方法技巧普查卷-【提分宝典】2026年新高考英语一轮全考点普查与练习

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语总复习 方法技巧普查卷 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 （一）细节理解题 Passage 1 POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■ Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. ■ Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■ On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. ■ Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two.          B. Three. C. Four.          D. Six. 答案：A 解析：数字计算题。根据题干中的“grand prize”可定位至Prizes部分中的3 Grand Prizes。根据“3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.”可知，每位大奖获得者可以带一名家长和一个由得奖者指定的人去旅行，即大奖获得者可以带两个人参加这次免费旅行，故选A项。 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 答案：C 解析：直接信息题。根据题干中的“honorable mention”可定位至50 Honorable Mentions部分，根据“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.”可知，每一位荣誉奖获得者都会得到一件特别的T恤，故选C项。 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. 答案：B 解析：综合信息题。根据题干中的“disqualification”定位至Rules部分，根据“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.（认真遵守所有规则，以免被取消资格。）”以及“Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.（用不超过100个词写一首诗。你的诗可以是任何格式，行数不限。）”可知，诗的词数必须在100以内，120词会被取消资格，故选B项。 （本组题普查数字计算题、直接信息题和综合信息题的解题方法） Passage 2 Through a new partnership between Amazon and the UK’s National Health Service（NHS）, patients will be able to use Alexa devices to answer health-related questions. Using information from the NHS website, Alexa is able to answer basic medical questions like common treatments for a headache, an injured finger or the flu. The NHS thinks of the service as being useful to patients, in particular elderly patients, blind patients and those who cannot access the Internet in traditional ways. While Alexa was able to answer some simple health-related questions, it only relied on general information from the Internet, some of which was not accurate and reliable. By employing Alexa to provide health information about common conditions, the hope is to reduce the burden on NHS doctors and free them up for higher level tasks. The effort was driven by a billion-pound program known as NHSX, which is attempting to drive digital transformation and the adoption of the latest technologies within the system. The program aims to figure out new ways to reduce the burden on doctors and nurses, increase the productivity of the NHS and give patients an easy access to information and services directly. Adi Latif, a 38-year-old blind patient, uses Alexa and other voice-assisted technology for everyday tasks. “Convenience is king and it’s significant to know I can ask Alexa about illnesses and receive reliable, NHS-based information,” said Adi. “The public need to be able to get reliable information about their health easily and in ways they actually use,” NHSX Chief Executive Matthew Gould said in a statement. “By working closely with Amazon and other tech companies, big and small, we can ensure that the millions of users looking for health information every day can get simple, reliable advice or even find cures at the touch of a button or voice command.” Not everyone is pleased by the move. Critics say we need to be careful about trusting the advice of a piece of software. They say we must go to a human doctor if we have serious health problems. Some people say that Alexa devices have brought up concerns about the privacy problems that could possibly result from opening up health information to Amazon. “Amazon simply wants one thing: more and more data for more money,” said Deputy Leader of the Labour Party Tom Watson. 4. NHSX developed Alexa devices with the purpose of _________. A. providing patients with first-class services B. searching for new cures of deadly diseases C. putting the latest technologies into practical use D. training medical staff to answer health-related questions 答案：C 解析：语意转述题。文章第五段讲述了关于耗资10亿英镑的NHSX项目开发Alexa装置的目的。根据该段第一句中的“which is attempting to drive digital transformation and the adoption of the latest technologies within the system（该项目试图推动数字化转换，并在系统内采用最新的技术）”可知，NHSX开发Alexa装置的目的之一是将最新的技术投入到实际应用中，造福患者，故选C项。 （本题普查语意转述题的解题方法） （二）推理判断题和观点态度题 Passage 1 When Ryan Kyote heard the story of a 5-year-old girl in Indiana who was denied a school lunch because of the fact that she couldn’t afford to pay her lunch bill, the 9-year-old boy was shocked. “He was like, ‘I don’t understand why that happened. Why would that happen to a 5-year-old?’” his mother, Kylie Kirkpatrick, said. “It really touched him and he wanted to do something so that such things wouldn’t happen to his friends. We talked about what we could do to make a difference locally.” Finally, Ryan decided to pay off the lunch debt for his third-grade classmates at his own school, West Park Elementary School in Napa, California. Ryan and his mom found out that the district does not turn away students who can’t pay for lunch, but they still are left with a lunch debt at the end of the school year that Kirkpatrick says can be a burden for those families. Kirkpatrick says that her son usually uses his pocket money to buy sports equipment, but he was eager to help out his friends this time. On May 24, Ryan and his mother went to the school, where he donated his saved pocket money and paid off the $74.80 lunch debt of his classmates. “My son really makes me proud. In reality, it doesn’t matter how old you are. What you can do matters,” says Kirkpatrick. Ryan’s generosity has gotten him lots of attention on social media, with praise coming in from people around the world. Meanwhile, the story also has people asking why there is school lunch debt in the first place, and many people are calling for changes in school lunch programs. “School lunch debt should not exist in the US, the wealthiest country in the history of the world. It’s just incredible,” says Kamala Harris. “No child should ever go hungry.” Many are saying that Ryan shouldn’t have had to pay the lunch debt at first. Kirkpatrick recognizes the problem that Ryan’s story has brought to light, but she also wants to emphasize the power that one child’s kind deed has had in bringing attention to a nationwide problem. She says she sees it as an important teachable moment for her children. “I teach my kids that when you see something that needs to be improved on and somebody’s voice isn’t being heard, then you get loud for them.” 1. What is Kylie Kirkpatrick’s attitude towards what her son did? A. Curious.　　　　　　　　B. Supportive. C. Doubtful.　　　　　　　 D. Unconcerned. 答案：B 解析：观点态度题。根据文中Kylie Kirkpatrick所说的话或发表的观点，比如第二段的最后一句“We talked about what we could do to make a difference locally.”，倒数第二段的倒数第二句“...she also wants to emphasize the power that one child’s kind deed has had in bringing attention to a nationwide problem.”，以及最后一段内容“I teach my kids that when you see something that needs to be improved on and somebody’s voice isn’t being heard, then you get loud for them.”可知，Kylie Kirkpatrick应该是非常支持儿子的做法，故选B项。 2. What can we infer from Kamala Harris’ words? A. The United States is actually short of food. B. There are few children going hungry in the US. C. The school lunch programs need to be improved. D. The wealthiest country should not go hungry. 答案：C 解析：细节推断题。分析文章第八段前后内容可知，第七段结尾处提出“many people are calling for changes in school lunch programs（很多人正在呼吁改革学校午餐体制）”，而第八段紧跟第七段内容阐述Kamala Harris的看法，她认为像美国这样富有的国家不应该存在学校午餐债务这种问题，任何孩子都不应该挨饿，这恰恰是“呼吁改革午餐体制”的一个例子，故选C项。 3. Which of the following can best describe Ryan Kyote? A. Honest and determined. B. Ambitious and talented. C. Responsible and patient. D. Warm-hearted and generous. 答案：D 解析：综合细节推断题。通读全文可知，印第安纳州一名5岁女孩因无力支付午餐费用，学校拒绝向其提供午餐，这件事深深触动了9岁的Ryan，他决定采取行动帮助有同样遭遇的朋友。他用省下来的零用钱还清了同学们欠下的74.80美元的午餐债务。由此可知，Ryan是个热心肠（warm-hearted）且慷慨大方（generous）的男孩，故选D项。 （本组题普查观点态度题、细节推断题和综合细节推断题的解题方法） Passage 2 It’s a Saturday night. The kids are asleep and we have no plans. Before we fall into our routine and watch a movie, I try to talk my husband into playing a card game. Unconvinced, he continues tapping away on his phone. But just before disappearing into the social media rabbit hole, he has an idea. He looks over me and suggests, “Why don’t we try calling one of our friends?” I look at him with raised brows, as if his suggestion is somewhat ridiculous and perhaps even socially unacceptable. You can’t just call someone out of the blue now... right? But then I think again and realize at one point in time, in the not so distant past, this was the norm. My early teenage years saw me connecting with friends through a phone. We could chat for hours about the latest gossip and news, sometimes while I hid under my blanket in order to avoid the chances of being caught by my parents. I could even memorize the phone numbers of loved ones then. I guess these days, they would be on my “Favorites” list in my smartphone. Today, many of my “favorite” people are followed from a distance through social media, and even they very rarely—if ever—would get an actual call from me. The birth announcement by my oldest friend is received through scrolling the past pictures. The news of a divorce from a couple arrives after a photo of a woman led me on a search for more gossip. Bits of such information may have been a part of my digital feed for years. The idea of actually picking up the phone to reconnect with a long-lost friend is a frightening one—even seeing the name of an old friend pop up in an incoming call can feel a little afraid. I ask my husband, “Who would we call?” After tossing around a few names, we agree on some potential candidates—people whose lives have taken them in different directions, but with whom we still share deep friendships. 4. In the following days, the couple may _________. A. share more of their private information with others B. contact more long-lost friends through social media C. have more personal communication with their friends D. add more friends’ names to the contact lists in their phones 答案：C 解析：预测推断题。丈夫提议给朋友打电话，作者思考后同意。根据最后一段“After tossing around a few names, we agree on some potential candidates—people whose lives have taken them in different directions, but with whom we still share deep friendships.”