专题01 必修二 Unit5 Humans and Nature知识清单-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲(北师大版2019）

专题01 必修二 Unit5 Humans and Nature知识清单 B2U5练通核心词汇 1．natural disasters：floods, droughts, hurricanes, landslides...自然灾害：洪水、干旱、飓风、滑坡…… 2．a constructive comment　　 　　有建设性的意见 3．an urban landscape 城市景观 4．tropical climate 热带气候 5．the natural ecology of the planet 地球的自然生态 6．walk through the jungle 在丛林中穿行 7．the lecture circuit 巡回演讲 8．overuse resources 过度使用资源 9．attempt to escape 企图逃跑 10．the very depths of her soul 她的灵魂深处 11．the extent of damage 损害程度 12．search and rescue vehicles　　　　 搜救车辆 13．people trapped under buildings 困在建筑物下的人 14．in a rescue attempt during the Nepal earthquake 在尼泊尔地震的救援行动中 15．Captain Robert Falcon Scott 罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校 16．during the polar summer 在极地的夏季期间 17．the concept is difficult to prove 这一概念很难得到证明 18．the continent of Antarctica 南极大陆 B2U5 活用拓展单词 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的→volcano n．火山 2．eruption n．爆发→erupt vi.爆发，喷发 3．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的→crowd n．人群 v．拥挤 4．living adj.活的，活着的→live v．生活；活着；居住 5．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 6．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者 7．frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frighten vt.使害怕→frightening adj.令人害怕的 8．horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horror n．震惊；恐惧；厌恶→horribly adv.可怕地；吓人地；令人恐惧地 9．curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇(心)→curiously adv.好奇地 10．observation n．观察；观察结果→observe vt.观察→observer n．观察者 11．equal adj.相等的；相同的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等 12．interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打断；打扰 13．death n．死，死亡→die vi.死，死亡；消失→dead adj.死的，失去生命的 14．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.丢失，遗失；丧失 15．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate vt.运转；操作 vi.手术 16．suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→suffer v．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受难，受折磨；遭受 17．protection n．保护；防护→protect vt.保护；防护 18．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸 19．explorer n．探险者；勘察者→explore v．探索→exploration n．探险；探索 20．preparation n．预备，准备→prepare v．准备→prepared adj.准备好的 21．base n．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地→basis n．基础→basic adj.基础的 22．anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑 23．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的 24．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v．欢呼 25．distant adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n．距离；远方 26．honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.坦诚的；诚实的，正直的 27．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj.真诚的→sincerely adv.真诚地 28．bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的 B2U5解读长难句 1．It may appear strange, but at that moment，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. [句式分析] 本句是由but连接的并列句。第二个并列句中两个when都引导时间状语从句；主句“I felt calmer than...”中than引导比较状语从句。 [翻译]　这么说可能显得奇怪，不过那个时候，当我们处在漩涡边缘时，我反而比向旋涡移动时更平静。 2．As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. [句式分析] 本句为复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句；why引导定语从句，修饰the reason；that引导表语从句。 [翻译]　如你所见，我还能在这里讲述这个故事，就是因为我做了正确的决定。 3．While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too. [句式分析] 本句为复合句。While引导时间状语从句；which 引导定语从句，修饰a message。 [翻译]　在去往南极洲的途中，他收到挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的消息，说他也要去南极。 4．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. [句式分析] 本句为并列句。but连接并列句；shown by Scott and his men 是过去分词短语作后置定语。 [翻译]　斯科特没能赢得南极探险的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员们表现出的巨大勇气使他们成了英雄。 B2U5 重点词汇必背语料 1．comment　n.评论；意见 vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论 [佳句]Today, I'd like to focus my comments on the meaningful roles that elderly can play and should play in our society. 