专题05 说明文阅读20篇（名校模拟+地区真题）-冲刺2025年中考英语必考题型终极预测（山东专用）

冲刺2025年中考英语必考题型终极预测（山东专用） 专题05 说明文阅读20篇（名校模拟+地区真题） 基础篇 （2025·山东济南·一模）Are kids getting too much praise? Too much praise may be doing kids more harm than good. A cover story in Scholastic Instructor magazine asks whether kids today are over-praised. The concern is that while trying to build up kids’ confidence, parents are paying little attention to kids’ real goals and achievements. In a recent study, eighth graders in Korea and the United States were asked whether they were good at math. Among the American students, 39 percent said they were excellent at math, compared to just 6 percent of the Korean eighth graders. But the reality was somewhat different. The Korean kids scored far better than the over-confident American students. The disadvantage of too much praise is that kids may start to focus on the reward rather than what they are learning. Worse, when a student fails, whose confidence comes from a blind sense of achievement rather than his or her actual abilities, the result can be devastating (毁灭性的). This doesn’t mean we shouldn’t praise our kids or that teachers shouldn’t try to build up their students’ self-confidence. But self-confidence should be the result of good grades and real achievements, not empty praise from others. Last month, Cognitive Daily reported that parents and teachers should be specific rather than general when they offer praise. An example of general praise is telling a child, “You’re smart.” Specific praise would be to say, “You did a good job on reading.” or “You did great on your math test.” Kids who receive general praise about their abilities are more likely to show “helpless” behavior when they meet with problems with learning, compared with kids who receive specific praise about their achievement on a task. The reason: a child who knows she’s a smart girl feels defeated (挫败的) if she has trouble reading a sentence. But a child who has been told she is a good reader is more likely to have confidence in that specific ability and work a little harder to deal with a more difficult book. 1．What can we learn from the study of the eighth graders in Paragraph 2? A．American students are over-praised. B．Over-confident students may achieve less. C．Korean students are much smarter. D．Most students are not interested in math. 2．According to Paragraph 3, kids’ self-confidence should come from_________. A．teachers’ love and support B．what they get from parents C．a blind sense of achievement D．what they are able to do well 3．Which of the following best explains “specific” underlined in Paragraph 4? A．Exact. B．Careful. C．Scientific. D．Professional. 4．What will kids getting general praise do in the face of problems with learning? A．Ask others for advice. B．Probably give up easily. C．Work them out alone. D．Work harder than before. 5．In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read the text? A．Travel. B．Business. C．Education. D．Energy. （2025·山东聊城·模拟预测）The Internet has been around for many years, but it was the invention of the World Wide Web that made it really useful to people. Together, the Internet and the World Wide Web have changed the world. The Internet was invented by the US government in the 1960s, for the army to use. In the 1970s,scientists and business people also wanted to use the Internet to send and received messages. For some years, people could only send very simple texts. They could not send photos or documents by the Internet. That changed in 1991, when a British scientist named Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web allows people to send various types of files, such as texts, photos and videos by the Internet, so more and more people started to use it in the 1990s. Today, the Web has hundreds of millions of users. It has changed the way people live, work and play. Through the Internet,email allows us to communicate nearly instantly with people thousands of miles away. People and businesses use e-commerce and online shopping to buy and sell things across the world. The Web also makes people’s lives easier because now many things can be done from home, twenty-four hours a day. The Web can help you do research for your homework, so that you do not need to go to the library. You can use Internet banking, instead of going to the bank. And, of course, people just “surf the Web” when they want to relax. Technology changes quickly, and it is hard to imagine what the future of the Internet and the Web will be. But it seems impossible to imagine life without them. 1．The invention of ________ made the Internet really useful to people. A．the World Wide Web B．the US government C．the army D．the files 2．Choose the right order by the timeline. ①Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. ②The US government created the Internet mainly for the army. ③Scientists and businessmen began to use the Internet to exchange information. ④The World Wide Web has hundreds of millions of users. A．①②④③ B．②③①④ C．②①③④ D．④②③① 3．Which of the following is NOT true? A．Everyone can use the Web now. B．The US government invented the Internet. C．People in the army can use the Internet in the 1960s. D．The Internet is the same as the World Wide Web. 4．Paragraph 4 mainly talks about ________. A．how to use the Web B．how the Internet was invented C．how to change the Internet D．how the Web makes everyone’s life easier 5．The best title for the passage is “ ________ ”. A．The history of the Internet B．The World Wide Web C．The Internet and the Web D．The future of the Internet （2025·山东泰安·模拟预测） According to the country’s space experts, China is developing a new carrier rocket and manned spacecraft now . The new carrier rocket is called Long March-10. It is mainly developed to achieve the goal to land astronauts on the moon by 2030, said Rong Yi, a rocket expert . The Long March-10 uses liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and kerosene (煤油) as propellants (推进剂). It has a total length of about 92 meters, a takeoff weight of about 2,187 tonnes, a takeoff thrust (推力) of about 2,678 tonnes, and a carrying capacity of no less than 27 tonnes for the Earth-moon transfer orbit (转换轨道) . The Long March-10 is expected to prepare for its first flight in 2027, said Rong in a recent interview. Of course, the new rocket can also send astronauts and cargo (货物) to the space station . The new manned spacecraft is also a support for China to land astronauts on the moon by 2030. It can meet the needs of near-Earth and deep space missions (任务). According to an expert, the spacecraft can carry three astronauts. It is mainly used to send astronauts to orbit around the moon and return to Earth. Unlike the three-module Shenzhou spacecraft, the new spacecraft has two parts. One is the return capsule (舱), which is the command center of the whole spacecraft and the living quarters for the astronauts. The other is the service module, which is the energy and power center. The structure makes the spaceship have more reusable parts. 1．What’s the purpose of developing the new carrier rocket? A．To explore the Mars. B．To prepare for moon landing. C．To finish a secret space mission. D．To send cargo to the space station. 2．How much does the new rocket weigh when it begins to take off? A．About 92 tonnes. B．About 2,187 tonnes. C．About 2,678 tonnes. D．No less than 27 tonnes. 3．The new spaceship has a ______ structure. A．two-module B．three-module C．four-module D．five-module 4．What’s the passage mainly about? ① Long March -10.               ② The space station. ③ The new spacecraft.            ④ The space missions. A．①④ B．②③ C．②④ D．①③ （24-25九年级下·山东日照·阶段练习）Do you have a goal you want to achieve before your next birthday? Or by the end of the next ten years, perhaps? We often hear about the importance of setting goals. We may think of these goals as the key to our happiness—achieve them and everything will be perfect. But have you ever reached a goal and instead of feeling happy, you’ve thought, “Is that it?” Or, “Now what?” That feeling has a name. It’s called “arrival fallacy” the illusion (错觉) that reaching our goals will bring us lasting happiness. Whether it’s a new job, owning your dream home or anything else—there might be some initial (最初的) joy, but if you’re experiencing arrival fallacy, that may be followed by emptiness and pressure to achieve something new. So why does this happen? Is achieving our goals is enough to make us happy? Not always. According to experts, we might be overestimating (高估) the happiness that such achievements will bring. And social scientist Adam Dorr says we often make the mistake of imagining our goal as a fixed object, when really it’s just part of life. But Ben Shahar adds that arrival fallacy doesn't mean we shouldn’t set goals — in fact, we need them to help give our lives focus. They just don’t need to be put on pedestals (基座). As well as large things, our goals should include many small things, like helping out more around the house or spending more time with family. Small but important goals that don’t just “end”. If we really want to beat arrival fallacy, we also have to work out what makes us happy. And in surveys, spending quality time with people we care about is Often number one for happiness. Even if we do have clear career goals, experts remind us to think about enjoying the journey too—and not just the destination (目的地). 1．What is the main idea of “arrival fallacy”? A．Achieving goals always leads to long-term happiness. B．The belief that success will bring lasting happiness is an illusion. C．Small goals are more important than big ones. D．People should avoid setting goals to prevent disappointment. 2．According to Adam Dorr, why do people feel empty after achieving a goal? A．They set too many small goals. B．They view goals as fixed objects rather than part of life. C．They ignore the importance of social relationships. D．They focus only on helping others. 3．The word “fallacy” in “arrival fallacy” most likely means ________. A．a logical truth B．a scientific discovery C．a mistaken belief D．a temporary feeling 4．How does the author explain the idea of “arrival fallacy”? A．By comparing different types of energy. B．By using examples like jobs and dream homes. C．By listing historical events. D．By judging social media. 5．What advice does the passage give to avoid arrival fallacy? A．Stop setting goals completely. B．Focus only on the destination. C．Value small, ongoing goals in life. D．Ignore family and personal relationships. （24-25九年级下·山东济南·阶段练习）Hundreds of baby emperor penguins (帝企鹅) jumped off a 15-meter cliff (悬崖), as high as a five-story building. This scene was filmed by drones (无人机) in January at Atka Bay, Antarctica. These videos were shown as part of a documentary series called Secrets of the Penguins. This jump seems brave but could be lethal to these young penguins. According to National Geographic, emperor penguins usually raise their babies on sea ice platforms (平台). When these fledglings (幼鸟) are 5 months old, they lose their baby feathers and grow adult feathers, which are waterproof. Not long after, the babies have to begin their first swim in the ocean to hunt (打猎) for themselves. So they just need to jump from the sea ice, which is less than a meter high. However, the fast-melting (融化1． In February 2023, the total area of sea ice reached a record low of 1.91 million square kilometers. “Emperors need sea ice for their raising their young, it’s the stable (稳定的) platform they use to bring up their young,” Peter Fretwell from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), UK’s national polar research institute, told the BBC． If the ice platform melts or breaks apart before emperor penguin babies develop their waterproof (keep dry in water) feathers, they are more likely to drown (溺水) or freeze to death. For this reason, emperor penguins are now choosing to raise their babies on the ice shelf, which is firmly connected to the land. As a result, babies must face the challenge of jumping off a high cliff. Michelle LaRue, a scientist at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, told National Geographic that when the baby penguins reach the cliff face, they seem to think, “This doesn't look like a fun jump, but I guess I have to do it.” Alarmingly, according to Live Science, the decrease (减少) in the ice has caused thousands of emperor penguin babies to die in West Antarctica in 2022. That may force more emperors to make their nests on ice shelves, said Fretwell. “It’s heartbreaking to think that the whole species (物种) may be gone if climate change continues on the path at the moment,” he added. 1．What does the underlined word “lethal” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Dangerous. B．Helpful. C．Unusual. D．Boring. 2．Why do emperor penguin babies jump off cliffs? A．They want to travel across the ocean to the other side. B．They are trying to avoid being caught by other animals. C．They are celebrating getting their adult feathers which are waterproof. D．They have no other way to enter the water to find their own food. 3．What causes emperor penguins to raise their young on ice shelves? A．Rising sea levels. B．The rapid melting of sea ice. C．More available food for the babies. D．Bigger size of ice shelves. 4．What is the main worry that Fretwell had about emperor penguins? A．They takes less time to raise babies. B．Their skill in finding food on their own. C．The chance that they might disappear forever. D．Their growing need for frozen ocean water. 5．How does the author organize the information in the article? A．By comparing emperor penguins to other animals. B．By describing a problem and explaining its causes and effects. C．By listing the steps emperor penguins take to raise their young. D．By providing a timeline of events in Antarctica. （24-25九年级下·山东济南·阶段练习）Air pollution, such as smog (雾霾), has become a serious problem around the world. Besides wearing a mask, what else can we do to protect ourselves from the dirty air? Scientists have developed a new inhaler (吸入剂) that can reduce the effect that air pollution has on people. It could help millions of people who are suffering from air pollution, The Guardian reports. This inhaler is developed by German company Bitop and contains a molecule (分子) named Ectoine. The molecule creates a layer (涂层) that protects lungs (肺部) from polluted air. It’s reported that the inhaler will be affordable to most people when it comes to market. Air pollution kills more than three million people a year worldwide and leads to health problems like lung and heart disease and strokes (中风), according to a 2015 research project in the journal Nature. It is also linked to brain disease, mental illness and diabetes (糖尿病). Andreas Bilstein at Bitop believes that the inhaler could be useful around the world, because air pollution is not just a European problem. For example, although China has made great efforts to deal with air pollution, some Chinese cities still suffer from smog from time to time. However, such inhalers should never be an excuse for not trying to stop air pollution, said Professor Jean Krutmann at the Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine. “The best thing is that we have clean, air and we don’t need any prophylactic (预防性的) treatment,” he said. In conclusion, while the new. In hater offers a way to protect our lungs from polluted air, it is important to remember that the best solution is to reduce air pollution itself. We should all work together to keep our air clean and healthy for everyone. 1．What is the main purpose of the new inhaler? A．