精品解析：广东省广州市越秀区第十六中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题

广州市第十六中学2023-2024学年 高二下学期英语期末考 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Filming Locations You Can Actually Visit Mars (The Martian) When you search for a location to stand in for the surface of another world, The Wadi Rum Protected Area in far southern Jordan is a good place to start. With the impressive “vast and echoing and God-like” landscape, it served as the background of Matt Damon’s 18-month stay on the red planet in The Martian. Jurassic Park The Hawaiian islands were the locations for some of Jurassic Park’s most memorable scenes. Kauai provides the rough coastline and some of the most breathtaking features of the fictional Isla Nublar, while the rolling hills of Oahu’s Kualoa Ranch function as the background of the Gallimimus stampede (逃亡). Hobbiton Unlike the other locations in this list, the Shire is a wholly artificial set, built on a sheep farm on New Zealand ‘s North Island. Created for Peter Jackson’s big-screen adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Hobbiton began to draw curious fans shortly after the release of the first film in the series. In time, what began as a temporary location designed to host a three-month movie shoot has evolved into a Tolkienesque theme park with over 350,000 visitors annually. King’s Landing The HBO series Game of Thrones brings to life the many locations of George R.R. Martin’s fantasy world, but the conflict of sex, swords, and trickery reaches its peak in the capital of King’s Landing. The “real” capital of Westeros can be found in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The city’s 16th-century fortress walls overlook Blackwater Bay, while the parks, avenues, and alleys of the old city have witnessed the triumphs and tragedies of House Lannister. 1. Which of the four locations should you visit if you are a big fan of J.R.R. Tolkien? A. Mars (The Martian). B. Jurassic Park. C. Hobbiton. D. King’s Landing. 2. What do the movie locations Mars and Jurassic Park have in common? A. They are both on the coast. B. They demonstrate magnificent views. C. They can represent another world. D. They are set for only one film. 3. What can visitors do in King’s Landing? A. See ancient fortress walls. B. Play roles in Game of Thrones. C. Visit George R.R. Martin. D. Experience the triumphs and tragedies. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是可以参观的电影拍摄地点的相关信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Hobbiton部分的“Created for Peter Jackson’s big-screen adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Hobbiton began to draw curious fans shortly after the release of the first film in the series. In time, what began as a temporary location designed to host a three-month movie shoot has evolved into a Tolkienesque theme park with over 350,000 visitors annually.(Hobbiton是Peter Jackson根据J.R.R. Tolkien的《指环王》三部曲改编的电影，在该系列第一部上映后不久就吸引了好奇的粉丝。随着时间的推移，这个最初用于举办为期三个月的电影拍摄的临时地点已经演变成一个托尔金式的主题公园，每年有超过35万游客。)”可知，如果你是J.R.R. Tolkien的忠实粉丝，你应该去Hobbiton，故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Mars (The Martian)部分的“With the impressive “vast and echoing and God-like” landscape, it served as the background of Matt Damon’s 18-month stay on the red planet in The Martian.(在《火星救援》中，马特·达蒙在火星上停留了18个月，这里有着令人印象深刻的“辽阔、回声回荡、像上帝一样”的景观。)”和Jurassic Park部分的“Kauai provides the rough coastline and some of the most breathtaking features of the fictional Isla Nublar, while the rolling hills of Oahu’s Kualoa Ranch function as the background of the Gallimimus stampede (逃亡).(Kauai提供了崎岖的海岸线和虚构的Isla Nublar的一些最令人惊叹的特征，而Oahu的Kualoa Ranch的起伏的山丘则是Gallimimus大逃亡的背景。)”可知，Mars和Jurassic Park的拍摄地的共同之处是它们展示了壮丽的景色。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据King’s Landing部分的“The city’s 16th-century fortress walls overlook Blackwater Bay, while the parks, avenues, and alleys of the old city have witnessed the triumphs and tragedies of House Lannister.(这座城市16世纪的堡垒城墙俯瞰着黑水湾，而老城的公园、大道和小巷见证了Lannister家族的胜利和悲剧。)”可知，游客在King’s Landing可以看看古老的堡垒城墙。故选A。 B When he went outside during the break, John Buettner would dream of learning the monkey-bars. He uses a wheelchair, so they aren’t accessible to him — in fact, most of the playground at Glen Lake Elementary School isn’t. Betsy Julien would look out at the students in their wheelchairs, and thought, “Our playground is not set up for everybody in the school to play and have fun.” Now, thanks to this teacher and her students, that dream is about to come true in a bigger way. Last fall, Julien and a few of her colleagues applied for, and won, a grant for an accessible swing and merry-go-round. The grant fell $35,000 short of the amount the school needed, so Julien asked her class to help raise the rest. Her students jumped at the idea, and took it a step further. “Why can’t we make the whole playground accessible?” said Hadley Mangan. They brainstormed ideas on how to raise money: door-knocking, partnering with restaurants, handing out flyers, and even cold-calling local businesses. They got to work and reached their goal in a matter of weeks. Now, they aim to raise $1 million so they can completely transform their playground. Last week, Julien loaded the students for a field trip to see how the equipment is built and even got to color in a blueprint of the playground design. Buettner said he could hardly believe how quickly an idea turned into reality. “All of this equipment is big enough for my friends and I to play on. I just feel some sense of capability.” Julien speaks through tears too, when reflecting on the project and the transformation. “Anything we raise beyond our goal will go towards accessible equipment at neighboring schools. I hope that the world is accepting and inclusive for every child.” 4. What’s the problem with the school playground? A. Little playing space. B. Limited accessibility. C. Poor construction funding. D. Narrow wheelchair passage. 5. What does the underlined phrase “a step further” refer to? A. Donating more money. B. Achieving original goals. C. Asking more people for help. D. Transforming the whole playground. 6. What can we infer from Buettner’s words? A. He engages more in donation. B. He has more faith in himself. C. He becomes an expert in sports. D. He gets more involved in contests. 