今天，我想集中谈谈老年人在我们的社会中可以发挥和应该发挥的有意义的作用。 [必背词块] (1)No comment！　　　　 无可奉告！ make comments/a comment about/on...对……加以评论 (2)comment on/upon... 对……发表评论 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之动作描写 The professor didn't comment on/upon Tom's paper, but gave an approving nod. 教授没有对汤姆的论文做出评论，但赞许地点了点头。 2.读后续写之人物描写 He is an outspoken man and prefers to make comments on the things around him. 他是一个直言不讳的人，喜欢对他周围的事情发表意见。 2．shock　vt.使震惊；使难以置信　n．震惊 (教材P29)The two students were shocked at the lecture on nature. 这两个学生听了关于大自然的讲座非常震惊。 [必备词块] (1)a great shock to sb.　　　 对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊 to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by... 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 [背诵点] 1.聚焦社会热点 We were shocked that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake. 那么多人在地震中受伤或死亡，我们对此感到震惊。 3．turn one's back (on sb./sth.)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 [佳句]Did you really turn your back on his invitation? 你真的拒绝了他的邀请吗？ [必背词块] turn around 翻身，翻转；好转，扭转 turn down 关小，调低(声音)；拒绝 turn in 交出，上交 turn to 向……求助；转向 turn out 结果是；生产；制造 turn over 翻身；翻阅 4．escape　vi.& vt.逃离；逃避；逃脱；被遗忘；被忽视；渗出；泄漏 n．逃跑；逃脱；渗出，泄漏 [佳句]I have great respect for him.In the face of difficulties, he never escapes, but responds positively.　我非常敬重他。在面对困难时他从不逃避而是积极应对。 [必背词块] (1)escape from...　　　　　　 从……中逃脱 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事 escape one's attention/notice 未被某人注意 (2)a narrow escape 九死一生 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之心理描写 The girl looks quite familiar, but her name escapes Jack. 这个女孩看起来很面熟，但是杰克记不起她的名字了。 5．survive　vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；继续存在 [佳句]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. 西安城墙是中国的悠久历史上保存最完整的城墙。 [必背词块] (1)survive on 依靠……生存下来 survive from 从……存活下来，流传下来 (2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物 6．frightened　adj.受惊的，害怕的 (教材P30)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. 一听到这个词，我就变得万分恐惧。 [必背词块] (1)be frightened of doing/to do sth. 　　　　　　　　 害怕做某事 be frightened at ... 对……感到惊恐 be frightened to death 吓死 (2)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的，吓人的 (3)frighten vt. 使惊吓，使惊恐；吓唬 frighten sb. into/out of (doing)...吓得某人(做)/不敢(做)…… [背诵点] 1.读后续写之心理描写 What frightened me was the thought of that terrible thing. 一想到那件可怕的事，我心里就害怕。 7．curious　adj.好奇的 [佳句]If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you'd better not miss this excellent opportunity! 如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣，或者对它的未来感兴趣，你最好不要错过这个绝佳的机会！ [必背词块] (1)become/be curious about sth.　 对某事感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 极想做某事 (2)curiosity n. 好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 meet one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 8.equal　adj.相等的；相同的　 v．等于；比得上，敌得过　 n．同等的人；相等物 [佳句]I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child, but as an equal. 我非常尊重我的母亲，因为她从不把我当作孩子，而是把我当作平等的人。 [必背词块] (1)be equal to　　　 　　 　 等于 be equal to (doing) sth. 胜任(做)某事 (2)without equal 无与伦比，无敌 (3)equally adv. 同样地；相等地；公平地 [背诵点] 1.倡导和谐人际关系 I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making everyone equal． 我知道，这会帮我们实现人人平等的梦想。 9．rescue　n.& vt.营救；救援 (教材P34)Search and rescue vehicles are brought into destroyed areas. 搜救车辆被派往受灾地区。 [必背词块] (1)rescue sb./sth. from...　　　　　 从……中营救某人/某物 go/come to one's rescue 去/来营救某人 (2)rescuer n. 救援人员 10．attempt　n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图 [佳句]He attempted to prevent the accident from happening, but failed at last. 他尝试阻止事故的发生，但最终还是失败了。 [必背词块] (1)attempt to do sth.　　　 企图做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事 at the first/second/...attempt 第一/二/……次尝试 (3) attempted adj. (犯罪)未遂的 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之动作描写 I attempted to frighten the wolf away by throwing stones at it, but failed. 