To help protect the environment. B．To make the dirty air clean again. C．To make, masks work better in smog. D．To help reduce the harm of air pollution. 2．How does the inhaler work? A．By creating a layer in the nose and mouth. B．By breaking air pollutants into molecules. C．By forming a protective layer in the lungs with Ectoine. D．By covering mouths and noses. 3．What does Paragraph 4 show about air pollution? A．Mental illnesses are mainly caused by it. B．It affects just a small group of people. C．It can lead to many health problems. D．It is more serious than it was in 2015. 4．Why does Andreas Bilstein think the inhaler is useful all over the world? A．The inhaler can be easily produced worldwide. B．Air pollution is more serious in European countries. C．There is hardly a way to deal with air pollution. D．Air pollution happens in many parts of the world. 5．What is Professor Jean Krutmann’s opinion? A．The new inhalers don’t mean much to people. B．We should take measures to control air pollution. C．we can depend on inhalers to solve air pollution problems. D．We’d better invent more medicines to improve treatment. （24-25九年级下·山东日照·阶段练习）Hydrogen (氢气) burns cleanly and produces a lot of energy, but producing hydrogen would create pollution. Now, scientists say there may be large amounts of natural hydrogen — “white hydrogen”. Most hydrogen atoms (原子) are joined to other atoms. Separating hydrogen from other atoms takes energy. Until recently, that energy mainly came from fossil fuels (化石燃料) . Hydrogen may be a “clean” fuel, but it is not so clean when it’s made with fossil fuels. Energy experts give hydrogen different names depending on how it was made. Hydrogen made with fossil fuels is often called “black hydrogen” or “brown hydrogen”. What is made with renewable (可再生的) energy is “green hydrogen”. But making green hydrogen is much more expensive. That’s where white hydrogen comes in. It is made by the Earth’s natural processes and lies deep underground. Scientists have long known about white hydrogen. But the idea that there might be a lot of it and that it could be collected is new. The first big discovery of white hydrogen came in Mali, Africa. A well that was being dug for water caught on fire. Scientists later discovered that what caused the fire was hydrogen. That well is now powering a nearby village. Recently, two scientists in France were testing deep underground in northeastern France, trying to find out how much natural gas was there. As they went deeper, they got a surprise. At 1,250 meters, 20% of the underground gas was hydrogen. The scientists believe they may have found the world’s largest source (来源) of natural hydrogen. Companies in several countries are now working hard looking for white hydrogen. Many scientists think it could be an important part of the world’s future energy supply. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The pollution. B．The hydrogen. C．A special atom. D．A fossil fuel. 2．What can we know about white hydrogen? A．It is a completely new idea for scientists. B．It is made with fossil fuels. C．It is less expensive than green hydrogen. D．It was first discovered in France. 3．What is hydrogen named after? A．The color that it takes on. B．The site where it’s found. C．The energy it will replace. D．The way it’s produced. 4．What made the two French scientists surprised? A．The first discovery of white hydrogen. B．The big fire caused by white hydrogen. C．The amount of underground white hydrogen. D．The place where they found white hydrogen. 5．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To compare some different kinds of energy. B．To introduce white hydrogen. C．To call on people to protect the Earth. D．To point out the importance of hydrogen. （24-25九年级下·山东聊城·开学考试）Nowadays there seems to be an app for everything. And mobile apps have been a part of our life. The following apps are part of the most popular apps. Ctrip can be the best helper when you feel it bard to buy the train or airline tickets. You can buy tickets anywhere at any time. Ximalaya Reading has millions of books including poems, short stories, novels and even fairy tales for children. What’s special about it is that you can use it to download book recording that can be listened to. It has more than 1 million valuable resources. Baby Bus is a very good friend for children under three years old. Kids can learn to speak, understand numbers and draw pictures with the help of this app. World Hero may help learn more English words while you’re playing games, so if you have problems remembering the new words when you learn English, use it. World of Tanks Blitz (坦克世界), a free-to-play online game with over 40 million downloads, brings quick-fire tank fights. “A lot of tanks, a lot of people and a lot of fun...” It will be the best choice to kill your time. 1．Ctrip is a useful app for ________. A．playing games B．learning English C．booking tickets D．drawing pictures 2．You can NOT know about________ from Ximalaya Reading. A．poems B．novels C．news D．fairy tales 3．To remember words in a fun way, ________ is a good choice. A．Ctrip B．World Heroes C．Baby Bus     D．World of Tanks Blitz 4．World of Tanks Blitz has ________ downloads and it fits in people’s free time. A．more than 40 million B．less than 1 million C．more than 1 million D．less than 40 million 5．According to the information above ________. A．we can buy tickets from Ctrip only in the daytime B．we have to pay some money for World of Tanks Blitz C．we can’t use Ximalaya Reading to download book recording D．Peter, a 2-year-old boy, can learn to draw pictures with the help of Baby Bus （2025·山东济南·模拟预测） A Farewell (告别) Song Wang WeiNo dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain; The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green. I invite you to drink a cup of wine again; West of the Sunny Pass no more friends will be seen. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Friends are important in our lives, but we sometimes have to separate from our friends. A Farewell Song is about saying goodbye to a friend. It is a famous poem by Wang Wei, a great poet, who lived in the Tang Dynasty. He is good at writing poems and drawing. When talking about Wang Wei, people often say there are pictures in his poems and there are poems in his pictures. “No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain” “The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green”, a picture of silence and peace gets into our eyes. After the morning rain in spring, the road, the willows (柳树) and the hotel are completely different. The hotel looks green. The willows look fresh. Everything is nice, gentle and silent. Willow branches are considered as a typical symbol of farewell in China. In ancient times, Chinese people often used them as gifts when they said goodbye to their friends. “I invite you to drink a cup of wine again” is the poet’s warm and real way of not wanting to say goodbye to his friend. Having another drink together is like a symbol of their goodbye. Lastly, “West of the Sunny Pass no more friends will be seen” shows the feeling of being alone and missing someone. It also shows his sincere love and care for his friend. A Farewell Song creates a feeling of quiet sadness. It mixes beautiful pictures and human feelings to deeply express the common experience of saying goodbye. 1．Who lived in the same dynasty as Wang Wei? A．李清照 B．白居易 C．苏轼 D．袁枚 2．When did Wang Wei’s friend leave in the poem? A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn. D．In winter. 3．What is considered as a typical symbol of farewell in ancient China? A．The morning rain. B．The hotel. C．The willow branch. D．The fan. 4．Which of the following rhymes (押韵) is RIGHT for this poem? A．aa-bb. B．ab-ab. C．ab-cd. D．ab-ba. 5．What did Wang Wei want to show in this poem? A．To show his excitement after seeing his old friend. B．To show his joy before separating from his friend. C．To show a feeling of quiet sadness before farewell. D．To show his deep feelings with his friends and family. （2025·山东淄博·模拟预测） In ancient China, there was a tradition called shu xiu. People gave teachers dried salted meat as a gift to show their respect for teachers. At that time, people didn’t get to eat meat very often because it was expensive. It was so valuable that people could even trade it for other things. So giving teachers dried salted meat as a gift when children started school showed that ancient people respected teachers and valued education highly. The practice of shu xiu started over 2,000 years ago. And it lasted for many centuries until the Tang Dynasty. Over time, shu xiu took on different forms, and the meaning of it changed as well. Some people used it to refer to the money students paid for their education at school and even called a teacher’s salary (薪水) shu xiu. In modern times, teachers in China are still highly respected and valued, but the ways of showing thanks to them have changed. People no longer use shu xiu to refer to the money for school or a teacher’s salary. What’s more, giving teachers dried salted meat as a gift is not common practice anymore. Nowadays, students often give gifts like flowers and cards. However, the tradition of shu xiu remains an important part of Chinese history and culture, reminding us of the importance of education and indicating the history and tradition of respecting teachers. 1．Why did the ancient Chinese use dried salted meat to show their respect for teachers? A．Because it was healthy. B．Because it was delicious. C．Because it was valuable. D．Because it was popular. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The importance of shu xiu. B．The history of shu xiu. C．How shu xiu was started. D．Who practiced shu xiu. 3．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “indicating” in the last paragraph? A．Showing. B．Starting. C．Breaking. D．Challenging. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To explain an ancient tradition. B．To show his respect for teachers. C．To describe the value of education. D．To remind people of an old saying. （24-25九年级下·山东德州·开学考试） Now glasses have become a daily necessity for some of us. So what do you know about them? Nobody knows who made the first wearable eyeglasses, but experts say they appeared in Italy. Early eyeglasses were like magnifying glasses (放大镜). And most of them weren’t even made of glass! Instead, many early eyeglasses were made of quartz (石英). That’s because most glass at that time wasn’t clear, so it wouldn’t have worked well for eye-glasses. Eyeglasses didn’t look much like modern glasses until the 1700’s. That’s when people added car stems (支架) to hold the glasses on their faces. Glasses also became much more common around this time, probably because reading and writing became more popular. People didn’t start seeing eye doctors for glasses until the 1800s. In those days, people simply tried on different pairs of glasses until they found one that made them see better. Eye doctors changed all that. They gave people an eye test to see whether they needed a pair of glasses or not. One big change was bifocal (双光眼镜) in 1784. This made glasses help people see things that are both far away and very near. Different kinds of glasses have also appeared. Sunglasses are about as old as eyeglasses. People in China started wearing sunglasses in the 12th century. These early sunglasses were also made of quartz. Nowadays, many people also like to wear contact lenses (隐形眼镜), which were invented by a German in 1887. The first contact lenses were very uncomfortable to wear. However, today’s lenses are soft er and can be worn all day. However, you should always take your contact lenses out at night. Some people even like to wear glasses without lenses. These are called fashion glasses, and they come in many shapes and sizes to match everyone’s personal style. 1．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．What early glasses were made of. B．How early glasses were created. C．When glasses were first made. D．Who made the first set of glasses. 2．What might have made glasses more common in the 1700s? A．Wearing glasses made people look much better. B．More and more people liked reading and writing. C．Ear stems were used to keep glasses on people’s faces. D．People had better eyesight with the help of eye doctors. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about sunglasses? A．They first appeared in Italy. B．Early sunglasses were made of quartz. C．They were invented by a German. D．People wear them just to look good. 4．How many kinds of glasses are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How Did Glasses Develop B．Why Do People Wear Glasses C．What Kind of Glasses Will Suit You D．What was glasses made of （24-25九年级下·山东德州·开学考试） According to scientists, a lake with a round shape is very common. However, the lake named Kingsley in Florida, USA, makes them very surprised. Kingsley Lake is one of the best fishing spots in Florida, but few people know what really makes this place special is its unusually round shape. The lake is called the roundest lake in the world. In fact, we can only see how round the lake is from the air. What caused Kingsley Lake to have this special shape? Some people think human beings have changed the structure (结构) of Kingsley Lake so that it is unusually round. However, in fact, this lake is completely free from human activities. It is believed to have formed as a sinkhole (落水洞). It also appears that the lake is the result of the movement of rocks which gave the present shape of Kingsley Lake. Kingsley Lake has a diameter (直径) of about 3.2 kilometers. It is 53.7 meters above sea level, which makes Kingsley Lake one of the highest lakes in Florida. Kingsley Lake is about 27.4 meters deep and it is also considered one of Florida’s deepest lakes. According to the survey, Kingsley Lake has an unchanging water level because of its surface drainage (排水) system. This system helps the floodwater easily run from the lake to the areas around. In addition, the lake has many shallow (浅的) water areas, so it can be filled with water again in no time, creating the balance of the water in the lake. Kingsley Lake is now a famous tourist destination (目的地) in summer. Each year, it attracts about 120,000 tourists. It also provides home for a lot of endangered animals. 1．Why do scientists feel surprised when they see Kingsley Lake? A．Because it looks so beautiful. B．Because it is a good fishing spot. C．Because it is a tourist destination. D．Because it has quite a round shape. 2．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The reason why Kingsley Lake is unusually round. B．The influence which human activities have caused. C．The present shape given by the movement of rocks. D．The data（数据） people must know about the lake. 3．What makes the lake’s water level always stay the same? ① The good drainage system. ② The 27.4-meter depth. ③ The shallow water areas.  ④ The 3.2-kilometer diameter. A．①② B．②③ C．①③ D．③④ 4．Which of the following is TRUE about Kingsley Lake? A．It’s a natural lake. B．It’s a man-made lake. C．It’s the world’s deepest lake. D．It’s the highest lake in the USA． 5．What’s the writer’s purpose to write the passage? A．To introduce a lake with a special shape. B．To call on more people to protect the lake. C．To attract more tourists to Kingsley Lake. D．To describe the beauty of Kingsley Lake. 