专题01 细节题-2025年高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练

专题01 细节题 细节理解题通常基于短文所提供的信息和事实进行提问。命题者往往通过对文章细节的改写来评估考生对细节的准确理解能力。在高考阅读理解部分，细节理解题占据了相当大的比重，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的一半。这类题目的考点可能源自段落内的单句信息理解，也可能来自对段落内综合信息的理解。考查的内容包括时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式，以及在议论文中可能涉及的例证细节和定义类细节。 预计到2025年，在应用文、说明文和记叙文的阅读理解中，将更加注重对细节理解题的考查。 一、方法思维导图 二、设问方式和考题类型 1、 设问方式 常针对文中细节提问，可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。 1. 是非题形式：true/ false或except? All of the following are true EXCEPT _____. 2.特殊疑问句形式： According to the passage, who/ what/ when/ where / why / how… 3.填空题形式，如： To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_____ 考题类型 1．高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。 2．中频考点：数字计算题； 3. 低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。 三、细节题选项特征 (一)细节理解题正确选项特征 同义替换 指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one's job换成了be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。 信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项。 (二)细节理解题干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误。 四、细节题解题秘籍 细节理解题有时较为直接，理解字面意义即可回答；有时则较为间接，需要通过归纳、概括和推理来解答。细节理解题占据了阅读理解总题量的约60%，是得分的关键。 无论细节理解题以何种方式提出问题，考生都应牢记一个解题原则——“本本主义”，即始终以原文为依据，无需阅读多个段落甚至全文后进行归纳总结或分析推理，正确答案往往对应原文中的某个具体信息。 1．直接信息题 考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。解题流程如下： 做题小技巧： 1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。 2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项。　 4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。 5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。 6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及。　 例子1 … I found the pre­holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less­used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)． … 33．What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects? A．Saving up for her holiday. B．Raising money for a poor girl. C．Adding the money to her fund. D．Giving the money to a sick mother. 二．间接信息题 相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。 例子2… Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. … 24．What does the author seem to like about cherries? A．They contain protein. B．They are high in vitamin A. C．They have a pleasant taste. D．They are rich in antioxidants. 三．概括、归纳信息题 是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。 例子3… At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. … 30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A．About 6,800.　　　 B．About 3,400. C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200. 四．正误判断题 是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。 例子4 Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50­metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane (赛道)．Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival — The Hottest Festival on Earth Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction — food that is not just spicy (辛辣), but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate­covered habanero pepper — officially the hottest pepper in the world — or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure — if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you! La Tomatina — The World's Biggest Food Fight On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Buñol hosts La Tomatina — the world's largest food fight. A week­long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes — official fight­starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd. … 59．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine. B．More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. C．Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. D．An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina. 五、定位词的寻找技巧 1.定位词的选用 (1)特殊定位词 在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。 [示例1] HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案).“We don’t give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold，a project manager. 33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A.To strengthen teacherstudent relationships. B.To sharpen students’ communication skills. C.To allow students to experience zero gravity. D.To link space technology with school education. (2)普通定位词 普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词，其次是动词。 [示例2] In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11. 25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A.He buys cooking materials for her. B.He prepares food for her kids. C.He assists her in cooking matters. D.He invites guest families for her. 2.挑选定位词的注意点 (1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词 定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就失去了定位的意义。 (2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换 在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。 [示例1] Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. Duration：3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the worldfamous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear! 21.Which tour do you need to book in advance? A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 总结： 在高中英语阅读中，选择合适的定位词可以帮助我们快速、准确地在原文中找到答案所在位置，以下是一些选择定位词的方法及举例： 一、特殊定位词 特殊定位词具有独特性，在文中容易快速识别，常可作为优先选择的定位词。 人名：如“ In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste” ，若题目涉及Matt Tebbutt相关内容，就可将“Matt Tebbutt”作为定位词，快速在文中找到相关信息 。 地名：像“Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.” ，如果题目与这次骑行之旅或者华盛顿特区相关，“Washington，D.C.”就能帮助定位。 数字（包括日期、时间、价格、数量等）：例如“Duration：3 hours”（持续时间：3小时），若题目询问该活动时长相关问题，“3 hours”就是明显的定位词 。 专有名词（首字母大写的特定名称，如组织名、机构名等）：比如“Good Morning Britain”（《早安英国》 ，一档节目），若题目围绕这个节目展开，它就是定位关键。 特殊符号中的内容：如引号、括号、破折号等符号内的信息 。比如“‘Save Money：Good Food’（《省钱：美食》），书名在引号中，可用于定位 。 二、普通定位词 当题目中没有特殊定位词时，可考虑以下普通定位词： 名词：是普通定位词的首选，因为名词通常表达具体的事物，具有较强的指向性。 例如题目问“How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?” ，“Matt Tebbutt”和“Susanna”是人名可定位，“help”这个动作依赖的对象是核心，所以“help”相关信息也是重点，而“help”的双方涉及的行为，像“cooking matters（烹饪相关事宜）”这个名词短语也可作为定位词 。 动词：能体现动作和行为，也有助于定位。如上述例子中，“assists（协助）”“prepares（准备）”“buys（购买）”等动词，可帮助确定人物间的具体行为关系，辅助定位 。 三、选择定位词的注意事项 避开高频词：文章中反复出现的高频词，不适合作为定位词，因为无法精准定位到某一处与题目相关的内容。比如一篇介绍环保的文章，“environment（环境）”一词多次出现，就不宜作为定位词。 注意同义转换：题目中的定位词在文中可能会以同义词或近义词的形式出现。例如题目中用“purchase（购买）” ，文中可能用“buy” ；题目中用“begin（开始）” ，文中可能用“start” 。所以平时要注重积累同义词，提升词汇量，这样才能快速识别同义转换后的定位词 。 六、真题感悟 1. 2025.1 浙江卷B篇第2段 According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” 25. Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A. Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B. Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C. Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D. Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 2. 2025.1 八省联考C篇第3-4段 Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. 30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs. C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old. 3. 2024 新高考1卷C篇Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 4. 2024 新高考2卷D篇 Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 5. 2024.6北京卷D篇 But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. 25. In her 30s, the author _________. A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 细节题 细节理解题通常基于短文所提供的信息和事实进行提问。命题者往往通过对文章细节的改写来评估考生对细节的准确理解能力。在高考阅读理解部分，细节理解题占据了相当大的比重，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的一半。这类题目的考点可能源自段落内的单句信息理解，也可能来自对段落内综合信息的理解。考查的内容包括时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式，以及在议论文中可能涉及的例证细节和定义类细节。 预计到2025年，在应用文、说明文和记叙文的阅读理解中，将更加注重对细节理解题的考查。 一、方法思维导图 二、设问方式和考题类型 1、 设问方式 常针对文中细节提问，可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。 1. 是非题形式：true/ false或except? All of the following are true EXCEPT _____. 2.特殊疑问句形式： According to the passage, who/ what/ when/ where / why / how… 3.填空题形式，如： To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_____ 考题类型 1．高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。 2．中频考点：数字计算题； 3. 低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。 三、细节题选项特征 (一)细节理解题正确选项特征 同义替换 指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one's job换成了be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。 信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项。 (二)细节理解题干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误。 四、细节题解题秘籍 细节理解题有时较为直接，理解字面意义即可回答；有时则较为间接，需要通过归纳、概括和推理来解答。细节理解题占据了阅读理解总题量的约60%，是得分的关键。 