我朝狼扔石头，想把它吓跑，但没能成功。 11．interrupt　vi.& vt.打断讲话；打断；打扰 [佳句]The game was interrupted by the rain, so they had no choice but to postpone it. 比赛被雨打断了，所以他们别无选择，只好推迟。 [必背词块] (1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.)　　 (因某事)打断某人/某事 be interrupted by... 被……打断 (2)interruption n. 打断；打扰；插嘴；阻断物 without interruption 连续地；不间断地 12．run out of　用完；耗尽 [佳句]If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed.　如果他们用完了某些日常必需品，威尔逊就会开车去最近的商店购买所需物品。 [必背词块] run out　　　　　 用完；耗尽；到期(主语为物， 无被动语态) give out 用完；筋疲力尽；发出 use up 用完；耗尽 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之环境保护 It is very important for us to care for the environment because the earth's natural resources will run out． 关爱环境对我们来说很重要，因为地球上的自然资源将会枯竭。 13．preparation　n.预备，准备 [佳句]It's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful college experience. 为一次健康而有意义的大学经历做必要的准备永远不会太早。 [必背词块] (1)in preparation (for...)　 在准备(……)中 make preparations for... 为……做准备 (2)prepare v. 准备；使……准备好；配制(药品等) prepare for sth. 为某事做准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 (3)prepared adj. 准备好的 get/be prepared for/to do sth. 为某事做好准备；准备做某事 14．base　n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地 [佳句]The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. 重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。 [必背词块] (1)base...on/upon...　　 把……建立在……基础上； 以……为根据 be based on/upon... 以……为根据/基础 (2)basis n. 基础；原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式 on the basis of... 在……的基础上；根据…… (3)basic adj. 基础的；基本的 15．anxiously　adv.焦虑地；不安地 [佳句]The old woman was anxiously awaiting the return of her relatives. 这个老妇人望眼欲穿地盼望亲人们归来。 [必背词块] (1)anxious adj.　　 　　 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的 be anxious about... 为……担心/担忧 be anxious for... 渴望…… be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事 (2)anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕 with anxiety 焦虑地 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之心理描写 We waited with anxiety for our examination results. 我们怀着忐忑不安的心情等待考试成绩的公布。 16．break down　停止运转，出故障；(谈判等)失败；分解；打破，消除；情不自禁地哭起来；(身体)垮掉 (教材P36)First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. 先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，然后马匹开始因大雪和严寒天气出现严重问题。 [必背词块] break away (from sb./sth.) 突然离开；脱离(某人/某物) break into 闯入 break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生 break up 结束；破裂 break through 突破 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之建议信 If you want to break down the misunderstanding, you should apologise to her face to face. 如果你想消除误会，你应该当面向她道歉。 17．ambition　n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 [佳句]To realise her ambition to become a professional singer, she has been training very hard. 为了实现她成为一名职业歌手的抱负，她刻苦训练。 [必背词块] (1)achieve/realise one's ambition 实现某人的理想 an ambition to do sth./of doing sth. 想做某事的愿望 (2)ambitious adj. 有抱负的；有野心的；雄心勃勃的 be ambitious to do sth. for sth. 渴望做某事/渴望得到某物 18．shelter　n.避难所　vt.保护；使掩蔽 (教材P41)If possible, find a strong shelter nearby which will cover your whole body. 如果可能的话，在附近找一个坚固的庇护所，把你的整个身体都遮起来。 [必背词块] (1)take shelter from...　　 躲避…… under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 (2)shelter...from... 保护/遮蔽……不/免受……的伤害 shelter from... 躲避…… 19．hold on　抓住；挺住；坚持；(打电话)别挂断；稍等 (教材P41)Hold on to your shelter until the shaking stops.　在避难所坚持住，直到摇晃停止。 [必背词块] hold on to　　　　 抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持 hold back 阻挡；抵制；克制；控制；退缩 hold out (食物等)维持；伸出；坚持 hold up 举起；支撑；耽搁；抢劫 20．observe　vt.观察；注意，看到；遵守；庆祝(节日等) [佳句]However far it is，Chinese people will return to their home to observe the Spring Festival. 无论离家多远，中国人都会回到家乡过春节。 [必背词块] (1)observe sb.do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程) observe sb.doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 It was observed that... 