7. What can we learn from Julien’s story? A. Hard work matters. B. Kindness bears fruits. C. Good ideas win favor. D. Trust promotes friendship. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了John Buettner的老师和同学为了能让残疾的他和其他残疾学生在学校操场上玩耍，发起了筹款活动，最终成功改造了操场。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“He uses a wheelchair, so they aren’t accessible to him — in fact, most of the playground at Glen Lake Elementary School isn’t. (他使用轮椅，所以轮椅对他来说并不方便——事实上，格伦湖小学的大部分操场都不方便。)”可知，学校操场的问题是对于使用轮椅的人来说并不方便，即无障碍环境有限，故选B。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文“so Julien asked her class to help raise the rest.(所以朱利安让她的学生帮忙筹集剩下的钱。)”和下文““Why can’t we make the whole playground accessible?” said Hadley Mangan. (“为什么我们不能让整个操场都变得方便呢？”哈德利·曼根说。)”可知，Julien让她的学生帮忙筹集剩下的钱，她的学生欣然接受了，并决定筹集钱把整个操场改造一下，弄得更方便，由此可推知，“a step further”指的是改造整个操场，故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Buettner所说的话“I just feel some sense of capability(我只是觉得自己有能力)”可推知，Buettner对自己更加有信心，故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“When he went outside during the break, John Buettner would dream of learning the monkey-bars. He uses a wheelchair, so they aren’t accessible to him — in fact, most of the playground at Glen Lake Elementary School isn’t. (课间休息时，约翰·比特纳出去玩时，总是梦想着学习单杠。他使用轮椅，所以轮椅对他来说并不方便——事实上，格伦湖小学的大部分操场都不方便。)”和第二段中“Now, thanks to this teacher and her students, that dream is about to come true in a bigger way.(现在，多亏了这位老师和她的学生，这个梦想即将以更大的方式实现。)”可知，文章主要讲述了John Buettner的老师和同学为了能让残疾的他和其他残疾学生在学校操场上玩耍，发起了筹款活动，最终成功改造了操场。由此可推知，从这个故事中可以得知，善良会结出果实。故选B。 C Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too. A paper published in the journal Trends in Plant Science details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change, and how they are passing down these adaptations to their offspring(后代). Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever. For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.” Because plants don’t have neural(神经的) networks, their memory is based entirely on cellular(细胞的),molecular(分子的),and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory(体细胞记忆). “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly,” says Martinelli. These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring via epigenetics(表现遗传). “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,” says Martinelli. Going forward, Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the genes that are being passed down. “We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequence(序列),”he says. “This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change, we observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive.” 8. What adaptations have plants made to shortened cold seasons? A. They have shortened their flowering time. B. They have got more chances to reproduce. C. They have avoided flowering in cold seasons. D. They have adjusted their environmental clock. 9. What can we learn about somatic memory? A. It is entirely based on neural networks. B. It can help the plants’ offspring to survive. C. It can help relieve environmental stresses. D. It disturbs the plants’ biochemical networks. 10. What does the underlined word “modulating” mean in paragraph 4? A. Adjusting. B. Treasuring. C. Recording. D. Sharing. 11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Plants are smart about flowering time B. Plants can also adapt to climate change C. Environmental stresses challenge plants D. Mysteries of plant genes are to be unfolded 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是植物像动物一样，可以迅速地适应不利的条件，同时分析了植物能快速适应不利条件，并将这些适应传递给下一代的原因。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,”…(例如，气候变化使许多地方的冬季缩短，植物正在做出反应。“许多植物需要最短的寒冷时间，以便设置环境时钟来定义它们的开花时间，” ……)”可知，为了适应缩短的寒冷季节，植物会设置环境时钟来定义开花时间。故选D项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段首句“These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring via epigenetics(表现遗传).(然后，这些体细胞记忆可以通过表观遗传学传递给植物的后代。”可知，这些体细胞记忆通过表现遗传学传给下一代，由此可以判断，体细胞记忆可以帮助下一代生存下来。故选B项。 【10题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce. (随着寒冷季节的缩短，植物已经适应了需要较短的寒冷时间来延迟开花。这些机制允许植物避免在繁殖机会较少的时期开花。)”可知，这些机制使植物能够调整自己在繁殖机会少的时期避免开花，这是植物调整适应环境变化的结果，划线单词所在的“Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses(几个例子表明，存在调节植物记忆对环境胁迫并影响后代对这些胁迫的适应的分子机制。)”谈论的是有几种个例子表明存在这样的“分子机制”调节植物记忆来适应环境的变化，与第二段阐述的与“这些机制”允许植物调节花期适应环境的内容相当，故该单词意为“调节”。故选A项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too.(动物可以快速适应，以在不利的环境条件下生存。越来越多的证据表明，植物也可以。)”并结合下文围绕该话题举例说明和分析植物能快速适应不利条件的原因可知，本文主要是陈述植物和动物一样能快速适应不利条件。故选B项。 D Have you ever taken a personality test and found the results to be scarily accurate, checked your horoscope and had everything come true or taken an online quiz that told you precisely what your favorite Disney princess means about you? Well, we certainly have done so too many times, so we decided to do a little investigation into how Internet -quizzes, magazines and horoscope books seem to know us so well. We discovered that we’ve all been falling victim to the Barnum effect. The Barnum Effect is the phenomenon that occurs when individuals believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them, despite the fact that the description is actually filled with information that applies to everyone. It was named after P. T. Barnum, a famous 19th century showman, who would famously say, “There’s a fool born every minute.” Indeed, Barnum proved to be right, as pseudoscience —such as astrology and personality tests — remains popular to this day. The Bamum effect explains why extremely general statements, such as the results of your personality test, seem so specific to you. Don’t believe us? Well, late psychology professor Bertram Forer offered some proof. In a historic study, Forer conducted a personality test to his students. Forer copied statements such as “You have a great need for other people to like and admire you.” and “You have a tendency to be critical of yourself.” from the newspaper’s horoscope column and gave a test to every student. Forer asked his students to rate the accuracy of the test from one to five, with “one” being the least accurate and “five” being the most accurate. The average rating was 4.26. The universally high ratings from students on the personality test supported the Barnum effect. One of the most important factors when reproducing this study is to keep the statements as vague as possible, with a mix of mostly positive and some negative content. For example, using the phrase “at times” makes for a powerful Barnum Effect. See “At times you are outgoing and sociable, while at other times you are shy and reserved” who would not agree with that statement? So, keep in mind that we are not immune to the Barnum effect. Take everything you hear with several grains of salt. 12. