Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund，also ①known as UNICEF，is a United Nations organization ②based in New York.It offers help ③needed by children all over the world. UNICEF was founded on 11 December 1946，to provide food and healthcare to children in countries ④damaged in World War Ⅱ.Since 1953，UNICEF has taken up an extended mission to help children in the ⑤developing world，including those ⑥living with diseases or disabilities，and those ⑦affected by rapid modernization and environmental problems.Now，UNICEF has been working to improve the lives of children and their families across 190 countries and territories. 1．文中加黑部分是分词(短语)在句中作定语。 2．过去分词作定语，强调分词的动作与被修饰词之间是被动关系，在时态上强调动作已经完成。如加黑处①②③④⑦。 3．现在分词作定语则表示主动或动作正在进行。如加黑处⑤⑥。 4．分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后，如加黑处①②③④⑥⑦；单个的分词作定语可直接放于被修饰词的前面，如加黑处⑤。 过去分词(短语)作定语 一、意义 及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。 1．表示被动和完成 ①a polluted river一条被污染的河流 ②the watered flowers浇过水的花 ③The injured workers are now being treated in the hospital. 受伤的工人们目前正在医院接受治疗。 2．只表示完成，不表示被动 ①fallen leaves落叶 ②the risen sun升起的太阳 ③The retired teacher still reads books every day. 这名退休教师依然每天读书。 3．只表示被动，不表示完成 He is a teacher respected by all the students. 他是一位受所有学生尊敬的老师。 ————即学即练1———— 汉译英 ①发达国家　　　　 developed countries ②受感动的学生们 moved students ③浇过水的树 the watered trees ④归国留学生 returned students 二、位置 单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 ①The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge. 政府决定重新修复那座被毁坏的大桥。 ②The student dressed in white is my daughter. ＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。 【点拨】　有些过去分词表示特定含义，单独作定语也放在被修饰的名词之后。如：left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。另外，单个过去分词作定语修饰代词(如：something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代词或those)时，应该放在被修饰的词后面。 ①There is a little time left.Let's hurry up. 剩余时间不多了，咱们快点吧。 ②He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。 ————即学即练2———— 完成句子 ①The polluted river (这条被污染的河) gives off a terrible smell. ②The excited people (激动的人们) finally cooled down. ③It can help to build a community with a shared future (共同的未来) for mankind.(2022·全国乙卷) ④One theory, increasingly supported by experts (被专家越来越多地支持), suggests that smell preferences are learned.(2022·北京卷) 三、过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别 1．语态不同：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。 ①The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016. 矗立在街角的那所房子是2016年建的。 ②The question discussed was very important. 那个被讨论的问题很重要。 2．时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经完成。 3．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别： 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 ①The building constructed last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。 ②The building being constructed now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 ③The building to be constructed next month is our classroom building. 下个月要建造的楼将是我们的教学楼。 ————即学即练3———— 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Mrs White showed her students some old maps borrowed (borrow) from the library. ②The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand) in one corner. ③The problem being discussed (discuss) now has something to do with our work. ④The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. extend v．持续；延伸 (1)extend(...)to 延伸(……)到；扩大(……)到(to为介词) extend one's heartfelt gratitude to 向……表示衷心的感谢 (2)extension n．延伸， 扩展；增加部分 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is said that the extension (extend) of the garden will take several weeks. ②我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。(感谢信) I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all our teachers, who have done so much for us over the years. ③这条公路应延长 200 千米到那座城镇。 The highway should be extended 200 kilometres to that town. sensitive adj.易生气的，敏感的；体贴的，善解人意的；能理解的 (1)be sensitive to 对……敏感/过敏/体贴 be sensitive about (感情上)对……敏感/容易生气 (2)sense n．感受；理解力；意义 v．感觉到 in a sense 从某种意义上说 in no sense 决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装) 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Some of us are sensitive to smells，while others find colours easier to remember. ②他对自己的伤疤很敏感，以为每个人都在盯着他看。(人物描写) He was very sensitive about his scar and thought everyone was staring at him. ③在现代医疗条件下，这种疾病一点也不可怕。 In no sense is the disease terrible at all under modern medical conditions. generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的 (1)be generous with... 在……方面慷慨 be generous to... 对……慷慨/宽宏大量 It is generous (of sb.) to do sth. (某人)在做某事方面慷慨/大方 (2)generosity n．慷慨，大方 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Although he was poor，he was quite generous to his needy friends. ②Your insight，kindness，courage，and generosity (generous) make this site what it is. ③当我们有困难时，你伸出援手，真是慷慨。(感谢信) It's generous of you to lend us a hand when we are in trouble. hesitate v．犹豫，迟疑 (1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事 hesitate about/over... 