Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language Last week，①attracted by a particular article in a magazine，Anne bought it on the spot.Three days ago，to complete her homework quickly，she copied part of the article without thinking.Her teacher was very satisfied with her homework.②Praised in class，she felt happy as well as ashamed.Then，the teacher wanted to enter her homework into a writing competition. ③Shocked by the decision，Anne did not know what to do.If she told the truth，the whole class would look down on her.If she kept silent，maybe no one would ever find out.What should Anne do？ 1．文中加黑部分是过去分词短语在句中作状语。 2．过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语，主语与分词之间是被动关系。 3．过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可表示原因(如加黑部分①③)、时间(如加黑部分②)、让步、方式、条件、伴随等。 4．过去分词(短语)作状语可转变为相应的状语从句。 过去分词(短语)作状语 过去分词是分词的一种。过去分词作状语，相当于状语从句或并列句；通常情况下，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，与主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系；该动作表示被动、完成。过去分词作状语可位于句首、句末，有时置于句中，用逗号和主句分开。 一、过去分词作状语的主要用法 1．过去分词作时间状语，相当于when或while等引导的时间状语从句。 Asked (＝When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head. 当被问到发生了什么事情的时候，他低下了头。 2．过去分词作原因状语，可转换为because, as或since等引导的原因状语从句。 Frightened (＝Because/As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. 由于受到老虎的惊吓，这个女孩不敢一个人睡觉。 3．过去分词作条件状语，可转换为once, if或unless等引导的条件状语从句。 ①Grown (＝If they are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果被种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 ②Given (＝If we were given) more time, we could do it better. 如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以把它做得更好。 4．过去分词作让步状语，可转换为though，although或even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Left (＝Although he was left) at home alone, John didn't feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点儿都不害怕。 5．过去分词作状语表示方式、伴随动作或状态，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。 ①The teacher entered the classroom，(and he was) followed by a group of students. 这位老师进入教室，一群学生紧随其后。 ②Surrounded by some kids, the old man was telling an interesting story. ＝The old man was surrounded by some kids and was telling an interesting story. 老人身边围着几个孩子，他正在讲一个有趣的故事。 ————即学即练1———— 写出下列句中加黑部分充当的状语类型 ①Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.原因状语 ②Time，used correctly，is money in the bank.条件状语 ③Considered from this point of view, the question under discussion is of great importance.条件状语 ④Seated at the table，my father and I were talking about my job.方式状语 二、过去分词作状语需要注意的问题 1．状语从句改为过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时还可保留连词when, while, if, though, although等，构成“连词＋过去分词(短语)”结构，在句中作状语。 When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 做体检时，你应该保持镇静。 2．过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别 一般说来，过去分词作状语，和句子主语之间是被动关系；现在分词作状语，和句子主语之间是主动关系。请比较： ①Seen from the top of the tower, our city looks more beautiful. 从塔顶上看，我们的城市更漂亮。(主语our city和see之间是被动关系) ②Seeing from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of our city. 从塔顶上看，我们可以饱览城市的美景。(主语we和see之间是主动关系) 3．过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语必须保持一致，请体会下列例句： Asked why she was late, her face went red.(×) Asked why she was late, she went red in the face.(√) 当被问及迟到的原因时，她涨红了脸。 4．部分过去分词(短语)作状语时往往不强调被动关系，而强调状态，其前不用being。 常见的有disappointed，excited，surprised等形容词化的过去分词以及seated(坐着)，hidden(躲着)，lost in(陷入某种状态，来自be lost in)，absorbed in(专心致志于，来自be absorbed in)，dressed in(穿着，来自be dressed in)，tired of(厌烦，来自be tired of)，faced with(面对，来自be faced with)，devoted to(致力于，来自be devoted to)等。 5．过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；当放在主句的后面时，则前面用逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently，moved to tears. ＝Moved to tears，he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空 ①Completed (complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. ②Used (use) for a long time, the book looks old. ③Using (use) the book, I find it helpful for learning English. ④Seen (see) from the air，the Great Wall looks like a giant dragon. annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的；生气的 (1)be annoyed at/about 因……而烦恼；对某事感到恼怒 be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气；被某人惹恼 be annoyed to do sth. 因做某事而生气 be annoyed that... 因……而生气 (2)annoyance n．烦恼；令人烦恼的事物 to one's annoyance 令某人烦恼的是 (3)annoy v．使恼怒；使烦恼 annoying adj.使人烦恼的；使人讨厌的 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①Facing such an annoying problem，I was quite annoyed and my annoyance was beyond words.