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A. To present a controversial opinion. B. To provide an example of an idea. C. To offer a solution to a problem. D. To define the meaning of a term. 13. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Potential application of the Barnum effect. B. Further explanation of the Barnum effect. C. Supporting evidence for the Barnum effect. D. A reasonable doubt of the research process. 14. Why do so many people believe the statements in horoscope and personality tests? A. They are so specific. B. They are unclear. C. They are positive. D. They are believable. 15. How is the passage organized? A. Phenomenon—analysis. B. Cause—effect. C. Problem—solution. D. Claim—counterclaim. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了“很多人相信占卜和性格测试等”这一现象并分析了其原因。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We discovered that we’ve all been falling victim to the Barnum effect. The Barnum Effect is the phenomenon that occurs when individuals believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them, despite the fact that the description is actually filled with information that applies to everyone. It was named after P. T. Barnum, a famous 19th century showman, who would famously say, “There’s a fool born every minute.” (我们发现我们都成了巴纳姆效应的受害者。巴纳姆效应是一种现象，当人们认为性格描述只适用于他们时，尽管事实上这些描述中充满了适用于所有人的信息。它是以19世纪著名的表演家P.T.巴纳姆的名字命名的，他有句名言：“每分钟都有一个傻瓜出生。”)”可知，文章第二段主要解释了巴纳姆效应的概念。由此推知，第二段的目的是给“巴纳姆效应”这一专业术语下定义。故选D项。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段最后一句“ Don’t believe us? Well, late psychology professor Bertram Forer offered some proof. (不相信我们？嗯，已故的心理学教授Bertram Forer提供了一些证据)”和第四段“In a historic study, Forer conducted a personality test to his students. Forer copied statements such as “You have a great need for other people to like and admire you.” and “You have a tendency to be critical of yourself.” from the newspaper’s horoscope column and gave a test to every student. Forer asked his students to rate the accuracy of the test from one to five, with “one” being the least accurate and “five” being the most accurate. The average rating was 4.26. The universally high ratings from students on the personality test supported the Barnum effect. (在一项历史研究中，弗莱尔对他的学生进行了性格测试。永远复制这样的话：“你非常需要别人喜欢和钦佩你。”和“你有挑剔自己的倾向”，然后给每个学生做了一个测试，让他的学生给测试的准确性打分，从1到5，“1”是最不准确的，“5”是最准确的。平均评分为4.26分。学生们在性格测试中普遍获得的高分支持了巴纳姆效应)”可知，文章第四段通过Forer对学生的性格测试，为巴纳姆效应提供论据。故选C项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“We discovered that we’ve all been falling victim to the Barnum effect. The Barnum Effect is the phenomenon that occurs when individuals believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them, despite the fact that the description is actually filled with information that applies to everyone. (我们发现我们都成了巴纳姆效应的受害者。巴纳姆效应是一种现象，当人们认为性格描述只适用于他们时，尽管事实上这些描述中充满了适用于所有人的信息)”以及倒数第二段“One of the most important factors when reproducing this study is to keep the statements as vague as possible, with a mix of mostly positive and some negative content. (在复制这项研究时，最重要的因素之一是让陈述尽可能模糊，主要是积极的内容和一些消极的内容)”可推知，很多人相信占卜和性格描述，是因为这些描述中充满了适用于所有人的信息，也就是说这些描述其实是很模棱两可的。故选B项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。阅读文章可知，文章第一段“Have you ever taken a personality test and found the results to be scarily accurate, checked your horoscope and had everything come true or taken an online quiz that told you precisely what your favorite Disney princess means about you? Well, we certainly have done so too many times, so we decided to do a little investigation into how Internet -quizzes, magazines and horoscope books seem to know us so well. (你是否曾经做过性格测试，发现结果非常准确？你是否曾经检查过你的星座，一切都成真了？你是否曾经做过一个在线测验，告诉你你最喜欢的迪士尼公主对你意味着什么？好吧，我们已经这么做过太多次了，所以我们决定做一个小调查，看看网络测验、杂志和占星书是如何如此了解我们的。)”提出了“很多人相信占卜和性格测试等”这一现象，而后面几个段落都在分析其原因。由此可知，本文的篇章结构为“现象——分析”。故选A项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____16____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. ____17____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____18____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____19____ For instance we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____20____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 【答案】16. G 17. B 18. D 19. F 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。 【16题详解】 根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。 【17题详解】 根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。 【20题详解】 根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was sitting in a chemistry class when I and six other kids were called down to the counselor’s office. It was pretty strange because none of us were “____21____” students. We all ____22____ what she wanted to say. This was when she told us she would be choosing ____23____ of us to be nominated for the largest ____24____ in Canada. I never realized I was that ____25____. She said, since we all had a(n) ____26____ high average, she would talk to our teachers to see who most ____27____ it. A week later, I got an email from the counselor. It was ____28____ to me and another student at the meeting. I was shocked; this must have ____29____ we were the two people she would be choosing from. We were required to write about where we _____30_____ ourselves in ten years. I knew I had to make this count. I spoke from the heart, describing my _____31_____ life: living in the big city, having finished my degree, doing what I loved every day. About another week later, I got called back to her office, only me. I didn’t want to be overexcited because maybe she was being _____32_____, telling me I wasn’t chosen. She told me I was the one picked. Nobody could have _____33_____ my smile, what a moment! She told me about all the _____34_____ things my teachers said about me; I never realized I was held in such high-regard to them. Over 350,000 students graduate from high school every year and I was one of the only 1,500 kids nominated for this scholarship across all of Canada. _____35_____, I didn’t win in the last round but I’d still like to thank everyone who helped me get to where I am today. 