对……犹豫不决 (2)hesitation n．踌躇，犹豫 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Don't hesitate about/over your decision once you think it over. ②由于缺乏信心，害怕被嘲笑，他犹豫着跑到起跑线。(犹豫心理描写) For lack of confidence and afraid of being laughed at, he hesitated to run to the starting line. ③她果断地跳入水中，救起溺水的孩子。 Without hesitation，she leapt into the water and saved the drowning child. 句型公式：not only...but also... (教材原文)As in the words which were spoken by Ryan, we need to not only donate money but also get new ideas.正如瑞恩所说的，我们不仅要捐款，还要有新的想法。 (1)not only...but also...是并列连词，连接两个对等的成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可连接两个分句。 (2)not only...but also...连接两个主语时，强调的是后面的主语，因此谓语应和后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。 (3)not only...but also...连接两个分句，且 not only位于句首时， not only连接的分句要用部分倒装语序， but also分句不倒装。 (4)also有时可省略，或在句末添加too, as well。 【练透】　完成句子/句式升级 ①不仅是学生们，那位老师也去操场观看艺术节的开幕式了。(活动介绍) Not only the students but also the teacher has gone to the playground to watch the opening ceremony of the Art Festival. ②她建议我不仅要尽可能多地接触英语，还要经常大声说英语。(英语学习) She suggested that I should not only expose myself to English whenever possible，but (also) often speak English loudly． ③Oceans not only provide abundant resources and food for us, but they are also crucial for the global climate development. →Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us, but they are also crucial for the global climate development. (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) 　 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共12分) 1．Don't hesitate to tell (tell) me if you have a problem. 2．It moved me much that the boy swam well in spite of his disability (disable). 3．I don't want this big colour TV now, for it takes up too much room. 4．You can't imagine it was the beggar who came up with a good idea to ensure your safety! 5．The artist believed that studying the famous paintings hanging/hung (hang) in that museum would help him. 6．Please tell me the subjects to be discussed (discuss) at the next meeting. 7．I've become much more sensitive to my daughters' comings and goings. 8．Uncle Wang is a kind and generous old man and he generously contributed a lot of money to the village primary school last week.His generosity is worth admiring.(generous) Ⅱ.链接写作——句型转换(每题2分，共12分) 1．Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it. →Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it. 2．The speaker answered all the questions that were raised by the audience. →The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience． 3．I don't like going to the supermarket located in the centre of the town. →I don't like going to the supermarket which/that is located in the centre of the town. 4．Most of the people questioned were students. →Most of the people who had been questioned were students. 5．The disabled guy was attended throughout his school day by a nurse who was appointed to guard him. →The disabled guy was attended throughout his school day by a nurse appointed to guard him． 6．When learning on Wednesday that only one of the 13 workers that were trapped underground had survived, they burst into tears. →When learning on Wednesday that only one of the 13 workers trapped underground had survived, they burst into tears. Ⅲ.链接写作——完成语段(每题2分，共16分) Ryan is an average boy.He likes books 1.written by (由……写) J．K Rowling and likes songs 2.sung by (由……唱) Michael Jackson.But he is also a warm­hearted boy.When he was a boy 3.aged 6 (6岁)，he had trouble believing the words 4.spoken by his teacher (他老师说的) that many people in 5.developing African countries (非洲发展中国家) couldn't get enough clean water.6.Realizing life was difficult for them (意识到生活对他们来说是困难的)，he decided to help them.At first，he only wanted to build a well but his action made a great difference.7.Many inspired people (许多受鼓舞的人) began to give him their support.Over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life­changing gift of clean and safe water.What 8.a kind and determined boy (一个善良而坚定的男孩)! Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题5分，共20分) An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories can play a role in changing the importance of particular moral values in young audiences，according to the result of a new study. “Media can greatly influence separate moral values and get kids to place more or less importance on those values depending on what is uniquely stressed in that content，” says Lindsay Hahn，PhD，a professor in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences. Hahn is first author of the new study，which adds an important part to a body of literature that explores how media content affects children.While many previous studies have focused on broad conceptualisations (概念化)，like positive or negative effects of specific content，Hahn's study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values might influence the weight kids place on those