培优篇 （24-25九年级下·山东济南·阶段练习）These days, people were cheered by the news that the Spring Festival and its practices were added to UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The next day, Thursday, December 5,2024, the following items were also. added: Traditional Li textile techniques spinning (纺纱), dyeing (染色), weaving (织布) and embroidering (刺绣), the Qiang New Year festival, and the traditional design and practices for building Chinese wooden arch bridges. Different from the Spring Festival, these items were once on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding because they were at risk of disappearing. Now, thanks to effective protection efforts, they have been moved to the new list. The Li textile techniques have beautiful and natural patterns which show the unique art style of the Li people. The Qiang New Year festival is an important celebration for the Qiang ethnic group. However, fewer people celebrated it over time, making its protection very urgent. The Chinese wooden arch bridges, built using traditional tools and techniques, have also faced challenges due -to rapid urbanization (城市化)。 Experts say protecting intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is about protecting our culture. ICH is often a part of daily life and carries important cultural values. For example, traditions like Li textile techniques and the Qiang festival not only pass down history but also teach meaningful practices. China has made great efforts to protect its ICH. These efforts are not just for China but also to share its culture with the world. As one expert said, cultural heritage belongs not only to us but to future generations. Protecting ICH makes sure that these traditions stay alive and continue to connect people across the world. 1．How many items were added to UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Wednesday? A．1 B．4 C．7 D．8 2．What is the difference between the Spring Festival and other ICH mentioned in the passage? A．The Spring Festival is celebrated around the world. B．Other items needed protecting immediately. C．The Spring Festival has more cultural value than the other ICH items. D．The other ICH items were recently discovered. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Li textile techniques show the unique art style of the Han people. B．The reason why Li textile techniques are at risk-is not mentioned. C．Over time, fewer and fewer people celebrate the Qiang New Year festival. D．In the city, we can see wooden arch bridges, here and there. 4．What does the underlined word “carries” probably mean? A．Brings B．Holds C．Loses D．Supports 5．What is the meaning of protecting the ICH? A．To protect cultural traditions and bring people together globally. B．To strengthen national confidence. C．To strengthen cultural confidence D．To learn from the cultural traditions. （24-25九年级上·山东枣庄·期末）Have you ever imagined being able to communicate with your pet at home and let them understand everything you say? It sounds too good to be true, but scientists have started using artificial intelligence (AI) to help communicate with animals. AI allows humans to use technology to watch and understand the sounds and signals (信号) animals use so we can try to speak back to them. Professor Karen Bakker said that AI is already helping humans communicate with bats (蝙蝠) and bees. This could change what we know about nature and our non-human relationships. Bakker said AI helped decode (解码) recordings of animals talking to one another. She said trying to communicate in their language could be better than to teach them to use human sign language. Bakker explained how scientist Yossi Yoyel had used recordings and AI to understand bats. “Bats argue over food; they communicate differently between genders (性别) ; they have their names or ‘signature calls’,” she said. “But unlike human mothers who raise their voices when talking to babies, mother bats lower the voice.” A computer can be trained to listen like a bat, but this can never be done with the human ear. With bees, the computer both listens and watches the bees’ body movement to understand what they are communicating. “When bees ‘speak’ to one another, they use body movements, as well as the sounds, to communicate,” Bakker said. She said scientists now know how bees say things such as “hush (be quiet)” or “stop”. Scientist Tim Landgraf even created a robot bee that entered a hive (蜂巢) and it was able to communicate to other bees when it wanted them to stop doing something or fly. So, are you looking forward to communicating with animals one day? 1．Why does the writer mention bats and bees? A．To give a direction of the future study. B．To show the achievements scientists have got. C．To doubt the findings scientist have reported. D．To change people’s opinions about the two animals. 2．What is the fifth paragraph mainly about? A．Scientists’ ways of communicating with bats. B．Differences between bats and humans in communication. C．Scientists’ findings about communication between bats through AI. D．Advantages of communicating with animals in their language. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Bees mostly use sound to communicate with others. B．Scientists have already understood a bit of bees’ language. C．Bees’ body movements are very difficult to understand. D．Scientists have made a real bee to communicate with other bees. （24-25九年级上·山东聊城·期末）Most of us spend all day at school or work. After a long and busy day, all we want to do is return to a comfortable home. Smart technology can turn any home into a nice place to live. Smart homes have been around for some time. Scottish company Pico Electronics invented a type of technology called X10 in 1975. It allows household devices (家用设备), such as lights and alarms, to communicate with each other by using radio waves (无线电波), according to AVSystemsMag, a specialized magazine in the audiovisual (AV，视听的) and automation industry. Of course, 5G network connectivity has made smart homes much more sophisticated (复杂的巧妙) than X10. Perhaps the most widespread smart home technology is the voice-activated assistant (语音激活助手). Google Home and Amazon’s Alexa allow users to interact with nearly any device in their home simply by speaking a few words. This is especially convenient for children and people with physical disabilities, as they can finish tasks that would normally be too difficult, according to How-To Geek. Common household appliances (家用电器) can become “smart” as well. For example, a smart trash bin can keep track of the things you’ve thrown away and place an online order for new items, while smart refrigerators can create dinner recipes (菜谱) based on the vegetables that are being kept inside, according to HowStuffWorks. But it’s not just about convenience. Smart homes are also good for the environment. By regularly checking your energy use and automatically (自动地) turning off lights and other devices that you’re not using, smart homes can lower so much electricity you use overall. Using less energy means that we use fewer natural resources, which is good for the environment. 1．X10 technology allows household devices to communicate by ________. A．using lights B．using voices C．using radio waves D．connecting to the 5G network 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Voice-activated assistants. B．How smart homes are built. C．The difference between X10 and 5G technologies. D．Technologies designed for children and the disabled. 3．How are smart homes good for the environment? A．They use recyclable household appliances. B．They are built with special materials. C．They have smart trash bins. D．They help us save energy. 4．Which of the advantages is NOT mentioned about smart homes? A．Comfortable. B．Convenient. C．Energy-saving. D．Relaxing. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Smart homes in the future B．A perfect home C．Live a smart life D．The city of tomorrow （24-25九年级上·山东济南·期末）Scientists at Stanford University have found a way to make the skin (皮肤) of living mice turn clear by rubbing (擦) a common yellow food dye (染料) called tartrazine (柠檬黄) on the mouse’s skin. The discovery could one day help doctors see inside human bodies without cutting them open. The scientists mixed tartrazine with water to make the liquid. When they tested this mixture on very thin slices of chicken, the chicken began to turn clear. Next, the researchers decided to try the coloring on the skin of living mice. First they got the hair out of the way. Then, they rubbed the liquid on the skin of the mice. In just a few minutes, the skin of the mice became see-through. Using the liquid, the scientists were able to see inside a mouse’s brain. When the liquid was washed off, the skin returned to normal. To understand how the new discovery works, it’s helpful to think about how light travels through different materials. Light travels in a straight line, unless it runs into something. Then, it usually bends (弯曲). Glass is easy to see through because light only takes a slight bend when it goes through the glass. But skin isn’t like glass. Skin is made of many different parts, like water, fat and so on. These different materials make it hard to see through skin. Tartrazine makes the watery parts of the skin more like the other areas. When the light mostly bends the same way, the skin becomes see-through. Guosong Hong, one of the leaders of the research, says that if something similar could be made to work on humans, it could lead to exciting medical development. The scientists say more work needs to be done before a similar method can be used on humans. The dye only works on thin skin, and human skin is much thicker than the skin of mice. 1．What did the scientists find at Stanford University? A．A way to treat skin problems. B．A way to make the mice grow quickly. C．A way to help doctors cut human bodies open. D．A way to make the skin of living mice become clear. 2．How was the result of the test according to paragraph 2? A．Unexpected. B．Meaningless. C．Incorrect. D．Successful. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How light travels through glass. B．The importance of tartrazine. C．How tartrazine makes the skin see-through. D．The difference between skin and glass. 4．What is the value of the research at Stanford University? A．It’s only useful for animal skin studies. B．It could improve medical study. C．It helps understand light and materials better. D．It provides a way to make glass bend. 5．In which part of the newspaper can you find the text? A．Science. B．Sport. C．Culture. D．History. （24-25九年级上·山东德州·期末） Chinese culture has great attraction for people both at home and abroad. We have seen many people from around the world express their love for Chinese culture in different forms. A growing number of foreigners have even, chosen to live in China for its culture. Interested in Chinese classical literature, Canadian artist Brandon Collins-Green or Lin Buran in Chinese expresses his understanding of A Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin and Chinese poems through thousands of paintings. Often painting throughout the night, he has created more than 4,200 works. Living alone in the center of Nanchang, he has come a long way since he first came here in 2015 to study ancient Chinese literature. Brandon loves learning about the lifestyle of ancient Chinese people. “So far, I have read the novel three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles (谜语), and dialogues into English, and completed over 1 million words of articles and 2,000 related paintings during my PhD studies,” said Brandon with pride and satisfaction. Timur Kuvatov, director-general and editor-in-chief of the Kazakhstan Today News Agency, is a Chinese kung fu fan. He has won kung fu championships a lot of times and also served as a coach for the Kazakhstan kung fu team. “Chinese kung fu is a treasure of Chinese culture. It is not just a sport but also reflects the Chinese way of dealing with people, their understanding of life, nature and the world,” he said. Vincent Cazeneuve, known as Wensen Qi in Chinese, is a French artist devoted to lacquer (漆器) creation. He came to live in Chongqing in 2009. His works have been shown in art institutions both in and outside of China, and his fans have even collected some of them. What is the charm of Chinese culture that attracts these people? It lies in its richness and openness. Also its cultural background differences make foreigners curious about the lifestyles, way of thinking, and values of the country. 1．What has Brandon done to express his love for Chinese culture? A．He has created many famous Chinese poems. B．He has decided to move to China with his friends. C．He has written thousands of Chinese lantern riddles. D．He has translated part of Cao Xueqin’s novel into English. 2．What does Timur Kuvatov think of Chinese kung fu? A．It is only a popular sport in China. B．It has nothing to do with Chinese culture. C．It is too difficult for foreigners to learn. D．It is a treasure showing the wisdom of the Chinese. 3．Which of the following is true about Vincent Cazeneuve? A．He came to live in China in 2019. B．His works are only shown in China. C．He is famous for his lacquer creations. D．He focuses on teaching art in Chongqing. 4．What does the writer express through the stories of Brandon, Timur and Vincent? A．Chinese names are more attractive to foreigners. B．The influence of Chinese art proves greater abroad. C．Chinese culture is getting popular around the world. D．China is an ideal country for people from abroad to live. 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．New Look of Traditional Chinese Culture B．Charm of Chinese Culture in Foreigners’ Eyes C．Development of Chinese Culture in the West D．Culture Differences Between the East and West （24-25九年级上·山东德州·期末） On a sunny day, hundreds of volunteers arrived at the Yangtze River in Yichang, Hubei province. The workers on board of a special ship nearby was about to release about 230,000 Chinese sturgeons (中华鲟) back into the waterway, where the fish naturally lay theır eggs. The event’s organizer, the CTGC (China Three Gorges Corporation), also supports a research center to make sure such releases are successful. Set up in 1982, the center’s job is to monitor the level of biodiversity (生物多样性) in the waters near the dam, the world’s largest hydropower facility (水力发电设备). The sturgeon-releasing event was part, of a long-running effort to protect the Yangtze River’s ecosystem. The Chinese sturgeon is known for its hard, protective scale (鳞甲). People call it a “living fossil” (活化石) because its long history and physical characteristics which have remained almost unchanged over millions of years. But sadly, because of overfishing, pollution, and the effects of dam, the wild sturgeon population in China has dropped to dangerously low levels. In response, people have held more release events and put more effort into breeding (繁殖) more of the fish. These release events are easier said than done, however. In the early days, the survival rate of freed sturgeons was quite low. Jiang Wei, an engineer at the research center, said that in 1985 the people who did this job before him started to study how to breed sturgeon, but there weren’t any books or information about it at that time. Over the next 10 years, they found the key factors affecting the well-being of young fish, such as food, water temperature and quality, and did experiments to prevent diseases. “By 1995, the body length of the released fish had reached more than 30 centimeters, and more of them survived in the wild.” said Jiang. Thanks to their continued efforts,21 million endangered fish have been released into the Yangtze since the CTGC was set up about 30 years ago, according to data provided by the organization. This is a great achievement in protecting the river’s weak ecosystem. 