21. A. problem B. intelligent C. talented D. normal 22. A. reflected B. hoped C. wondered D. ensured 23. A. both B. one C. all D. none 24. A. ceremony B. business C. group D. scholarship 25. A. honest B. popular C. excellent D. eager 26. A. different B. similar C. strong D. accurate 27. A. deserved B. consulted C. declared D. performed 28. A. attached B. carried C. returned D. addressed 29. A. meant B. predicted C. allowed D. demanded 30. A. see B. behave C. enjoy D. suit 31. A. busy B. perfect C. reasonable D. wild 32. A. ashamed B. patient C. personal D. fair 33. A. torn down B. kept up C. brought about D. held back 34. A. awkward B. important C. negative D. beautiful 35. A. Naturally B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Strangely 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者获得加拿大最大的奖学金提名的过程。虽然最后一轮失败了，但作者仍然感恩所有给予自己帮助的人。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很奇怪，因为我们都不是“问题”学生。A. problem成问题的；B. intelligent有智慧的；C. talented有天赋的；D. normal正常的。根据前文“It was pretty strange because none of us were”可知，因为我们都不是捣蛋的学生，所以被叫到辅导员办公室很奇怪。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都想知道她会说什么。A. reflected反思；B. hoped希望；C. wondered想知道；D. ensured确保。根据前文“It was pretty strange”可知，我们很好奇她会说什么。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查不定代词辨析。句意：就在那时，她告诉我们，她将从我们当中挑选一个人提名加拿大最大的奖学金。A. both两者都；B. one一个；C. all三者及以上的所有；D. none一个没有。根据前文“I and six other kids were called down to the counselor’s office”及后文“see who most ____7____ it”可知，我们当中有一个人可以获得提名加拿大最大的奖学金的资格。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，她告诉我们，她将从我们当中挑选一个人提名加拿大最大的奖学金。A. ceremony典礼；B. business商业；C. group群体；D. scholarship奖学金。根据后文“this scholarship”可知，我们当中有一个人可以获得提名加拿大最大的奖学金的资格。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从没意识到我有那么优秀。A. honest诚实的；B. popular流行的；C. excellent优秀的；D. eager渴望的。根据前文“choosing ____3____of us to be nominated for the largest ____4____in Canada”可知，我有获得奖学金的机会说明自己很优秀。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，因为我们的平均成绩都差不多，所以她会和我们的老师谈谈，看看谁最应该得到这个奖。A. different不同的；B. similar相似的；C. strong坚强的；D. accurate精确的。根据后文“she would talk to our teachers to see who most ____7____it”可知，因为我们的成绩差不多，所以老师才会评估其他方面。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，因为我们的平均成绩都差不多，所以她会和我们的老师谈谈，看看谁最应该得到这个奖。A. deserved值得；B. consulted咨询；C. declared宣称；D. performed表演。根据前文“she would talk to our teachers to see”可知，她想根据我们老师的看法选出最值得获得奖学金的人。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是写给我和另一个参加会议的学生的。A. attached依附；B. carried携带；C. returned返回；D. addressed在（信封、包裹等）上写姓名和地址。根据前文“I got an email from the counselor”可知，邮件的收信人是我和另一个同学。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很震惊，这一定意味着她会从我们两个人中做选择。A. meant意味着；B. predicted预测；C. allowed允许；D. demanded要求。根据后文“we were the two people she would be choosing from”可知，我认为只有我们两人收到邮件就意味着要从我们当中选择。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们被要求写下我们对十年后自己的看法。A. see看待，考虑，认识；B. behave行为；C. enjoy享受；D. suit适合。根据后文“I spoke from the heart, describing my____10___ life”可知，我们被要求写下自己对十年后的畅想，如何看待十年后的自己。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发自内心地描述了我完美的生活：住在大城市，完成了我的学位，每天做着我喜欢的事情。A. busy繁忙的；B. perfect完美的；C. reasonable合理的；D. wild野外的。根据后文“living in the big city, having finished my degree, doing what I loved every day”可知，我描述了我想象中的完美的生活。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不想太兴奋，因为也许她是在针对我，告诉我我没有被选中。A. ashamed羞耻的；B. patient耐心的；C. personal针对个人的；D. fair公平的。根据前文“I didn’t want to be overexcited because maybe”及后文“telling me I wasn’t chosen”可知，在事情没有定论之前，我不想过分激动，猜测她叫我可能是因为她故意针对我，告诉我我没有被选中。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有人能阻挡我的笑容，多么美妙的一刻！A. torn down扯下；B. kept up保持；C. brought about引起；D. held back阻止。根据前文“I was the one picked”可知，我被选中，非常激动，流露出无法抑制的笑容。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我老师们对我的评价都很高。A. awkward尴尬的；B. important重要的；C. negative消极的；D. beautiful美好的。根据后文“I was held in such high-regard to them”可知，我给老师们留下的印象很好，他们对我的评价很高。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我没有在最后一轮获胜，但我仍然想感谢每一个帮助我走到今天的人。A. Naturally自然地；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Unfortunately不幸的是；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据后文“I didn’t win in the last round”可知，我没有赢得最后一轮，这是一件不幸的事。故选C项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In China, 2024 is the Year of the Dragon, or “loong,” as is known in Chinese. This creature appears on many cultural artifacts ____36____ (pass) down through Chinese history. Unlike Western dragons ____37____ are often depicted as aggressive, fire-breathing, flying lizards, Chinese loongs ____38____ (traditional) symbolize strong and favourable powers. In Chinese mythology ( 神 话 ), the loong is credited with ensuring a good harvest. The unique appearance of the Chinese loong distinguishes it____39____ its Western counterparts. For thousands of years, the Chinese have respected the loong, ____40____ (believe) that they can bring harmony and prosperity. According to Chinese mythology, the Yan Emperor’s mother had seen a loong just before she was pregnant and soon the Yan Emperor ____41____ (bear). So the Chinese regard the Yan Emperor as their forefather, and they sometimes refer to ____42____ (they) as “descendants of the loong (龙的传人).” At a historical site in Liaoning Province, a stone sculpture of a loong was discovered in 1994. ____43____ (measure) 19.70 meters in length, the sculpture ____44____ (date) back to more than 7,600 years ago. The idiom “龙年大吉” means “good luck in the year of the loong.” We wish all of us ____45____ happy and lucky Chinese New Year! 【答案】36. passed 37. which 38. traditionally 39. from 40. believing 41. was born 42. themselves 43. Measuring 44. dates 45. a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国2024年是中国的龙年，中国的文化传承了许多描绘龙的文物。中国龙象征强大和有利的力量，能确保丰收和带来和谐繁荣。中国人尊敬龙，将炎帝视为祖先，并自称为龙的传人。1994年在辽宁省发现了一座7600多年前的19.70米石雕龙。祝大家龙年幸福和好运！ 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种生物出现在许多中国历史上流传下来的文物上。