values. Do children reading about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities as building blocks for their own morality? The findings suggest so，and further support how this indirect approach to socializing children's morality can add to the direct teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal instruction. For the study，Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a teenager story and edited the content to reflect in each version (版本) the study's focus on one of four moral values.A fifth version was changed in a way that featured an amoral main character.The stories were shared with about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14.The team then measured the importance kids place on moral values to find out how participants might be influenced by specific stories. “Measuring these effects can be difficult，” says Hahn.“That's why one purpose of this research was to develop a measure of moral values for kids.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，故事中的良好道德在塑造青少年价值观方面有重要作用。 1．What can be inferred from the results of the study? A．Good virtues can carry children through hard times. B．Good morals in stories help shape children's values. C．Teaching moral principles directly to kids seems useless. D．Reading stories is a better approach than formal instruction. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，研究结果说明故事能影响青少年的道德观，由此可推知，故事中的良好道德有助于塑造孩子们的价值观。故选B。 2．What does the author try to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．The response of the public to Hahn's study. B．The difference between Hahn's study and previous studies. C．The big contribution of Hahn's study to children's literature. D．The branches of the research on media influences on children. 解析：选B。段落大意题。根据第三段中“While many previous studies have focused on...Hahn's study looks at how...”可知，本段旨在告诉我们Hahn的研究和以前的研究的区别。故选B。 3．What did Hahn's team do for the study? A．They adapted a character and created five stories. B．They tested different moral principles in children. C．They created a chain story out of an old character. D．They illustrated the study for younger participants. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，Hahn的团队为这项研究改编了一个人物，创作了五个故事版本。故选A。 4．Where does this passage probably come from? A．A textbook. B．A social report. C．A medical report. D．An education magazine. 解析：选D。文章出处题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，故事中的良好道德在塑造青少年价值观方面有重要作用，是有关青少年的道德教育，故可能出自一本教育杂志。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每题2分，共30分) Everyone has an unforgettable memory.Early when I was very small, my family was very poor.I often did some odd jobs to make money.One day I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked 1 she needed me to clean the yard.She asked why I was not in 2 and I showed her my worn 3 ，which no longer kept me warm.She allowed me to work in the yard.When I finished, she looked at me and said, “I suppose you want to be 4 now.” She then 5 a jar (罐子) filled with dollar bills and said，“I'm glad you've done a 6 job today but that is not something you should be doing again.I want you to 7 new clothes and get back to school.I also want you to come back to 8 me with your report card and I will reward you when I see you have worked hard and have some good 9 ．Now reach out your little hands and take out as much 10 as you can.” I put my hands in the jar and 11 so much money that it was 12 for me to buy what I badly needed.Later, I returned several times to see the woman and she did just as she 13 ．She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and some delicious food every time I 14 her that I had an “A”． I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighbourhood.I will never forget the huge 15 this wonderful lady made over my life with her kindness. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到了上学的年纪却因为家境贫寒不得不给邻居打零工挣零花钱，在一次帮助邻居老太太打扫院子时，她了解到作者的情况，用善举帮助作者走进了校园，改变了作者的一生。 1． A．how B．when C．why D．if 解析：选D。考查连词词义辨析。句意：一天，我敲了一位老妇人的门，问她是否需要我打扫院子。how如何；when什么时候；why为什么；if是否。根据下文“She allowed me to work in the yard.”可知，作者问老人是否需要打扫院子。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词表示“是否”。故选D。 2． A．school B．time C．trouble D．bed 解析：选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：她问我为什么没去学校，我给她看了我那件破旧到已经不能为我保暖的外套。school学校；time时间；trouble麻烦；bed床。根据“I want you to 7 new clothes and get back to school.”可知，此处是信息词school的原词复现。故选A。 3． A．bag B．glasses C．coat D．sofa 解析：选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。bag包；glasses眼镜；coat外套；sofa沙发。根据“which no longer kept me warm”可知，作者给老太太看自己破旧的外套。故选C。 4． A．punished B．tested C．praised D．paid 解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我打扫完后，她看着我说：“我猜你现在想要得到报酬。”punished惩罚；tested测试；praised赞美；paid支付。根据“a jar (罐子) filled with dollar bills”可知，作者完成了打扫工作，老人要支付报酬。故选D。 5． A．set up B．took out C．talked about D．put away 解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后她拿出一个装满钞票的罐子，说：“我很高兴你今天干得不错，但你不应该再干这种事了。”