1．What happened near the Yangtze River in Yichang, Hubei Province? A．Some surgeons laying their eggs. B．Several workers cleaning the river. C．230,000 Chinese sturgeons being released. D．A meeting about water life variety being held. 2．How does the CTGC help protect the river and its animals? A．It makes sure no one fishes too much. B．It builds a big dam to make electricity. C．It helps to clean up the never every year. D．It offers a place to keep an eye on water life. 3．Why is the Chinese sturgeon called a “living fossil”? A．It helps protect the Yangtze River’s ecosystem. B．It has hard and protective scale. C．It is the biggest fish in the Yangtze. D．It has a long and almost unchanged history. 4．What’s the main challenge for the releasing event at first? A．The lack of information and resources on sturgeon farming. B．The high cost of breeding and releasing sturgeon into the wild. C．The unwillingness of local communities to support the project. D．The bad effects of pollution and dams on the river’s ecosystem. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．A plan for protecting the Chinese sturgeon. B．Water-based electricity production in the area. C．The reasons to protect the Yangtze River’s ecosystem. D．Volunteer work to help clean up the Yangtze River. （24-25九年级上·山东德州·期末） Made-in-China products were really great at the 2024 Paris Olympics! High-tech products helped athletes do their best. For example, the table tennis table is amazing. When you touch it, it feels like smooth ice because of a special high-tech material. There are chips (芯片) in the table that can show colorful lights. They make a cool atmosphere for athletes when they come in and after matches. The table tennis balls are also made in China. There are 35,000 balls. Before they go to Paris, they have to pass 15 checks, like checking if they are round, hard enough, the right weight and have good elasticity (弹力). Only a few balls out of every 100 are chosen for the Olympics. Sports equipment for things like wrestling, boxing, judo, cycling and gymnastics is from China too. In beach volleyball, tennis, judo and other events, a special technology called “bullet time” lets audiences see replays more clearly. The wrestling and judo mats are from China. For the first time, there are smart chips in the mats. These chips can tell how strong and fast athletes are when they move. And people saw really cool things like drones, fireworks and LED screens from China. On July 14, there was a fireworks and lighting show in Paris to celebrate the Olympic flame coming. There were 1,100 drones from China. And more than 50 good LED screens for the Paris Olympics are from China. Made-in-China products are popular outside the sports fields too. About 80% of the dolls of the mascot “Phryges are from China, and there are also cheering sticks and Olympic souvenirs.” 1．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．high-tech materials B．chips C．colorful lights D．athletes 2．What is special about the table tennis balls made in China for the 2024 Paris Olympics? A．They are the hardest table tennis balls. B．They are all chosen for the Olympics. C．They can change color during the game. D．They have to pass strict quality checks. 3．Why is the “bullet time” technology used in the 2024 Paris Olympics? A．Because it can help athletes train better. B．Because it lets audience see replays more clearly. C．Because it can help judges make faster decisions. D．Because it can help coaches analyze the matches. 4．What percentage of the “Phryge” dolls are from China? A．About 50%. B．About 60%. C．About 80%. D．About 90%. 5．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Only sports equipment made in China is used in the 2024 Paris Olympics. B．The 2024 Paris Olympics mainly uses Chinese products for cost-saving reasons. C．Chinese products are of high quality and play important roles in the 2024 Paris Olympics. D．Made-in-China products are only popular for their appearance in the 2024 Paris Olympics. （24-25九年级上·山东济南·期末）Has a person ever warmly held a door open for you? How do you feel after playing with friends? And what would you say is your favourite family memory? These questions have one thing in common: they’re all about connecting with people. “Let’s Connect” is the theme of this year’s Children’s Mental (心理的) Health Week. It improves mental health by building healthy social connections. Humans naturally connect with others, whether that’s family, friends or people in our community. Healthy connections give people energy and support—we all need people to celebrate and share our worries with. Social connections aren’t just about mental health; they improve physical health too, helping us to live a long life. Research suggests being lonely can slowly harm your health. Humans’ need for connection is different from person to person, but what’s important is not how many relationships you have, but how good your relationships are. Then how to connect with others? “You can reach out and connect with people in so many different ways,” says Julia Clements of Place2Be, the organizer behind Children’s Mental Health Week. You can connect in person or online, with your friends, parents, teachers or classmates. It’s not just people, either. “Some people feel connected with their pets or in nature,” says Clements. She advises making time to build more connections through actions as well as words. Being kind, listening to others and trying new experiences are all good tools. Everybody may feel lonely sometimes and refuse to talk to others. Keep in mind that connections change—some become stronger, while others stop. “Remember that there are always people that care for you,” advises Clements. She says it’s important to tell someone you trust about how you are feeling, or safe organizations such as Childline or Shout. They can help, whether you’re looking to form new connections or repair a strained (紧张) relationship that is important to you. 1．The writer uses three questions in the beginning to ________. A．express worries about humans B．lead into the topic C．introduce health problems D．interest readers in family memory 2．Paragraph 2 is mainly about the ________ of connecting with others. A．ways B．popularity C．importance D．rules 3．Clements may agree that ________. A．it is better to connect with pets than people B．using words is the best way to build connections C．people should only communicate with others face to face D．talking to others can be helpful to a lonely person 4．The passage is most probably written for ________. A．teachers B．parents C．children D．doctors 5．What is the text mainly about? A．How do you refuse to talk to others? B．What should you do when you feel lonely? C．Being lonely isn’t good for your health. D．Healthy social connections can improve health. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 冲刺2025年中考英语必考题型终极预测（山东专用） 专题05 说明文阅读20篇（名校模拟+地区真题） 基础篇 （2025·山东济南·一模）Are kids getting too much praise? Too much praise may be doing kids more harm than good. A cover story in Scholastic Instructor magazine asks whether kids today are over-praised. The concern is that while trying to build up kids’ confidence, parents are paying little attention to kids’ real goals and achievements. In a recent study, eighth graders in Korea and the United States were asked whether they were good at math. Among the American students, 39 percent said they were excellent at math, compared to just 6 percent of the Korean eighth graders. But the reality was somewhat different. The Korean kids scored far better than the over-confident American students. The disadvantage of too much praise is that kids may start to focus on the reward rather than what they are learning. Worse, when a student fails, whose confidence comes from a blind sense of achievement rather than his or her actual abilities, the result can be devastating (毁灭性的). This doesn’t mean we shouldn’t praise our kids or that teachers shouldn’t try to build up their students’ self-confidence. But self-confidence should be the result of good grades and real achievements, not empty praise from others. Last month, Cognitive Daily reported that parents and teachers should be specific rather than general when they offer praise. An example of general praise is telling a child, “You’re smart.” Specific praise would be to say, “You did a good job on reading.” or “You did great on your math test.” Kids who receive general praise about their abilities are more likely to show “helpless” behavior when they meet with problems with learning, compared with kids who receive specific praise about their achievement on a task. The reason: a child who knows she’s a smart girl feels defeated (挫败的) if she has trouble reading a sentence. But a child who has been told she is a good reader is more likely to have confidence in that specific ability and work a little harder to deal with a more difficult book. 1．What can we learn from the study of the eighth graders in Paragraph 2? A．American students are over-praised. B．Over-confident students may achieve less. C．Korean students are much smarter. D．Most students are not interested in math. 2．According to Paragraph 3, kids’ self-confidence should come from_________. A．teachers’ love and support B．what they get from parents C．a blind sense of achievement D．what they are able to do well 3．Which of the following best explains “specific” underlined in Paragraph 4? A．Exact. B．Careful. C．Scientific. D．Professional. 4．What will kids getting general praise do in the face of problems with learning? A．Ask others for advice. B．Probably give up easily. C．Work them out alone. D．Work harder than before. 5．In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read the text? A．Travel. B．Business. C．Education. D．Energy. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲过多的表扬可能对孩子弊大于利，自信应该来自好成绩和真正的成就，而不是来自别人空洞的赞扬。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Among the American students, 39 percent said they were excellent at math, compared to just 6 percent of the Korean eighth graders. But the reality was somewhat different. The Korean kids scored far better than the over-confident American students.”可知，美国学生中过于自信，但分数并没有韩国学生好。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But self-confidence should be the result of good grades and real achievements, not empty praise from others.”可知，自信应该来自好成绩和真正的成就，即他们能做好什么。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Specific praise would be to say, ‘You did a good job on reading.’ or ‘You did great on your math test.’”可知，“你在阅读方面做得很好”或者“你数学考试考得很好”，这应是属于具体的赞扬，所以划线部分的含义是“具体的”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“Kids who receive general praise about their abilities are more likely to show ‘helpless’ behavior when they meet with problems with learning”以及“The reason: a child who knows she’s a smart girl feels defeated (挫败的) if she has trouble reading a sentence.”可知，当孩子们遇到学习问题时，他们的能力得到普遍赞扬的孩子们更有可能表现出“无助”的行为，会感到挫败，可推知，面对学习上的问题，得到普遍赞扬的孩子会很可能轻易放弃。故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文主要讲过多的表扬可能对孩子弊大于利，自信应该来自好成绩和真正的成就，而不是来自别人空洞的赞扬，属于教育范畴。故选C。 （2025·山东聊城·模拟预测）The Internet has been around for many years, but it was the invention of the World Wide Web that made it really useful to people. Together, the Internet and the World Wide Web have changed the world. The Internet was invented by the US government in the 1960s, for the army to use. In the 1970s,scientists and business people also wanted to use the Internet to send and received messages. For some years, people could only send very simple texts. They could not send photos or documents by the Internet. That changed in 1991, when a British scientist named Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web allows people to send various types of files, such as texts, photos and videos by the Internet, so more and more people started to use it in the 1990s. Today, the Web has hundreds of millions of users. It has changed the way people live, work and play. Through the Internet,email allows us to communicate nearly instantly with people thousands of miles away. People and businesses use e-commerce and online shopping to buy and sell things across the world. The Web also makes people’s lives easier because now many things can be done from home, twenty-four hours a day. The Web can help you do research for your homework, so that you do not need to go to the library. You can use Internet banking, instead of going to the bank. And, of course, people just “surf the Web” when they want to relax. Technology changes quickly, and it is hard to imagine what the future of the Internet and the Web will be. But it seems impossible to imagine life without them. 1．The invention of ________ made the Internet really useful to people. A．the World Wide Web B．the US government C．the army D．the files 2．Choose the right order by the timeline. ①Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. ②The US government created the Internet mainly for the army. ③Scientists and businessmen began to use the Internet to exchange information. ④The World Wide Web has hundreds of millions of users. A．①②④③ B．②③①④ C．②①③④ D．④②③① 3．Which of the following is NOT true? A．Everyone can use the Web now. B．The US government invented the Internet. C．People in the army can use the Internet in the 1960s. D．The Internet is the same as the World Wide Web. 4．Paragraph 4 mainly talks about ________. A．how to use the Web B．how the Internet was invented C．how to change the Internet D．how the Web makes everyone’s life easier 5．The best title for the passage is “ ________ ”. A．The history of the Internet B．The World Wide Web C．The Internet and the Web D．The future of the Internet 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了互联网和万维网的历史、区别及影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Internet has been around for many years, but it was the invention of the World Wide Web that made it really useful to people.”可知，万维网的发明使互联网真正普及。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The Internet was invented by the US government in the 1960s, for the army to use. In the 1970s, scientists and business people also wanted to use the Internet to send and received messages.…That changed in 1991, when a British scientist named Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.…Today, the Web has hundreds of millions of users.”可知，互联网在20世纪60年代由美国政府发明，为军队所用，②排第一；在70年代，科学家和商人开始使用互联网收发信息，③排第二；在1991年，Tim Berners-Lee发明了万维网，①排第三；现在，万维网有数亿用户，④排第四。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“The Internet has been around for many years, but it was the invention of the World Wide Web that made it really useful to people.”可知，网络存在多年，但万维网的出现才使它对人们真正有用，说明两者不一样。故选D。 4．段落大意题。第四段列举了万维网如何简化生活，如电子邮件、在线购物、居家办公等，核心是“使生活更便捷”。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕互联网和万维网的历史、区别及影响展开。选项C“互联网网和万维网”作为标题最为合适。故选C。 （2025·山东泰安·模拟预测） According to the country’s space experts, China is developing a new carrier rocket and manned spacecraft now . The new carrier rocket is called Long March-10. It is mainly developed to achieve the goal to land astronauts on the moon by 2030, said Rong Yi, a rocket expert . The Long March-10 uses liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and kerosene (煤油) as propellants (推进剂). It has a total length of about 92 meters, a takeoff weight of about 2,187 tonnes, a takeoff thrust (推力) of about 2,678 tonnes, and a carrying capacity of no less than 27 tonnes for the Earth-moon transfer orbit (转换轨道) . The Long March-10 is expected to prepare for its first flight in 2027, said Rong in a recent interview. Of course, the new rocket can also send astronauts and cargo (货物) to the space station . The new manned spacecraft is also a support for China to land astronauts on the moon by 2030. It can meet the needs of near-Earth and deep space missions (任务). According to an expert, the spacecraft can carry three astronauts. It is mainly used to send astronauts to orbit around the moon and return to Earth. Unlike the three-module Shenzhou spacecraft, the new spacecraft has two parts. One is the return capsule (舱), which is the command center of the whole spacecraft and the living quarters for the astronauts. The other is the service module, which is the energy and power center. The structure makes the spaceship have more reusable parts. 1．What’s the purpose of developing the new carrier rocket? A．To explore the Mars. B．To prepare for moon landing. C．To finish a secret space mission. D．To send cargo to the space station. 2．How much does the new rocket weigh when it begins to take off? A．About 92 tonnes. B．About 2,187 tonnes. C．About 2,678 tonnes. D．No less than 27 tonnes. 3．The new spaceship has a ______ structure. A．two-module B．three-module C．four-module D．five-module 4．What’s the passage mainly about? ① Long March -10.               ② The space station. ③ The new spacecraft.            ④ The space missions. A．①④ B．②③ C．②④ D．①③ 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国正在开发的新型运载火箭“长征十号”以及新型载人飞船的相关信息，包括其目的、技术参数、结构特点等。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It is mainly developed to achieve the goal to land astronauts on the moon by 2030, said Rong Yi, a rocket expert.”可知，开发新型运载火箭的主要目的是为实现2030年前将宇航员送上月球的目标。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It has a total length of about 92 meters, a takeoff weight of about 2,187 tonnes, a takeoff thrust of about 2,678 tonnes, and a carrying capacity of no less than 27 tonnes for the Earth-moon transfer orbit.”可知，新型火箭的起飞重量约为2,187吨。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Unlike the three-module Shenzhou spacecraft, the new spacecraft has two parts.”可知，新型飞船采用了两部分结构。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“According to the country’s space experts, China is developing a new carrier rocket and manned spacecraft now.”、“The new carrier rocket is called Long March-10.”及“The new manned spacecraft is also a support for China to land astronauts on the moon by 2030.”可知，文章主要介绍了“长征十号”运载火箭和新型载人飞船的相关信息，①和③是文章的主要内容。故选D。 （24-25九年级下·山东日照·阶段练习）Do you have a goal you want to achieve before your next birthday? Or by the end of the next ten years, perhaps? We often hear about the importance of setting goals. We may think of these goals as the key to our happiness—achieve them and everything will be perfect. But have you ever reached a goal and instead of feeling happy, you’ve thought, “Is that it?” Or, “Now what?” That feeling has a name. It’s called “arrival fallacy” the illusion (错觉) that reaching our goals will bring us lasting happiness. Whether it’s a new job, owning your dream home or anything else—there might be some initial (最初的) joy, but if you’re experiencing arrival fallacy, that may be followed by emptiness and pressure to achieve something new. So why does this happen? Is achieving our goals is enough to make us happy? Not always. According to experts, we might be overestimating (高估) the happiness that such achievements will bring. And social scientist Adam Dorr says we often make the mistake of imagining our goal as a fixed object, when really it’s just part of life. But Ben Shahar adds that arrival fallacy doesn't mean we shouldn’t set goals — in fact, we need them to help give our lives focus. They just don’t need to be put on pedestals (基座). As well as large things, our goals should include many small things, like helping out more around the house or spending more time with family. Small but important goals that don’t just “end”. If we really want to beat arrival fallacy, we also have to work out what makes us happy. And in surveys, spending quality time with people we care about is Often number one for happiness. Even if we do have clear career goals, experts remind us to think about enjoying the journey too—and not just the destination (目的地). 1．What is the main idea of “arrival fallacy”? A．Achieving goals always leads to long-term happiness. B．The belief that success will bring lasting happiness is an illusion. C．Small goals are more important than big ones. D．People should avoid setting goals to prevent disappointment. 2．According to Adam Dorr, why do people feel empty after achieving a goal? A．They set too many small goals. B．They view goals as fixed objects rather than part of life. C．They ignore the importance of social relationships. D．They focus only on helping others. 3．The word “fallacy” in “arrival fallacy” most likely means ________. A．a logical truth B．a scientific discovery C．a mistaken belief D．a temporary feeling 4．How does the author explain the idea of “arrival fallacy”? A．By comparing different types of energy. B．By using examples like jobs and dream homes. C．By listing historical events. D．By judging social media. 5．What advice does the passage give to avoid arrival fallacy? A．Stop setting goals completely. B．Focus only on the destination. C．Value small, ongoing goals in life. D．Ignore family and personal relationships. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了“到达谬误”这一概念，即人们常常认为达到目标会带来持久的幸福感，但实际上这只是一种错觉。 1．细节理解题。根据“That feeling has a name. It’s called ‘arrival fallacy’ the illusion (错觉) that reaching our goals will bring us lasting happiness.”可知，“arrival fallacy”是指认为达到目标会带来持久幸福的错觉。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“And social scientist Adam Dorr says we often make the mistake of imagining our goal as a fixed object, when really it’s just part of life.”可知，Adam Dorr认为人们常常把目标想象成一个固定的物体，而实际上它只是生活的一部分，因此达到目标后会感到空虚。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“That feeling has a name. It’s called ‘arrival fallacy’ the illusion (错觉) that reaching our goals will bring us lasting happiness.”可知，“arrival fallacy”是指达到目标会带来持久幸福的错觉，因此“fallacy”在这里的意思是“错误的信念”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Whether it’s a new job, owning your dream home or anything else—there might be some initial (最初的) joy, but if you’re experiencing arrival fallacy, that may be followed by emptiness and pressure to achieve something new.”可知，作者通过举例子，如新工作、梦想中的房子等，来解释“arrival fallacy”的概念。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“As well as large things, our goals should include many small things, like helping out more around the house or spending more time with family. Small but important goals that don’t just ‘end’.”可知，为了避免“arrival fallacy”，文章建议重视生活中持续的小目标。故选C。 （24-25九年级下·山东济南·阶段练习）Hundreds of baby emperor penguins (帝企鹅) jumped off a 15-meter cliff (悬崖), as high as a five-story building. This scene was filmed by drones (无人机) in January at Atka Bay, Antarctica. These videos were shown as part of a documentary series called Secrets of the Penguins. This jump seems brave but could be lethal to these young penguins. According to National Geographic, emperor penguins usually raise their babies on sea ice platforms (平台). When these fledglings (幼鸟) are 5 months old, they lose their baby feathers and grow adult feathers, which are waterproof. Not long after, the babies have to begin their first swim in the ocean to hunt (打猎) for themselves. So they just need to jump from the sea ice, which is less than a meter high. However, the fast-melting (融化1． In February 2023, the total area of sea ice reached a record low of 1.91 million square kilometers. “Emperors need sea ice for their raising their young, it’s the stable (稳定的) platform they use to bring up their young,” Peter Fretwell from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), UK’s national polar research institute, told the BBC． If the ice platform melts or breaks apart before emperor penguin babies develop their waterproof (keep dry in water) feathers, they are more likely to drown (溺水) or freeze to death. For this reason, emperor penguins are now choosing to raise their babies on the ice shelf, which is firmly connected to the land. As a result, babies must face the challenge of jumping off a high cliff. Michelle LaRue, a scientist at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, told National Geographic that when the baby penguins reach the cliff face, they seem to think, “This doesn't look like a fun jump, but I guess I have to do it.” Alarmingly, according to Live Science, the decrease (减少) in the ice has caused thousands of emperor penguin babies to die in West Antarctica in 2022. That may force more emperors to make their nests on ice shelves, said Fretwell. “It’s heartbreaking to think that the whole species (物种) may be gone if climate change continues on the path at the moment,” he added. 1．What does the underlined word “lethal” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Dangerous. B．Helpful. C．Unusual. D．Boring. 2．Why do emperor penguin babies jump off cliffs? A．They want to travel across the ocean to the other side. B．They are trying to avoid being caught by other animals. C．They are celebrating getting their adult feathers which are waterproof. D．They have no other way to enter the water to find their own food. 3．What causes emperor penguins to raise their young on ice shelves? A．Rising sea levels. B．The rapid melting of sea ice. C．More available food for the babies. D．Bigger size of ice shelves. 4．What is the main worry that Fretwell had about emperor penguins? A．They takes less time to raise babies. B．Their skill in finding food on their own. C．The chance that they might disappear forever. D．Their growing need for frozen ocean water. 5．How does the author organize the information in the article? A．By comparing emperor penguins to other animals. B．By describing a problem and explaining its causes and effects. C．By listing the steps emperor penguins take to raise their young. D．By providing a timeline of events in Antarctica. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文讲述了由于南极海冰快速融化，年幼的帝企鹅被迫从高悬崖跳入海中，这对它们来说是危险的。海冰的减少迫使帝企鹅在冰架上抚养幼鸟，导致雏鸟面临生存挑战。科学家们担心，如果气候变化持续，帝企鹅这一物种可能会消失。 1．词义猜测题。根据“This jump seems brave but could be lethal to these young penguins.”可知，前后句意是转折关系，前一句说这样跳似乎是勇敢的，后一句表示转折，再根据“Hundreds of baby emperor penguins (帝企鹅) jumped off a 15-meter cliff (悬崖), as high as a five-story building.”可推断这个高度对年幼的企鹅是很危险的，由此推测划线词与“dangerous”意思相近。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Not long after, the babies have to begin their first swim in the ocean to hunt (打猎) for themselves. So they just need to jump from the sea ice, which is less than a meter high.”可知，年幼的企鹅跳下悬崖是因为没有其他方式进入水中捕猎。故选D。 3． 细节理解题。根据“However, the fast-melting (融化) ice in Antarctica changes the situation. The Antarctic summer sea ice has dropped a lot since 2016”和“If the ice platform melts or  breaks apart before emperor penguin babies develop their waterproof  (keep dry in water) feathers, they are more likely to drown (溺水) or freeze to death. For this reason, emperor penguins are now choosing to raise their babies on the ice shelf”可知，快速融化的海冰迫使帝企鹅在冰架上抚养它们的孩子。故选B。 4． 细节理解题。根据“It’s heartbreaking to think that the whole species (物种) may be gone if climate change continues on the path at the moment”可知，Fretwell 担心的是帝企鹅物种可能会消失。故选C。 5．推理判断题。首先提出一个问题：帝企鹅幼鸟从高崖跳下；然后解释问题的原因：冰层融化；最后讨论问题的影响：幼鸟死亡和物种灭绝。选项B“通过描述一个问题并解释其原因和影响。”符合文章信息安排。故选B。 （24-25九年级下·山东济南·阶段练习）Air pollution, such as smog (雾霾), has become a serious problem around the world. Besides wearing a mask, what else can we do to protect ourselves from the dirty air? Scientists have developed a new inhaler (吸入剂) that can reduce the effect that air pollution has on people. It could help millions of people who are suffering from air pollution, The Guardian reports. This inhaler is developed by German company Bitop and contains a molecule (分子) named Ectoine. The molecule creates a layer (涂层) that protects lungs (肺部) from polluted air. It’s reported that the inhaler will be affordable to most people when it comes to market. Air pollution kills more than three million people a year worldwide and leads to health problems like lung and heart disease and strokes (中风), according to a 2015 research project in the journal Nature. It is also linked to brain disease, mental illness and diabetes (糖尿病). Andreas Bilstein at Bitop believes that the inhaler could be useful around the world, because air pollution is not just a European problem. For example, although China has made great efforts to deal with air pollution, some Chinese cities still suffer from smog from time to time. However, such inhalers should never be an excuse for not trying to stop air pollution, said Professor Jean Krutmann at the Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine. “The best thing is that we have clean, air and we don’t need any prophylactic (预防性的) treatment,” he said. In conclusion, while the new. In hater offers a way to protect our lungs from polluted air, it is important to remember that the best solution is to reduce air pollution itself. We should all work together to keep our air clean and healthy for everyone. 1．What is the main purpose of the new inhaler? A．To help protect the environment. B．To make the dirty air clean again. C．To make, masks work better in smog. D．To help reduce the harm of air pollution. 2．How does the inhaler work? A．By creating a layer in the nose and mouth. B．By breaking air pollutants into molecules. C．By forming a protective layer in the lungs with Ectoine. D．By covering mouths and noses. 3．What does Paragraph 4 show about air pollution? A．Mental illnesses are mainly caused by it. B．It affects just a small group of people. C．It can lead to many health problems. D．It is more serious than it was in 2015. 4．Why does Andreas Bilstein think the inhaler is useful all over the world? A．The inhaler can be easily produced worldwide. B．Air pollution is more serious in European countries. C．There is hardly a way to deal with air pollution. D．Air pollution happens in many parts of the world. 5．What is Professor Jean Krutmann’s opinion? A．The new inhalers don’t mean much to people. B．We should take measures to control air pollution. C．we can depend on inhalers to solve air pollution problems. D．We’d better invent more medicines to improve treatment. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了空气污染已成为全球性严重问题，并介绍了一种由德国公司Bitop开发的新型吸入剂。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists have developed a new inhaler (吸入剂) that can reduce the effect that air pollution has on people.”可知，这种新型吸入剂的主要目的是帮助减少空气污染对人体的危害。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“This inhaler is developed by German company Bitop and contains a molecule (分子) named Ectoine. The molecule creates a layer (涂层) that protects lungs (肺部) from polluted air.”可知，吸入剂通过Ectoine分子在肺部形成保护层来发挥作用。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Air pollution kills more than three million people a year worldwide and leads to health problems like lung and heart disease and strokes (中风), according to a 2015 research project in the journal Nature. It is also linked to brain disease, mental illness and diabetes (糖尿病)”可知，空气污染会导致许多健康问题。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Andreas Bilstein at Bitop believes that the inhaler could be useful around the world, because air pollution is not just a European problem.”可知，Andreas Bilstein 认为吸入剂在世界各地都有用，是因为空气污染不只是欧洲的问题，也就是在世界许多地方都存在空气污染。