据观察 observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 (2)observation n. 观察；评论 [背诵点] 1.聚焦社会热点 Only if everyone observes traffic rules can we get away from traffic accidents. 只有我们每一个人都遵守交通规则，我们才能远离交通事故。 21．compare...to...　把……比作…… [佳句]I'd like to compare notes with my parents on how to make friends. 我想与父母就如何交友交换意见。 [必背词块] (1)compare...with...　　　 把……和……比较 compared with/to... 和……比起来，与……相比 (2)without/beyond compare 无与伦比；举世无双 B2U5 本单元核心素养自查 Ⅰ.单元词汇串记 请用本单元所学词汇的适当形式完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 battle，bravery，death，disappearance，million，trap，curious In fact，it was out of 1.curiosity that I attended the lecture given by a famous explorer，who had just returned from a distant continent.Expecting to hear varied horrible experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration，I went to the site cheerfully.He indeed shared some stories of 2.battling against nature with 3.bravery，in one of which his vehicle broke down in the polar area because the gas had run out.4.Trapped in the scary snowstorm，he attempted to call for rescue through the phone，but it proved useless.Frightened and hungry，he was at a loss and was faced with 5.death several times.He was walking anxiously until he found shelter in a nearby base.Besides，the suffering of wildlife shocked us.According to his observation，6.millions of animals are on the edge of 7.disappearance.Apart from natural disasters such as flood，drought，landslides，volcanic eruptions and hurricane，to some extent，too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them.Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate，we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection.Having heard his lecture，I find it everyone's duty to keep the balance of ecology.Equally important is that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe natural laws. Ⅱ.核心词汇强化练 1．(2022·1月浙江卷)Meanwhile，over the course of the 19th century，electricity went from mere curiosity (curious) to a basic necessity. 2．(2021·6月浙江卷)To us，the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis (basic) lies in their living with humans. 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Popularization has in some cases changed the original (origin) meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. 4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)When the explorers (explore) first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 5．She answered the questions with complete honesty (honest)． 6．The police have had him under observation (observe) for several weeks. 7．He didn't do enough preparation (prepare) for his exam，and failed. 8．Obviously，his survival (survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree. 9．We must take instant measures (measure) to ensure the safety of the project. 10．Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife protection (protect)． Ⅲ.词形转换和动词的形式变换 1．Curiously(curious), this is not what other people seem to like about insurance. 2．The eruption(erupt) of the volcano makes many people lose their lives. 3．It is shocking(shock) that they involved children in the incident. 4．I'm frightened(frighten) of walking home alone in the dark. 5．In April, thousands of holiday makers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic(volcano) ash cloud. 6．Those who are undergoing concentrated or athome observation(observe) need not continue. 7．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally(equal) respected. 8．In the spring the place is crowded(crowd) with skiers. 9．If cancers are spotted early, there's a high chance of survival(survive). 10．I hate travelling by air because I get horribly(horrible) airsick. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．这家餐馆是一个我们可以给爸爸举行生日聚会的完美地方。 This restaurant is a perfect place where we can hold a birthday party for Dad． 