Unit 1 Teenage Life 短语（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版2019必修第一册

Unit 1 Teenage Life 核心语法精练（短语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、标出下列句子中名词短语(NP)、形容词短语(AdjP)及副词短语(AdvP)并说出其语法功能 4 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 7 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 10 短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。本单元学习以下三种短语： （一）名词短语(Noun Phrase,简称 NP) （1）含义：名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词 （2）构成：名词短语由名词与它的修饰语起构成。名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，叫作前置定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，叫作后置定语。 <1>前置定语：一般来说，名词前面有三种修饰语。其一是限定词，用来限定名词所指的范围，对名词起泛指或特指作用表示确定数量或不确定数量等的限定修饰作用，主要包括冠词(a,an,the)、指示代词(this,that,these,those等)、物主代词(my,your,his,her,our,their等)、不定代词(some ,no, neither, both,every,other等)及一些数词(first,two,one third)等。其二是形容词(短语)，用来表示名词的性质和特征，比如red,close,new,small等。其三是描述性名词。 <2>后置定语：在复杂的名词短语中更常见的是后置定语(包括定语从句、分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语等)。 看下面这组例子: the girl 限定词+名词 the cute girl 限定词+形容词+名词 the baby girl 限定词+描述性名词+名词 the cute baby girl 限定词+形容词 +描述性名词+名词 cute girls 形容词+名词 baby girls 描述性名词+名词 the cute baby girl in pink dress 限定词+形容词+描述性名词+名词+介词短语 the cute baby girl wearing pink dress 限定词+形容词+描述性名词+名词+分词短语 girls in pink dress 名词+介词短语… 综上所述，名词短语的组成为：(限定词+)(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词+)名词(+介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句等)；修饰名词的定语，其语序的位置是有规律的，即：限定词+形容词(短语)+描述性名词+中性名词+后置定语(介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句等) 二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase, 简称AdjP) 定义：形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 构成： 1.两个或多个形容词可以由and, but 等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语 Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。 2. very, enough等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 The road is long enough. 这条路够长的。 3.介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词一起构成形容词短语 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 4. 不定式在形容词后作修饰语，与形容词一起构成形容词短语 He is anxious to know the answer. 他焦急地想知道答案。 功能：形容词短语可作定语、表语、宾补和状语等。 Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others. 李明是一名高中生，总是乐于助人。 (作定语） China is rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。 (作表语） We found them tired and sleepy at home. 我们发现他们在家又累又困。 (作宾补） Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 他很感兴趣，答应试一试。 (作状语） 注意： 多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为： （1） 冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词＋ （2）序数词、基数词＋ （3）一般性描绘形容词＋（4） 大小、长短、形状、年龄、新旧＋（5）颜色＋（6）国籍、出处＋（7）材料＋（8）用途、类别＋（9）最终修饰的名词或动名词。 口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，用途类别往后靠。 三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase, 简称AdvP) 定义：副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语，副词短语以副词为核心词，同时整个短语在句子中仍然为副词的功能。 构成： 1. 两个或多个副词可以由and, but 等对等连词连接构成副词短语 I tried again and again. 我试了一遍又一遍。 2.very, quite, extremely等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语 My grandma sat in the chair quite comfortably. 我奶奶坐在椅子上相当舒服。 3. 介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语 He ran fast on his way home. 回家的路上他跑得很快。 功能：副词短语可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等；主要在句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式等意义，还可作表语、定语、宾补等。 Jim spoke so quickly that no one could understand him. 吉姆说得那么快，谁也听不懂他的话。 (作状语，表原因） The doctor came back quite recently. 那位医生最近回来了。 (作状语，表时间） The teacher speaks clearly enough. 老师说得够清楚。 (作状语，表方式） 一、标出下列句子中名词短语(NP)、形容词短语(AdjP)及副词短语(AdvP)并说出其语法功能 1．I think your answer correct and proper. 2．Every nation, big or small, has its strengths and weaknesses. 3．I have three close friends. 4．The room was awfully dirty. 5．He tried again and again. 6．These books are for you. 7．The bottle is full of water. 8．He runs very fast. 9．Tom plays the violin quite well. 10．He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry. 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1．