set up建立，创立；took out拿出；talked about谈论；put away把……收起来。根据“When I finished, she looked at me and said，‘I suppose you want to be 4 now.’”可知，此处表示拿出一个装满钞票的罐子来支付报酬。故选B。 6． A．boring B．low C．fine D．terrible 解析：选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。boring无聊的；low低的；fine好的；terrible可怕的。根据“I'm glad”可知，老人夸奖作者做得不错。故选C。 7． A．keep B．buy C．remove D．make 解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我要你去买新衣服，然后回学校。keep保持；buy买；remove移除；make制作。根据上文“I showed her my worn 3 ”可知，看到作者的破旧外套，老太太让作者买新衣服。故选B。 8． A．visit B．forgive C．welcome D．serve 解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还希望你带着成绩单回来看我，当我看到你努力学习并取得好成绩时，我会奖励你的。visit拜访；forgive原谅；welcome欢迎；serve服务。根据“Later, I returned several times to see the woman”可知，老太太让作者带着成绩单来看她。故选A。 9． A．goals B．stories C．marks D．ideas 解析：选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。goals目标；stories故事；marks成绩；ideas主意。根据下文“that I had an ‘A’”可知，老太太让作者带着成绩单来看她。故选C。 10．A．room B．money C．food D．time 解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在伸出你的小手，尽可能多地拿出钱来。room房间；money钱；food食物；time时间。根据上文“a jar (罐子) filled with dollar bills”可知，罐子里都是钱。故选B。 11．A．grabbed B．lost C．borrowed D．charged 解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把手放进罐子里，抓了如此多的钱，以至于足够我买我急需的东西了。grabbed抓住；lost丢失；borrowed借；charged收费，充电。根据“I put my hands in the jar”可知，作者用手抓了很多钱。故选A。 12．A．rare B．enough C．simple D．special 解析：选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。rare罕见的；enough足够的；simple简单的；special特别的。根据“so much money”和“for me to buy what I badly needed”可知，作者抓了足够买东西的钱。故选B。 13．A．guessed B．wanted C．pretended D．promised 解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我又去看了那位女士几次，她照她承诺的做了。guessed猜；wanted想要；pretended假装；promised承诺。根据上文“I also want you to come back to 8 me with your report card and I will reward you when I see you have worked hard and have some good 9 ”可知，老太太按照自己的承诺，每次看到作者取得好成绩都会给予奖励。故选D。 14．A．asked B．required C．showed D．wrote 解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：她看了看我的成绩单，每次我给她看我得了“A”，她就给我一把美元和一些美味的食物。asked问；required要求；showed展示；wrote写。根据“when I see you have worked hard and have some good 9 ”可知，此处表示作者向她展示自己的成绩。故选C。 15．A．decision B．progress C．mistake D．difference 解析：选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记这位了不起的女士用她的善良给我的生活带来的巨大影响。decision决定；progress进步；mistake错误；difference不同。根据“with her kindness”可知，此处表示老太太用自己的善良影响了作者的一生。make the difference为固定短语，意为“有影响”。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1分，共10分) My name is Lulu.I am a Hungarian student, 1. (study) history at Tsinghua University.When I first came to Beijing, I immediately fell in love with the city.My favorite place 2. (walk) around is the Hutongs, because they are the perfect example of how the old meets the new.You can find old buildings 3. people still live.They are in the same condition as they were for 4. (decade).But you can also find new cafes, which are perfect places to study and relax. Besides, my greatest passion (热衷的爱好) is Peking Opera.The first time I saw Peking Opera was in 5. opera museum.I 6. (find) it really amazing.The clothing was impressive, and the movements were so pleasing.Later, I started learning more about Peking Opera after I joined Peking Opera Club at school.I realized that it is much more than the looks.There's a really huge cultural and 7. (history) background. Art has no boundaries 8. music has no language barriers.As an international student, I can appreciate 9. and enjoy the beauty of Peking Opera.I hope I can share this passion with people outside China.Cultural 10. (diverse) makes us move forward and if we treat it with openness, it will take us on an unbelievable journey. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了作者对中国文化尤其是京剧的喜爱。 1．解析：studying。考查非谓语动词。句意：我是一名来自匈牙利的学生，在清华大学学习历史。分析可知，此处无连词连接，为非谓语动词，动词study和主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词作状语。故填studying。 2．解析：to walk。考查非谓语动词。句意：我最喜欢逛的地方是胡同，因为它是新旧交融的完美典范。分析可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“我最喜欢逛的地方”。故填to walk。 3．解析：where。考查定语从句。句意：你可以找到仍有人居住的老建筑。分析可知，此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为buildings，关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 4．解析：decades。考查名词复数。句意：他们的状况与过去几十年一样。此处可数名词decade前面没有冠词限定，结合句意，应用其复数形式作介词宾语。故填decades。 5．解析：an。考查冠词。句意：我第一次看京剧是在一个戏曲博物馆。后文单数可数名词museum为泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。所连接的单词opera发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 6．解析：found。考查时态。句意：我发现它真的很神奇。根据前后文和句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填found。 7．解析：historical。考查形容词。句意：京剧背后有非常丰富的文化和历史背景。根据后文名词background可知，此处应用其形容词作定语修饰名词。故填historical。 8．解析：and。考查连词。句意：艺术没有国界，音乐没有语言障碍。前文“Art has no boundaries”和后文“music has no language barriers”之间是并列关系。故填and。 9．解析：it。考查代词。句意：作为一名国际学生，我可以欣赏京剧，享受京剧的美。根据句意可知，此处应用代词it指代前文提到的事物Peking Opera。故填it。 10．解析：diversity。考查名词。句意：文化多样性使我们前进，如果我们以开放的态度对待它，它将带我们踏上一段不可思议的旅程。分析句子可知，此处应用其名词形式diversity(意为“多样性”不可数)作主语，故填diversity。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$