可知，在翻看了几个名字之后，作者夫妇就一些可能的候选人达成了一致——这些人的生活将他们引向不同的方向，但作者夫妇仍然和他们有着深厚的友谊。由此推知，找到人选后，作者夫妇会和这些朋友联系，进行更多的私人交流，故选C项。 5. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To tell us about one of the author’s unforgettable experiences. B. To remind us to turn to phones to keep in touch with friends. C. To argue for the need of the contact of long-lost old friends. D. To persuade us to follow our friends through the social media. 答案：B 解析：写作意图推断题。通读文章可知，作者描述了智能手机时代的普遍现象：和朋友们的电话交流少了，一想到拿起电话与久无音信的朋友重新取得联系，就会感到害怕。即使在来电时看到老朋友的名字突然出现，也会感到有点害怕。于是作者和丈夫决定给一些老朋友打电话，进行更多的交流。由此推断，通过这篇文章，作者提醒我们要用手机和朋友多联系，故选B项。 （本组题普查预测推断题和写作意图推断题的解题方法） Passage 3 Why do we need sleep? Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day. Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning—cleaning out harmful waste materials. As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had coloured dye（染料）injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. The brain expert says our brains perform two very different jobs. It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing—working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. “When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. But when we are asleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake.” The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins（毒素）, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. They also found that during sleep, the brain cells shrink, or become smaller. This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively. Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver（肝脏）. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.” Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. She says the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health and fighting disease. The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological（神经系统的）disorders. 6. What can be inferred from this passage? A. Our brain disorders are caused by lack of sleep. B. The research may bring little benefit to human beings. C. It’s uncertain whether mice and human brains work alike. D. The research has been used to help fight neurological disorders. 答案：C 解析：综合细节推断题。根据第二段中的“As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help... They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake.”可知，这些研究人员借助白鼠来进行实验……他们分别观察了白鼠睡觉时和清醒时的大脑活动情况；又根据第五段第一句“Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains.”可知，实验的下一步是探究人脑中的这种处理过程。由此推断，人类的大脑与白鼠的大脑运行方式是否相同还不确定。因为无法确定人类的大脑与白鼠的大脑运行方式是否相同，所以才开展进一步的实验，故选C项。 7. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A life magazine. B. A science magazine. C. A fashion magazine. D. A technology magazine. 答案：B 解析：文章出处推断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了科学研究发现，在人们熟睡时，大脑可能正忙着清理有害物质，并针对此研究发现展开了一系列实验，属于科学研究报告。由此推断，文章最有可能出自科学杂志，故选B项。 （本组题普查综合细节推断题和文章出处推断题的解题方法） （三）画线单词、短语、句意猜测题 Passage 1 Most migratory birds spend their winters in one habitat, and then fly to a new area in the springtime to breed. They’ll raise one or more broods（窝）of young there. Then, when fall comes, they begin the trip back to their wintering grounds. But a new study suggests the phainopepla, a black bird, may have a different strategy. “They might be itinerant breeders. So they breed once in one area, then they migrate, they go somewhere else and they breed a second time in that new area,” says Daniel Baldassarre, an evolutionary biologist from the State University of New York. For the phainopepla, that means nesting in the desert southwest during the springtime, before flying to the oak woodlands of the California coast for the summer. Baldassarre says birdwatchers have long suspected that phainopeplas are itinerant breeders. One hint that the same birds might be breeding in two different habitats was their vocal（发声的）behavior. The pointy-headed songbirds are talented mimics（善于模仿者）, often copying the vocalizations of other bird species. “If you look at desert birds, they actually can mimic some species that you don’t find in the desert, bird species that you would only find out in these woodland habitats.” And the reverse is also true—phainopeplas in woodland habitats will mimic species that are only found in the desert. But to confirm that individual phainopeplas really do spend the breeding season in two different places, Baldassarre and his team outfitted（配备）the birds with tiny GPS transmitters and tracked their movements. “They all left those desert breeding habitats, migrated out to these coastal woodland habitats and stayed in a small kind of territory for basically the duration of summer when we know that phainopeplas are breeding in these woodland areas.” The researchers also found that both populations were very similar genetically, suggesting that they’re all members of the same gene pool. Baldassarre says itinerant breeding has only been documented in two other bird species to date and is most likely an adaptation to unpredictable sources of food. “That food supply disappears and so the birds literally have to physically move to follow the food.” Such behavioral flexibility seems to be unusual, Baldassarre notes. Phainopeplas could thus be especially flexible in the face of climate change—a challenge other species may not be able to meet. 1. What does the underlined word “itinerant” in the second paragraph most probably mean? A. Moving.　　　　　　　　 B. Running. C. Welcoming.　　　　　　 　　　　　D. Rising. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词后句中表因果关系的连词so可知，画线单词所在句与其后句为因果关系，分析画线单词所在句后句“So they breed once in one area, then they migrate, they go somewhere else and they breed a second time in that new area.”可知，phainopepla这种鸟类先在一个地方繁殖，然后迁移到另一个地方再繁殖第二次。由此推断，画线单词所在句表示“这种鸟类可能是流动的繁殖者”，画线单词意为“流动的”。moving意为“移动的，运动的”，与之意思相近，故选A项。 （本题普查根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义的解题方法） Passage 2 Valentine’s Day（情人节）was the time my father chose to show his love for the special people in his life. Over the years I fondly（深情地）thought of him as my “Valentine Man.” My first recollection of the magic he could bring to Valentine’s Day came when I was six. That morning at the breakfast table I found a card and a gift-wrapped package at my chair. The card was signed “Love, Dad”, and the gift was a ring with a small piece of red glass to represent my birthstone, a ruby. There is little difference between red glass and rubies to a child of six, and I remember wearing that ring with pride that all the cards in the world could not compare. As I grew older, the gifts gave way to heart-shaped boxes filled with my favorite chocolates and always included a special card signed “Love, Dad”. In those years my “thank-you” became more of a perfunctory response. The cards seemed less important, and I took it for granted that the valentine would always be there. Long past the days of having a “mailbox” on my desk, I had placed my hopes and dreams in receiving cards and gifts from “significant others”, and “Love, Dad” just didn’t seem quite enough. My mailbox eventually had a rural address. Never in ten years was my father’s package late—nor was it on the Valentine’s Day eight years ago when I reached into the mailbox to find a card addressed to me in my mother’s handwriting. It was the kind of card that comes in an inexpensive box sold by a child going door-to-door to try to earn money for a school project. It was the kind of card that put tears in your eyes because you knew the person no longer was able to go out and buy a real valentine’s gift. The card had a photograph of tulips（郁金香）on the outside, and on the inside my mother had printed “Happy Valentine’s Day”. Beneath it, scrawled（潦草地写）in barely legible handwriting, was “Love, Dad”. His final card remains on my bulletin board today. It’s a reminder of how special fathers can be and how important it had been to me over the years to know that I had a father who continued a tradition of love with a generosity of spirit, simple acts of understanding and an ability to express happiness over the people in his life. Those things never die, nor does the memory of a man who never stopped being my valentine. 2. The underlined word “perfunctory” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. casual　　 　　　 B. thoughtful C. optional　　　　　　 D. positive 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句的语境和第三段第三句“The cards seemed less important, and I took it for granted that the valentine would always be there.”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者已经习惯了父亲给她的情人节礼物，因此觉得父亲的礼物似乎没有以前那么重要了。由此可推测，画线单词所在句表示“作者说谢谢时更多的是敷衍的回答”，casual意为“漫不经心的，不在乎的”，与画线单词意义相同，故选A项。 （本题普查根据上下文语境猜测词义的解题方法） Passage 3 Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms（算法）carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change. Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence（AGI）. In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.” Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine... that can far surpass all the intellectual（智力的）activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.” Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced（强化）by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and The Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression（敌对行为）. Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else. The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever. 3. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily. C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere. 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后面所举的例子“For example, algorithms carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another.（例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我们的智能手机正在将一种语言翻译成另一种语言。）”可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，画线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即画线词与D选项“Present everywhere.（到处都存在。）”意思接近，故选D项。 （本题普查根据举例关系猜测词义的解题方法） Passage 4 I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: “Moby Dick” on a three-day cross-country train trip; “The Magic Mountain” in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting “The Man Without Qualities” on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes（册）, then decided that I’d got the point and went swimming instead. But this summer I find myself at a loss. I’m not quite interested in Balzac, say, or　“Tristram Shandy.” There’s always “War and Peace,” which I’ve covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the “War” part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone’s name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite—once more into “The Waves” or “Justine,” which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature. And then there’s Stendhal’s “The Red and the Black,” which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail（鸡尾酒）of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and Back Forty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea. Cecconi’s theory: “I take whatever’s fresh at the greenmarket and turn it into liquid.” The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids... 4. What do the underlined words “get bogged down” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Get confused. B. Be carried away. C. Be interrupted. D. Make no progress. 答案：D 解析：短语猜测题。 根据下文的“set it aside”以及“start over from the beginning again”可知，作者在几次读《战争与和平》这本书时，都只看到了“战争”这一部分，然后就搁置一旁，之后再从头开始读。由此可知，作者读到“战争”这一部分后就毫无进展了，故选D项。 （本题普查根据上下文语境猜测短语的解题方法） Passage 5 A team of archaeologists has uncovered what they believe was the most dangerous place in the history of the Earth—the Sahara Desert. The team of fossil hunters said that 100 million years ago the Sahara Desert was home to a large number of fierce predators（掠食者）, including predatory dinosaurs and crocodile-like creatures—rather like the beasts from Jurassic Park. Their claim is based on the discovery of a large collection of fossils found deep in the Sahara. Fossils that have been uncovered include three of the largest predatory dinosaurs ever known, as well as several crocodile-like hunters. “About 100 million years ago, the Sahara Desert was home to a vast river system, filled with many different species of large-sized animals,” said Dr. Nizar Ibrahim, a researcher at the University of Portsmouth. “This was definitely a most inhospitable place in the history of planet Earth, a place where a human time-traveler would not last very long.” “Many of the predators were relying on an abundant supply of fish,” added Ibrahim. “This place was filled with large quantities of giant fish. The coelacanth, for example, was probably four or even five times larger than today’s coelacanth. And there is a huge freshwater saw shark called onchopristis with the most fearsome teeth, which were like sharp daggers（匕首）, but beautifully shiny.” Speaking of the discovery of the fossils, Professor David Martill, also a scientist at the University of Portsmouth, said, “This is the most comprehensive piece of work on fossil vertebrates （脊椎动物）from the Sahara in almost a century, since the famous German archaeologist Ernst Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach published his last major work in 1936. It provides a window into Africa’s age of dinosaurs.” 5. What does the underlined word “inhospitable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Crowded and noisy. B. Remote and lonely. C. Unpleasant and dangerous. D. Remote and peaceful. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。由画线词所在句中的“a place where a human time-traveler would not last very long”可知，人类穿越时空，来到这个地方，也存活不了多久。由此推断，一亿年前的撒哈拉沙漠地区是极度不适合人类居住的地方，是令人不舒服、危险的地方，故选C项。 （本题普查根据下定义或构词法猜测词义的解题方法） Passage 6 Do you love to sing out loud at the top of your lungs to your favorite song? Who doesn’t, right? Music can move the soul, so it’s no wonder that people love to sing out when their favorite tune comes on. But do you sing out loud at the top of your lungs to your favorite song in front of your friends? Or do you think you’re brave enough to sing in front of your friends or an audience of strangers? Believe it or not, singing along to your favorite songs in front of friends and strangers has become a very popular pastime. What are we talking about? Karaoke, of course! Popular legend has it that karaoke got its start over two decades ago in Kobe, Japan. No one knows its origins for certain, but many people believe karaoke began when a snack bar owner had trouble with a local musician who regularly failed to show up to play music for guests. The snack bar owner supposedly created tapes of popular music without the vocals and would play them any time the musician failed to show up. Customers began to sing the vocals to their favorite music tracks and a new form of entertainment was born. Karaoke is a Japanese word that comes from the combination of the words for “empty” and “orchestra.” “Empty orchestra” accurately describes karaoke, which consists of music-only tracks played while people sing the vocals to the music while following the lyrics displayed on a screen. Karaoke quickly became popular throughout Japan. It didn’t stay a Japanese phenomenon for long, though. Today, karaoke is popular all over the world. Karaoke machines allow people to pretend to be pop stars at home, at parties, or even in public restaurants! While karaoke can be very entertaining to participate in and especially to watch, it can also be educational. Japanese karaoke enthusiasts sing not only Japanese songs, but also popular western songs. By doing so, they have fun while also practicing their English skills! If you’ve never tried karaoke, you should! It can be so much fun. And it doesn’t matter whether you can sing well or not. The fun comes from enjoying the company of friends while doing something outside your comfort zone. In a normal karaoke atmosphere, no one worries about how well you sing. Most people just appreciate that you give it a try! 6. What does the writer mean by saying “It didn’t stay a Japanese phenomenon for long”? A. Karaoke became popular outside Japan soon. B. Japanese people didn’t like karaoke any longer. C. Great changes took place in the Japanese society. D. More and more Japanese people came to like karaoke. 答案：A 解析：句意猜测题。画线句前一句说，卡拉OK很快风靡日本，而画线句中though表示转折意义。再结合画线句子后一句“Today, karaoke is popular all over the world.（现在，卡拉OK风靡全世界。）”可以推知，作者表达的意思是，卡拉OK很快走出日本在世界其他国家也流行起来，故选A项。 （本题普查根据上下文逻辑关系猜测句意的解题方法） （四）代词指代题 Passage 1 The amount of plastic waste flowing into the ocean could triple in 20 years unless businesses and governments act to reduce plastic production. That warning comes from a new study that appeared recently in the publication Science. The study was carried out by scientists and industry experts for The Pew Charitable Trusts and SYSTEMIQ, an advising business. The study, called “Breaking the Plastic Wave,” identified measures that could reduce plastic pollution that gets into the ocean by 80 percent. If no action is taken, however, the amount of plastic going into the sea every year will rise from 11 million metric tons（公吨）to 29 million metric tons by 2040, the study said. “Plastic pollution is something that affects everyone. It’s not a ‘your problem and not my problem’. It’s not one country’s problem. It’s everyone’s problem,” said Winnie Lau. She is a senior official at Pew and one of the lead writers of the study. “It’s going to get worse if we don’t do anything,” she added. The report suggests redirecting hundreds of billions of dollars in plastic production investment into alternative materials. The report also calls for recycling centers and waste collection expansion in developing countries. Such action would require a sharp change in how the energy industry does things. The industry has been building new chemical plants around the world to increase plastic output. This is happening as the industry’s traditional fuel business has decreased because of a rise in cleaner energy sources. The amount of plastic manufactured each year has been climbing since 1950 when 2 million metric tons were produced. By 2017, that number had risen to 348 million metric tons. The study recommends that governments put in place laws to discourage new plastic production and provide more financial support for reusable alternatives. 1. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A. The increase of plastic output. B. Action taken to reduce plastic pollution. C. The building of new chemical plants around the world. D. A sharp change in how the energy industry does things. 答案：C 解析：代词指代题。画线单词This所在段大意：这类行动要求能源行业的运作方式做出重大调整。该行业一直在世界各地新建化工厂，以增加塑料产量。这发生在清洁能源的崛起导致该行业的传统燃料业务不断减少之际。也就是说，画线单词This指代的是前一句提到的“在世界各地新建化工厂（the building of new chemical plants around the world）”这件事。故选C项。 （本题普查指示代词指代的解题方法） Passage 2 As the school year ends in the United States, educators have been trying to get large numbers of students moving forward in their studies again. The concern is that students who were behind on their schoolwork before the COVID-19 outbreak will drop back even further when classes re-start in the fall. One of those educators is Tayarisha Batchelor, principal（校长）of Rowson Elementary School in Hartford, Connecticut. She recently visited students at their homes. Jamie Lee is a third grader at Rowson. Batchelor held her arms out as if she were giving him a big hug when she visited his home. She told him how much she had missed him since the school was closed. The boy’s eyes stayed on his smartphone as they spoke. Batchelor asked him what he was doing. Playing video games was his answer. She then suggested he spend more time on his daily schoolwork. “I want to make sure you are still learning,” she said. Almost one-third of Batchelor’s students have not participated in the school’s online learning program. Batchelor said she discovered many reasons for it as she visited homes. Internet connections failed; parents were unable to supervise（监督）their children’s studying; students did not know how to use technology and more. Schools across the United States have similar concerns. Some report that they have students who have not been heard from at all since the start of school closures in March. At Clark County schools in Nevada, about 12,000 students missed online classes in mid-April. Officials took action to get these children back to their studies. Even so, about 4,500 students remained uninvolved at the end of the year. The head of the Clark County school system, Jesus Jara, said some students did not have computers and others had gotten jobs. Batchelor said the education effects of the widespread school closures will not be clear until educators see students’ work in the fall. Nationally, research has suggested the shutdowns could cost students about a full year of learning. 