Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out&Understanding ideas-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks. Ⅱ.What is the main idea of the text? The main idea of the text is about arguments on climbing Qomolangma． 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．What happened to George Mallory eventually? A．He succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma. B．He lost his life on the mountain. C．He became world­famous because he succeeded. D．He survived with the help of Alan Arnette. 2．What would a person of “Type T” probably do? A．He is interested in making money. B．He will not go for the mountain climbing. C．He enjoys the excitement of mountain climbing. D．He will be a success in his life journey. 3．According to research，why are some people keen on mountain climbing? A．Because they love to stay in the places with low air pressure. B．Because they want to follow other people. C．Because they focus on different reasons to succeed in life. D．Because they have the “Type T” personalities or focus on the great benefits of the climbing. 4．The last four paragraphs tell us the reason ． A．why some people like jumping out of planes B．why some people like driving fast cars C．why some people like climbing high mountains D．why some people are more likely to take risks than others 答案：1～4　BCDD 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 熟词 生义 good (Para.1) (常见义)adj.好的→(文章义)adj.相当多的 nature (Para.4) (常见义)n.自然→(文章义)n.天性，本性 构词法 discomfort dis­(否定前缀)＋comfort(舒适)→n.不舒服；不适 toughness tough(结实的)＋­ness(名词后缀)→n.韧性 risk­taking risk(冒险)＋take＋­ing→n.冒险 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　In 2011，words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette，who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world. [分析]　本句为复合句。主句中使用了被动语态；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Alan Arnette。 [翻译]　2011年，美国登山家艾伦·阿内特说出了与马洛里相似的话。他就在那年登上了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算攀登世界其他高山。 [教材2]　It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical，as well as mental，toughness to push when you want to stop. [分析]　本句为复合句。force sb.to do意为“迫使某人做……”，figure out意为“理解，弄明白”，if 引导的从句作figure out的宾语；when引导时间状语从句。 [翻译]　它会强迫你去深入地审视自己，去思考自己的身体和心灵是否足够坚强，能在你想放弃的时候推动你继续向前。 [教材3]　With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure，is there also a scientific reason behind this risk­taking? [分析]　本句为简单句。句子主干为there be句型的一般疑问句式；句子开头是with的复合结构，the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma为宾语，resulting either in total success or failure为宾语补足语。 [翻译]　攀登珠峰的大多数尝试要么大获全胜，要么彻底失败，这一冒险行为的背后是否也有科学解释呢？ Ⅲ.学表达技巧 因果关系 [教材1]　Many would become sick, due to the extreme cold and low air pressure, and a few would even lose their lives. [分析]　此句是陈述因果关系的句子。引导原因状语的介词短语还有thanks to，because of，as a result of，owing to，on account of等。 [仿写]　尝试用因果关系补全句子 这件事之后，由于智慧的玛雅，海洋生物公园吸引了更多的观众。(2024·九省联考) After the event, the sea life park attracted more audience due to/because of the wise Maya. 心理描写 [教材2]　For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel weak and others, powerful. [分析]　句中用weak和powerful描述了“攀登珠穆朗玛峰的体验是独一无二的，它让一些人感受到脆弱的同时也让另一些人感受到强大”。 [仿写]　尝试用心理描写补全句子 我想我感冒了，有点发烧，喉咙痛，并且感觉浑身乏力。 I think I have flu.I have a slight fever and a sore throat, and feel weak． 主 题 升 华 [教材3]　We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life.That is what life means and what life is for. [分析]　句子表达了“这才是生活的意义和目标。”该句画龙点睛地揭示文章蕴含的道理，语言不多却值得回味。 [仿写]　尝试用主题升华补全句子 如果这种善意能传播到每一个角落，每个人的生活将是多么美好啊！ How wonderful the life of everyone would be if this kindness spread everywhere！ 高频词汇练全 confirm v．证实，证明；确认；使确信 (1)confirm sth./that... 证实……；确定…… confirm sb.in sth. 使某人确信某事 It's confirmed that... 已经确定…… (2)confirmation n．证实；确认书；证明书 【练透】　单句语法填空/句式升级 ①What he did confirmed me in the fact that he had no courage to make attempts. ②There has been no formal confirmation (confirm) so far that the art exhibition will be put off until next week. ③People confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million. →It was confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.(it作形式主语) crowd n．人群 v．挤满；塞满 vi.聚集；拥挤 (1)a crowd of＝crowds of 一大群；很多 the crowd 人群 (2)crowd into 涌入…… (3)crowded adj.