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“However, such inhalers should never be an excuse for not trying to stop air pollution, said Professor Jean Krutmann at the Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine. ‘The best thing is that we have clean air and we don’t need any prophylactic (预防性的) treatment,’ he said.”可知，Jean Krutmann教授认为吸入剂不应该成为不努力阻止空气污染的借口，最好的是有干净的空气，不需要任何预防性治疗，也就是我们应该采取措施控制空气污染。故选B。 （24-25九年级下·山东日照·阶段练习）Hydrogen (氢气) burns cleanly and produces a lot of energy, but producing hydrogen would create pollution. Now, scientists say there may be large amounts of natural hydrogen — “white hydrogen”. Most hydrogen atoms (原子) are joined to other atoms. Separating hydrogen from other atoms takes energy. Until recently, that energy mainly came from fossil fuels (化石燃料) . Hydrogen may be a “clean” fuel, but it is not so clean when it’s made with fossil fuels. Energy experts give hydrogen different names depending on how it was made. Hydrogen made with fossil fuels is often called “black hydrogen” or “brown hydrogen”. What is made with renewable (可再生的) energy is “green hydrogen”. But making green hydrogen is much more expensive. That’s where white hydrogen comes in. It is made by the Earth’s natural processes and lies deep underground. Scientists have long known about white hydrogen. But the idea that there might be a lot of it and that it could be collected is new. The first big discovery of white hydrogen came in Mali, Africa. A well that was being dug for water caught on fire. Scientists later discovered that what caused the fire was hydrogen. That well is now powering a nearby village. Recently, two scientists in France were testing deep underground in northeastern France, trying to find out how much natural gas was there. As they went deeper, they got a surprise. At 1,250 meters, 20% of the underground gas was hydrogen. The scientists believe they may have found the world’s largest source (来源) of natural hydrogen. Companies in several countries are now working hard looking for white hydrogen. Many scientists think it could be an important part of the world’s future energy supply. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The pollution. B．The hydrogen. C．A special atom. D．A fossil fuel. 2．What can we know about white hydrogen? A．It is a completely new idea for scientists. B．It is made with fossil fuels. C．It is less expensive than green hydrogen. D．It was first discovered in France. 3．What is hydrogen named after? A．The color that it takes on. B．The site where it’s found. C．The energy it will replace. D．The way it’s produced. 4．What made the two French scientists surprised? A．The first discovery of white hydrogen. B．The big fire caused by white hydrogen. C．The amount of underground white hydrogen. D．The place where they found white hydrogen. 5．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To compare some different kinds of energy. B．To introduce white hydrogen. C．To call on people to protect the Earth. D．To point out the importance of hydrogen. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了关于“白色氢气”（自然氢气）的发现及其潜在作为未来能源供应的重要性的介绍。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Hydrogen may be a ‘clean’ fuel, but it is not so clean when it’s made with fossil fuels.”可知，氢气可能是一种“清洁”的燃料，但当它与化石燃料一起生产时，它就不那么清洁了。因此，第二段中的“it”指的是“The hydrogen”（氢气）。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“But making green hydrogen is much more expensive. That’s where white hydrogen comes in. It is made by the Earth’s natural processes and lies deep underground.”可知，制造绿色氢气要昂贵得多。这就是白色氢气出现的地方。它是由地球的自然过程产生的，深埋于地下。由此可以推断出，白色氢气比绿色氢气更便宜。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Energy experts give hydrogen different names depending on how it was made.”可知，能源专家根据氢气的生产方式给它起不同的名字。因此，氢气的命名是根据其生产方式。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Recently, two scientists in France were testing deep underground in northeastern France, trying to find out how much natural gas was there. As they went deeper, they got a surprise. At 1,250 meters, 20% of the underground gas was hydrogen.”可知，最近，两名法国科学家在法国东北部进行地下测试，试图找出那里有多少天然气。当他们挖得更深时，他们感到惊讶。在1250米处，20%的地下气体是氢气。因此，让两名法国科学家感到惊讶的是地下白色氢气的数量。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据文章整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了白色氢气的发现、来源、特点以及潜在价值，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是为了介绍白色氢气。故选B。 （24-25九年级下·山东聊城·开学考试）Nowadays there seems to be an app for everything. And mobile apps have been a part of our life. The following apps are part of the most popular apps. Ctrip can be the best helper when you feel it bard to buy the train or airline tickets. You can buy tickets anywhere at any time. Ximalaya Reading has millions of books including poems, short stories, novels and even fairy tales for children. What’s special about it is that you can use it to download book recording that can be listened to. It has more than 1 million valuable resources. Baby Bus is a very good friend for children under three years old. Kids can learn to speak, understand numbers and draw pictures with the help of this app. World Hero may help learn more English words while you’re playing games, so if you have problems remembering the new words when you learn English, use it. World of Tanks Blitz (坦克世界), a free-to-play online game with over 40 million downloads, brings quick-fire tank fights. “A lot of tanks, a lot of people and a lot of fun...” It will be the best choice to kill your time. 1．Ctrip is a useful app for ________. A．playing games B．learning English C．booking tickets D．drawing pictures 2．You can NOT know about________ from Ximalaya Reading. A．poems B．novels C．news D．fairy tales 3．To remember words in a fun way, ________ is a good choice. A．Ctrip B．World Heroes C．Baby Bus     D．World of Tanks Blitz 4．World of Tanks Blitz has ________ downloads and it fits in people’s free time. A．more than 40 million B．less than 1 million C．more than 1 million D．less than 40 million 5．According to the information above ________. A．we can buy tickets from Ctrip only in the daytime B．we have to pay some money for World of Tanks Blitz C．we can’t use Ximalaya Reading to download book recording D．Peter, a 2-year-old boy, can learn to draw pictures with the help of Baby Bus 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了几款受欢迎的应用程序。 1．细节理解题。根据“Ctrip can be the best helper when you feel it bard to buy the train or airline tickets. You can buy tickets anywhere at any time.”可知，Ctrip用于购买火车票或机票，可随时随地订票。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Ximalaya Reading has millions of books including poems, short stories, novels and even fairy tales for children.”可知，Ximalaya Reading包含诗歌、小说、短篇故事和童话，未提及“新闻”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“World Hero may help learn more English words while you’re playing games, so if you have problems remembering the new words when you learn English, use it.”可知，World Hero通过游戏帮助记忆英语单词，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“World of Tanks Blitz (坦克世界), a free-to-play online game with over 40 million downloads, brings quick-fire tank fights.”可知，World of Tanks Blitz有超过4000万次下载，故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“Baby Bus is a very good friend for children under three years old. Kids can learn to speak, understand numbers and draw pictures with the help of this app.”可知，Baby Bus适合3岁以下儿童学习画画、说话等，选项D中2岁男孩符合条件。故选D。 （2025·山东济南·模拟预测） A Farewell (告别) Song Wang WeiNo dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain; The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green. I invite you to drink a cup of wine again; West of the Sunny Pass no more friends will be seen. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Friends are important in our lives, but we sometimes have to separate from our friends. A Farewell Song is about saying goodbye to a friend. It is a famous poem by Wang Wei, a great poet, who lived in the Tang Dynasty. He is good at writing poems and drawing. When talking about Wang Wei, people often say there are pictures in his poems and there are poems in his pictures. “No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain” “The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green”, a picture of silence and peace gets into our eyes. After the morning rain in spring, the road, the willows (柳树) and the hotel are completely different. The hotel looks green. The willows look fresh. Everything is nice, gentle and silent. Willow branches are considered as a typical symbol of farewell in China. In ancient times, Chinese people often used them as gifts when they said goodbye to their friends. “I invite you to drink a cup of wine again” is the poet’s warm and real way of not wanting to say goodbye to his friend. Having another drink together is like a symbol of their goodbye. Lastly, “West of the Sunny Pass no more friends will be seen” shows the feeling of being alone and missing someone. It also shows his sincere love and care for his friend. A Farewell Song creates a feeling of quiet sadness. It mixes beautiful pictures and human feelings to deeply express the common experience of saying goodbye. 1．Who lived in the same dynasty as Wang Wei? A．李清照 B．白居易 C．苏轼 D．袁枚 2．When did Wang Wei’s friend leave in the poem? A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn. D．In winter. 3．What is considered as a typical symbol of farewell in ancient China? A．The morning rain. B．The hotel. C．The willow branch. D．The fan. 4．Which of the following rhymes (押韵) is RIGHT for this poem? A．aa-bb. B．ab-ab. C．ab-cd. D．ab-ba. 5．What did Wang Wei want to show in this poem? A．To show his excitement after seeing his old friend. B．To show his joy before separating from his friend. C．To show a feeling of quiet sadness before farewell. D．To show his deep feelings with his friends and family. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一首王维的送别诗《送元二使安西》的介绍，诗中用美丽的画面表达了与朋友告别时的不舍和淡淡忧伤之情。 1．细节理解题。根据“A Farewell Song is about saying goodbye to a friend. It is a famous poem by Wang Wei, a great poet, who lived in the Tang Dynasty.”可知，王维是唐朝诗人，四个选项中白居易也是唐朝诗人，故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“After the morning rain in spring, the road, the willows and the hotel are completely different.”可知，这首诗中朋友是在春天离开的，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Willow branches are considered as a typical symbol of farewell in China. In ancient times, Chinese people often used them as gifts when they said goodbye to their friends.”可知，柳枝是古代中国送别的象征，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据方框中的 “rain, green, again, seen” 可知，第一行与第三行押韵，第二行与第四行押韵，韵律为ab-ab型。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“A Farewell Song creates a feeling of quiet sadness. It mixes beautiful pictures and human feelings to deeply express the common experience of saying goodbye.”可知，这首诗表达的是送别前的安静忧伤之情，故选C。 （2025·山东淄博·模拟预测） In ancient China, there was a tradition called shu xiu. People gave teachers dried salted meat as a gift to show their respect for teachers. At that time, people didn’t get to eat meat very often because it was expensive. It was so valuable that people could even trade it for other things. So giving teachers dried salted meat as a gift when children started school showed that ancient people respected teachers and valued education highly. The practice of shu xiu started over 2,000 years ago. And it lasted for many centuries until the Tang Dynasty. Over time, shu xiu took on different forms, and the meaning of it changed as well. Some people used it to refer to the money students paid for their education at school and even called a teacher’s salary (薪水) shu xiu. In modern times, teachers in China are still highly respected and valued, but the ways of showing thanks to them have changed. People no longer use shu xiu to refer to the money for school or a teacher’s salary. What’s more, giving teachers dried salted meat as a gift is not common practice anymore. Nowadays, students often give gifts like flowers and cards. However, the tradition of shu xiu remains an important part of Chinese history and culture, reminding us of the importance of education and indicating the history and tradition of respecting teachers. 1．Why did the ancient Chinese use dried salted meat to show their respect for teachers? A．Because it was healthy. B．Because it was delicious. C．Because it was valuable. D．Because it was popular. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The importance of shu xiu. B．The history of shu xiu. C．How shu xiu was started. D．Who practiced shu xiu. 3．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “indicating” in the last paragraph? A．Showing. B．Starting. C．Breaking. D．Challenging. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To explain an ancient tradition. B．To show his respect for teachers. C．To describe the value of education. D．To remind people of an old saying. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代尊重老师的传统——束脩。 1．细节理解题。根据“At that time, people didn’t get to eat meat very often because it was expensive. It was so valuable that people could even trade it for other things.”可知，人们把咸肉干作为礼物送给老师，是因为在那个时候，肉很珍贵。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。通读第三段并根据“The practice of shu xiu started over 2,000 years ago. And it lasted for many centuries until the Tang Dynasty...”可知，第三段主要介绍了束脩的历史。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“However, the tradition of shu xiu remains an important part of Chinese history and culture, reminding us of the importance of education and indicating the history and tradition of respecting teachers.”可知，束脩传统仍然是中国历史和文化的重要组成部分，提醒我们教育的重要性，并显示出了尊师的历史和传统，故划线单词表示“显示，展示”，与showing意思相近。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国古代尊重老师的传统——束脩，故是解释了一种古代传统。故选A。 （24-25九年级下·山东德州·开学考试） Now glasses have become a daily necessity for some of us. So what do you know about them? Nobody knows who made the first wearable eyeglasses, but experts say they appeared in Italy. Early eyeglasses were like magnifying glasses (放大镜). And most of them weren’t even made of glass! Instead, many early eyeglasses were made of quartz (石英). That’s because most glass at that time wasn’t clear, so it wouldn’t have worked well for eye-glasses. Eyeglasses didn’t look much like modern glasses until the 1700’s. That’s when people added car stems (支架) to hold the glasses on their faces. Glasses also became much more common around this time, probably because reading and writing became more popular. People didn’t start seeing eye doctors for glasses until the 1800s. In those days, people simply tried on different pairs of glasses until they found one that made them see better. Eye doctors changed all that. They gave people an eye test to see whether they needed a pair of glasses or not. One big change was bifocal (双光眼镜) in 1784. This made glasses help people see things that are both far away and very near. Different kinds of glasses have also appeared. Sunglasses are about as old as eyeglasses. People in China started wearing sunglasses in the 12th century. These early sunglasses were also made of quartz. Nowadays, many people also like to wear contact lenses (隐形眼镜), which were invented by a German in 1887. The first contact lenses were very uncomfortable to wear. However, today’s lenses are soft er and can be worn all day. However, you should always take your contact lenses out at night. Some people even like to wear glasses without lenses. These are called fashion glasses, and they come in many shapes and sizes to match everyone’s personal style. 1．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．