(annoy) ②老板对他很生气，因为他这个月经常上班迟到。(情感描写) The boss was annoyed with him because he was often late for work this month. ③发现他桌子上的东西被弄乱了，他很生气。 He was quite annoyed to find that his things on the desk had been disturbed. ④使他最恼火的是事后他没有得到任何道歉。 ④－1 What annoyed him most was that he had received no apology after the event. ④－2 Much to his annoyance, he had received no apology after the event. adjust v．适应，(使)习惯 (1)adjust...to... 调整……以适应…… adjust to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己适应(做)某事 (2)adjustment n．调整；适应 adjustable adj.可调节的 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Considering the surroundings，we made a few adjustments (adjust) to his plan. ②It took him quite a while to adjust to living (live) alone after his parents passed away. ③我正写信向您寻求一些如何适应新环境的建议。 (求助信) I am writing to ask you for some advice on how to adjust (myself) to the new surroundings. duty n．职责，义务；责任 be on duty 在值班 be off duty 不值班 a sense of duty 责任感 It's one's duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I came back late yesterday because I was on duty. ②我不希望你只是出于责任感才来看我。 I don't want you to visit me simply out of a sense of duty． ③我认为把这事报告给警方是我的责任。 I consider that it's my duty to report it to the police. accident n．意外事件，偶然因素；事故 by accident/chance 偶然地；意外地 on purpose/by design 故意地 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She arrived just as we were leaving，but I'm not sure whether this was by accident or on purpose. ②如果你和他开玩笑，他会认为你故意看不起他。(人物描写) If you joke with him, he'll think you're looking down on him on purpose/by design. forgive v．(forgave, forgiven)原谅，宽恕 (1)forgive sb.sth. 宽恕某人某事(后接双宾语) forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事 forgive and forget 既往不咎，得饶人处且饶人 (2)forgiveness n．原谅 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As soon as they said sorry to Henry for their rude behavior and asked for his forgiveness, Henry forgave them willingly.(forgive) ②我真诚地希望你能接受我的道歉，并原谅我逃课。(道歉信) I sincerely hope you can accept my apology and forgive me for my being absent from class. ③请原谅我的过错，我会记住这个教训的。(道歉信) Please forgive me my fault and I will remember this lesson. embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情 (1)to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是 (2)embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的 be embarrassed to do sth. 尴尬地做某事 be embarrassed about/at... 对……感到尴尬 (3)embarrass vt.使难堪；使尴尬 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He or she may also post embarrassing (embarrass) photos and information about those people.(选自人教B2U3) ②令她尴尬的是，她没能回答出老师上课提问的问题。(情感描写) To her embarrassment, she didn't answer the question raised by the teacher in class. ③这个男孩在前一周毁了菲利普的聚会，因而受到如此友善的对待不禁让他感到尴尬！(情感描写) The boy was embarrassed to be treated so kindly though he had ruined Philip's party the week before! (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每题1分，共8分) 1．His mother was annoyed with him for his telling a lie. 2．The embarrassed (embarrass) look on her face showed that she hadn't expected my arrival. 3．I know the weather is bad, so I forgive you for being late. 4．You sometimes hurt your friends by accident, but I'm sure you don't hurt them on purpose. 5．No matter what you have achieved, you have no reason to look down on/upon others. 6．The good thing about children is that they adjust themselves to new environments very easily. 7．I found the key by accident that I had lost last week when I was cleaning the room. 8．If you review only once a week, you will have a hard time remembering (remember) what you've learned. Ⅱ.链接写作——句型转换(省略句)(每题3分，共15分) 1．Children, when they are accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. →Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 2．Though he was absorbed in the interesting book, he still couldn't understand what it talked about. →Though absorbed in the interesting book, he still couldn't understand what it talked about. 3．He was sitting on a bench in the park, and he was lost in thought. →He was sitting on a bench in the park，lost in thought． 4．If it is used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. →If used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. 5．As she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. →Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits. Ⅲ.