It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday. 2．Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 3．I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 4．I find my room clean and tidy. 5．I would like to give you some suggestions. 6．They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 7．We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 8．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 9．What you said just now didn’t make me happy. 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高一上·全国·课堂例题）课本语法填空 Adam is a freshman at senior high school. He is faced with many 1 (challenge) at this time. At first, he didn’t know which courses 2 (choose), but his adviser helped him solve this problem. Though he chose Chinese, he thought 3 was very difficult and hoped to be fluent when he graduated. His adviser also recommended that he 4 (sign) up for 5 (advance) literature. In addition, he wanted to join the school football team but 6 (refuse), 7 made him unhappy. He didn’t give up and decided to find a way 8 (improve) on his own and make the team next year. Adam is also very active in volunteer work. Now he is a volunteer, 9 (hand) out food to homeless people. Studying hard isn’t always fun, but he will try his best to keep up 10 others. （24-25高一上·内蒙古通辽·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Your time at senior high school will open the door to your potential. You may ask what potential is. Potential is your natural ability 1 can be developed when you try hard enough. The possibilities are endless, and you can make 2 difference to your family, to your community and to our country. Over the next three years, your potential 3 (discover) while you develop as a student and as an individual. To fully realise your potential, it is 4 (great) important for you to make the most of the school resources. Join a club or two, and make good friends 5 people around you. But remember a good friend should have some good 6 (quality). A good friend needs to be supportive, generous and selfless. If he is having difficulty 7 (balance) his activities and schoolwork, you should respect and support his choices. When he 8 (struggle) with his schoolwork, you should help him become a more efficient learner. As a senior high school student, you must make efforts 9 (improve) your communication and problem-solving skills. Never lose hope, even in difficult situations. In time you will find 10 (you) growing into a wellrounded individual. Do your best! 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高一上·湖南郴州·期末）For many British parents, what they care most is that their children can receive a good education. The education system of Britain is world-famous. With a long history of academic excellence and a reputation for producing some of the finest minds, it attracts thousands of students from overseas to be educated in many different places including state schools and private schools. In Britain, state schools are maintained and funded by the government or local education authorities while private schools, also called public schools, are mainly operated by some board of trustees. There are two main differences between a private school and a state school. The most important one is that parents must pay fees to send their children to a private school, while a state school is free of charge. This financial burden can be a major consideration for parents when choosing between the two types of schools. However, most parents believe that the investment in a private education is worth it for the quality of education and opportunities it provides. Many public schools, such as Harrow and Eton, have a long history of providing a world-class education and have produced many famous graduates. They offer a wide range of after-school activities and facilities that are often not available in state schools. The other difference is that private schools in this country don’t have to follow the national courses governed by the state or even take the state examinations. Thus, they enjoy a much greater degree of freedom in designing their courses. This allows private schools to offer a more specialized and individualized education, adapting their teaching to the requirements and capabilities of every student. Despite the differences between private schools and state schools, both educational establishments hold great significance in offering excellent education and shaping the future of the country’s youth. 