2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Students falling behind in their schoolwork. B. Students being absent from online learning program. C. The urgent need to get the children back to their studies. D. Many schools being closed during the COVID-19 outbreak. 答案：B 解析：代词指代题。画线单词it所在段大意：Batchelor的学生中有近三分之一的人没有参加学校的在线学习项目。Batchelor说，她到学生家中探访时发现了导致这种情况的很多原因。网络无法连接，父母无法监督孩子的学习，学生不懂如何操作等等。也就是说，画线单词it指代的是前一句提到的“Almost one-third of Batchelor’s students have not participated in the school’s online learning program.（Batchelor的学生中有近三分之一的人没有参加学校的在线学习项目。）”这件事。故选B项。 （本题普查人称代词指代的解题方法） （五）主旨大意题 Passage 1 For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The author’s intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn’t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared—something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 1. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science 答案：C 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.”（Smith说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。）可知，本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把手工技巧同科学理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就，故选C项。 （本题普查标题归纳题的解题方法） Passage 2 A group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from moisture（水汽）in the air. The method, known as aeroponics（气栽法）, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. The roots take in a nutrient solution from a watery mist. Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular. The technique could make a big difference in places like the city of Abeokuta. Violence and desertification—the process by which fertile land becomes desert—have made huge amounts of land unfarmable. Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria’s smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago in Abeokuta. “We are on a campaign to end seasonal food shortage in Nigeria,” said Ogbole. “Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires—we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It means that you can plant anytime of the year, that we can harvest anytime of the year,” said Ogbole. But setting up the aeroponic farm is by no means easy. It requires financing of more than $180,000, Ogbole said. Also, some people in Abeokuta are very much against this non-traditional method of farming. “They call us wizards, saying that we are doing something unnatural,” said Ogbole. He added that it would take a lot of effort to change people’s minds about aeroponics. In Nigeria, about 30 million hectares（公顷）of farmland are being used, instead of the 78.5 million hectares required for food security. In the north, the farmland is being lost and only 49 percent of the land is fertile, a situation that worries traditional farmers. Aeroponics, however, does not require traditional farm work or much land. Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system, greatly increasing productivity. The agricultural industry accounts for about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy. The government wants to greatly expand this percentage. For now, most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They also need access to high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward. 2. What is the passage mainly about? A. A new method of growing crops. B. Ways to turn deserts into rich land. C. Techniques for developing high-quality seeds. D. The importance of fighting against worldwide hunger. 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕首段中心句“A group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from moisture in the air.”讲述了尼日利亚的一群农民正在使用一种科技化的植物栽培方法——气雾栽培法，利用空气中的水分种植作物。由此推断，这篇文章主要是介绍一种新的耕作方法（a new method of growing crops），故选A项。 （本题普查文章主旨题的解题方法） Passage 3 Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation（炎症）and boost blood flow, explained scientists. Lead author Dr. Chayakrit Krittanawong said, “Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336,289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery（冠状动脉）disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week. Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. But evidence is growing that its reputation as a “guilty pleasure” is wrong. Dr. Krittanawong said, “Chocolate contains heart healthy nutrients such as flavonoids, methylxanthines, polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.” Known medically as HDL（high-density lipoprotein）（高密度脂蛋白）, it helps to rid LDL （low-density lipoprotein）out of the body. When this collects it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr. Krittanawong said, “In the past, clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.” Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr. Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate is more beneficial—or if there is an ideal portion size. He said, “Chocolate appears promising for prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.” While it’s not clear how much is perfect, Dr. Krittanawong warned against overeating. He said, “Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect the coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.” 3. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The result of the study. B. The process of the study. C. The participants of the study. D. The intention of the study. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容特别是段中“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.”和最后两句可知，本段主要是介绍由Krittanawong博士领导的新的研究结果，故选A项。 （本题普查段落大意题的解题方法） 二、七选五 　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Passage 1 If you’re a motivated person, it’s easy to put your personal goals ahead of those of the people around you. It’s natural and not necessarily a bad thing. However, it is extremely important to learn to be a team player. Acting as a part of a team helps to build character, teach empathy（共鸣）, and eventually achieve goals. 1._________ Here’s why: 1. 答案：C 解析：空格后句“Here’s why”承上启下，那么空格句应该是阐述一种结论，且语意应承接上一句所讲的团队合作的益处。C项“反过来，这些因素也有助于你个人的成功”符合此处语境，故选C项。 Group effort is more effective than individual effort. You can run a small business pretty independently, but if you ever plan to be employed or run a business that employs others, you’ll have to learn how to work with other people. 2. _________ 2. 答案：G 解析：第三段首句提到，团队合作比单打独斗更有效，即做事情必须要学会与他人合作。全段围绕单打独斗与团队合作的关系展开，G项“最为显著的成就都是通过团队合作取得的，而不是靠单打独斗”符合段落主题，故选G项。 Improving others is equal to improving yourself. If you’re in a team, your personal success helps make you a good team player. This is because most people are at least a little bit competitive, whether they admit it or not. When you do well, you set a standard that others will want to meet. By pushing yourself, you help push the people in your team. 3._________ When you see someone you’re working with does something better than you, more often than not, you’ll push yourself to meet that standard. 3. 答案：A 解析：空格前句提到，通过鞭策自己，你会促使团队中的其他人进步；空格后句说明，团队中比你优秀的人也会促使你去达到更高的标准。也就是说，团队合作带来的好处是双向（both ways）的，故选A项。 Your attitude matters. 4. _________ People respect the ability to work well with others more than anything. If you’re unwilling to do something to help your team, your contribution will be less appreciated. Having a true interest in your team helps you as well as those you’re working with. 4. 答案：D 解析：本段主题句为“Your attitude matters.”，强调态度的重要性，D项“你应该成为那种愿意参与团队合作的人”，即说的是态度，符合段落主题，故选D项。 5. _________ As much as your work is important and necessary to the success of your team, the success of your team is also important and necessary to your success. 5. 答案：F 解析：本空位于该段首句，结合其他段落结构，此处应为本段主题句。空后内容为“个人的努力对团队的成功至关重要且必不可少；而团队成功对个人的成功亦是如此”。由此可见，本段主要是讲个人成功和团队成功之间的关系，故选F项。 A. Of course, this works both ways. B. Those who show respect for others will be respected in turn. C. All of these things, in turn, contribute to your personal success. D. You should be the kind of person who wants to be a team player. E. People with team spirit try hard to make their team the best of all. F. There is a mutual effect between personal success and team achievement. G. The most impressive achievements are accomplished by groups of people, not individuals. （本组题普查方法建议类七选五的解题方法） Passage 2 Scientists say that half of the world’s sandy beaches will disappear by the end of the century if climate change continues unchecked. Researchers at the European Union’s Joint Research Center used satellite images to track the way beaches have changed over the past 30 years and simulated how global warming might affect them in the future. 6. _________ “Around half of the beaches in the world will be lost forever by 2100 due to climate change,” said Dr. Michalis Vousdoukas, who was involved in the research. 6. 答案：G 解析：空格前一句说，欧盟联合研究中心的研究人员利用卫星图像来跟踪海滩在过去30年里的变化，并模拟全球变暖在未来可能会如何影响海滩。由此推断，空格句说的应该是关于这项研究所得出的结论。分析选项，G项意为“他们警告说，许多海滩受到气候变化和海平面上升带来的侵蚀的威胁”，符合语境，且与下一句研究人员所说的“Around half of the beaches in the world will be lost forever by 2100 due to climate change”在语意上衔接紧密，符合逻辑。故选G项。 The study, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, found that the extent to which beaches are at risk depends on how much average global temperatures increase by the year 2100. 　　7. _________ Consequently, more sandy beaches will disappear beneath the waves. 7. 答案：E 解析：空格前一句提到，海滩受到（消失）威胁的程度取决于到2100年全球平均气温上升了多少。由此可推知，空格处可能包含全球平均气温的上升和海滩受威胁程度的相关内容。分析选项，E项意为“气温升高的幅度越大，意味着海平面上升的高度越高，一些地区会有更多猛烈的风暴”，与前一句在意义上是顺承关系，前后句自然衔接。再结合空格后句“因此，更多的海滩将会在海浪 （由海平面上升和猛烈风暴所引起）中消失”可知，空格处与后句构成逻辑上的因果关系，衔接紧密。故选E项。 