2．我永远不会忘记我和我的祖父母一起生活的那些年。 I will never forget those years when I lived with my grandparents． 3．我仍然记得我来这个学校的第一天。 I still remember the first day when I came to the school． 4．这就是我父亲曾经就读过的学校。 This is the school where my father studied． 5．他今天早上迟到的原因是他的电动自行车坏了。 The reason why he was late this morning is that his ebike broke down. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 必修二 Unit5 Humans and Nature知识清单 B2U5练通核心词汇 1．natural ：floods, droughts, hurricanes, landslides...自然灾害：洪水、干旱、飓风、滑坡…… 2．a constructive 　　 　　有建设性的意见 3．an urban 城市景观 4．tropical 热带气候 5．the natural of the planet 地球的自然生态 6．walk through the 在丛林中穿行 7．the circuit 巡回演讲 8． resources 过度使用资源 9．attempt to 企图逃跑 10．the very depths of her 她的灵魂深处 11．the of damage 损害程度 12．search and vehicles　　　　 搜救车辆 13．people under buildings 困在建筑物下的人 14．in a rescue during the Nepal earthquake 在尼泊尔地震的救援行动中 15． Robert Falcon Scott 罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校 16．during the summer 在极地的夏季期间 17．the concept is difficult to 这一概念很难得到证明 18．the of Antarctica 南极大陆 B2U5 活用拓展单词 根据提示写出相应的单词 1． adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的→volcano n．火山 2． n．爆发→erupt vi.爆发，喷发 3． adj.拥挤的；挤满人的→crowd n．人群 v．拥挤 4． adj.活的，活着的→live v．生活；活着；居住 5． vt.使震惊；使难以置信→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 6． vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者 7． adj.受惊的，害怕的→frighten vt.使害怕→frightening adj.令人害怕的 8． adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horror n．震惊；恐惧；厌恶→horribly adv.可怕地；吓人地；令人恐惧地 9． adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇(心)→curiously adv.好奇地 10． n．观察；观察结果→observe vt.观察→observer n．观察者 11． adj.相等的；相同的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等 12． vi.& vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打断；打扰 13． n．死，死亡→die vi.死，死亡；消失→dead adj.死的，失去生命的 14． n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.丢失，遗失；丧失 15． n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate vt.运转；操作 vi.手术 16． n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→suffer v．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受难，受折磨；遭受 17． n．保护；防护→protect vt.保护；防护 18． vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸 19． n．探险者；勘察者→explore v．探索→exploration n．探险；探索 20． n．预备，准备→prepare v．准备→prepared adj.准备好的 21． n．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地→basis n．基础→basic adj.基础的 22． adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑 23． n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的 24． adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v．欢呼 25． adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n．距离；远方 26． n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.坦诚的；诚实的，正直的 27． n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj.真诚的→sincerely adv.真诚地 28． n．勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的 B2U5解读长难句 1．It may appear strange, but at that moment，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. [句式分析] 本句是由but连接的并列句。第二个并列句中两个when都引导 从句；主句“I felt calmer than...”中than引导 从句。 [翻译]　这么说可能显得奇怪，不过那个时候，当我们处在漩涡边缘时，我反而比向旋涡移动时更平静。 2．As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. [句式分析] 本句为复合句。as引导 从句；why引导 从句，修饰the reason；that引导 从句。 [翻译]　如你所见，我还能在这里讲述这个故事，就是因为我做了正确的决定。 3．While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too. [句式分析] 本句为复合句。While引导 从句；which 引导 从句，修饰a message。 [翻译]　在去往南极洲的途中，他收到挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的消息，说他也要去南极。 4．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. [句式分析] 本句为并列句。but连接并列句；shown by Scott and his men 是过去分词短语作 。 [翻译]　斯科特没能赢得南极探险的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员们表现出的巨大勇气使他们成了英雄。 B2U5 重点词汇必背语料 1．comment　n.评论；意见 vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论 [佳句]Today, I'd like to focus my comments on the meaningful roles that elderly can play and should play in our society. 