分析句子，句中appears为谓语动词，故设空处使用非谓语动词。此处artifacts与pass之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填passed。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：西方的龙通常被描绘成好斗、喷火、会飞的蜥蜴，而中国的龙在传统上象征着强大和有利的力量。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Western dragons，为物，故使用which。故填which。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词symbolize，意为“传统地”。故填traditionally。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：中国龙独特的外形使它有别于西方龙。句中distinguish…from…为固定短语，意为“区分”。故填from。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，中国人一直尊重龙，相信龙能带来和谐与繁荣。分析句子，句中have respected为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处the Chinese与believe之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。故填believing。 【41题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：根据中国神话，炎帝的母亲在怀孕前看到了一只龙，很快，炎帝就出生了。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的had seen以及before可知句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。此处Yan Emperor与bear之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was born。 【42题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：所以中国人认为炎帝是他们的祖先，他们有时称自己为“龙的传人”。分析句子，句中refer to oneself as为固定短语，意为“视某人自己为……”，此处使用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这座雕塑长19.70米，可追溯到7600多年前。句中date为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，the sculpture与measure之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Measuring。 【44题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。the sculpture是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：祝大家新年快乐，吉祥如意！分析句子，句中Chinese New Year为可数名词，此处表示泛指，其修饰词happy首字母为辅音音素。故填a。 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假如你是某学生会主席李华，为了迎接国际志愿者日的到来，请你以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封英文倡议信，号召参加主题为“互助，互爱”的志愿者活动，内容包括：1. 倡议目的；2. 活动内容；3. 呼吁参加。 参考词汇：国际志愿者日(International Volunteer Day);互助，互爱(mutual assistance and care) 注意：1. 写作词数应80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear teachers and schoolmates, As the president of the Students’ Union, I am thrilled to announce the upcoming celebration of International Volunteer Day on December 5th that serves as a reminder of the importance of mutual assistance and care within our community. To commemorate this meaningful occasion, our Student Union is organizing a series of volunteer activities centered around the theme of “Mutual Assistance and Care”. These activities will include volunteering at local shelters, organizing donation drives for those in need, and spreading kindness throughout our campus. I urge each and every one of you to join us in making a positive impact on our community by participating in these volunteer activities. Together, let’s embody the spirit of mutual assistance and care, and make a difference in the lives of others. The Students’ Union 【解析】 【详解】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封英文倡议信，号召参加主题为“互助，互爱”的志愿者活动。 1. 词汇积累 激动的：thrilled→excited 宣布：announce→declare 主题：theme→topic 影响：impact→effect 2. 句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：To commemorate this meaningful occasion, our Students’ Union is organizing a series of volunteer activities centered around the theme of “Mutual Assistance and Care”. These activities will include volunteering at local shelters, organizing donation drives for those in need, and spreading kindness throughout our campus. 拓展句：To commemorate this meaningful occasion, our Students’ Union is organizing a series of volunteer activities centered around the theme of “Mutual Assistance and Care”, which will include volunteering at local shelters, organizing donation drives for those in need, and spreading kindness throughout our campus. [高分句型1] As the president of the Students’ Union, I am thrilled to announce the upcoming celebration of International Volunteer Day on December 5th that serves as a reminder of the importance of mutual assistance and care within our community.(运用了that引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] To commemorate this meaningful occasion, our Students’ Union is organizing a series of volunteer activities centered around the theme of “Mutual Assistance and Care”.(运用了不定式作目的状语) 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Aram and Rossi’s Bakery Walking along the narrow brick sidewalk, Aram took a deep breath. The air smelled of lemons and baked bread and coffee, coming from Rossi’s Italian Bakery. He was almost there. Aram still couldn’t believe his luck. All his friends were working boring summer jobs—waiting tables and babysitting. And here he was, about to start as an actual baker’s assistant, doing what he loved. It was all thanks to his Aunt Rita. She knew Mrs Rossi and had arranged everything. It was the perfect experience for his future career. Rossi’s Bakery, he was sure, would one day be known as the place where he got his start. Ah, here he was—the bakery. A faded wooden sign over the door read “Rossi’s Bakery.” Aram straightened his shoulders and entered. Mrs Rossi was sitting at the counter, looking old and wise. Aram greeted her and stuck out his hand. Mrs Rossi looked at it for a second before turning around and waving him inside. “I’m ready to learn everything,” Aram said. “Great. Let’s start with the cash register,” Mrs Rossi said, “because that’s what you’ll be doing.” She showed him how to use the cash register. It wasn’t hard. The pastry trays were all marked by price, and there weren’t that many choices anyway. “That’s it?” Aram said, his heart sinking. “But when do we bake?” “Bake? I order wholesale now. No more baking. I’m too old.” Then Mrs Rossi silently held up her hands. Aram took in her knotted, swollen fingers, and he understood. A wave of disappointment struck him. Sadness overwhelmed him so suddenly that he couldn’t think of a word to say. He sighed, and Mrs Rossi sighed, too. “I used to bake it all. Bread and cakes. And no one did it better than me. But that was when these things worked,” said Mrs Rossi holding up her hands once more and glancing across the shelves filled with empty bottles labelled with names of the various ingredients (配料) she once used. Suddenly she came alive, waving her arthritic (关节炎的) hands. “People used to line up around the corner. Everyone wanted my baked bread.