixed。
28.attracted
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:我发现自己被这份工作深深吸引了,因为它既有意义又有回报。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构,attract与宾语myself之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式作宾补。故填attracted。
29.examined
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:定期检查眼睛是很重要的,以检查任何可能没有任何症状的眼部疾病的迹象。have sth. done是固定短语,意为“使某物被……”,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,作宾补,故填examined。
30.reminded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:迈克尔在床边贴了一张他最喜欢的足球运动员的照片,以提醒自己不要忘记自己的梦想。remind(提醒)作宾语补足语,与其逻辑主语himself之间是被动关系,用过去分词reminded表被动,故填reminded。
31.left
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在拥挤的城市中心,她突然发现自己独自一人,觉得自己很渺小,格格不入。found后宾语herself 与leave alone之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填left。
32.focused
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他的注意力都集中在电脑游戏上,没有注意到我打电话给他。此处是with复合结构,attention和focus之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填focused。
33.heard
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:房间里太吵了,演讲者不能让别人听到他讲话。动词hear和被修饰的himself是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词形式,表示被动,作补语。故填heard。
34.painted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你们什么时候刷的房子?have为使役动词,构成“have+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语,该动词和宾语之间为被动关系,所以需要过去分词作宾补。故填painted。
35.improved
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他正在尽最大努力提高英语水平。“have+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法,空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,his English和improve为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填improved。
36.boxed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她让人把她的画装进箱子里,以便安全地送到。“have + 宾语 + 过去分词”是固定搭配,表示“让某事被做”,空处需填过去分词作宾语补足语。故填boxed。
37.informed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:报纸总是使我们了解世界上正在发生的事件。us与inform构成被动关系,keep sb informed of意思为:让某人知晓,了解……,为固定短语,空处用inform的过去分词作宾补。故填informed。
38.examined
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:定期检查眼睛以检查是否有眼部疾病的迹象是很重要的。设空处为句子的非谓语,和其逻辑主语eyes之间是逻辑的被动关系,应用动词的过去分词的形式作宾语补足语。故填examined。
39.finished
【详解】考查非谓语动词之with复合结构。句意:所有的作业完成后,杰克高兴地和朋友们出去打篮球了。所给动词finish在句中作介词with的宾语的补足语,与宾语homework为被动关系,Jack与朋友出去打球了,应该是作业已经完成,应使用过去分词形式,表示“被动且完成”。故填finished。
40.memorized
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:每天大声朗读一段短的英语,直到你记住。空处所填词作宾语补足语, memorize与宾语it之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 应用过去分词。故填memorized。
41.Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:与他们相比,我们更快乐。空格处在句中作状语,动词compare与其逻辑主语we之间存在被动关系,因此需使用过去分词形式作状语,放在句首首字母大写。故填Compared。
42.Inspired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到老师话语的启发,Ben决定去村里教书。谓语为decided,空处需要填非谓语动词,inspire与Ben之间为逻辑被动关系,应用过去分词作状语。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Inspired。
43.Inspired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到她在社区中见证的善行的启发,她决定将周末时间投入到当地动物收容所的志愿服务中。空处在句中作非谓语,与主语she构成被动关系,应填过去分词形式inspired,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Inspired。
44.compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:与上学期相比,她的学习成绩有了很大的进步。短语be compared with表示“与……相比”,过去分词作状语。故填compared。
45.Exposed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管暴露在寒冷的天气中,许多勇敢的游客和科学家仍然选择去南极洲旅游。本句谓语为choose,此处为非谓语动词,且expose“使暴露”与逻辑主语many brave tourists and scientists为被动关系,应用过去分词,作状语。位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Exposed。
46.Employed
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:被无休止的工作所占据,她甚至不能抽出一分钟来享受。句子的谓语动词是spare ,employ用非谓语动词形式作状语,employ与逻辑主语she是被动关系,故使用过去分词employed。故填Employed。
47.Involved
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:积极参与社区活动,我们可以获得成长的经验。be involved in参与,为固定短语,本句为过去分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Involved。
48.Distributed
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:课本被分发给家里的学生,使他们能更有效地学习。此处为非谓语动词作状语,distribute与逻辑主语textbooks构成被动关系,所以用过去分词形式,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Distributed。
49.Employed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于忙于处理专业事务,他没有注意外界。“_____ in dealing with professional matters”在句中作原因状语,employ是非谓语动词,且常用被动语态形式be employed in表示主动的意思“忙于,从事”,所以用过去分词employed与其逻辑主语he构成被动关系,作原因状语;句首单词首字母大写。故填Employed。
50.Located
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:位于这座城市中心的博物馆每年吸引成千上万的游客。句中已有谓语attracts,空处作非谓语动词,be located为固定短语,去掉be动词,使用过去分词形式located作状语,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Located。
51.Based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这部电影改编自托马斯·曼的短篇小说,广受好评。短语be based on表示“基于”,省略be动词,用过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Based。
52.Struck/Stricken
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被他鼓舞人心的话触动了,我决定努力提高我的英语水平。strike和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系,使用过去分词作状语,strike的过去分词有两种形式struck和stricken,首字母应大写,故填Struck/Stricken。
53.Watched
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:在数百万人的注视下,这场比赛的结局众说纷纭。句中已有谓语has divided,空处作非谓语动词,watch和逻辑主语the ending to the race之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式作状语,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Watched。
54.Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:与过去相比,她的健康状况改善了很多。句中已有谓语动词has improved,“(compare) with the past”作比较状语,compare(与……相比)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语her fitness之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动;句首单词首字母要大写。故填Compared。
55.Impressed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被这美丽的景色所感动,我忘了及时回家。空处需填非谓语动词作状语,impress 和 I 之间是被动关系,因与其逻辑主语I之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,使用过去分词。位于句首,首字母需大写。故填 Impressed。
56.Lost
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为陷入沉思,他几乎要撞上了他前面的汽车。动词lose和句子主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词形式,表示被动,作状语。位于句首,首字母大写。故填Lost。
57.Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:和旧的相比,这栋新的建筑看起来更加漂亮。动词compare和句子主语the new building是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词形式,表示被动,作状语。位于句首,首字母大写。故填Compared。
58.Aimed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:旨在提高学生的听说能力,该项目得到了我们的支持。be aimed at,意为“旨在……;目的在于……”,aim与the project是被动关系,用过去分词作状语,故填Aimed。
59.Equipped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有了先进的知识,我们就能更好地了解自然。句子主干成分完整,空处是非谓语,表示一种条件,equip和we逻辑上是是动宾关系,短语be equipped with意为“装备有,具有”,因此用equip的过去分词形式,作状语,且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Equipped。
60.Based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这部电影取材于一个真实的事件,非常感人。分析句子可知,设空处用作句子的原因状语,动词base和逻辑主语the movie是被动关系,应使用过去分词。位于句首首字母大写。故填Based。
答案第1页,共2页
答案第1页,共2页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$