今天，我想集中谈谈老年人在我们的社会中可以发挥和应该发挥的有意义的作用。 [必背词块] (1)No comment！　　　　 无可奉告！ make comments/a comment about/on...对……加以评论 (2)comment on/upon... 对……发表评论 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之动作描写 The professor didn't comment on/upon Tom's paper, but gave an approving nod. 教授没有对汤姆的论文做出评论，但赞许地点了点头。 2.读后续写之人物描写 He is an outspoken man and prefers to make comments on the things around him. 他是一个直言不讳的人，喜欢对他周围的事情发表意见。 2．shock　vt.使震惊；使难以置信　n．震惊 (教材P29)The two students were shocked at the lecture on nature. 这两个学生听了关于大自然的讲座非常震惊。 [必备词块] (1)a great shock to sb.　　　 对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊 to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by... 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 [背诵点] 1.聚焦社会热点 We were shocked that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake. 那么多人在地震中受伤或死亡，我们对此感到震惊。 3．turn one's back (on sb./sth.)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 [佳句]Did you really turn your back on his invitation? 你真的拒绝了他的邀请吗？ [必背词块] turn around 翻身，翻转；好转，扭转 turn down 关小，调低(声音)；拒绝 turn in 交出，上交 turn to 向……求助；转向 turn out 结果是；生产；制造 turn over 翻身；翻阅 4．escape　vi.& vt.逃离；逃避；逃脱；被遗忘；被忽视；渗出；泄漏 n．逃跑；逃脱；渗出，泄漏 [佳句]I have great respect for him.In the face of difficulties, he never escapes, but responds positively.　我非常敬重他。在面对困难时他从不逃避而是积极应对。 [必背词块] (1)escape from...　　　　　　 从……中逃脱 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事 escape one's attention/notice 未被某人注意 (2)a narrow escape 九死一生 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之心理描写 The girl looks quite familiar, but her name escapes Jack. 这个女孩看起来很面熟，但是杰克记不起她的名字了。 5．survive　vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；继续存在 [佳句]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. 西安城墙是中国的悠久历史上保存最完整的城墙。 [必背词块] (1)survive on 依靠……生存下来 survive from 从……存活下来，流传下来 (2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物 6．frightened　adj.受惊的，害怕的 (教材P30)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. 一听到这个词，我就变得万分恐惧。 [必背词块] (1)be frightened of doing/to do sth. 　　　　　　　　 害怕做某事 be frightened at ... 对……感到惊恐 be frightened to death 吓死 (2)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的，吓人的 (3)frighten vt. 使惊吓，使惊恐；吓唬 frighten sb. into/out of (doing)...吓得某人(做)/不敢(做)…… [背诵点] 1.读后续写之心理描写 What frightened me was the thought of that terrible thing. 一想到那件可怕的事，我心里就害怕。 7．curious　adj.好奇的 [佳句]If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you'd better not miss this excellent opportunity! 如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣，或者对它的未来感兴趣，你最好不要错过这个绝佳的机会！ [必背词块] (1)become/be curious about sth.　 对某事感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 极想做某事 (2)curiosity n. 好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 meet one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 8.equal　adj.相等的；相同的　 v．等于；比得上，敌得过　 n．同等的人；相等物 [佳句]I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child, but as an equal. 我非常尊重我的母亲，因为她从不把我当作孩子，而是把我当作平等的人。 [必背词块] (1)be equal to　　　 　　 　 等于 be equal to (doing) sth. 胜任(做)某事 (2)without equal 无与伦比，无敌 (3)equally adv. 同样地；相等地；公平地 [背诵点] 1.倡导和谐人际关系 I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making everyone equal． 我知道，这会帮我们实现人人平等的梦想。 9．rescue　n.& vt.营救；救援 (教材P34)Search and rescue vehicles are brought into destroyed areas. 搜救车辆被派往受灾地区。 [必背词块] (1)rescue sb./sth. from...　　　　　 从……中营救某人/某物 go/come to one's rescue 去/来营救某人 (2)rescuer n. 救援人员 10．attempt　n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图 [佳句]He attempted to prevent the accident from happening, but failed at last. 他尝试阻止事故的发生，但最终还是失败了。 [必背词块] (1)attempt to do sth.　　　 企图做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事 at the first/second/...attempt 第一/二/……次尝试 (3) attempted adj. (犯罪)未遂的 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之动作描写 I attempted to frighten the wolf away by throwing stones at it, but failed. 