1．What can we know about public schools in Britain? A．They are free of charge. B．They are funded by the state. C．They are run by the government. D．They are managed by the board of trustees. 2．What is a major consideration for parents when choosing schools? A．The cost. B．The size. C．The location. D．The resources. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the different types of schools? A．Unclear. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Indifferent. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Choosing Schools B．The Education System of Britain C．Famous Schools in the UK D．The State Schools and Private Schools （24-25高一上·湖南邵阳·阶段练习）School is, waking up early in the morning, whether it is hot or cold, putting on the school uniform and rushing to the bus stop to catch the school bus and getting used to the words “Hurry up! You will be late!” You reach school and again the same words “Hurry up!” do not let you rest in peace. Throughout the day, it is a mad rush. One period gets over, the other starts and you are ready for the second subject. When you forget to do your homework, you try to sit at the back and pretend to be looking for something on the floor or in your bag. You are lucky if you are not seen and it is bad luck if you get caught. If you are not lucky, be ready for a good scolding during break or after school. If you are lucky and your teacher is in a good mood, you may be left with a warning. However, school is not so dull all the time; the games, library periods and break are welcome time. When you can relax, joke and have fun with your friends. There are some teachers, too, who can make school very exciting. For example, Mr. Taneja, has a typical style of talking, making us always hooked on the playground. School can be fun, real fun, when picnics and field trips are organized. We wait for them eagerly and keep on requesting our class teacher to organize one for us. Debates, quizzes, cultural programs also add luster to an otherwise dull school life. Fun increases after real hard work and you tend to enjoy more than those who had been lazy and have wasted their time. I think this period of your life is the most wonderful period — full of dreams and hope. 1．How is the school life described by the author in the passage? A．Dull and stressful. B．Stressful but interesting. C．Strict and fearful. D．Annoying but funny. 2．What can we conclude (总结)according to the second paragraph? A．Some students hope to get away with their fault. B．Teachers should be more patient to their students. C．Some students dislike finishing their homework. D．Teachers should reduce (减少)the amount of homework. 3．Which subject does Mr. Taneja teach at school? A．Physics. B．Language. C．Chemistry. D．Physical Education. 4．What does the underlined word “luster” mean in the passage? A．Difficulty. B．Value. C．fun. D．Trouble. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Teenage Life 核心语法精练（短语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、标出下列句子中名词短语(NP)、形容词短语(AdjP)及副词短语(AdvP)并说出其语法功能 4 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 7 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 10 短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。本单元学习以下三种短语： （一）名词短语(Noun Phrase,简称 NP) （1）含义：名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词 （2）构成：名词短语由名词与它的修饰语起构成。名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，叫作前置定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，叫作后置定语。 <1>前置定语：一般来说，名词前面有三种修饰语。