Sandy beaches make up more than one third of the world’s coastlines and are said to have high socio-economic value. 8. _________ Also, beaches provide a natural barrier that protects coastal communities from waves and storms. Unfortunately, a lot of the areas with highest risk are also ones that have a lot of people living near the shoreline. 8. 答案：A 解析：空格前一句说“海滩占世界海岸线的三分之一以上，据说具有很高的社会经济价值”；空格后一句说“此外，海滩提供了天然屏障，可保护沿海社区免受海浪和暴风雨的影响”，这是海滩具有很高的社会经济价值的一个具体例证，且根据空格后句中的Also一词可知，空格处也应填具体说明海滩的社会经济价值的某一例证。分析选项，A项意为“许多国家依靠海滩来发展旅游业”，与前后句自然衔接，符合题意。故选A项。 9. _________ Australia would be hardest-hit in terms of total beach coastline lost, with over 12,000 kilometers at risk. The United States, Canada, Mexico, China, Iran, Argentina and Chile would also lose thousands of kilometers of beaches, according to the study. 9. 答案：C 解析：空格句位于段落首句，可判断其为该段的主题句。结合空格后的内容，从海岸线损失情况的总面积来看，澳大利亚受到的影响将最为严重，预计12,000多公里的海岸线面临危险。美国、加拿大、墨西哥、中国、伊朗、阿根廷和智利也将受到明显的影响。由此可知，这一段的主题是各国海岸线受气候影响的程度不一样，因此C项“据说一些国家将比其他国家受到更大的影响”符合语境。故选C项。 The researchers said that human efforts could save some of the beaches. 10. _________ When asked what could be done to try and stop the beaches from disappearing, Vousdoukas said, “Reduce emission and manage our coastline in a more sustainable（可持续的）way.” 10. 答案：F 解析：空格前句意为“研究人员认为，人类可以通过努力拯救海滩”；空格后句讲述的是当被问及如何阻止海滩消失时，研究人员所给出的建议。由此可知，整段主要讲述人类拯救海滩方面的内容。分析剩余选项，只有F项“他们列举了人们采取措施成功拯救荷兰海岸的例子”符合本段语境，且其中的They指代上一句中的The researchers。故选F项。 A. A lot of countries rely on their beaches for tourism. B. More than one third of the beaches at risk are sandy beaches. C. It’s believed that some countries will be more affected than others. D. Many coastal areas, including beaches, are already heavily affected by human activities. E. Greater temperature increases mean higher sea levels and more violent storms in some regions. F. They gave the example of successful measures that have been put in place to save the Dutch coast. G. They warned that many sandy beaches are threatened by erosion from climate change and rising sea levels. （本组题普查介绍说明类七选五的解题方法） 三、完形填空 　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （一）记叙文 When Jim Grant spotted black smoke coming out of a building on his way to work, he 1._________ his car to call 911. Then he 2._________ a U-turn, circling back to take another look. 1. 答案：B 解析：根据上文“When Jim Grant spotted black smoke coming out of a building on his way to work”可知，Grant在上班路上看见大楼里冒出黑烟。结合生活常识可知，看见此紧急情况，Grant应该是停（stopped）车去拨打911报警，故选B项。分析其他选项，drove意为“驾驶，开车”；reached意为“到达；抵达”；abandoned意为“放弃”，均不符合语境。 2. 答案：B 解析：根据下文“circling back to take another look”可知，Grant在停车后，又绕回去看了一眼，故此处应表示“然后他（把车）掉头，绕回来再看一眼”。make a U-turn为固定搭配，意为“掉头”,故选B项。 Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames（火焰）shooting out of a second-floor window. Not seeing or hearing any fire engines 3._________ Grant rushed to a side 4._________ and ran up the stairs. 3. 答案：C 解析：根据上文“Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames shooting out of a second-floor window.”可知，火焰都已经从二楼喷出来了，可见火势汹汹；又根据下文“Grant rushed to a side and ran up the stairs.”可知，Grant跑上楼梯去救火，由此可以推测是因为消防车没来，此处approaching表示“接近”，符合题意，故选C项。分析其他选项，burning意为“燃烧”；leaving意为“离开”；waiting意为“等待”，均不符合语境。 4. 答案：A 解析：根据上文“flames shooting out of a second-floor window”和“Not seeing or hearing any fire engines ”可知，二楼窗户喷火，火势汹汹，并且消防车没来，所以空格处应表示Grant冲到着火建筑的侧门去救火，符合题意，side entrance 为固定短语，意为“侧门”,故选A项。分析其他选项，road意为“道路；马路”；building意为“建筑”；window意为“窗户”，均不符合语境。 On the second floor, he 5._________ every apartment door. “Get out!” Grant shouted. No one 6._________ and he assumed that people had already 7._________. Reaching the end of the hallway, though, Grant 8._________ a half-open door. He kicked it wide open, finding a 9._________ woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. “Let’s 10._________!” he screamed. The woman looked at him in confusion and said something about changing her clothes. Grant didn’t wait. Clutching（抓牢）the baby to his chest and 11._________ the boy alongside, Grant ran down the hallway. When he was 12._________ outside, the only 13._________ in sight was a policeman. Grant told him about the 14._________ and they rushed into the smoky building. 5. 答案：B 解析：根据下文“Grant a half-open door. He kicked it wide open”中kick的原词复现可知，空格处应表示“他踢开了公寓的每一扇门”，为了看里面是否有人，故选B项。分析其他选项，locked意为“锁上”；counted意为“数数”；repaired意为“修理”，均不符合语境。 6. 答案：C 解析：根据上文“‘Get out!’ Grant shouted.”可知，Grant踢开二层的每一扇门，大声问里面是否有人；再根据下文“Reaching the end of the hallway”可知，Grant一路走到了走廊尽头，由此可推知空格处应表示“没有人回应（responded）他”，故选C项。分析其他选项，agreed意为“同意，认同”；cared意为“在意”；understood意为“理解”，均不符合语境。 7. 答案：D 解析：根据上文Grant一路踢开所有门，大声询问但没有人回应可知，空格处应该指他猜测人们已经逃走了（escaped），故选D项。分析其他选项，arrived意为“到达”；returned意为“返回”；hidden意为“躲藏”，均不符合语境。 8. 答案：C 解析：结合下文“He kicked it wide open, finding a woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby.”可知，Grant踢开了半开的门，并在里面发现了还没有逃走的人。所以空格处应表示“他注意（noticed）到了一扇半开的门”，故选C项。分析其他选项，skipped意为“跳过”；closed意为“关上”；remembered意为“记得，记起”，均不符合语境。 9. 答案：A 解析：根据下文“The woman looked at him in confusion”可知，这位女士处于混乱之中；又结合生活常识可知，因为火灾，女人应该是害怕的（frightened），故选A项。分析其他选项，curious意为“好奇的”；patient意为“耐心的”；grateful意为“感激的”，均不符合语境。 10. 答案：C 解析：分析上文“finding a woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby”可知，Grant找到了被困人员，并且结合常识可知，找到了被困人员后，Grant应该是要带他们出去，get out意为“离开，出去”，符合语境，故选C项。分析其他选项，turn back意为“回来；折回”；go up意为“上去；上升”；lie down意为“躺下”，均不符合语境。 11. 答案：B 解析：分析语境可知，上文提到Grant要救被困人员出去，并且根据“The woman looked at him in confusion and said something about changing her clothes.”和“Grant didn’t wait.”可知，女士没有明白情况的危急，而Grant也等不及要把孩子救出去；再结合常识可知，此时应当比较慌乱，所以他应该是拖着（dragging）男孩跑出去，故选B项。分析其他选项，following意为“跟随；跟着”；examining意为“检查”；passing意为“通过”，均不符合语境。 12. 答案：A 解析：结合下文“in sight was a policeman. Grant told him about the and they rushed into the smoky building.”可知，后文中Grant遇到了警察，所以此处Grant应该是安全地（safely）到达了外面，所以才有后面的情节，故选A项。分析其他选项，secretly意为“秘密地”；suddenly意为“突然地”；previously意为“先前”，均不符合语境。 13. 答案：D 解析：结合下文“Grant told him about the and they rushed into the smoky building.”可知，Grant和警察进入火场救人，由此可知，空格处应表示“唯一能够帮忙（help）的人是一个警察”，故选D 项。分析其他选项，witness意为“目击者”；guide意为“引导，指导”；service意为“服务”，均不符合语境。 14. 答案：A 解析：结合上文可知，Grant一共发现了三个被困人员，他把婴儿和男孩救出来了，女人还没有出来，所以他告诉警察那个女人（woman）还在里面，故选A项。分析其他选项，door意为“门”；car意为“小汽车”；baby意为“婴儿”，均不符合语境。 Thanks to them, a family was saved from the fire. Grant and the policeman were honored for their 15._________. 15. 答案：D 解析：结合上文“they rushed into the smoky building”可知，警察和Grant不顾危险，冲进大火里救了这一家人，这是非常有勇气的，所以他们因他们的勇气而受到表彰，courage意为“勇气；胆量”，符合文章主题，故选D项。分析其他选项，wisdom意为“智慧”；generosity意为“慷慨，大方”；honesty意为“诚实”，均不符合语境。 1. A. drove B. stopped C. reached D. abandoned 2. A. saw B. made C. missed D. crossed 3. A. burning B. leaving C. approaching D. waiting 4. A. entrance B. road C. building D. window 5. A. locked B. kicked C. counted D. repaired 6. A. agreed B. cared C. responded D. understood 7. A. arrived B. returned C. hidden D. escaped 8. A. skipped B. closed C. noticed D. remembered 9. A. frightened B. curious C. patient D. grateful 10. A. turn back B. go up C. get out D. lie down 11. A. following B. dragging C. examining D. passing 12. A. safely B. secretly C. suddenly D. previously 13. A. witness B. guide C. service D. help 14. A. woman B. door C. car D. baby 15. A. wisdom B. generosity C. honesty D. courage （本组题普查记叙文类完形填空的解题方法） （二）夹叙夹议文 My mom grew up poor. She lived her life without any 16._________ things associated with happiness. Yet, she stood as a role model of how to live a 17._________ life. Though she lived her last twenty years on Social Security and had no cash, she still 18._________ her pennies, believing she might someday 19._________ the sand of a Hawaiian beach or tour the Italian countryside. 16. 答案：C 解析：根据文章首句“My mom grew up poor.”可知，作者的母亲在成长过程中生活很贫穷，所以她应该是没有物质（material）方面能够给她带来快乐的东西，故选C项。分析其他选项，official 意为“官方的”；different意为“不同的”；natural意为“自然的”，均不符合语境。 17. 答案：B 解析：根据下文多次出现的positive可知，尽管母亲没有钱，但是她还是保持着乐观的生活态度，positive属于原词复现，故选B项。分析其他选项，simple意为“简单的”；comfortable意为“舒适的”；healthy意为“健康的”，均不符合语境。 18. 答案：D 解析：根据后文“believing she might someday the sand of a Hawaiian beach or tour the Italian countryside”可知，母亲应该是攒钱（saved）希望能够去夏威夷的海滩或者去意大利的乡村旅游，故选D项。分析其他选项，donated意为“捐赠”；carried意为“拿；携带”；exchanged意为“交换”，均不符合语境。 19. 答案：A 解析：根据常识可知，母亲应该是希望去夏威夷的海滩感受 （feel）沙滩上的沙子，故选A项。分析其他选项，sweep意为“打扫”；protect意为“保护”；transport意为“运输”，均不符合语境。 I believe we could all use a good 20._________ to help us remain optimistic in hard times. My mom 21._________ and I lost my role model, but she had shown me with 22._________ what it meant to think positive. 20. 答案：C 解析：根据上下文中的role model可知，作者认为人们在生活中需要有榜样（example）来引导，example与role model是同义词，属于同义词复现，故选C项。分析其他选项，chance意为“机会”；method意为“方法”；beginning意为“开始；开端”，均不符合语境。 21. 答案：B 解析：根据空格后“I lost my role model”可知，作者失去了自己的榜样，也就是说作者的母亲去世 （passed away）了，故选B项。分析其他选项，broke down意为“出故障”；showed up意为“露面”；came back意为“归来”，均不符合语境。 22. 答案：D 解析：根据第一段末句以及文章末段的“But she never stopped believing”可知，尽管母亲生活贫困，但是她一直对生活充满了希冀，对未来充满了向往，所以从这方面来说她是坚定地（with determination）向作者展示了积极思考的意义，故选D项。分析其他选项，sympathy意为“同情”；glory意为“荣誉”；care意为“关怀”，均不符合语境。 For my mom, life was all about finding beauty in the little things. She 23._________ earned more than minimum wage in her lifetime and often went without basic 24._________ being met. It might have been easy for her to become 25._________. However, she remained positive. 23. 答案：A 解析：根据上文以及空格后内容可知，母亲靠救助生活，经常连最基本的需求都得不到满足，由此可以推知她很少（rarely）挣得高于最低保障工资的收入，故选A项。分析其他选项，certainly意为“当然”；frequently意为“频繁地”；actually意为“实际上”，均不符合语境。 24. 答案：C 解析：根据文章首句可知，母亲生活贫困。结合空格前半句可知，母亲很少能挣得高于最低工资的收入，由此可知母亲的收入很难满足自己的基本需求（needs），故选C项。分析其他选项，rights意为“权利”；principles意为“原则”；conditions意为“条件”，均不符合语境。 25. 答案：A 解析：根据空格句的下一句“However, she remained positive.”可知，这里However表转折，说明母亲依然保持乐观，故可以推知前一句是想说在贫困的生活环境下人们往往容易变得愤愤不平（bitter），故选A项。分析其他选项，cautious意为“谨慎的”；demanding意为“苛求的；难满足的”；conservative意为“保守的”，均不符合语境。 Without 26._________ to go on vacations or day trips, we would put a few dollars of gas into the car and 27._________ around on Sunday afternoons. We would look and dream, 28._________ living in one of the houses we saw. 26. 答案：D 解析：根据上文内容可知，由于母亲挣钱少，所以作者一家应该是没有钱（money）去外出度假，故选D项。分析其他选项，time意为“时间”；desire意为“欲望”；approval意为“批准”，均不符合语境。 27. 