我朝狼扔石头，想把它吓跑，但没能成功。 11．interrupt　vi.& vt.打断讲话；打断；打扰 [佳句]The game was interrupted by the rain, so they had no choice but to postpone it. 比赛被雨打断了，所以他们别无选择，只好推迟。 [必背词块] (1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.)　　 (因某事)打断某人/某事 be interrupted by... 被……打断 (2)interruption n. 打断；打扰；插嘴；阻断物 without interruption 连续地；不间断地 12．run out of　用完；耗尽 [佳句]If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed.　如果他们用完了某些日常必需品，威尔逊就会开车去最近的商店购买所需物品。 [必背词块] run out　　　　　 用完；耗尽；到期(主语为物， 无被动语态) give out 用完；筋疲力尽；发出 use up 用完；耗尽 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之环境保护 It is very important for us to care for the environment because the earth's natural resources will run out． 关爱环境对我们来说很重要，因为地球上的自然资源将会枯竭。 13．preparation　n.预备，准备 [佳句]It's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful college experience. 为一次健康而有意义的大学经历做必要的准备永远不会太早。 [必背词块] (1)in preparation (for...)　 在准备(……)中 make preparations for... 为……做准备 (2)prepare v. 准备；使……准备好；配制(药品等) prepare for sth. 为某事做准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 (3)prepared adj. 准备好的 get/be prepared for/to do sth. 为某事做好准备；准备做某事 14．base　n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地 [佳句]The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. 重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。 [必背词块] (1)base...on/upon...　　 把……建立在……基础上； 以……为根据 be based on/upon... 以……为根据/基础 (2)basis n. 基础；原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式 on the basis of... 在……的基础上；根据…… (3)basic adj. 基础的；基本的 15．anxiously　adv.焦虑地；不安地 [佳句]The old woman was anxiously awaiting the return of her relatives. 这个老妇人望眼欲穿地盼望亲人们归来。 [必背词块] (1)anxious adj.　　 　　 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的 be anxious about... 为……担心/担忧 be anxious for... 渴望…… be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事 (2)anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕 with anxiety 焦虑地 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之心理描写 We waited with anxiety for our examination results. 我们怀着忐忑不安的心情等待考试成绩的公布。 16．break down　停止运转，出故障；(谈判等)失败；分解；打破，消除；情不自禁地哭起来；(身体)垮掉 (教材P36)First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. 先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，然后马匹开始因大雪和严寒天气出现严重问题。 [必背词块] break away (from sb./sth.) 突然离开；脱离(某人/某物) break into 闯入 break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生 break up 结束；破裂 break through 突破 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之建议信 If you want to break down the misunderstanding, you should apologise to her face to face. 如果你想消除误会，你应该当面向她道歉。 17．ambition　n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 [佳句]To realise her ambition to become a professional singer, she has been training very hard. 为了实现她成为一名职业歌手的抱负，她刻苦训练。 [必背词块] (1)achieve/realise one's ambition 实现某人的理想 an ambition to do sth./of doing sth. 想做某事的愿望 (2)ambitious adj. 有抱负的；有野心的；雄心勃勃的 be ambitious to do sth. for sth. 渴望做某事/渴望得到某物 18．shelter　n.避难所　vt.保护；使掩蔽 (教材P41)If possible, find a strong shelter nearby which will cover your whole body. 如果可能的话，在附近找一个坚固的庇护所，把你的整个身体都遮起来。 [必背词块] (1)take shelter from...　　 躲避…… under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 (2)shelter...from... 保护/遮蔽……不/免受……的伤害 shelter from... 躲避…… 19．hold on　抓住；挺住；坚持；(打电话)别挂断；稍等 (教材P41)Hold on to your shelter until the shaking stops.　在避难所坚持住，直到摇晃停止。 [必背词块] hold on to　　　　 抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持 hold back 阻挡；抵制；克制；控制；退缩 hold out (食物等)维持；伸出；坚持 hold up 举起；支撑；耽搁；抢劫 20．observe　vt.观察；注意，看到；遵守；庆祝(节日等) [佳句]However far it is，Chinese people will return to their home to observe the Spring Festival. 无论离家多远，中国人都会回到家乡过春节。 [必背词块] (1)observe sb.do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程) observe sb.doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 It was observed that... 