其一是限定词，用来限定名词所指的范围，对名词起泛指或特指作用表示确定数量或不确定数量等的限定修饰作用，主要包括冠词(a,an,the)、指示代词(this,that,these,those等)、物主代词(my,your,his,her,our,their等)、不定代词(some ,no, neither, both,every,other等)及一些数词(first,two,one third)等。其二是形容词(短语)，用来表示名词的性质和特征，比如red,close,new,small等。其三是描述性名词。 <2>后置定语：在复杂的名词短语中更常见的是后置定语(包括定语从句、分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语等)。 看下面这组例子: the girl 限定词+名词 the cute girl 限定词+形容词+名词 the baby girl 限定词+描述性名词+名词 the cute baby girl 限定词+形容词 +描述性名词+名词 cute girls 形容词+名词 baby girls 描述性名词+名词 the cute baby girl in pink dress 限定词+形容词+描述性名词+名词+介词短语 the cute baby girl wearing pink dress 限定词+形容词+描述性名词+名词+分词短语 girls in pink dress 名词+介词短语… 综上所述，名词短语的组成为：(限定词+)(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词+)名词(+介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句等)；修饰名词的定语，其语序的位置是有规律的，即：限定词+形容词(短语)+描述性名词+中性名词+后置定语(介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句等) 二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase, 简称AdjP) 定义：形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 构成： 1.两个或多个形容词可以由and, but 等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语 Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。 2. very, enough等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 The road is long enough. 这条路够长的。 3.介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词一起构成形容词短语 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 4. 不定式在形容词后作修饰语，与形容词一起构成形容词短语 He is anxious to know the answer. 他焦急地想知道答案。 功能：形容词短语可作定语、表语、宾补和状语等。 Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others. 李明是一名高中生，总是乐于助人。 (作定语） China is rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。 (作表语） We found them tired and sleepy at home. 我们发现他们在家又累又困。 (作宾补） Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 他很感兴趣，答应试一试。 (作状语） 注意： 多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为： （1） 冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词＋ （2）序数词、基数词＋ （3）一般性描绘形容词＋（4） 大小、长短、形状、年龄、新旧＋（5）颜色＋（6）国籍、出处＋（7）材料＋（8）用途、类别＋（9）最终修饰的名词或动名词。 口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，用途类别往后靠。 三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase, 简称AdvP) 定义：副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语，副词短语以副词为核心词，同时整个短语在句子中仍然为副词的功能。 构成： 1. 两个或多个副词可以由and, but 等对等连词连接构成副词短语 I tried again and again. 我试了一遍又一遍。 2.very, quite, extremely等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语 My grandma sat in the chair quite comfortably. 我奶奶坐在椅子上相当舒服。 3. 介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语 He ran fast on his way home. 回家的路上他跑得很快。 功能：副词短语可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等；主要在句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式等意义，还可作表语、定语、宾补等。 Jim spoke so quickly that no one could understand him. 吉姆说得那么快，谁也听不懂他的话。 (作状语，表原因） The doctor came back quite recently. 那位医生最近回来了。 (作状语，表时间） The teacher speaks clearly enough. 老师说得够清楚。 (作状语，表方式） 一、标出下列句子中名词短语(NP)、形容词短语(AdjP)及副词短语(AdvP)并说出其语法功能 1．I think your answer correct and proper. 2．Every nation, big or small, has its strengths and weaknesses. 3．I have three close friends. 4．The room was awfully dirty. 5．He tried again and again. 6．These books are for you. 7．The bottle is full of water. 8．He runs very fast. 9．Tom plays the violin quite well. 10．He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry. 【答案】 1．your answer为名词短语(NP)，作宾语；correct and proper为形容词短语(AdjP)，作宾语补足语 2．Every nation为名词短语(NP)，作主语；big or small为形容词短语(AdjP)，作定语；its strengths and weaknesses为名词短语(NP)，作宾语 3．three close friends为名词短语(NP)，作宾语。 4．The room为名词短语(NP)，作主语；awfully dirty为形容词短语(AdjP)，作表语。 5．again and again为副词短语(AdvP)，作状语。 6．These books为名词短语(NP)，作主语。 7．full of water为形容词短语(AdjP)，作表语。 8．very fast为副词短语(AdvP)，作状语。 9．quite well为副词短语(AdvP)，作状语。 10．cold and hungry为形容词短语(AdjP)，作状语。 【解析】1．考查句子成分和语法功能。句意：我认为你的回答是正确的。分析句子可知，your answer为名词短语(NP)，作宾语；correct and proper为形容词短语(AdjP)，作宾语补足语。故填：your answer为名词短语(NP)，作宾语；correct and proper为形容词短语(AdjP)，作宾语补足语。 2．考查句子成分和语法功能句意：每个国家，无论大小，都有自己的长处和短处。分析句子可知，Every nation为名词短语(NP)，作主语；big or small为形容词短语(AdjP)，作定语；its strengths and weaknesses为名词短语(NP)，作宾语。