答案：B 解析：根据空格前的“we would put a few dollars of gas into the car”可知，作者一家会在周日下午花一小笔钱给车加点汽油，开车（drive）到处逛逛，故选B项。分析其他选项，walk意为“步行，散步”；sail意为“航行”；turn意为“转向；转动”，均不符合语境。 28. 答案：C 解析：根据空格前的dream（梦想着）以及语境可知，作者一家因为没有钱，所以会坐在车里看路过的房子，想象（imagining）自己住在里面，故选C项。分析其他选项，trying意为“尝试”；considering意为“考虑”；enjoying意为“享受”，均不符合语境。 However, she never lived in her dream house. She never 29._________ it to Italy or Hawaii. But she never stopped believing, and that 30._________ of positive thinking was the greatest gift she gave me. 29. 答案：D 解析：根据空格前一句“However, she never lived in her dream house.”可知，这里与上一段最后的“作者一家会想象自己住在路过的房子里”的情形形成对比，母亲没能住上梦想的房子，也没有实现上文提到的去夏威夷或者意大利旅游的愿望。make it为固定搭配，意为“成功做到”，符合语境，故选D项。 30. 答案：B 解析：从文章的主旨内容可知，作者的母亲虽然很贫穷，但是她一直坚定信念并保持乐观，所以作者应该是在讲述母亲曾经积极的生活态度（attitude）给自己带来的影响。故选B项。分析其他选项，importance意为“重要性”；suggestion意为“建议”；possibility意为“可能性”，均不符合语境。 16. A. official B. different C. material D. natural 17. A. simple B. positive C. comfortable D. healthy 18. A. donated B. carried C. exchanged D. saved 19. A. feel B. sweep C. protect D. transport 20. A. chance B. method C. example D. beginning 21. A. broke down B. passed away C. showed up D. came back 22. A. sympathy B. glory C. care D. determination 23. A. rarely B. certainly C. frequently D. actually 24. A. rights B. principles C. needs D. conditions 25. A. bitter B. cautious　 C. demanding D. conservative 26. A. time B. desire C. approval D. money 27. A. walk B. drive C. sail D. turn 28. A. trying B. considering C. imagining D. enjoying 29. A. liked B. appreciated C. helped D. made 30. A. importance B. attitude C. suggestion D. possibility （本组题普查夹叙夹议类完形填空的解题方法） 四、语法填空 　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 China is now faced with an increasingly serious problem of electronic waste, or e-waste. Settling this matter is not an easy job. At present, one of the most common ways 1._________（deal）with broken computer parts is to bury them. However, it may be hundreds of years 2._________ they are really gone in the earth. 1. 答案：to deal 解析：考查非谓语动词。the way to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“做某事的方法”，故填to deal。句意：现在，处理破损电脑零件的一种最常见的方法是将它们掩埋在地下。 2. 答案：before 解析：考查连词。根据前后句的语意及逻辑关系可知，此处要表达“还得过多久才……”，故填before。句意：然而，有可能还得几百年之后，它们才能真正地在土壤中被分解。 Many places in China 3. _________（pollute）by e-waste so far. Guiyu in Guangdong Province is one of them. The town has to dismantle（拆解）about 1,500 million kilograms of e-waste each year, 4. _________（make）it “the e-waste capital of the world”. Many of the poisons in e-waste find 5. _________（they）ways into the environment. Plastic is burned outdoors and 6. _________（chemistry）water is poured into rivers. Greenpeace, an environmental group, has found the air, the earth and the rivers in Guiyu 7. _________（severe）polluted. 3. 答案：have been polluted 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。主语Many places是谓语动词pollute的承受者，二者之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态；由时间状语so far可知，此处需用现在完成时，故填have been polluted。句意：到现在为止，中国已经有很多地方被电子垃圾污染了。 4. 答案：making 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处需填非谓语动词；make的逻辑主语为前面的整个句子，并且make与逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，故填making，此处为现在分词短语作结果状语。句意：该镇每年要拆解大约150万吨的电子废弃物，使其成了“世界电子垃圾之都”。 5. 答案：their 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处需填形容词性物主代词their修饰名词ways，表示“找到它们进入环境的渠道”，即渗透到环境中，故填their。句意：电子垃圾中的很多有毒成分会污染环境。 6. 答案：chemical 解析：考查词性转换。所填词修饰名词water，故应填chemistry的形容词形式chemical。句意：塑料在室外被焚烧，化学污水被倒入河中。 7. 答案：severely 解析：考查词性转换。所填词修饰动词pollute的过去分词polluted，故应填severe的副词形式severely。句意：“绿色和平”这个环保组织发现贵屿镇的空气、土壤及河流都受到了严重污染。 Our country has put forward many methods to develop economy, but economic growth should be achieved in a way 8. _________ doesn’t do harm to the environment or people’s life. The government has passed an environmental protection law, the 9. _________（strict）one we have ever had. Computer companies like Lenovo and Dell will be asked to take back their old computers. This is because the computer-making companies know 10. _________ to deal with them safely. Hopefully, the problem of e-waste will be solved in the near future. 8. 答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处及其后部分为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词way；从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that或which。句意：我们国家提出了很多方法来发展经济，但是经济增长应该以一种不破坏环境、不对人民生活造成伤害的方式来实现。 9. 答案：strictest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据空格后的we have ever had可知，这里表示“有史以来的”，为三者及三者以上的比较，故填strict的最高级形式strictest。句意：政府已经通过了一项史上最严的环境保护法。 10. 答案：how 解析：考查特殊疑问词。此处为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，作know的宾语，同时根据语境可知，政府让公司召回废旧电脑，因为“电脑制造商知道如何安全地处理它们”，故填how。句意：这是因为这些电脑制造商知道如何安全地处理它们。 （本组题普查语法填空的解题方法） Passage 2 In a world where we are taught to adore instant satisfaction, most people just don’t spend time planning. The rapid pace of technology has resulted 11. _________ unrealistic desires of overnight Internet success stories, and this is where a lot of us go wrong． 11. 答案：in 解析：考查介词。result in为固定搭配，意为“导致”，故填in。句意：科技的迅猛发展导致人们对网络上一夜之间成功的故事抱有不切实际的欲望，这就是我们很多人出差错的地方。 12. _________ can be easy to look at successful businesses and feel they were 13. _________（luck）overnight, but I can assure you this is not the case. Let’s take Starbucks as 14. _________ example: They had only 5 stores the first 13 years they were in business, and it was only after this 13-year period 15. _________ they extended to as many as 16,000 stores. From the outside world, it may have looked like they “made it overnight”, but they 16. _________（put）in 13 long years of hard work before they eventually achieved success． 12. 答案：It 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，真正的主语是不定式短语to look at successful businesses and feel...，由于主语过长，为使句子结构保持平衡，故用it作句子的形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面，故填It。 13. 答案：lucky 解析：考查词性转换。空格前为系动词were，因此空格处应填形容词作表语，故填lucky。句意：当我们看到成功的企业时，很容易就会认为他们不过是天上掉馅饼罢了，但我可以向你保证，事实并非如此。 14. 答案：an 解析：考查冠词。take sth. as an example为固定搭配，意为“以某事为例”，故填an。 15. 答案：that 解析：考查强调句型。结合语境和句子结构可知，本句为强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+ that +其他部分”，被强调的部分是only after this 13-year period，故填that。句意：让我们以星巴克为例：其门店在开业的前13年只有5家，13年后才拓展到多达16 000家。 16. 答案：（had）put 解析：考查动词的时态。“星巴克获得成功”为过去发生的事件，“付出努力”在此之前发生，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故填had put；“付出努力”也可以理解为过去发生的事，故填put。句意：在外界看来，他们好像一夜之间就成功了，但是他们投入了长达13年的艰苦努力才最终获得了成功。 The 17. _________（true）is that there are no overnight success stories. There is only long-term planning and lots of hard work! If you want to succeed, you have to commit to it, this 18. _________（involve）planning for the next few years. 17. 答案：truth 解析：考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，空格处应填名词作主语，故填truth。句意：事实上，没有什么一夜成功的故事。 18. 答案：involving 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应为独立主格结构。逻辑主语this与所给提示动词为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填involving。句意：如果你想成功，你就得全身心投入，这包括你要为未来几年制定计划。 19. _________（prove）this theory, I’ve come into contact with some successful businessmen, who set 100-year plans. Most of us can barely put together a plan for the week ahead, 20. _________ they are busy planning the next century! 19. 答案：To prove 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知，此处是用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”，故填To prove。注意首字母大写。句意：为了证实这一理论，我接触了一些成功的商人，他们通常制定长达一百年的计划。 20. 答案：while/but/whereas 解析：考查连词。分析语境可知，本句前后两个分句存在语意上的对比关系，故填while/but/whereas。句意：我们大部分人连提前一周的计划都制定不出来，然而他们已经忙着制定下个世纪的计划了! （本组题普查语法填空的解题方法） 五、书面表达 （一）应用文 1. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。 为了减少舌尖上的浪费，你校英语俱乐部拟举办有关“爱惜食物，从我做起”的英语演讲活动。 请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1. 食物浪费的现象及危害； 2. 你爱惜食物的做法； 3. 你的倡议。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyone. My name is Li Hua. It’s my great honor to be here and give a speech on saving food. When it comes to food, it’s high time for us to realize the challenge facing us now. First, millions of tons of cooked and served food is wasted and ends up in trash cans every year. Second, primary and secondary school students are among the top three food-wasters. At present, China is still heavily dependent on the import of certain grains, and wasting food will make our efforts to be self-sufficient in food in vain. Moreover, wasting food also means wasting resources like water, land and energy. Therefore, it will damage the environment in the long run. Having realized the severe consequences of wasting food, I’ve been doing my bit to save food. At the school cafeteria, I’ll ask for half-sized servings if I’m not hungry. When dining out in restaurants with my family or friends, I’ll propose ordering smaller portions and taking the leftovers home. At home, I’ll remind my parents to check the fridge before making shopping plans to avoid buying more food than we actually need. Saving food benefits every one of us. Let’s clear our plates today so that we can have enough for tomorrow. That’s all. Thank you for listening. （本题普查发言稿的写作方法） 2. 最近，你校学生会为了唤起师生保护动物的意识，将举办一次以“拯救濒危物种”为主题的图片展，希望广大师生能提供自己所拍摄的照片，踊跃参加此活动。请你根据以下内容写一则通知。 1. 要求：照片必须与主题相关，并附上简介； 2. 地点：学校大礼堂； 3. 时间：本周六上午9：00 ~11：00。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 NOTICE As we all know, many animals in the world are in danger of dying out. Therefore, the Students? Union will hold a picture show named “Save Endangered Species” in order to raise people’s awareness of protecting wild animals. All teachers and students can take part in the activity, which may help save the endangered animals and at the same time gives full play to your photographic skills. Note that your photos must be related to the theme. Besides, you need to hand in a brief introduction, explaining the message that you hope to convey through these pictures. The collection of all works will be on show in the School Hall from 9:00 am to 11:00 am this Saturday. And all the teachers and students are welcome to attend it. Don’t miss the chance of doing your bit to help save wildlife. Students’ Union June 13th, 2020 （本题普查通知的写作方法） 3. 假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1. 写信目的； 2. 个人优势； 3. 能做的事情。