What early glasses were made of. B．How early glasses were created. C．When glasses were first made. D．Who made the first set of glasses. 2．What might have made glasses more common in the 1700s? A．Wearing glasses made people look much better. B．More and more people liked reading and writing. C．Ear stems were used to keep glasses on people’s faces. D．People had better eyesight with the help of eye doctors. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about sunglasses? A．They first appeared in Italy. B．Early sunglasses were made of quartz. C．They were invented by a German. D．People wear them just to look good. 4．How many kinds of glasses are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How Did Glasses Develop B．Why Do People Wear Glasses C．What Kind of Glasses Will Suit You D．What was glasses made of 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了眼镜发展的历史。 1．细节理解题。根据“Instead, many early eyeglasses were made of quartz (石英).”可知，第二段主要介绍了最早的眼镜是用什么材料制成的，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Glasses also became much more common around this time, probably because reading and writing became more popular.”可知，是因为越来越多的人喜欢阅读和写作。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“These early sunglasses were also made of quartz.”可知，这些早期的太阳镜也是由石英制成的。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Early eyeglasses were like magnifying glasses (放大镜).”；“One big change was bifocal (双光眼镜) in 1784.”；“Sunglasses are about as old as eyeglasses.”；“Nowadays, many people also like to wear contact lenses (隐形眼镜)”以及“These are called fashion glasses”可知，文章提到五种眼镜：早期眼镜、双光眼镜、太阳镜、隐形眼镜和“时尚眼镜”，故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章围绕眼镜的发展过程展开，因此选项A是最佳标题。故选A。 （24-25九年级下·山东德州·开学考试） According to scientists, a lake with a round shape is very common. However, the lake named Kingsley in Florida, USA, makes them very surprised. Kingsley Lake is one of the best fishing spots in Florida, but few people know what really makes this place special is its unusually round shape. The lake is called the roundest lake in the world. In fact, we can only see how round the lake is from the air. What caused Kingsley Lake to have this special shape? Some people think human beings have changed the structure (结构) of Kingsley Lake so that it is unusually round. However, in fact, this lake is completely free from human activities. It is believed to have formed as a sinkhole (落水洞). It also appears that the lake is the result of the movement of rocks which gave the present shape of Kingsley Lake. Kingsley Lake has a diameter (直径) of about 3.2 kilometers. It is 53.7 meters above sea level, which makes Kingsley Lake one of the highest lakes in Florida. Kingsley Lake is about 27.4 meters deep and it is also considered one of Florida’s deepest lakes. According to the survey, Kingsley Lake has an unchanging water level because of its surface drainage (排水) system. This system helps the floodwater easily run from the lake to the areas around. In addition, the lake has many shallow (浅的) water areas, so it can be filled with water again in no time, creating the balance of the water in the lake. Kingsley Lake is now a famous tourist destination (目的地) in summer. Each year, it attracts about 120,000 tourists. It also provides home for a lot of endangered animals. 1．Why do scientists feel surprised when they see Kingsley Lake? A．Because it looks so beautiful. B．Because it is a good fishing spot. C．Because it is a tourist destination. D．Because it has quite a round shape. 2．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The reason why Kingsley Lake is unusually round. B．The influence which human activities have caused. C．The present shape given by the movement of rocks. D．The data（数据） people must know about the lake. 3．What makes the lake’s water level always stay the same? ① The good drainage system. ② The 27.4-meter depth. ③ The shallow water areas.  ④ The 3.2-kilometer diameter. A．①② B．②③ C．①③ D．③④ 4．Which of the following is TRUE about Kingsley Lake? A．It’s a natural lake. B．It’s a man-made lake. C．It’s the world’s deepest lake. D．It’s the highest lake in the USA． 5．What’s the writer’s purpose to write the passage? A．To introduce a lake with a special shape. B．To call on more people to protect the lake. C．To attract more tourists to Kingsley Lake. D．To describe the beauty of Kingsley Lake. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国佛罗里达州的Kingsley湖的特殊形状、形成原因、地理特征以及其作为旅游目的地的重要性。 1．细节理解题。 根据文章第1段“However, the lake named Kingsley in Florida, USA, makes them very surprised.”以及第2段“Kingsley Lake is one of the best fishing spots in Florida, but few people know what really makes this place special is its unusually round shape.”可知，科学家对Kingsley湖的圆形感到惊讶。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。 根据文章第3段“What caused Kingsley Lake to have this special shape? Some people think human beings have changed the structure of Kingsley Lake so that it is unusually round... of Kingsley Lake.”可知，第3段主要讲述了Kingsley湖异常圆的原因。故选A。 3．细节理解题。 根据文章第5段“According to the survey, Kingsley Lake has an unchanging water level...of the water in the lake.”可知，湖的水位保持不变是因为良好的排水系统和浅水区。故选C。 4．细节理解题。 根据文章第3段“However, in fact, this lake is completely free from human activities. It is believed to have formed as a sinkhole.”可知，Kingsley湖是一个天然湖。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。 根据文章整体内容，尤其是第2段“Kingsley Lake is one of the best fishing spots in Florida, but few people know what really makes this place special is its unusually round shape.”以及第6段“Kingsley Lake is now a famous tourist destination in summer. Each year, it attracts about 120,000 tourists. It also provides home for a lot of endangered animals.”可知，作者写作的目的是介绍一个具有特殊形状的湖。故选A。 培优篇 （24-25九年级下·山东济南·阶段练习）These days, people were cheered by the news that the Spring Festival and its practices were added to UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The next day, Thursday, December 5,2024, the following items were also. added: Traditional Li textile techniques spinning (纺纱), dyeing (染色), weaving (织布) and embroidering (刺绣), the Qiang New Year festival, and the traditional design and practices for building Chinese wooden arch bridges. Different from the Spring Festival, these items were once on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding because they were at risk of disappearing. Now, thanks to effective protection efforts, they have been moved to the new list. The Li textile techniques have beautiful and natural patterns which show the unique art style of the Li people. The Qiang New Year festival is an important celebration for the Qiang ethnic group. However, fewer people celebrated it over time, making its protection very urgent. The Chinese wooden arch bridges, built using traditional tools and techniques, have also faced challenges due -to rapid urbanization (城市化)。 Experts say protecting intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is about protecting our culture. ICH is often a part of daily life and carries important cultural values. For example, traditions like Li textile techniques and the Qiang festival not only pass down history but also teach meaningful practices. China has made great efforts to protect its ICH. These efforts are not just for China but also to share its culture with the world. As one expert said, cultural heritage belongs not only to us but to future generations. Protecting ICH makes sure that these traditions stay alive and continue to connect people across the world. 1．How many items were added to UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Wednesday? A．1 B．4 C．7 D．8 2．What is the difference between the Spring Festival and other ICH mentioned in the passage? A．The Spring Festival is celebrated around the world. B．Other items needed protecting immediately. C．The Spring Festival has more cultural value than the other ICH items. D．The other ICH items were recently discovered. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Li textile techniques show the unique art style of the Han people. B．The reason why Li textile techniques are at risk-is not mentioned. C．Over time, fewer and fewer people celebrate the Qiang New Year festival. D．In the city, we can see wooden arch bridges, here and there. 4．What does the underlined word “carries” probably mean? A．Brings B．Holds C．Loses D．Supports 5．What is the meaning of protecting the ICH? A．To protect cultural traditions and bring people together globally. B．To strengthen national confidence. C．To strengthen cultural confidence D．To learn from the cultural traditions. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国几项非物质文化遗产被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产代表名录的情况，并强调了保护这些文化遗产的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“These days, people were cheered by the news that the Spring Festival and its practices were added to UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The next day, Thursday, December 5, 2024, the following items were also added: Traditional Li textile techniques spinning (纺纱), dyeing (染色), weaving (织布) and embroidering (刺绣), the Qiang New Year festival, and the traditional design and practices for building Chinese wooden arch bridges.” 可知，春节是在周三被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录的，第二天（周四）又有其他项目被列入。所以周三被列入的项目只有春节这一个。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Different from the Spring Festival, these items were once on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding because they were at risk of disappearing.”可知，与春节不同，文中提到的其他非物质文化遗产项目曾被列入急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录，因为它们面临消失的风险，也就是需要立即保护。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The Qiang New Year festival is an important celebration for the Qiang ethnic group. However, fewer people celebrated it over time, making its protection very urgent.”可知，随着时间的推移，庆祝羌年的人越来越少。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据第四段 “ICH is often a part of daily life and carries important cultural values.” 可知，非物质文化遗产通常是日常生活的一部分，并且 “carries” 重要的文化价值。“holds” 有 “包含、持有、承载” 的意思，在这里 “carries” 与 “holds” 意思相近，可理解为非物质文化遗产承载着重要的文化价值。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“As one expert said, cultural heritage belongs not only to us but to future generations. Protecting ICH makes sure that these traditions stay alive and continue to connect people across the world.”可知，保护非物质文化遗产确保这些传统得以延续，并继续将世界各地的人们联系在一起，也就是保护文化传统并在全球范围内把人们凝聚在一起。故选D。 （24-25九年级上·山东枣庄·期末）Have you ever imagined being able to communicate with your pet at home and let them understand everything you say? It sounds too good to be true, but scientists have started using artificial intelligence (AI) to help communicate with animals. AI allows humans to use technology to watch and understand the sounds and signals (信号) animals use so we can try to speak back to them. Professor Karen Bakker said that AI is already helping humans communicate with bats (蝙蝠) and bees. This could change what we know about nature and our non-human relationships. Bakker said AI helped decode (解码) recordings of animals talking to one another. She said trying to communicate in their language could be better than to teach them to use human sign language. Bakker explained how scientist Yossi Yoyel had used recordings and AI to understand bats. “Bats argue over food; they communicate differently between genders (性别) ; they have their names or ‘signature calls’,” she said. “But unlike human mothers who raise their voices when talking to babies, mother bats lower the voice.” A computer can be trained to listen like a bat, but this can never be done with the human ear. With bees, the computer both listens and watches the bees’ body movement to understand what they are communicating. “When bees ‘speak’ to one another, they use body movements, as well as the sounds, to communicate,” Bakker said. She said scientists now know how bees say things such as “hush (be quiet)” or “stop”. Scientist Tim Landgraf even created a robot bee that entered a hive (蜂巢) and it was able to communicate to other bees when it wanted them to stop doing something or fly. So, are you looking forward to communicating with animals one day? 1．Why does the writer mention bats and bees? A．To give a direction of the future study. B．To show the achievements scientists have got. C．To doubt the findings scientist have reported. D．To change people’s opinions about the two animals. 2．What is the fifth paragraph mainly about? A．Scientists’ ways of communicating with bats. B．Differences between bats and humans in communication. C．Scientists’ findings about communication between bats through AI. D．Advantages of communicating with animals in their language. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Bees mostly use sound to communicate with others. B．Scientists have already understood a bit of bees’ language. C．Bees’ body movements are very difficult to understand. D．Scientists have made a real bee to communicate with other bees. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文介绍了随着AI的发展，科学家们已经开始使用人工智能来理解动物的语言，并与动物交流。 1．推理判断题。根据“Professor Karen Bakker said that AI is already helping humans communicate with bats (蝙蝠) and bees.”可知，人工智能已经在帮助人类与蝙蝠和蜜蜂交流；由此推知作者提到蝙蝠和蜜蜂，是为了展示科学家们取得的成就。故选B。 2．段落大意题。根据“Bakker explained how scientist Yossi Yoyel had used recordings and AI to understand bats. ”可知，Bakker解释了科学家Yossi Yoyel是如何使用录音和人工智能来了解蝙蝠的；再根据“A computer can be trained to listen like a bat, but this can never be done with the human ear.”可知，计算机可以被训练得像蝙蝠一样聆听，但人的耳朵永远无法做到这一点。由此判断第五段介绍了科学家们通过人工智能发现了蝙蝠之间进行的交流是什么样的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Scientist Tim Landgraf even created a robot bee that entered a hive (蜂巢) and it was able to communicate to other bees when it wanted them to stop doing something or fly.”可知，科学家Tim Landgraf创造了一种进入蜂巢的机器蜜蜂，可以与真正的蜜蜂进行交流；由此推知科学家们已经了解了一些蜜蜂的语言。故选B。 （24-25九年级上·山东聊城·期末）Most of us spend all day at school or work. After a long and busy day, all we want to do is return to a comfortable home. Smart technology can turn any home into a nice place to live. Smart homes have been around for some time. Scottish company Pico Electronics invented a type of technology called X10 in 1975. It allows household devices (家用设备), such as lights and alarms, to communicate with each other by using radio waves (无线电波), according to AVSystemsMag, a specialized magazine in the audiovisual (AV，视听的) and automation industry. Of course, 5G network connectivity has made smart homes much more sophisticated (复杂的巧妙) than X10. Perhaps the most widespread smart home technology is the voice-activated assistant (语音激活助手). Google Home and Amazon’s Alexa allow users to interact with nearly any device in their home simply by speaking a few words. This is especially convenient for children and people with physical disabilities, as they can finish tasks that would normally be too difficult, according to How-To Geek. Common household appliances (家用电器) can become “smart” as well. For example, a smart trash bin can keep track of the things you’ve thrown away and place an online order for new items, while smart refrigerators can create dinner recipes (菜谱) based on the vegetables that are being kept inside, according to HowStuffWorks. But it’s not just about convenience. Smart homes are also good for the environment. By regularly checking your energy use and automatically (自动地) turning off lights and other devices that you’re not using, smart homes can lower so much electricity you use overall. Using less energy means that we use fewer natural resources, which is good for the environment. 1．