故填：Every nation为名词短语(NP)，作主语；big or small为形容词短语(AdjP)，作定语；its strengths and weaknesses为名词短语(NP)，作宾语。 3．考查句子成分和语法功能句意：我有三个亲密的朋友。分析句子可知，three close friends为名词短语(NP)，作宾语。故填：，three close friends为名词短语(NP)，作宾语。 4．考查句子成分和语法功能。句意：房间脏得要命。分析句子可知，The room为名词短语(NP)，作主语；awfully dirty为形容词短语(AdjP)，作表语。故填：The room为名词短语(NP)，作主语；awfully dirty为形容词短语(AdjP)，作表语。 5．考查句子成分和语法功能。句意：他试了一次又一次。分析句子可知，again and again为副词短语(AdvP)，作状语。故填：again and again为副词短语(AdvP)，作状语。 6．考查句子成分和语法功能。句意：这些书是给你的。分析句子可知，These books为名词短语(NP)，作主语。故填：分析句子可知，These books为名词短语(NP)，作主语。 7．考查句子成分和语法功能。句意：瓶子里装满了水。分析句子可知，full of water为形容词短语(AdjP)，作表语。故填：full of water为形容词短语(AdjP)，作表语。 8．考查句子成分和语法功能。句意：他跑得很快。分析句子可知，very fast为副词短语(AdvP)，作状语。故填：very fast为副词短语(AdvP)，作状语。 9．考查句子成分和语法功能。句意：汤姆小提琴拉得很好。分析句子可知，quite well为副词短语(AdvP)，作状语。故填：quite well为副词短语(AdvP)，作状语。 10．考查句子成分和语法功能。句意：他在风雪中度过了七天，又冷又饿。分析句子可知，cold and hungry为形容词短语(AdjP)，作状语。故填：cold and hungry为形容词短语(AdjP)，作状语。 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1．It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday. 2．Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 3．I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 4．I find my room clean and tidy. 5．I would like to give you some suggestions. 6．They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 7．We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 8．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 9．What you said just now didn’t make me happy. 【答案】1．状语 2．主语 3．宾语 4．宾语补足语 5．直接宾语 6．状语 7．宾语 8．表语 9．主语 【解析】1．考查状语。句意：它将于下周五下午3点至5点在学校演讲厅举行。It 作主语；will be held作谓语；in the school lecture hall 作地点状语；from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. 作时间状语；next Friday 作时间状语。故填状语。 2．考查主语。句意：我们的努力工作最后会被回报的。Our hard work作主语；will  be rewarded 作谓语；finally作状语。故填主语。 3．考查宾语。句意：我在去年的英语演讲比赛中赢得了一等奖。I 作主语；won作谓语；first prize作宾语；in the English Speech Competition作地点状语；last year作时间状语。故填宾语。 4．考查宾语补足语。句意：我发现我的房间干净整洁。I 作主语；find 作谓语；my room作宾语；clean and tidy 作宾语补足语。故填宾语补足语。 5．考查直接宾语。句意：我想给你一些建议。I作主语；would like to give 作谓语；you作间接宾语；some suggestions作直接宾语。故填直接宾语。 6．考查状语。句意：他们应该利用业余时间仔细品尝这些美妙的作品。They作主语；should make use of 作谓语；their spare time作宾语；to taste these wonderful works carefully作目的状语。故填状语。 7．考查宾语。句意：我们真诚希望您的健康会很快改善。We作主语；hope作谓语；that your health will improve soon整个句子作hope的宾语。故填宾语。 8．考查表语。句意：问题是没人知道这个新医院的地址。The question作主语；is 作谓语；that no one knows the location of the new hospital整个句子作表语。故填表语。 9．考查主语。句意：你刚才所说的没有使我开心。What you said just now作整个主句的主语；didn’t make 作谓语；me作宾语；happy作宾语补足语。故填主语。 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高一上·全国·课堂例题）课本语法填空 Adam is a freshman at senior high school. He is faced with many 1 (challenge) at this time. At first, he didn’t know which courses 2 (choose), but his adviser helped him solve this problem. Though he chose Chinese, he thought 3 was very difficult and hoped to be fluent when he graduated. His adviser also recommended that he 4 (sign) up for 5 (advance) literature. In addition, he wanted to join the school football team but 6 (refuse), 7 made him unhappy. He didn’t give up and decided to find a way 8 (improve) on his own and make the team next year. Adam is also very active in volunteer work. Now he is a volunteer, 9 (hand) out food to homeless people. Studying hard isn’t always fun, but he will try his best to keep up 10 others. 【答案】 1．challenges 2．to choose 3．it 4．sign/should sign 5．advanced 6．was refused 7．which 8．to improve 9．handing 10．with 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了高中新生亚当面临的挑战和他的应对方法，包括选课、学习中文、加入足球队和做志愿者工作。 1．考查名词复数。 句意：此时他面临着许多挑战。根据空前的many可知，本空用名词challenges“挑战”的复数形式。故填challenges。 2．考查非谓语动词。 句意：起初，他不知道该选什么课程，但他的导师帮助他解决了这个问题。本句谓语为didn’t know，此处为非谓语动词，“特殊疑问词+不定式”可作主语、宾语、表语，本空用choose“选择”的不定式。故填to choose。 3．考查代词。 句意：尽管他选择了中文，但他认为中文很难，希望毕业时能流利掌握。本空用代词it，指代前面提到的Chinese，作宾语。故填it。 4．考查虚拟语气。 句意：他的顾问还建议他报名参加高级文学课程。sign up for“报名参加”。recommend后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。故填sign或should sign。 5．考查形容词。 句意：他的顾问还建议他报名参加高级文学课程。本空用形容词advanced“高级的”，作前置定语，修饰名词literature。