拥挤的 be crowded with 挤满了…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The crowd looked upwards, and saw a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.(选自译林B3U2) ②每年的五一劳动节这天，成千上万的游客涌入许多旅游景点，使得旅馆订满，狭窄的街道上挤满了游客。 On May Day every year hundreds of thousands of visitors crowd into many tourist attractions, making hotels fully booked and the narrow streets crowded with tourists． attempt n．努力，尝试 vt.试图；尝试；企图 (1)attempt to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 (2)in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 make an/one's attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事 at one's/the first/second attempt 在(某人)第一/第二次尝试时 (3)attempted adj.未遂的 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成语段 ①They attempt to find (find) the truth at the heart of each idea.(选自北师B3U9) ②大卫中途摔倒了，他试图挣扎着站起来。他的第一次尝试就失败了。然而，经过几次尝试，他还是成功了！(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) David fell over halfway; he attempted/made an attempt to struggle to his feet.He failed at the first attempt．However, after several attempts, he made it! bring...into focus 使……成为焦点 (1)focus on/upon 集中于；特别关注 focus one's attention/eyes/energy/effort(s) on/upon... 集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/努力于…… (2)the focus of... ……的焦点 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.(选自北师B3U9) ②如果你专注于功课，你就会取得很大的进步。(建议信) If you focus your attention on your lessons, you'll make great progress. ③最近发生的事故使青少年的心理健康成为人们关注的焦点。 The accidents that happened recently have brought teenagers' mental health into focus． turn around 转身；好转 turn...into... 把……变成…… turn to 翻到，转到；求助于 turn in 上交 turn up 开大，调大；出现 turn down 关小，调小；拒绝 turn over 翻转；移交；(营业额)达到某数额 turn out 制造，生产；结果是 【练透】　完成句子 ①你最好按时出现，或者比约定的时间早几分钟。(建议信) You had better turn up on time or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time. ②所有的候选人必须在截止日期前交上申请表和相关材料。 All the candidates must turn in the application forms and relevant materials before the deadline. ③有如此多的数学难题要解决，我必须向我的老师求助。 With so many difficult math problems to handle，I must turn to my teacher for help． result in 导致，造成(＝lead to) (1)result from＝arise from 由……产生；由……造成 (2)as a result 因此，结果 as a result of 由于，作为……的结果 【练透】　完成句子/一句多译 ①森林遭到破坏，因此，目前该国的部分地区面临水源短缺的问题。 The forests were destroyed.As a result, parts of the country are now short of water. ②人们普遍认为，他是由于过度疲劳而患上了疾病。 ②－1 It's generally believed that he suffered from an illness as a result of the overfull tiredness. ②－2 It's generally believed that the overfull tiredness resulted in/led to his illness. ②－3 It's generally believed that his illness resulted/arose from the overfull tiredness. stand for 代表；支持；容忍，忍受 stand by 袖手旁观 stand by sth. 信守约定；坚持某事物 stand out 引人注目；突出 stand up for 维护；替……说话 【练透】　完成句子 ①我们的女儿是一个不错的舞者；她从其他舞者中脱颖而出。(人物描写) Our daughter is a great dancer; she stands out above the rest. ②中西医两大医学体系分别代表着各自的文化背景。 Chinese and western medicine systems stand for the different culture background respectively. 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．根据语境选出border的含义 A．n.国界，边界　B．vt.和……毗邻； 与……接壤　C．n.镶边，包边 ①Our garden borders the railway. B ②The table cloth has a narrow lace border. C ③He drove us right up to the Russian border. A 2．根据语境选出failure的含义 ①The success or failure of the plan depends on you. C ②As a writer, he was a complete failure. A ③A power failure put everything into darkness. B Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①They carved their initials on the desk.n.首字母 ②This small town has been zoned as a shopping area.vt.将……划作某项用途的区域 ③This band has thrilled audiences all over the world.vt.使非常兴奋；使非常激动 重点句式练透 句型公式：although引导让步状语从句 (教材原文)Sadly，Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924, although his body would not be found until many years later. 不幸的是，马洛里于1924年在珠穆朗玛峰上死去，尽管他的尸体直到很多年后才被发现。 (1)although和though都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词，意为“尽管，虽然”，一般情况下可互换。但although较正式，多用于句首，而though在非正式文体中较为普遍。 (2)as/though引导让步状语从句时可用倒装语序。 (3)although和though都不能和并列连词but连用，但可以和yet或still连用。 【练透】　完成句子/句型转换 ①虽然有时这似乎是一个不可能完成的任务，但它最终变成了一个宝贵的成长机会。(2024·浙江1月卷) Although/Though sometimes it seemed an impossible task, it eventually turned a precious opportunity for growth. ②He likes drawing; however, his parents don't allow him to learn it. →Although/Though he likes drawing, his parents don't allow him to learn it.