链接写作——完成语段(每题3分，共15分) Lin Yang had an unforgettable experience last year.1.Infected with serious disease (感染了严重疾病)，he was sent to hospital.2.Isolated and treated there (在那里隔离和治疗)，he was taken good care of.But as a senior 3 student，he couldn't devote himself to his study like his classmates.He often lay in bed, 3.worried (担忧)，which had a bad effect on his treatment.One day，his attending doctor came in，4.followed by another patient (后面跟着另外一个病人) with glasses.When 5.told that the patient was a teacher (被告知病人是一名教师) and he would help students like Lin Yang review their lessons，Lin Yang jumped with joy. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题3分，共12分) Think about that.If you are anything like me，you struggle to ask for help when you need it.It's something a lot of humans battle with.You don't want to be a burden on others.You are afraid to speak up，or want to prove that you can do it yourself. You don't ask for help when you don't know how to do something or can't manage it on your own，because you might be afraid of looking stupid or incompetent．You might pretend like you know what you're doing when you're really drowning.Perhaps you think asking for help is a sign of weakness；that if you ask for help you're admitting you're inadequate in some way；that you lack knowledge，skill or experience to do something yourself.You don't want anyone to see that you're struggling and you want people to think that you're in control and can handle things. There are tons of reasons you won't ask for help，but not to do so can be a mistake.You get in your own way if you make asking for help mean something negative about you when it doesn't. Asking for help doesn't mean you're stupid or inadequate.It simply means you need help with something specific for a time. Confident people often ask others for help.They do so not only because they're secure enough to let it be known they need help，but they know that trying to do everything themselves is not always the best use of their time，skills or energy.They recognize it can leave them feeling overwhelmed and stressed and then they can't do things properly.Confident people find someone who's good at what they need to learn or get done and then ask for their help and guidance.They know that asking “Can you help me？” shows respect for the other person's knowledge and abilities.Otherwise，they wouldn't ask. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了“害怕向别人求助”这种现象产生的原因，并鼓励大家遇到问题时勇敢求助。 1．What is the author's personality like? A．He shows great love to others. B．He hesitates to ask others for help. C．He looks down upon other people. D．He dislikes those who pretend to know. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，遇到需要向别人求助的问题时，作者会很挣扎，不想成为别人的负担。由此可推知，作者不太愿意向别人求助。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “incompetent” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Indifferent. B．Unqualified. C．Determined. D．Devoted. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“You don't ask for help when you don't know how to do something or can't manage it on your own，because you might be afraid of looking stupid or incompetent.”可知，incompetent与前面的stupid为并列关系，二者应语义相近。当你不知道如何处理某件事，而你独自又无法完成时，也不想向别人求助，因为你生怕看起来很蠢，或者说很无能。incompetent为形容词，表示“无能的、不称职的”，与unqualified为同义词。故选B。 3．What is quite natural for confident people? A．To offer help to other people. B．To respect others' abilities. C．To promote their abilities. D．To turn to others for help. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Confident people often ask others for help.”可知，自信的人经常向别人寻求帮助。故选D。 4．Through this text，what is the author trying to do? A．To advise us to learn more knowledge. B．To encourage us to bravely ask for help. C．To show our respect to the people around us. D．To encourage us to be more confident in our life. 解析：选B。写作意图题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段内容可知，作者认为向别人求助是很正常的，是在鼓励我们遇到困难时要勇敢地向别人求助。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每题2分，共30分) A few years ago, a friend gave me a restaurant gift card (代金卡).I picked a pretty Sunday afternoon to 1 it.It felt good to take my children to eat a nice sit­down meal instead of the fast food we 2 ate.The meal was delicious and we all had a good 3 just being together. When the waitress brought the 4 ， I found the gift card 5 covered all of it.When I took out my 6 ， I saw two notes in it.The first would cover the rest and give the waitress a tip.The second was much larger so I 7 the first one. At that moment I thought about the time when I was working as a waiter 30 years ago.It was long hours of hard work for low 8 .More than once I was counting my poor tips while being 9 about how I was going to pay the rent and buy necessities. I blinked (眨眼) and 10 to the present.I 11 the smaller note and gave the waitress the much larger note and the gift card.