故填advanced。 6．考查动词语态。 句意：此外，他还想加入校足球队，但被拒绝了，这让他很不开心。根据but前的wanted可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，且he与refuse“拒绝”为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was refused。 7．考查定语从句。 句意：此外，他还想加入校足球队，但被拒绝了，这让他很不开心。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8．考查非谓语动词。 句意：他没有放弃，决定找到一种方法自己提高，明年再加入球队。本句谓语为didn’t give up和decided，此处为非谓语动词，a way to do sth.“做某事的方法”，本空用improve“提高”的不定式，作后置定语，修饰名词way。故填to improve。 9．考查非谓语动词。 句意：现在他是一名志愿者，负责向无家可归的人发放食物。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，且he与hand out“发放”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填handing。 10．考查固定搭配。 句意：努力学习并不总是有趣的，但他会尽力跟上其他人的步伐。本空用介词with，固定搭配keep up with表示“跟上”。故填with。 （24-25高一上·内蒙古通辽·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Your time at senior high school will open the door to your potential. You may ask what potential is. Potential is your natural ability 1 can be developed when you try hard enough. The possibilities are endless, and you can make 2 difference to your family, to your community and to our country. Over the next three years, your potential 3 (discover) while you develop as a student and as an individual. To fully realise your potential, it is 4 (great) important for you to make the most of the school resources. Join a club or two, and make good friends 5 people around you. But remember a good friend should have some good 6 (quality). A good friend needs to be supportive, generous and selfless. If he is having difficulty 7 (balance) his activities and schoolwork, you should respect and support his choices. When he 8 (struggle) with his schoolwork, you should help him become a more efficient learner. As a senior high school student, you must make efforts 9 (improve) your communication and problem-solving skills. Never lose hope, even in difficult situations. In time you will find 10 (you) growing into a wellrounded individual. Do your best! 【答案】 1．that/which 2．a 3．will be discovered 4．greatly 5．with 6．qualities 7．balancing 8．struggles/is struggling 9．to improve 10．yourself 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了高中是学生发展潜力，结交朋友和提高各项技巧的阶段，大家要充分利用这一学段提升自己。 1．考查定语从句引导词。句意：潜力是你天生的能力，当你足够努力时，它可以被开发出来。空处引导定语从句，先行词ability，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。 2．考查不定冠词和固定短语。句意：可能性是无限的，你可以为你的家庭、社区和我们的国家带来影响。“make a difference to…”，固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。故填a。 3．考查时态和被动。句意：在接下来的三年里，当你作为一名学生和一个个体发展时，你的潜力将被发现。根据时间状语“Over the next three years(在接下来的三年里)”可知，这里用一般将来时，且主语“your potential”与动词“discover”之间为被动关系，用一般将来时被动：will be done。故填will be discovered。 4．考查副词。句意：为了充分发挥你的潜力，充分利用学校资源对你来说非常重要。副词作状语，修饰形容词“important”。“great”，形容词，意为“伟大的，数量/程度大的”，其副词形式为“greatly(极大地)”。故填greatly。 5．考查介词和固定搭配。句意：加入一两个俱乐部，和周围的人交好朋友。“make friends with sb.”，固定短语，意为“和某人交朋友”。故填with。 6．考查名词复数。句意：但请记住，一个好朋友应该有一些好的品质。根据空前“some”可知，这里用可数名词复数形式。故填qualities。 7．考查动名词。句意：如果他在平衡活动和学业方面有困难，你应该尊重和支持他的选择。“have difficulty (in) doing”，固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，介词in可省略，动名词作宾语。故填balancing。 8．考查时态。句意：当他在功课上挣扎时，你应该帮助他成为一个更有效率的学习者。分析语境可知，“When he ____8 ____ (struggle) with his schoolwork”为时间状语从句，可用一般现在时表达一般性动作，主语为第三人称单数，动词用单数形式“struggles”；也可用现在进行时表达动作正在进行，即“is struggling”。故填struggles/is struggling。 9．考查动词不定式。句意：作为一名高中生，你必须努力提高你的沟通和解决问题的能力。“__9____ (improve) your communication and problem-solving skills”为目的状语，用动词不定式表达。故填to improve。 10．考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，你会发现你自己正在成长为一个全面发展的人。宾语与主语“you”为同一个人，这里应是用反身代词作宾语。故填yourself。 