(让步状语从句) →He likes drawing, but his parents don't allow him to learn it．(并列句) ③Though you read fast, you can't finish the book in three days. →Fast as/though you read, you can't finish the book in three days.(倒装语序) (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．As is known to us all, oxygen (氧气) is to us what water is to fish. 2．It gave me a real thrill (刺激) to see her again after so many years. 3．National natural protection zones (地区) should not be open to tourists. 4．There is a beautiful town on the border (国界) of two countries. 5．Though I haven't met him for many years, I could recognize him immediately when I saw him in the crowd (人群). 6．He attempted (尝试) to climb to the top of the mountain, but failed in the end. 7．As a saying goes, failure (失败) is the mother of success. 8．Nowadays, psychologists (心理学家) are in greater demand due to the pressure of work. 9．We don't have enough money；therefore (因此), we can't afford to buy a new car. 10．Further to our telephone conversation this morning, I'd like to confirm (证实) details of the order. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．Jane's birthday party turned out to be a failure (fail), for few guests came to attend it. 2．Time permitting, Joe will be able to finish the project very successfully (successful). 3．Initially (initial), she believed him, but gradually, she found him dishonest. 4．On National Day, the streets were crowded (crowd) with a large number of people. 5．What annoys me most is that every time I turn around，he seems to be checking up on me. 6．Many people leave their villages in search of work in big cities every year. 7．Today the problem of cloning has been brought into focus; different people hold different opinions. 8．While giving the English speech, one is not allowed to refer to the notes. 9．Whether you go or not is up to you instead of others. 10．Each star on the flag of the United States stands for a state of the nation. Ⅲ.完成句子/一句多译/同义句转换(每空2分，共12分) 1．你错过了上周的运动会太可惜了。(形式主语) It is a pity that you missed the sports meeting last week. 2．已经证实，家庭氛围对孩子的身心健康有很大的影响。 It has been confirmed that the family dynamic has a great effect on children's mental and physical health. 3．作为学生，我们必须集中精力学习。 As students, we must focus (our attention/mind) on our studies． 4．他试图通过考试，但考试太难了。 ①He attempted to pass the exam, but it was too difficult. ②He made an attempt at passing the exam, but it was too difficult. 5．The match was postponed to the next day because of bad weather. →It was bad weather.As a result, the match was postponed to the next day. Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) Last year，hundreds of people spent a lot of money on climbing Qomolangma.For some people，climbing makes them feel 1.powerful (power). George Mallory believed that we eat and make money 2.to enjoy (enjoy) life.Sadly，he lost his life in 1924 when he 3.was climbing (climb) Qomolangma.4.It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top before it took his life.Alan Arnette, 5.who climbed Qomolangma in 2011，held the idea that climbing brought 6.into focus what was important in our life.He said，“You have to focus on 7.the one reason that's most important and unique to you.It depends on the physical and mental 8.toughness (tough) to push when you want to give up.” With the majority of attempts 9.resulting (result) either in total success or failure，is there a scientific reason？Recent studies indicate that risk­taking may be part of human nature.Therefore，it's 10.totally (total) up to you whether you will take the risk of climbing Qomolangma. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题4分，共28分) A The Science of the Antarctic：An Exploration by Air and Sea 2025, 7 days Join New Scientist for an interesting trip exploring the world's largest ocean preserve and most original sea ecosystem. Day 1: Arrive into Punta Arenas (Chile) Arrive into Punta Arenas，where you will be met and transported to the group hotel.Punta Arenas lies at the foot of the Andes with noticeable views across the Strait of Magellan to Tierra del Fuego.It is Patagonia's liveliest and most interesting city.Everything in the town is within walking distance. Days 2－3: Observe Elephant Island While sailing around the White Continent，huge