据观察 observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 (2)observation n. 观察；评论 [背诵点] 1.聚焦社会热点 Only if everyone observes traffic rules can we get away from traffic accidents. 只有我们每一个人都遵守交通规则，我们才能远离交通事故。 21．compare...to...　把……比作…… [佳句]I'd like to compare notes with my parents on how to make friends. 我想与父母就如何交友交换意见。 [必背词块] (1)compare...with...　　　 把……和……比较 compared with/to... 和……比起来，与……相比 (2)without/beyond compare 无与伦比；举世无双 B2U5 本单元核心素养自查 Ⅰ.单元词汇串记 请用本单元所学词汇的适当形式完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 battle，bravery，death，disappearance，million，trap，curious In fact，it was out of 1. that I attended the lecture given by a famous explorer，who had just returned from a distant continent.Expecting to hear varied horrible experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration，I went to the site cheerfully.He indeed shared some stories of 2. against nature with 3. ，in one of which his vehicle broke down in the polar area because the gas had run out.4. in the scary snowstorm，he attempted to call for rescue through the phone，but it proved useless.Frightened and hungry，he was at a loss and was faced with 5. several times.He was walking anxiously until he found shelter in a nearby base.Besides，the suffering of wildlife shocked us.According to his observation，6. of animals are on the edge of 7. .Apart from natural disasters such as flood，drought，landslides，volcanic eruptions and hurricane，to some extent，too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them.Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate，we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection.Having heard his lecture，I find it everyone's duty to keep the balance of ecology.Equally important is that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe natural laws. Ⅱ.核心词汇强化练 1．(2022·1月浙江卷)Meanwhile，over the course of the 19th century，electricity went from mere (curious) to a basic necessity. 2．(2021·6月浙江卷)To us，the most likely explanation appears to be that the (basic) lies in their living with humans. 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Popularization has in some cases changed the (origin) meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. 4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)When the (explore) first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 5．She answered the questions with complete (honest)． 6．The police have had him under (observe) for several weeks. 7．He didn't do enough (prepare) for his exam，and failed. 8．Obviously，his (survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree. 9．We must take instant (measure) to ensure the safety of the project. 10．Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife (protect)． Ⅲ.词形转换和动词的形式变换 1． (curious), this is not what other people seem to like about insurance. 2．The (erupt) of the volcano makes many people lose their lives. 3．It is (shock) that they involved children in the incident. 4．I'm (frighten) of walking home alone in the dark. 5．In April, thousands of holiday makers remained stuck abroad due to the (volcano) ash cloud. 6．Those who are undergoing concentrated or athome (observe) need not continue. 7．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be (equal) respected. 8．In the spring the place is (crowd) with skiers. 9．If cancers are spotted early, there's a high chance of (survive). 10．I hate travelling by air because I get (horrible) airsick. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．这家餐馆是一个我们可以给爸爸举行生日聚会的完美地方。 This restaurant is a perfect place ． 2．我永远不会忘记我和我的祖父母一起生活的那些年。 I will never forget those years ． 3．我仍然记得我来这个学校的第一天。 I still remember the first day ． 4．这就是我父亲曾经就读过的学校。 This is the school ． 5．他今天早上迟到的原因是他的电动自行车坏了。 is that his ebike broke down. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$