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高一上·湖南郴州·期末）For many British parents, what they care most is that their children can receive a good education. The education system of Britain is world-famous. With a long history of academic excellence and a reputation for producing some of the finest minds, it attracts thousands of students from overseas to be educated in many different places including state schools and private schools. In Britain, state schools are maintained and funded by the government or local education authorities while private schools, also called public schools, are mainly operated by some board of trustees. There are two main differences between a private school and a state school. The most important one is that parents must pay fees to send their children to a private school, while a state school is free of charge. This financial burden can be a major consideration for parents when choosing between the two types of schools. However, most parents believe that the investment in a private education is worth it for the quality of education and opportunities it provides. Many public schools, such as Harrow and Eton, have a long history of providing a world-class education and have produced many famous graduates. They offer a wide range of after-school activities and facilities that are often not available in state schools. The other difference is that private schools in this country don’t have to follow the national courses governed by the state or even take the state examinations. Thus, they enjoy a much greater degree of freedom in designing their courses. This allows private schools to offer a more specialized and individualized education, adapting their teaching to the requirements and capabilities of every student. Despite the differences between private schools and state schools, both educational establishments hold great significance in offering excellent education and shaping the future of the country’s youth. 1．What can we know about public schools in Britain? A．They are free of charge. B．They are funded by the state. C．They are run by the government. D．They are managed by the board of trustees. 2．What is a major consideration for parents when choosing schools? A．The cost. B．The size. C．The location. D．The resources. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the different types of schools? A．Unclear. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Indifferent. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Choosing Schools B．The Education System of Britain C．Famous Schools in the UK D．The State Schools and Private Schools 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国公立学校和私立学校的区别，包括资金来源、收费情况、课程设置等方面。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In Britain, state schools are maintained and funded by the government or local education authorities while private schools, also called public schools, are mainly operated by some board of trustees. (在英国，公立学校由政府或地方教育当局维持和资助，而私立学校，也称为public schools，主要由一些董事会管理)”可知public schools，也就是私立学校主要由一些董事会管理，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The most important one is that parents must pay fees to send their children to a private school, while a state school is free of charge. This financial burden can be a major consideration for parents when choosing between the two types of schools. (最重要的一点是，父母必须付费才能把孩子送到私立学校，而公立学校是免费的。这种经济负担可能是家长在两种类型的学校之间进行选择时的主要考虑因素)”可知家长选择学校时主要考虑的是费用，故选A。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Despite the differences between private schools and state schools, both educational establishments hold great significance in offering excellent education and shaping the future of the country’s youth. (尽管私立学校和公立学校之间存在差异，但这两类教育机构在提供优质教育和塑造国家青年的未来方面都具有重要意义)”可知，作者客观地介绍了英国公立学校和私立学校的区别，包括资金来源、收费情况、课程设置等方面，没有表现出明显的主观倾向或对某一种学校的偏好或贬低，所以作者的态度是客观的，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“For many British parents, what they care most is that their children can receive a good education. The education system of Britain is world-famous. With a long history of academic excellence and a reputation for producing some of the finest minds, it attracts thousands of students from overseas to be educated in many different places including state schools and private schools. (对于许多英国父母来说，他们最关心的是他们的孩子能接受良好的教育。英国的教育体系世界闻名。凭借悠久的学术卓越历史和培养最优秀人才的声誉，它吸引了成千上万的海外学生到许多不同的地方接受教育，包括公立学校和私立学校)” 可知文章主要讲述了英国公立学校和私立学校的区别，包括资金来源、收费情况、课程设置等方面。所以D选项“公立学校和私立学校”符合文章主旨，故选D。 （24-25高一上·湖南邵阳·阶段练习）School is, waking up early in the morning, whether it is hot or cold, putting on the school uniform and rushing to the bus stop to catch the school bus and getting used to the words “Hurry up! You will be late!” You reach school and again the same words “Hurry up!” do not let you rest in peace. Throughout the day, it is a mad rush. One period gets over, the other starts and you are ready for the second subject. When you forget to do your homework, you try to sit at the back and pretend to be looking for something on the floor or in your bag. You are lucky if you are not seen and it is bad luck if you get caught. If you are not lucky, be ready for a good scolding during break or after school. If you are lucky and your teacher is in a good mood, you may be left with a warning. However, school is not so dull all the time; the games, library periods and break are welcome time. When you can relax, joke and have fun with your friends. There are some teachers, too, who can make school very exciting. For example, Mr. Taneja, has a typical style of talking, making us always hooked on the playground. School can be fun, real fun, when picnics and field trips are organized. We wait for them eagerly and keep on requesting our class teacher to organize one for us. Debates, quizzes, cultural programs also add luster to an otherwise dull school life. Fun increases after real hard work and you tend to enjoy more than those who had been lazy and have wasted their time. I think this period of your life is the most wonderful period — full of dreams and hope. 1．How is the school life described by the author in the passage? A．Dull and stressful. B．Stressful but interesting. C．Strict and fearful. D．Annoying but funny. 2．What can we conclude (总结)according to the second paragraph? A．Some students hope to get away with their fault. B．Teachers should be more patient to their students. C．Some students dislike finishing their homework. D．Teachers should reduce (减少)the amount of homework. 3．Which subject does Mr. Taneja teach at school? A．Physics. B．Language. C．Chemistry. D．Physical Education. 4．What does the underlined word “luster” mean in the passage? A．Difficulty. B．Value. C．fun. D．Trouble. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章描述了既紧张、繁忙又充满乐趣的学校生活。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“School is, waking up early in the morning, whether it is hot or cold, putting on the school uniform and rushing to the bus stop to catch the school bus and getting used to the words “Hurry up! You will be late!” You reach school and again the same words “Hurry up!” do not let you rest in peace.(学校就是，无论天热还是天冷，早起，穿上校服，冲到公交车站赶校车，习惯了“快点！”你要迟到了！”你到了学校，又听到同样的话：“快点！”不要让你安静休息)”和最后一段“School can be fun, real fun, when picnics and field trips are organized.(当组织野餐和实地考察时，学校可以很有趣，真正的有趣)”可知，作者描述的学校生活是既紧张又有趣的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“When you forget to do your homework, you try to sit at the back and pretend to be looking for something on the floor or in your bag. You are lucky if you are not seen and it is bad luck if you get caught. If you are not lucky, be ready for a good scolding during break or after school. If you are lucky and your teacher is in a good mood, you may be left with a warning.(当你忘记做作业时，你试着坐在后面，假装在地板上或包里找东西。如果没人看见你是幸运的，如果被抓住就是倒霉的。如果你不够幸运，准备好在课间休息或放学后挨骂吧。如果你很幸运，你的老师心情很好，你可能会得到一个警告)”可知，有的学生忘了做作业，就会坐在后面假装找东西，是为了不让老师看到自己，逃脱老师的批评，也就是希望自己的过错不受惩罚，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, Mr. Taneja, has a typical style of talking, making us always hooked on the playground.(例如，Taneja先生有一种典型的说话风格，让我们总是沉迷于操场上)”可知，Taneja先生是一名体育老师。故选D。 4．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“School can be fun, real fun, when picnics and field trips are organized.(当组织野餐和实地考察时，学校可以很有趣，真正的有趣)”，结合划线词所在句“Debates, quizzes, cultural programs also add luster to an otherwise dull school life.(辩论、测验、文化节目也为沉闷的学校生活增添了luster)”中的“also”可知，组织野餐和实地考察很有趣，辩论、测验和文化节目也增添了乐趣，故luster表示“乐趣”。故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$