无论细节理解题以何种方式提出问题，考生都应牢记一个解题原则——“本本主义”，即始终以原文为依据，无需阅读多个段落甚至全文后进行归纳总结或分析推理，正确答案往往对应原文中的某个具体信息。 1．直接信息题 考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。解题流程如下： 做题小技巧： 1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。 2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项。　 4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。 5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。 6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及。　 例子1 … I found the pre­holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less­used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)． … 33．What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects? A．Saving up for her holiday. B．Raising money for a poor girl. C．Adding the money to her fund. D．Giving the money to a sick mother. [解题示范] 第一步：定信息区间 抓关键 题干中的关键词：Georgia, sell, objects 锁信息 定位：用Georgia，sell，objects寻读，在文中找到信息源——She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor). 第二步：比对定答案 选项 选项意思 定位 A 为她的假期储蓄。 曲解文意 B 为一个贫困女孩募捐。 曲解文意 C 把钱放入她的基金。 同义替换 D 把钱送给一个生病的妈妈。 无中生有 [分析]　选C　比对选项和信息句可知，女儿愿意卖几件玩具，是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的求学基金；选项和原文中均出现fund一词，故为直接细节理解题。故选C。 二．间接信息题 相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。 例子2… Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. … 24．What does the author seem to like about cherries? A．They contain protein. B．They are high in vitamin A. C．They have a pleasant taste. D．They are rich in antioxidants. [解题示范] 第一步：定信息区间 抓关键 题干中的关键词：cherries 锁信息 定位：用cherries寻读，在文中找到信息源——As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. 第二步：比对定答案 选项 选项意思 定位 A 它们含有蛋白质。 张冠李戴 B 它们富含维生素A。 张冠李戴 C 它们口感好。 同义替换 D 它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质。 张冠李戴 [分析]　选C　根据该段最后一句“As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C．”可知，原文中的they are so delicious被替换成选项中的They have a pleasant taste，为间接细节理解题。故选C。 三．概括、归纳信息题 是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。 例子3… At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. … 30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A．About 6,800.　　　 B．About 3,400. C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200. [解题示范] 第一步：定信息区间 抓关键 题干中的关键词：6,000 锁信息 定位：用6,000寻读，在文中找到信息源——The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 第二步：比对定答案 选项 选项意思 原文意思 定位 A 大约6 800种。 6 800为现在世界现存语言数量。 张冠李戴 B 大约3 400种。 世界语言总量的一半即为3 400。 信息归纳 C 大约2 400种。 2 400为非洲语言数量。 张冠李戴 D 大约1 200种。 数字1 200在原文中没有出现，也无法做出有效归纳。 无中生有 [分析]　选B　根据本段第一句“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言；再根据最后一句“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。根据以上数据的归纳概括可知B项为正确选项。 四．正误判断题 是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。 例子4 Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50­metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane (赛道)．Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival — The Hottest Festival on Earth Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction — food that is not just spicy (辛辣), but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate­covered habanero pepper — officially the hottest pepper in the world — or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure — if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you! La Tomatina — The World's Biggest Food Fight On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Buñol hosts La Tomatina — the world's largest food fight. A week­long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes — official fight­starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd. … 59．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine. B．More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. C．Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. D．An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina. [解题示范] 第一步：定信息区间 选项 选项关键词 信息区间 A The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition 第一段第四句 B More than 10,000 Chinese 第二段第一、二句 C Thousands of spicy foods are on show 第二段倒数第二句 D An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning 第三段第二句 第二步：逐一比对定答案 选项 选项意思 原文意思 定位 A Stilton滚动奶酪比赛的主要奖品是啤酒或波尔图葡萄酒。 奖品是a complete Stilton cheese。 张冠李戴 B 一万多名中国人参加Fiery Food and BBQ Festival。 参加者来自世界各地。 