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Then a thought occurred to Aram that he could ask Mrs Rossi to teach him. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mrs Rossi finally said, “Let’s buy the ingredients first.” _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Then a thought occurred to Aram that he could ask Mrs Rossi to teach him. But he was not sure whether Mrs Rossi liked the idea or not. Thinking that if he didn't put it forward, he would be dealing with the boring cash register for the whole summer, Aram hesitated no more. “Mrs Rossi, I'm wondering if I could have the privilege to be your apprentice.” Mrs Rossi looked at him and then his hands. Aram continued. “I was fascinated by the pure magic with which you mixed those ingredients and turned them into pieces of art. Would you teach me to be your magical hands?” Aram’s eyes glittered with passion. Mrs Rossi finally said, “Let’s buy the ingredients first.” On hearing this, Aram felt over the moon. Delightedly, they shut the door and headed for the supermarket. Two hours later those empty bottles were full again. With the long options ingredients inside, Mrs Rossi seemed as overjoyed and hopeful as Aram. At the end of the summer, neighbors were seen lining up round the corner outside the Rossi’s. Two years later, a new wooden sign was hung over the door, reading “Aram and Rossi’s Bakery”. 【解析】 【分析】本文是记叙文。文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了Mrs Rossi因年岁已高，无法打理自己的面包店，但打暑期工的Aram诚心拜师学艺，并与Rossi一起成功拯救面包店的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Aram突然想到，他可以请罗西太太来教他。”可知，第一段可描写Aram如何说出他的想法并成功打动Mrs Rossi的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“Mrs Rossi最后说:“我们先去买食材吧。”可知，第二段可描写Mrs Rossi同意Aram的请求后他们做的事情。 2.续写线索：Aram有了主意——Aram决定拜师——陈述原因——得到认可——一起购买佐料——取得成功 3.词汇激 行为类 ①.继续：continue /go on ②.发光：glitter /shine/flash 情绪类 ①.着迷：fascinated /amazed ②.喜悦：delightedly / joyfully /happily 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Thinking that if he didn't put it forward, he would be dealing with the boring cash register for the whole summer, Aram hesitated no more. （现在分词短语作原因状语, that引导的宾语从句和if引导的条件状语从句） [高分句型2]. I was fascinated by the pure magic with which you mixed those ingredients and turned them into pieces of art. （which引导定语从句） [高分句型3]. With the long options ingredients inside, Mrs Rossi seemed as overjoyed and hopeful as Aram.（with复合结构作原因状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 广州市第十六中学2023-2024学年 高二下学期英语期末考 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Filming Locations You Can Actually Visit Mars (The Martian) When you search for a location to stand in for the surface of another world The Wadi Rum Protected Area in far southern Jordan is a good place to start. With the impressive “vast and echoing and God-like” landscape, it served as the background of Matt Damon’s 18-month stay on the red planet in The Martian. Jurassic Park The Hawaiian islands were the locations for some of Jurassic Park’s most memorable scenes. Kauai provides the rough coastline and some of the most breathtaking features of the fictional Isla Nublar, while the rolling hills of Oahu’s Kualoa Ranch function as the background of the Gallimimus stampede (逃亡). Hobbiton Unlike the other locations in this list, the Shire is a wholly artificial set, built on a sheep farm on New Zealand ‘s North Island. Created for Peter Jackson’s big-screen adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Hobbiton began to draw curious fans shortly after the release of the first film in the series. In time, what began as a temporary location designed to host a three-month movie shoot has evolved into a Tolkienesque theme park with over 350,000 visitors annually. King’s Landing The HBO series Game of Thrones brings to life the many locations of George R.R. Martin’s fantasy world, but the conflict of sex, swords, and trickery reaches its peak in the capital of King’s Landing. The “real” capital of Westeros can be found in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The city’s 16th-century fortress walls overlook Blackwater Bay, while the parks, avenues, and alleys of the old city have witnessed the triumphs and tragedies of House Lannister. 1. Which of the four locations should you visit if you are a big fan of J.R.R. Tolkien? A. Mars (The Martian). B. Jurassic Park. C. Hobbiton. D. King’s Landing. 2. What do the movie locations Mars and Jurassic Park have in common? A. They are both on the coast. B. They demonstrate magnificent views. C. They can represent another world. D. They are set for only one film. 3. What can visitors do in King’s Landing? A. See ancient fortress walls. B. Play roles in Game of Thrones. C. Visit George R.R. Martin. D. Experience the triumphs and tragedies. B When he went outside during the break, John Buettner would dream of learning the monkey-bars. He uses a wheelchair, so they aren’t accessible to him — in fact, most of the playground at Glen Lake Elementary School isn’t. Betsy Julien would look out at the students in their wheelchairs, and thought, “Our playground is not set up for everybody in the school to play and have fun.” Now thanks to this teacher and her students, that dream is about to come true in a bigger way. Last fall, Julien and a few of her colleagues applied for, and won, a grant for an accessible swing and merry-go-round. The grant fell $35,000 short of the amount the school needed, so Julien asked her class to help raise the rest. Her students jumped at the idea, and took it a step further. “Why can’t we make the whole playground accessible?” said Hadley Mangan. They brainstormed ideas on how to raise money: door-knocking, partnering with restaurants, handing out flyers, and even cold-calling local businesses. They got to work and reached their goal in a matter of weeks. Now, they aim to raise $1 million so they can completely transform their playground. Last week, Julien loaded the students for a field trip to see how the equipment is built and even got to color in a blueprint of the playground design. Buettner said he could hardly believe how quickly an idea turned into reality. “All of this equipment is big enough for my friends and I to play on. I just feel some sense of capability.” Julien speaks through tears, too, when reflecting on the project and the transformation. “Anything we raise beyond our goal will go towards accessible equipment at neighboring schools. I hope that the world is accepting and inclusive for every child.” 