icebergs announce your arrival in Antarctic waters.Observe Elephant Island，where the shipwrecked (遭遇海难的) worker of Shackleton found shelter while he and five finest men carried on towards South Georgia in a tiny lifeboat.The guides will explain the story.Stormy conditions hardly allow for ashore landing，but you will still see the historic island from the ship. Days 4－6: Explore South Georgia Tour the protected waters of South Georgia.The wildlife on South Georgia is rich，especially the birdlife.Visits to a rookery containing 150，000 king penguins or the nesting home of thousands of black­browed albatrosses are remarkable wildlife experiences.If the weather is favourable，visits to Fortuna Bay，Salisbury Plains，Prion Island，and Elsehul Bay are also planned. Day 7: Depart Santiago After breakfast，the tour has finished and you can fly home or spend a few days in the fascinating capital city of Santiago.Talk to our specialists about extending your holiday—we are experts in creating tailor­made holidays in this area. Contact us at tours@newscientist.com for more information. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一项南极科学探险7天游服务。 1．What can be learned about Punta Arenas? A．It lies outside Patagonia. B．It is a small town. C．It is far from the Andes. D．It has a long history. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据Day 1: Arrive into Punta Arenas(Chile)部分中的“Everything in the town is within walking distance.”可知，这座市镇中的一切都在步行范围内，即这座市镇很小。故选B。 2．What will visitors do on Days 2－3 of the trip? A．Land on Elephant Island. B．Search for a historic shelter. C．Explore the remains of a famous ship. D．Listen to the story of Antarctic adventure. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据Days 2－3: Observe Elephant Island部分中第二、三句可知，游客在旅行的第2－3天会听到南极探险的故事。故选D。 3．When can visitors watch birds? A．On Day 1. B．On Days 2－3. C．On Days 4－6. D．On Day 7. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Days 4－6: Explore South Georgia部分中的第二句可知，南乔治亚岛的野生动物资源丰富，尤其是鸟类，所以游客们可以在第4－6天欣赏鸟类。故选C。 B William Lindesay，a famous Great Wall expert and conservationist，and his wife Wu Qi have traveled the globe by the back paths，providing their sons with a unique growing environment.Sun hats，backpacks and sneakers (运动鞋)—these are the day­to­day must­haves for the family. Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert，a 53­kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand，a one­day climb to three English mountaintops and a six­day train ride from Beijing to Moscow. Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel，but they are not.Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel and eschew pricey hotels and restaurants where possible.Lindesay mentions the trip to Moscow as an example.Instead of taking a taxi from the railway station to the hotel，they took the subway.“We crossed the city for saving money，communicated with local people，and saw they are people just like us，everywhere.We arrived at our destination feeling comfortable.” However，their journeys，which can last weeks or months，have sometimes been inconsistent with their children's schooling.Wu remembers once Lindesay let their elder son ask for leave so that they could go to New York for a 45­day lecture tour.Therefore the son missed his final exam.Things like that bother the family all the time. Lindesay attaches great importance to learning out of the classroom，saying that children might score well on school tests，but travelling outside，in distant lands with different languages，cultures，and political structures，is the real test.“You can only get streetwise on the street.You can only get worldly­wise when seeing the world，” he says. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了威廉·林赛是著名的长城专家和自然环境保护主义者，他和他的妻子吴琪带着孩子走遍世界各地，用实际行动践行了读万卷书不如行万里路的道理。 4．How can we describe the Lindesays' trips? A．Pleasant. B．Traditional. C．Challenging. D．Dangerous. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，他们的旅行完全不轻松——他们在炎热干燥的沙漠进行文化研究，在新西兰进行长达53公里的徒步旅行，一天攀登了三座英国山峰，耗时六天乘火车从北京到莫斯科。由此可推知，他们的旅行是具有挑战性的。故选C。 5．What does the underlined word “eschew” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Avoid. B．Visit. C．Compare. D．Evaluate. 