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir/Madam, I am Li Hua, a student from China, who is studying in London during the summer vacation. Knowing an exhibition of Chinese paintings will be held at the gallery next month, I am writing to apply to become a volunteer. I have the following advantages. First of all, I can speak fluent English, which allows me to communicate with visitors effectively. Second, as a fan of fine art, I know a lot about Chinese paintings. If accepted, I can introduce techniques employed in such paintings to visitors to help them know more about the art form. I believe I am qualified for this position. And I would be grateful if you could give me a chance. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua （本题普查申请信的写作方法） 4. 假定你是李华，你校象棋（Chinese chess）俱乐部将举办象棋比赛。请你用英语给你的交换生朋友Leslie写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括： 1. 比赛时间和地点； 2. 参加比赛的意义； 3. 报名方式及日期。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Leslie, How is everything going? Knowing that you like playing Chinese chess, I’d like to invite you to participate in a Chinese chess match to be held in the school gym at 2:00 pm, December 15th. I believe it’ll be worth your while. To begin with, you can play chess with different opponents, which can help enhance your chess-playing skill. Besides, it is a great chance to make friends with other students. If you are interested, please sign up at the office of the Chinese chess club before December 10th. I am looking forward to your participation. Yours, Li Hua （本题普查邀请信的写作方法） 5. 假定你是李华，你正在为了高考而紧张复习，但最近你在英语学习上遇到了一些困难。请给你的英国朋友Alex写一封邮件，向他求助。内容包括： 1. 你的困难； 2. 寻求帮助。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Alex, With the college entrance examination approach-ing, I become increasingly anxious to improve my English. So I am writing to ask you for help. You know, English writing is really a big challenge for me. First of all, when I try to write things down, my mind becomes totally blank. And I have such a limited vocabulary that sometimes it seems impossible for me to make myself clear. Besides, poor grammar has become a major obstacle and therefore it’s difficult for me to write as an educated person. Facing so many difficulties, I do hope you can give me some advice on English writing. Sorry I have to bother you with this. I’d be grateful if you can do me the favor. Any suggestions will be very much appreciated. Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, Li Hua （本题普查求助或询问信的写作方法） 6. 假定你是李华，上周从外教Jackson处借得一本英文杂志，原定本周六下午归还，但你因某种原因不能按时还书。请给他写一封电子邮件说明情况，内容包括： 1. 表示歉意； 2. 说明原因； 3. 另约时间。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr. Jackson, I am writing to make an apology to you for my being unable to return the English magazine that I borrowed from you last week on time. It was originally scheduled that I would return it this Saturday afternoon, but I am sorry to tell you that I can’t return the book on time because of an English speech contest to be held at the same time. In the class-meeting yesterday, I was elected as a representative of my class to participate in it. So could I return it next Monday? I will send it to your office at 8:00 am. If it is not convenient for you, please let me know and any time is OK for me next week. Please allow me to apologize again for the inconvenience that I’ve caused you. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua （本题普查道歉信的写作方法） 7. 假定你是李华，你在暑假刚刚参加了澳大利亚游学活动，请给你在澳大利亚时的寄宿家庭James夫妇写一封信，内容包括： 1. 告知他们你已安全返京； 2. 感谢他们对你的照顾与帮助； 3. 简述你此行的收获并邀请他们来中国游玩。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr. and Mrs. James, I’m writing to tell you that I have arrived in Beijing, safe and sound. I would express my gratitude to you for everything you did for me during my stay in Australia. It was my first time to go abroad and I was very nervous at the very beginning. When I met you at the airport and saw your smiling faces, I had a feeling that everything would be fine. I really appreciated the welcome party you held for me, where I experienced a totally different culture and made some good friends. And I enjoyed the breakfast and lunch box Mrs. James prepared for me every day. What’s more, you took me to many places of interest. I will keep all these good memories forever. Thank you again for your care and help, which made me feel at home. I sincerely hope that you will come to China and that I’d have the honor to be your guide. I am looking forward to your coming. Best wishes! Yours sincerely, Li Hua （本题普查感谢信的写作方法） 8. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom来信说他想要学习汉语，希望你能提供一些建议。 请根据以下要点提示给他写一封回信。 1. 报名参加中文学习班； 2. 多说多练； 3. 多看中文节目和刊物。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, I am very glad to hear from you. As is known to all, learning Chinese is a tough job, but there is no need to worry. I will give you some advice on how to learn it well. Firstly, I think it is necessary to attend Chinese courses, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher. Also, it’s a good idea to communicate with your classmates and friends in Chinese as often as possible. The more you use the language, the better your Chinese will be. What’s more, you can listen to the recording and try to repeat what you hear. Besides, watching Chinese TV programs and reading Chinese journals are also very helpful. I hope that you can take my suggestions into account and I’m convinced that you will make great progress as long as you keep trying. Looking forward to hearing good news from you about your study! Yours, Li Hua （本题普查建议信的写作方法） （二）记叙文 假定你是李华，在上周“感恩节”这一天，你做了很多有意义的事情来感谢父母、老师和同学。 请你用英语为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文，记述这一天的经历，内容包括： 1. 给老师送花； 2. 为父母洗衣服等； 3. 给同学发送感恩电子卡片。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Thanksgiving Day is an opportunity for us to express our gratitude to all we love. I never fail to remember the last Thanksgiving Day, when I expressed my thanks to my parents, my teachers and my classmates. The first thing I did when I reached school was to give my teachers bunches of flowers to tell them how grateful I was for what they had done for me. As soon as I got home after school, I did some washing and cleaned the room for my parents, hoping the little things I did could make them feel my love for them. After that, I sent my classmates some E-cards just to tell them how much I appreciated their help and our friendship. It was indeed an unforgettable day. And what impressed me most was how happy people were when I simply showed my gratitude. Now I believe that is what Thanksgiving is all about. （本题普查记叙文的写作方法） （三）议论文 1. 假定你是高三一班的英语课代表，近期在班级里对暑假期间是否应该参加国外的修学游进行了调查，并准备在英语课的“Duty Talk”上向全班同学汇报。请根据下面的表格提示用英语写一篇文章，阐述两种不同的观点并谈谈自己的看法。 支持的理由 反对的理由 自己的观点 1. 开阔视野，丰富知识； 2. 提高英语水平。 1. 出国花费太高； 2. 了解外国不必出国。 …… 注意： 1. 词数80左右，开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。 Recently I have made a survey on whether we should go on a study tour abroad during the summer vacation. Opinions vary from person to person. The majority of people think that it will certainly do us good. However, some disagree. Those who argue that a study tour abroad is helpful insist that it will broaden our horizons and enrich our experience. And they believe that travelling in English-speaking countries can also help improve our oral English. What’s more, they consider it the best way to know the culture and customs of a country. In contrast, those who hold the opposite view claim that we don’t need to go abroad to learn about a country, which will cost quite a lot of money. As far as I’m concerned, I am for the idea of taking such a tour abroad, because I’m convinced that the best way to learn about the world is to experience it. （本题普查观点对比类议论文的写作方法） 2. 现代生活中，运动休闲已经逐渐成为时尚，骑自行车、爬山、徒步旅行等户外运动深受人们的喜爱。请你推荐一种自己喜欢的运动，并陈述推荐的理由。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 In modern life, regular aerobic exercise as a way to stay healthy is becoming a fashion. Such sports as cycling, mountain climbing and hiking are some popular choices. As far as I’m concerned, of all the sports, jogging is the best. There are a couple of reasons why I recommend jogging. First of all, it is quite convenient, which fits almost everyone regardless of age, as it can be done anywhere, in city streets, in parks, or even around your house. More importantly, it can enhance your physical conditions, because it is the kind of aerobic exercise that affects the heart, lungs, muscles and bones, helping the body make overall improvements. What’s more, it helps you relieve stress. Based on the above discussion, if you have tried all the possible ways to lose weight but failed, try jogging; if you are always in low spirits but don’t know how to get out of it, you can also try jogging. （本题普查观点论证类议论文的写作方法） （四）读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mr. Swales was talking about what people do. He also wanted to find out what his students wanted to be when they grew up. He called on Billy Mitzer first. “My daddy works in a bank,” Billy Mitzer said. “I guess I want to work in a bank too. There’s lots of money in the bank.” “My parents have a grocery store,” Emmy DiSalvo said. “Papa is behind the counter and Mama keeps the cash register（收银机）. But I want to be an airline pilot.” Jodie never liked it when Mr. Swales asked them questions like this. He was about to call on Jodie when the girls in the back row burst out laughing. Shirley Danes yelled, “Jodie’s daddy is a garbage man! Pee-yoo!” Everybody in the class laughed out loud except Jodie. She felt her face turn bright red and felt like crying. She looked around the whole classroom. Everyone was laughing. Some kids were even holding their noses. The girls in the back row were looking at her, trying to hide smiles and giggles（咯咯笑）. Jodie looked at Mr. Swales. He was angry. He almost never raised his voice, but now he did. “Silence! I want everybody quiet this instant.” The laughter stopped immediately. The sound of cars and people going by on the street came through the windows. “You should feel ashamed of yourselves,” Mr. Swales said. “Being a garbage man is a difficult and enormously useful job. We all should be grateful to Jodie’s father, Mr. Harris. Where would we be without him? Up to our ears in garbage, that’s where. How would you like that?” “Pee-yoo!” somebody said. A few kids started laughing again. “It’s not funny,” Mr. Swales went on. “Garbage is a serious matter. I think you all owe Jodie an apology. And after that, you’re all going to write Jodie’s father, Mr. Harris, a nice letter to tell him how much you appreciate what he does for all of us; in other words, keeping our city clean.