4. What’s the problem with the school playground? A. Little playing space. B. Limited accessibility. C. Poor construction funding. D. Narrow wheelchair passage. 5. What does the underlined phrase “a step further” refer to? A. Donating more money. B. Achieving original goals. C. Asking more people for help. D. Transforming the whole playground. 6. What can we infer from Buettner’s words? A. He engages more in donation. B. He has more faith in himself. C. He becomes an expert in sports. D. He gets more involved in contests. 7. What can we learn from Julien’s story? A. Hard work matters. B. Kindness bears fruits. C. Good ideas win favor. D. Trust promotes friendship. C Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too. A paper published in the journal Trends in Plant Science details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change, and how they are passing down these adaptations to their offspring(后代). Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever. For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.” Because plants don’t have neural(神经的) networks, their memory is based entirely on cellular(细胞的),molecular(分子的),and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory(体细胞记忆). “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly,” says Martinelli. These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring via epigenetics(表现遗传). “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,” says Martinelli. Going forward, Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the genes that are being passed down. “We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequence(序列),”he says. “This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change, we observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive.” 8. What adaptations have plants made to shortened cold seasons? A. They have shortened their flowering time. B. They have got more chances to reproduce. C. They have avoided flowering in cold seasons. D. They have adjusted their environmental clock. 9. What can we learn about somatic memory? A. It is entirely based on neural networks. B. It can help the plants’ offspring to survive. C. It can help relieve environmental stresses. D. It disturbs the plants’ biochemical networks. 10. What does the underlined word “modulating” mean in paragraph 4? A. Adjusting. B. Treasuring. C. Recording. D. Sharing. 11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Plants are smart about flowering time B. Plants can also adapt to climate change C. Environmental stresses challenge plants D. Mysteries of plant genes are to be unfolded D Have you ever taken a personality test and found the results to be scarily accurate, checked your horoscope and had everything come true or taken an online quiz that told you precisely what your favorite Disney princess means about you? Well, we certainly have done so too many times, so we decided to do a little investigation into how Internet -quizzes, magazines and horoscope books seem to know us so well. We discovered that we’ve all been falling victim to the Barnum effect. The Barnum Effect is the phenomenon that occurs when individuals believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them, despite the fact that the description is actually filled with information that applies to everyone. It was named after P. T. Barnum, a famous 19th century showman, who would famously say, “There’s a fool born every minute.” Indeed, Barnum proved to be right, as pseudoscience —such as astrology and personality tests — remains popular to this day. The Bamum effect explains why extremely general statements, such as the results of your personality test, seem so specific to you. Don’t believe us? Well, late psychology professor Bertram Forer offered some proof. In a historic study, Forer conducted a personality test to his students. Forer copied statements such as “You have a great need for other people to like and admire you.” and “You have a tendency to be critical of yourself.” from the newspaper’s horoscope column and gave a test to every student. Forer asked his students to rate the accuracy of the test from one to five, with “one” being the least accurate and “five” being the most accurate. The average rating was 4.26. The universally high ratings from students on the personality test supported the Barnum effect. One of the most important factors when reproducing this study is to keep the statements as vague as possible with a mix of mostly positive and some negative content. For example, using the phrase “at times” makes for a powerful Barnum Effect. See “At times you are outgoing and sociable, while at other times you are shy and reserved” who would not agree with that statement? So, keep in mind that we are not immune to the Barnum effect. Take everything you hear with several grains of salt. 12. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A. To present a controversial opinion. B. To provide an example of an idea. C. To offer a solution to a problem. D. To define the meaning of a term. 13. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Potential application of the Barnum effect. B. Further explanation of the Barnum effect. C. Supporting evidence for the Barnum effect. D. A reasonable doubt of the research process. 14. Why do so many people believe the statements in horoscope and personality tests? A. They are so specific. B. They are unclear. C. They are positive. D. They are believable. 15. How is the passage organized? A. Phenomenon—analysis. B. Cause—effect. C. Problem—solution. D. Claim—counterclaim. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____16____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. ____17____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____18____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____19____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____20____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was sitting in a chemistry class when I and six other kids were called down to the counselor’s office. It was pretty strange because none of us were “____21____” students. We all ____22____ what she wanted to say. This was when she told us she would be choosing ____23____ of us to be nominated for the largest ____24____ in Canada. I never realized I was that ____25____. She said, since we all had a(n) ____26____ high average, she would talk to our teachers to see who most ____27____ it. A week later, I got an email from the counselor. It was ____28____ to me and another student at the meeting. I was shocked; this must have ____29____ we were the two people she would be choosing from. We were required to write about where we _____30_____ ourselves in ten years. I knew I had to make this count. I spoke from the heart, describing my _____31_____ life: living in the big city, having finished my degree, doing what I loved every day. About another week later I got called back to her office, only me. I didn’t want to be overexcited because maybe she was being _____32_____, telling me I wasn’t chosen. She told me I was the one picked. Nobody could have _____33_____ my smile, what a moment! She told me about all the _____34_____ things my teachers said about me; I never realized I was held in such high-regard to them. Over 350,000 students graduate from high school every year and I was one of the only 1,500 kids nominated for this scholarship across all of Canada. _____35_____, I didn’t win in the last round but I’d still like to thank everyone who helped me get to where I am today. 21. A. problem B. intelligent C. talented D. normal 22. A. reflected B. hoped C. wondered D. ensured 23. A. both B. one C. all D. none 24. A. ceremony B. business C. group D. scholarship 25. A. honest B. popular C. excellent D. eager 26. A. different B. similar C. strong D. accurate 27. A. deserved B. consulted C. declared D. performed 28. A. attached B. carried C. returned D. addressed 29. A. meant B. predicted C. allowed D. demanded 30. A. see B. behave C. enjoy D. suit 31. A. busy B. perfect C. reasonable D. wild 32. A. ashamed B. patient C. personal D. fair 33. A. torn down B. kept up C. brought about D. held back 34. A. awkward B. important C. negative D. beautiful 35. A. Naturally B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Strangely 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In China, 2024 is the Year of the Dragon, or “loong,” as is known in Chinese. This creature appears on many cultural artifacts ____36____ (pass) down through Chinese history. Unlike Western dragons, ____37____ are often depicted as aggressive, fire-breathing, flying lizards, Chinese loongs ____38____ (traditional) symbolize strong and favourable powers. In Chinese mythology ( 神 话 ), the loong is credited with ensuring a good harvest. The unique appearance of the Chinese loong distinguishes it____39____ its Western counterparts. For thousands of years, the Chinese have respected the loong, ____40____ (believe) that they can bring harmony and prosperity. According to Chinese mythology, the Yan Emperor’s mother had seen a loong just before she was pregnant and soon the Yan Emperor ____41____ (bear). So the Chinese regard the Yan Emperor as their forefather, and they sometimes refer to ____42____ (they) as “descendants of the loong (龙的传人).” At a historical site in Liaoning Province, a stone sculpture of a loong was discovered in 1994. ____43____ (measure) 19.70 meters in length, the sculpture ____44____ (date) back to more than 7,600 years ago. The idiom “龙年大吉” means “good luck in the year of the loong.” We wish all of us ____45____ happy and lucky Chinese New Year! 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假如你是某学生会主席李华，为了迎接国际志愿者日的到来，请你以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封英文倡议信，号召参加主题为“互助，互爱”的志愿者活动，内容包括：1. 倡议目的；2. 活动内容；3. 呼吁参加。 参考词汇：国际志愿者日(International Volunteer Day);互助，互爱(mutual assistance and care) 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Aram and Rossi’s Bakery Walking along the narrow brick sidewalk, Aram took a deep breath. The air smelled of lemons and baked bread and coffee, coming from Rossi’s Italian Bakery. He was almost there. Aram still couldn’t believe his luck. All his friends were working boring summer jobs—waiting tables and babysitting. And here he was, about to start as an actual baker’s assistant, doing what he loved. It was all thanks to his Aunt Rita. She knew Mrs Rossi and had arranged everything. It was the perfect experience for his future career. Rossi’s Bakery, he was sure, would one day be known as the place where he got his start. Ah, here he was—the bakery. A faded wooden sign over the door read “Rossi’s Bakery.” Aram straightened his shoulders and entered. Mrs Rossi was sitting at the counter, looking old and wise. Aram greeted her and stuck out his hand. Mrs Rossi looked at it for a second before turning around and waving him inside. “I’m ready to learn everything,” Aram said. “Great. Let’s start with the cash register,” Mrs Rossi said, “because that’s what you’ll be doing.” She showed him how to use the cash register. It wasn’t hard. The pastry trays were all marked by price, and there weren’t that many choices anyway. “That’s it?” Aram said, his heart sinking. “But when do we bake?” “Bake? I order wholesale now. No more baking. I’m too old.” Then Mrs Rossi silently held up her hands. Aram took in her knotted swollen fingers, and he understood. A wave of disappointment struck him. Sadness overwhelmed him so suddenly that he couldn’t think of a word to say. He sighed, and Mrs Rossi sighed, too. “I used to bake it all. Bread and cakes. And no one did it better than me. But that was when these things worked,” said Mrs Rossi holding up her hands once more and glancing across the shelves filled with empty bottles labelled with names of the various ingredients (配料) she once used. Suddenly she came alive, waving her arthritic (关节炎的) hands. “People used to line up around the corner. Everyone wanted my baked bread.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Then a thought occurred to Aram that he could ask Mrs Rossi to teach him. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mrs Rossi finally said, “Let’s buy the ingredients first.” _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$