“You keep the 12 ，” I said with a smile and a 13 heart. We are all one 14 in this world.We live together, feel joy together and 15 together. Do our best to be kind and replace the suffering with joy. [语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者带孩子去餐馆就餐结账时，钱包里的两张纸币令作者想起了自己年轻时在餐馆当服务员的时光。作者深知这份工作的艰辛和不易。最后，为了能多给服务员一些小费，作者结账时还是选择了较大面额的那张纸币。 1． A．sign B．accept C．use D．send 解析：选C。根据上文的“restaurant gift card”以及“I picked a pretty Sunday afternoon”可知，作者去用这张代金卡。 2． A．first B．usually C．even D．also 解析：选B。根据空前的“It felt good to take my children to eat a nice sit­down meal”以及instead of可知，作者常带孩子去吃快餐。 3． A．time B．rest C．relationship D．performance 解析：选A。根据空前的“The meal was delicious”可知，这顿饭很美味，作者和孩子们在一起度过了开心的时光。 4． A．menu B．dish C．water D．bill 解析：选D。作者和孩子们用完餐了，服务员拿来了账单。 5． A．exactly B．nearly C．rarely D．certainly 解析：选B。根据下文的“...cover the rest...”可知，那张代金卡差不多够支付所有的费用，作者只需要支付超出的部分。 6． A．card B．phone C．coat D．wallet 解析：选D。根据空后的“I saw two notes in it”可知，作者发现钱包里有两张纸币。 7． A．bought B．packed C．chose D．found 解析：选C。根据空前的“The second was much larger”以及空后的“the first one”可知，第二张纸币面额大太多，所以作者选择了第一张纸币。 8． A．price B．pay C．risk D．speed 解析：选B。根据空前的“It was long hours of hard work”以及下句内容可知，服务员这份工作的工作时间长而且辛苦，但酬劳却很低。 9． A．sorry B．serious C．worried D．careful 解析：选C。根据空前的“my poor tips”可知，作者不止一次地一边数着少得可怜的小费，一边为如何付房租和买生活必需品而发愁。 10．A．returned B．turned C．led D．replied 解析：选A。根据上文作者的回忆可知，此处是指作者眨了眨眼睛，回过神来。 11．A．showed off B．took back C．paid out D．looked at 解析：选B。根据空后的“gave the waitress the much larger note”可知，作者把小面额的纸币收回，给服务员那张面额大得多的纸币。 12．A．path B．truth C．secret D．change 解析：选D。根据上文内容可知，作者选择了面额较大的那张纸币是为了能给服务员多留一些小费，所以作者对服务员说：“找回的钱你留着吧。” 13．A．light B．heavy C．broken D．big 解析：选A。根据空前的“I said with a smile”可知，作者对服务员说话时是笑着的，心情是轻松愉快的。 14．A．nation B．race C．state D．family 解析：选D。根据本空下一句内容可知，在这个世界上，我们都是一家人。 15．A．play B．stand C．suffer D．work 解析：选C。根据本空前的“feel joy together”以及下文的suffering可知，我们生活在一起，同甘共苦。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每题2分，共20分) For some time，I had been thinking that I wanted to do something to make strangers smile.I decided that I 1. (leave) small notes around shops and other public places with positive sayings or kind words for strangers 2. (find). A friend of Facebook posted that she had received a lot of beautiful paper 3. an artist friend and was wondering what to do with it.I told her about my idea，and she 4. (immediate) said that this must be what her paper was meant for. So two friends on opposite sides of the world started leaving these random notes of 5. (kind).I leave my notes without 6. (expect) any particular results.It doesn't matter whether they are read 7. thrown away.The main thing is that I did this act. I now carry around a notebook where I write down lovely and 8. (inspire) phrases that I find.And I buy packs of post­its (便利贴) to write notes on whenever I see 9. opportunity to make a stranger smile.I only leave the notes when I am in a happy mood，as I don't want pass any negative energy onto someone else. I sign them all saying that this note is left for you by a stranger to make 10. smile.Then，I add a heart. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在自己心情愉悦时会随手写下积极的、鼓励的话，留给陌生人，希望能给陌生人带来快乐的故事。 1．解析：would leave。考查动词的时态。根据句中“decided”可知，描述过去的事情，且结合句意，作者留下小纸条这一动作发生在将来，所以宾语从句应用过去将来时。故填would leave。 2．解析：to find。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用不定式的复合结构作定语。故填to find。 3．解析：from。考查介词。receive sth.from sb.表示“从某人那里得到某物”。故填from。 4．解析：immediately。考查副词。空处修饰动词said，应用副词形式作状语。故填immediately。 5．解析：kindness。考查名词。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词kindness，表示“友善”。故填kindness。 6．解析：expecting。考查非谓语动词。空前出现介词without，所以空处应用动名词作介词without的宾语。故填expecting。 7．解析：or。考查连词。句意：它们是被阅读还是被扔掉都无关紧要。结合语意，此处为固定搭配whether...or...“无论……还是……”。故填or。 8．解析：inspiring。考查形容词。空处修饰名词phrases，应用形容词形式作定语，inspiring是形容词，表示“鼓舞人心的”。故填inspiring。 9．解析：an。考查冠词。此处表示泛指一个让陌生人微笑的机会，空处应用不定冠词，opportunity是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。 10．解析：you。考查代词。根据句意可知，空处应用代词的宾格形式you作动词make的宾语。故填you。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$