曲解文意 C 在Fiery Food and BBQ Festival上，成千上万种辛辣食物被展出。 展出了成千上万种食物。 同义替换 D 在La Tomatina节日的开始，会举行一场激动人心的“西红柿大战”。 “西红柿大战”发生在节日结尾，而不是节日的开始。 曲解文意 [答案]　C 五、定位词的寻找技巧 1.定位词的选用 (1)特殊定位词 在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。 [示例1] HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案).“We don’t give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold，a project manager. 33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A.To strengthen teacherstudent relationships. B.To sharpen students’ communication skills. C.To allow students to experience zero gravity. D.To link space technology with school education. 分析：选D。本题可以根据特殊定位词HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。 (2)普通定位词 普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词，其次是动词。 [示例2] In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11. 25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A.He buys cooking materials for her. B.He prepares food for her kids. C.He assists her in cooking matters. D.He invites guest families for her. 分析：选C。　由于比较醒目人名Matt Tebbutt和 Susanna在文中出现多次，所以不能作为定位词。本题可以利用题干中的动词help来定位，从而找到原文信息“with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste”。 2.挑选定位词的注意点 (1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词 定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就失去了定位的意义。 (2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换 在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。 [示例1] Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. Duration：3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the worldfamous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear! 21.Which tour do you need to book in advance? A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 分析：选A。本题可以用同义词定位：book in advance ＝reserve“预约”。根据第一条自行车旅行路线中的“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear！”可知，选择这条自行车旅行路线需要提前预订。 总结： 在高中英语阅读中，选择合适的定位词可以帮助我们快速、准确地在原文中找到答案所在位置，以下是一些选择定位词的方法及举例： 一、特殊定位词 特殊定位词具有独特性，在文中容易快速识别，常可作为优先选择的定位词。 人名：如“ In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste” ，若题目涉及Matt Tebbutt相关内容，就可将“Matt Tebbutt”作为定位词，快速在文中找到相关信息 。 地名：像“Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.” ，如果题目与这次骑行之旅或者华盛顿特区相关，“Washington，D.C.”就能帮助定位。 数字（包括日期、时间、价格、数量等）：例如“Duration：3 hours”（持续时间：3小时），若题目询问该活动时长相关问题，“3 hours”就是明显的定位词 。 专有名词（首字母大写的特定名称，如组织名、机构名等）：比如“Good Morning Britain”（《早安英国》 ，一档节目），若题目围绕这个节目展开，它就是定位关键。 特殊符号中的内容：如引号、括号、破折号等符号内的信息 。比如“‘Save Money：Good Food’（《省钱：美食》），书名在引号中，可用于定位 。 二、普通定位词 当题目中没有特殊定位词时，可考虑以下普通定位词： 名词：是普通定位词的首选，因为名词通常表达具体的事物，具有较强的指向性。 例如题目问“How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?” ，“Matt Tebbutt”和“Susanna”是人名可定位，“help”这个动作依赖的对象是核心，所以“help”相关信息也是重点，而“help”的双方涉及的行为，像“cooking matters（烹饪相关事宜）”这个名词短语也可作为定位词 。 动词：能体现动作和行为，也有助于定位。如上述例子中，“assists（协助）”“prepares（准备）”“buys（购买）”等动词，可帮助确定人物间的具体行为关系，辅助定位 。 三、选择定位词的注意事项 避开高频词：文章中反复出现的高频词，不适合作为定位词，因为无法精准定位到某一处与题目相关的内容。比如一篇介绍环保的文章，“environment（环境）”一词多次出现，就不宜作为定位词。 注意同义转换：题目中的定位词在文中可能会以同义词或近义词的形式出现。例如题目中用“purchase（购买）” ，文中可能用“buy” ；题目中用“begin（开始）” ，文中可能用“start” 。所以平时要注重积累同义词，提升词汇量，这样才能快速识别同义转换后的定位词 。 六、真题感悟 1. 2025.1 浙江卷B篇第2段 According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” 25. Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A. Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B. Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C. Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D. Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 25. C 细节理解题。由第二段末句心理学教授的建议 “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy” 可知，不应向孩子讲解与零食相关的风险，因为可能会带来不健康的影响，故选C项。 2. 2025.1 八省联考C篇第3-4段 Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. 30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs. C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old. 30. C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks”可知，Jacobs建议人行道应紧密相连，方便人们交流和互动。故选C项。 3. 2024 新高考1卷C篇 Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 4. 2024 新高考2卷D篇 Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。 5. 2024.6北京卷D篇 But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. 25. In her 30s, the author _________. A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$