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Noticing that Jodie was already in tears, Mr. Swales came to her desk. Patting her on the shoulder, he said, “I’m sorry for what happened, Jodie. But remember, hard work is worthy of being proud of. There’s nothing wrong with being a garbage man. I can’t imagine what our city would be like if it were not for the work of those hard-working garbage cleaners like your father.” Hearing this, the girl, who was crying just now, smiled through tears. Meanwhile, those who were laughing out loud blushed, feeling ashamed of themselves. The next day, Jodie’s classmates came to Jodie’s home. On seeing Jodie and her father, Mr. Harris, they made a sincere apology for having made fun of Jodie. Then they handed him their letters, in which they said, “Everybody in the world makes garbage. But it is people like you who keep our living environment clean and tidy.” “Thank you for what you’ve done for us.” “You have every right to be angry with us. But believe me: now I do appreciate what you do for all of us every day. Thank you.” It was Mr. Harris? turn to cry this time, with tears of joy. （本题普查读后续写的写作方法） （五）概要写作 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 While you might not realize it, the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night. With a few simple lifestyle changes, you can create a healthy sleep environment that helps improve your sleep quality. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who have irregular sleep patterns. Set your alarm for the same time every day, including weekends. Pay attention to what you eat and drink. Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed（太饱）. Your discomfort might keep you up. Avoid caffeine（咖啡因）six hours before you sleep. Having a cup of coffee within a few hours of bedtime can have you tossing and turning for hours when you are trying to sleep. Coffee isn’t the only product containing caffeine. Avoid chocolate and tea, too. Also limit how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at midnight. Many people switch on the TV before they go to bed. The TV disturbs your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would, especially if you are watching something violent or exciting. Instead of switching on the TV, read a book. Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly. Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy. If you don’t fall asleep within about fifteen minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you are tired. If you are a shift worker and need to sleep during the day, make your bedroom dark. This can easily be achieved by pulling your curtains to block out any daylight. If you suffer from serious sleep problems, go to your doctor. Your doctor will help treat the problems or may refer you to a sleep specialist. Your sleep quality is associated with your sleep environment. Therefore, you can improve your sleep quality by making some lifestyle changes to create a healthier environment. To achieve that, firstly, you should stick to a regular bedtime. Also, a proper diet contributes to a sound sleep. And you should neither watch TV before bedtime nor go to bed when you are not even sleepy. Consult your doctor if you are experiencing serious sleep problems. （本题普查概要写作的写作方法） （六）阅读表达 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I started drawing houses at six. Unlike most girls, my dream was to build a backyard clubhouse—a dream that was unrealistic given that we lived in an apartment. By high school I continued drawing and my dreams broadened—to become an architect. My elder brother told me to take a university education. But my family couldn’t afford that kind of education. Still, I fanned the flame of hope. I got a part-time job at Bayside Bowl and started saving money. My bank account, however, was growing quite slowly. When I looked at college catalogs, I couldn’t imagine how I would ever get there. I decided to shrink（缩小）my dreams to a more realistic size. Soon after that, a newcomer started frequenting Bayside Bowl. She arrived alone and always carried a pink bag with a ball inside. Her dark, wrinkled skin and curly gray hair made her stand out among our younger customers. She talked to me whenever I cleaned near her lane. I learned her name was Bessie. She had been a singer for as long as she could remember. In her twenties she had tried to get a job as a restaurant singer. “I was a young black woman, and in the early 1950s doors didn’t exactly open wide for me. Zilch!” she said. I admired her ability to pick up a split, but I also appreciated her advice. “Life’s like bowling.” she would say. “Set your eyes on your target and follow through.” Indeed, Bessie hadn’t let the “zilches” stop her. She had saved up and enrolled in the Brightwood Music Academy. It turned out this lady with the pink bowling bag was the Bessie Richards, a recording artist of the 1960s. Bessie moved on to live with her sister, but before leaving, she left me with a $50 tip for helping her at the lanes, a reminder to ignore the “zilches” in my life, and some lines of poetry she had copied from a book. Bessie said, “Read this when the going seems tough. It’ll help you follow through and reach for your goal.” These are the lines: Hold fast to dreams, For if dreams die, Life is a broken-winged bird, That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams, For when dreams go, Life is a barren field, Frozen with snow. A year has passed since I last bowled with Bessie, and I’ve resumed my drawing. I’m working and saving money, taking drafting classes, and applying for internships（实习）.Whenever I’m discouraged, I reread those lines of poetry. There’ll be no barren field of frozen snow nor zilches for me. Inspired by Bessie and the poem, I plan to continue to dream. 1. What was the author’s dream when she was in high school? 答案：To become an architect. / Becoming an architect. 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的 “By high school I continued drawing and my dreams broadened—to become an architect.”（到了高中，我继续画画，我的梦想扩大到想要成为一名建筑师。）可知作者在高中时的梦想是成为一名建筑师。故答案为：To become an architect. / Becoming an architect. 2. Why did the author shrink her dream to a realistic size? 答案：Because her family/she couldn’t afford a university education. 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“Unlike most girls, my dream was to build a backyard clubhouse—a dream that was unrealistic given that we lived in an apartment. By high school I continued drawing and my dreams broadened—to become an architect. My elder brother told me to take a university education. But my family couldn’t afford that kind of education.”（与大多数女孩不同的是，我的梦想是在后院建一个娱乐小屋——考虑到我们住在公寓里，这个梦想是不现实的。到了高中，我继续画画，我的梦想扩大到想要成为一名建筑师。我哥哥告诉我那需要接受大学教育。但我的家庭负担不起这样的教育。）和第二段中的 “I got a part-time job at Bayside Bowl and started saving money. My bank account, however, was growing quite slowly. When I looked at college catalogs, I couldn’t imagine how I would ever get there.”（我在Bayside Bowl找到了一份兼职工作，开始存钱。然而，我的银行账户存款增长相当缓慢。当我浏览那些大学的目录时，我无法想象我要如何才能进入这些大学。）可知作者一开始想建一个娱乐小屋，但由于自己的住宿条件，这样的梦想不能实现，之后她又想成为一名建筑师，但她的家庭负担不起大学学费，作者虽兼职挣钱，但钱不多，说明是作者的家庭经济状况不好、自己付不起上大学的费用才把自己的梦想限制在更为现实的范围内。故答案为：Because her family/she couldn’t afford a university education. 3. How do you understand the underlined sentence “Life’s like bowling”? 答案：Just like playing bowling, we need to set our eyes on the target in life and follow through. 解析：句意猜测题。由第四段中的“Life’s like bowling.” she would say. “Set your eyes on your target and follow through.”（“生活就像打保龄球，”她会说。“用你的眼睛盯着你的目标，然后坚持到底。”）可知那位女士对作者说 “Life’s like bowling” 是为了告诉作者，生活就像打保龄球一样，像把目光放在保龄球上一样，我们需要把目光放在生活的目标上，并坚持到底。故答案为：Just like playing bowling, we need to set our eyes on the target in life and follow through. 4. Describe one of Bessie’s characteristics and explain why. 答案：She is/was inspiring because she encouraged the author to pursue her dream. She is/was determined/brave/persistent because she strove for her goal. She is/was generous because she left the author a tip of $50 for helping her at the lanes. 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的 “Inspired by Bessie and the poem, I plan to continue to dream.”（受到Bessie和这首诗的启发，我打算继续追逐梦想。）可得出Bessie很鼓舞人心，鼓励作者追梦，故答案为：She is/was inspiring because she encouraged the author to pursue her dream.；由第四段中的“Indeed, Bessie hadn’t let the ‘zilches’ stop her. She had saved up and enrolled in the Brightwood Music Academy.”（事实上，Bessie并没有让那些“困苦”阻止她。她攒钱进了布莱特伍德音乐学院。）可得出Bessie为自己的目标而奋斗，很有决心、勇敢、坚持不懈，故答案为：She is/was determined/brave/persistent because she strove for her goal.；由第五段中的 “Bessie moved on to live with her sister, but before leaving, she left me with a $50 tip for helping her at the lanes, a reminder to ignore the “zilches” in my life, and some lines of poetry she had copied from a book.”（Bessie搬去和她姐姐住在一起，但在离开之前，她给了我一笔50美元的小费，提醒我不要理会我生活中的“琐事”，还有她从书中抄来的几行诗。）可知Bessie给作者留了50美元的小费，说明Bessie很慷慨，故答案为She is/was generous because she left the author a tip of $50 for helping her at the lanes. 5. Who is the “Bessie” in your life? How does he or she help you to pursue your dream? 答案：My mom is the “Bessie” in my life. When I was 9, I started playing the piano, but as I didn’t make much progress, I considered quitting. It was my mom who encouraged me to continue and thanks to her, now I can play very well and I enjoy playing it. 解析：开放式题目。学生可根据本文大意结合生活经历，找到生活中的 “Bessie”并谈谈他或她是如何帮助你实现你的梦想的。 （本题普查阅读表达的解题方法） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$