解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句和画线词后的“pricey hotels and restaurants where possible”以及林赛提到的例子可知，这个家庭并不富有，他们只是选择把钱花在旅游上，而且尽可能避开昂贵的酒店和餐馆。由此可知，画线词的含义应是“避开，回避，避免”。故选A。 6．What problem does the family meet when travelling? A．They suffer from a tight budget. B．They have scheduling conflicts. C．They are faced with language barriers. D．They hold different educational ideas. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，他们的旅程可能持续数周或数月，有时会与孩子的学校教育冲突。由此可知，他们在旅行中遇到的问题是时间安排上的冲突。故选B。 7．Which statement may Lindesay agree with according to the text? A．Toughness is the best assistant of will. B．There is no royal road to learning. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Man who travels far knows much. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，林赛认为孩子们可能在学校考试中取得好成绩，但在有不同的语言、文化和政治结构的遥远的地方旅行才是真正的考验。由此可推知，林赛可能赞同“远行者见闻多”。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题3分，共15分) All people have some special talents! You might be a great writer or artist.Maybe you can run faster than anyone else in your class.Many people enjoy using their talents to help others.Take people working in technology for instance.1. For example, money reading apps help people with visual impairments (障碍) identify the value of money.They help them use the right bills and make sure they get the correct change back. 2. They can use it to listen to books and other documents since they can't see them.Kids can also use it to follow along with texts that are hard to read.Similarly, speech­to­text technology allows people with limited hearing to read the words they can't hear. Have you ever lost the use of a leg? Whether briefly or permanently, you'll know how useful wheelchairs can be.3. Prototypes (原型) already exist for wheelchairs that can climb stairs.And scientists are even working on wheelchairs that can be controlled with just the mind.They'll read brain waves to find out exactly what their user wants them to do. 4． You can find it in many products.There are voice command keyboards, cars, smartphones, and many others.And of course, driverless cars can improve transportation for people with visual and physical impairments.Many models of these cars are in testing! What does the future hold for technology？5. Maybe you'll even come up with the next helpful device yourself! If technology isn't your passion, there are plenty of other ways for you to help others.All talents are useful—especially when they're used to help people face challenges! A．Adults also use text­to­speech features. B．And they're becoming more advanced every day. C．They use their talents to make new devices that help others. D．Text­to­speech technology is also a huge help to these people. E．Voice command technology is gaining increasing popularity now. F．If your eyesight is limited, you know just how helpful that can be. G．You might be amazed at some advances you'll see in your lifetime. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了每个人都可以使用自己的特殊才能成为一个伟大的作家，艺术家或者是发明家，很多人利用这项才能来帮助别人。作者以从事技术工作的人为例，表明所有的才能都是有用的——尤其是当它们被用来帮助人们面对挑战的时候！ 1．解析：选C。根据前文的“Take people working in technology for instance.”可知，后文应该讲述的内容是从事技术工作的人如何使用天赋帮助别人。C选项“They use their talents to make new devices that help others.”中的they指代前文的people working in technology，与前文呼应。故选C。 2．解析：选D。根据后文的“They can use it to listen to books and other documents since they can't see them.”可知，此处强调的是某种技术能够帮助视觉障碍人士听书和其他文件。D选项“Text­to­speech technology is also a huge help to these people.”中的文本转语音技术即为下文所提到的技术，与下文呼应。故选D。 3．解析：选B。根据前文“Whether briefly or permanently, you'll know how useful wheelchairs can be.”可知，设空处强调的对象是轮椅。同时根据后文的“Prototypes (原型) already exist for wheelchairs that can climb stairs.And scientists are even working on wheelchairs that can be controlled with just the mind.”可知，此处强调的是轮椅设计的先进性，前文应该对此进行提及。B选项中的they指代轮椅，承接上文；more advanced与下文呼应。故选B。 4．解析：选E。根据后文的“You can find it in many products.There are voice command keyboards, cars, smartphones, and many others.”可知，此处强调的是语音指挥技术在产品中的应用，故前文应该提及该技术。在E选项“Voice command technology is gaining increasing popularity now.”引起下文。故选E。 5．解析：选G。根据前文“What does the future hold for technology？(科技的未来会怎样？)”可知，设空处应该提及未来的科技。G选项“You might be amazed at some advances you'll see in your lifetime.”与前文呼应，强调未来的科技可能会使你惊讶。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$