X10 technology allows household devices to communicate by ________. A．using lights B．using voices C．using radio waves D．connecting to the 5G network 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Voice-activated assistants. B．How smart homes are built. C．The difference between X10 and 5G technologies. D．Technologies designed for children and the disabled. 3．How are smart homes good for the environment? A．They use recyclable household appliances. B．They are built with special materials. C．They have smart trash bins. D．They help us save energy. 4．Which of the advantages is NOT mentioned about smart homes? A．Comfortable. B．Convenient. C．Energy-saving. D．Relaxing. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Smart homes in the future B．A perfect home C．Live a smart life D．The city of tomorrow 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了如今日益发展的智能家居如何改变了人们的生活。 1．细节理解题。根据“It allows household devices (家用设备), such as lights and alarms, to communicate with each other by using radio waves (无线电波),”可知，X10技术通过无线电波让设备相互通信。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Perhaps the most widespread smart home technology is the voice-activated assistant (语音激活助手). Google Home and Amazon’s Alexa allow users to interact with nearly any device in their home simply by speaking a few words.”可知，第三段主要介绍语音激活助手及其便利性，因此主题是关于语音激活助手。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“By regularly checking your energy use and automatically (自动地) turning off lights and other devices that you’re not using, smart homes can lower so much electricity you use overall.”可知，智能家居通过帮助节约用电来保护环境。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“After a long and busy day, all we want to do is return to a comfortable home. Smart technology can turn any home into a nice place to live.”以及“But it’s not just about convenience…smart homes can lower so much electricity you use overall.”可知，文中提到智能家居的特点包括“舒适”、“便利”和“节能”，但未提到“让人放松”。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了如今日益发展的智能家居如何改变了人们的生活，因此选项C为最佳标题。故选C。 （24-25九年级上·山东济南·期末）Scientists at Stanford University have found a way to make the skin (皮肤) of living mice turn clear by rubbing (擦) a common yellow food dye (染料) called tartrazine (柠檬黄) on the mouse’s skin. The discovery could one day help doctors see inside human bodies without cutting them open. The scientists mixed tartrazine with water to make the liquid. When they tested this mixture on very thin slices of chicken, the chicken began to turn clear. Next, the researchers decided to try the coloring on the skin of living mice. First they got the hair out of the way. Then, they rubbed the liquid on the skin of the mice. In just a few minutes, the skin of the mice became see-through. Using the liquid, the scientists were able to see inside a mouse’s brain. When the liquid was washed off, the skin returned to normal. To understand how the new discovery works, it’s helpful to think about how light travels through different materials. Light travels in a straight line, unless it runs into something. Then, it usually bends (弯曲). Glass is easy to see through because light only takes a slight bend when it goes through the glass. But skin isn’t like glass. Skin is made of many different parts, like water, fat and so on. These different materials make it hard to see through skin. Tartrazine makes the watery parts of the skin more like the other areas. When the light mostly bends the same way, the skin becomes see-through. Guosong Hong, one of the leaders of the research, says that if something similar could be made to work on humans, it could lead to exciting medical development. The scientists say more work needs to be done before a similar method can be used on humans. The dye only works on thin skin, and human skin is much thicker than the skin of mice. 1．What did the scientists find at Stanford University? A．A way to treat skin problems. B．A way to make the mice grow quickly. C．A way to help doctors cut human bodies open. D．A way to make the skin of living mice become clear. 2．How was the result of the test according to paragraph 2? A．Unexpected. B．Meaningless. C．Incorrect. D．Successful. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How light travels through glass. B．The importance of tartrazine. C．How tartrazine makes the skin see-through. D．The difference between skin and glass. 4．What is the value of the research at Stanford University? A．It’s only useful for animal skin studies. B．It could improve medical study. C．It helps understand light and materials better. D．It provides a way to make glass bend. 5．In which part of the newspaper can you find the text? A．Science. B．Sport. C．Culture. D．History. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文讲述了斯坦福大学科学家发现了一种通过用柠檬黄染料擦拭活体小白鼠皮肤使其变透明的方法，未来或有助于医生无需切开人体即可观察其内部情况，但该方法还需进一步研究才能应用于人体。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists at Stanford University have found a way to make the skin (皮肤) of living mice turn clear...”可知，斯坦福大学的科学家们已经找到了一种让活体老鼠的皮肤变得透明的方法。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，当科学家们测试这种混合物时，鸡肉片和老鼠皮肤都变得透明，因此测试结果是成功的。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。通读整段和“To understand how the new discovery works...”可知，第三段描述了柠檬黄如何使皮肤变透明的原理，因此本段的主要内容是柠檬黄如何使皮肤变透明。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“The discovery could one day help doctors see inside human bodies without cutting them open.”可知，这项研究可能有助于未来在不切开人类身体的前提下进行医学检查，因此可以改进医学研究。故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文属于科学研究的范畴，因此最可能出现在报纸的科学版块。故选A。 （24-25九年级上·山东德州·期末） Chinese culture has great attraction for people both at home and abroad. We have seen many people from around the world express their love for Chinese culture in different forms. A growing number of foreigners have even, chosen to live in China for its culture. Interested in Chinese classical literature, Canadian artist Brandon Collins-Green or Lin Buran in Chinese expresses his understanding of A Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin and Chinese poems through thousands of paintings. Often painting throughout the night, he has created more than 4,200 works. Living alone in the center of Nanchang, he has come a long way since he first came here in 2015 to study ancient Chinese literature. Brandon loves learning about the lifestyle of ancient Chinese people. “So far, I have read the novel three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles (谜语), and dialogues into English, and completed over 1 million words of articles and 2,000 related paintings during my PhD studies,” said Brandon with pride and satisfaction. Timur Kuvatov, director-general and editor-in-chief of the Kazakhstan Today News Agency, is a Chinese kung fu fan. He has won kung fu championships a lot of times and also served as a coach for the Kazakhstan kung fu team. “Chinese kung fu is a treasure of Chinese culture. It is not just a sport but also reflects the Chinese way of dealing with people, their understanding of life, nature and the world,” he said. Vincent Cazeneuve, known as Wensen Qi in Chinese, is a French artist devoted to lacquer (漆器) creation. He came to live in Chongqing in 2009. His works have been shown in art institutions both in and outside of China, and his fans have even collected some of them. What is the charm of Chinese culture that attracts these people? It lies in its richness and openness. Also its cultural background differences make foreigners curious about the lifestyles, way of thinking, and values of the country. 1．What has Brandon done to express his love for Chinese culture? A．He has created many famous Chinese poems. B．He has decided to move to China with his friends. C．He has written thousands of Chinese lantern riddles. D．He has translated part of Cao Xueqin’s novel into English. 2．What does Timur Kuvatov think of Chinese kung fu? A．It is only a popular sport in China. B．It has nothing to do with Chinese culture. C．It is too difficult for foreigners to learn. D．It is a treasure showing the wisdom of the Chinese. 3．Which of the following is true about Vincent Cazeneuve? A．He came to live in China in 2019. B．His works are only shown in China. C．He is famous for his lacquer creations. D．He focuses on teaching art in Chongqing. 4．What does the writer express through the stories of Brandon, Timur and Vincent? A．Chinese names are more attractive to foreigners. B．The influence of Chinese art proves greater abroad. C．Chinese culture is getting popular around the world. D．China is an ideal country for people from abroad to live. 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．New Look of Traditional Chinese Culture B．Charm of Chinese Culture in Foreigners’ Eyes C．Development of Chinese Culture in the West D．Culture Differences Between the East and West 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍几位外国人对中国文化的热爱与追求，展现了中国文化的魅力与吸引力。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Brandon said, ‘So far, I have read the novel three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles, and dialogues into English,’”可知，他把曹雪芹的《红楼梦》中的大部分诗歌、歌曲、灯谜和对话翻译成了英语。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Chinese kung fu is a treasure of Chinese culture. It is not just a sport but also reflects the Chinese way of dealing with people, their understanding of life, nature and the world,”可知，Timur Kuvatov认为中国功夫是中国文化的瑰宝，不仅是一项运动，还反映了中国人的处世方式、对生活、自然和世界的理解，即体现了中国人的智慧。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Vincent Cazeneuve... is a French artist devoted to lacquer creation. He came to live in Chongqing in 2009. His works have been shown in art institutions both in and outside of China, and his fans have even collected some of them.”可知，他致力于漆器创作，作品在国内外艺术机构展出且有粉丝收藏；据此可以推断，Vincent Cazeneuve以漆器创作闻名。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章开头点明中国文化对国内外的人都有很大吸引力，接着通过Brandon、Timur 和Vincent的故事，分别展示了他们对中国文学、中国功夫、中国漆器创作的喜爱，这些都表明中国文化在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了外国人对中国文化的热爱和追求，展示了中国文化的魅力；选项B“外国人眼中中国文化的魅力”适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 （24-25九年级上·山东德州·期末） On a sunny day, hundreds of volunteers arrived at the Yangtze River in Yichang, Hubei province. The workers on board of a special ship nearby was about to release about 230,000 Chinese sturgeons (中华鲟) back into the waterway, where the fish naturally lay theır eggs. The event’s organizer, the CTGC (China Three Gorges Corporation), also supports a research center to make sure such releases are successful. Set up in 1982, the center’s job is to monitor the level of biodiversity (生物多样性) in the waters near the dam, the world’s largest hydropower facility (水力发电设备). The sturgeon-releasing event was part, of a long-running effort to protect the Yangtze River’s ecosystem. The Chinese sturgeon is known for its hard, protective scale (鳞甲). People call it a “living fossil” (活化石) because its long history and physical characteristics which have remained almost unchanged over millions of years. But sadly, because of overfishing, pollution, and the effects of dam, the wild sturgeon population in China has dropped to dangerously low levels. In response, people have held more release events and put more effort into breeding (繁殖) more of the fish. These release events are easier said than done, however. In the early days, the survival rate of freed sturgeons was quite low. Jiang Wei, an engineer at the research center, said that in 1985 the people who did this job before him started to study how to breed sturgeon, but there weren’t any books or information about it at that time. Over the next 10 years, they found the key factors affecting the well-being of young fish, such as food, water temperature and quality, and did experiments to prevent diseases. “By 1995, the body length of the released fish had reached more than 30 centimeters, and more of them survived in the wild.” said Jiang. Thanks to their continued efforts,21 million endangered fish have been released into the Yangtze since the CTGC was set up about 30 years ago, according to data provided by the organization. This is a great achievement in protecting the river’s weak ecosystem. 1．What happened near the Yangtze River in Yichang, Hubei Province? A．Some surgeons laying their eggs. B．Several workers cleaning the river. C．230,000 Chinese sturgeons being released. D．A meeting about water life variety being held. 2．How does the CTGC help protect the river and its animals? A．It makes sure no one fishes too much. B．It builds a big dam to make electricity. C．It helps to clean up the never every year. D．It offers a place to keep an eye on water life. 3．Why is the Chinese sturgeon called a “living fossil”? A．It helps protect the Yangtze River’s ecosystem. B．It has hard and protective scale. C．It is the biggest fish in the Yangtze. D．It has a long and almost unchanged history. 4．What’s the main challenge for the releasing event at first? A．The lack of information and resources on sturgeon farming. B．The high cost of breeding and releasing sturgeon into the wild. C．The unwillingness of local communities to support the project. D．The bad effects of pollution and dams on the river’s ecosystem. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．A plan for protecting the Chinese sturgeon. B．Water-based electricity production in the area. C．The reasons to protect the Yangtze River’s ecosystem. D．Volunteer work to help clean up the Yangtze River. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国三峡集团为保护长江生态系统，长期释放濒危中华鲟。 1．细节理解题。根据“The workers on board of a special ship nearby was about to release about 230,000 Chinese sturgeons (中华鲟) back into the waterway, where the fish naturally lay theır eggs.”可知，在长江附近发生的是放生23万条中华鲟。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The event’s organizer, the CTGC (China Three Gorges Corporation), also supports a research center to make sure such releases are successful.”以及“Set up in 1982, the center’s job is to monitor the level of biodiversity (生物多样性) in the waters near the dam”可知，CTGC通过提供一个观察水生生物的场所来帮助保护河流和水生生物。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“The Chinese sturgeon is known…physical characteristics which have remained almost unchanged over millions of years”可知，中华鲟因其漫长且几乎未变的历史而被称为“活化石”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据姜伟提到的“…but there weren’t any books or information about it at that time”可知，最初的主要挑战是缺乏饲养中华鲟的信息和资源。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕保护中华鲟的计划展开，介绍了相关的放生活动及其背后的努力，故选A。 （24-25九年级上·山东德州·期末） Made-in-China products were really great at the 2024 Paris Olympics! High-tech products helped athletes do their best. For example, the table tennis table is amazing. When you touch it, it feels like smooth ice because of a special high-tech material. There are chips (芯片) in the table that can show colorful lights. They make a cool atmosphere for athletes when they come in and after matches. The table tennis balls are also made in China. There are 35,000 balls. Before they go to Paris, they have to pass 15 checks, like checking if they are round, hard enough, the right weight and have good elasticity (弹力). Only a few balls out of every 100 are chosen for the Olympics. Sports equipment for things like wrestling, boxing, judo, cycling and gymnastics is from China too. In beach volleyball, tennis, judo and other events, a special technology called “bullet time” lets audiences see replays more clearly. The wrestling and judo mats are from China. For the first time, there are smart chips in the mats. These chips can tell how strong and fast athletes are when they move. And people saw really cool things like drones, fireworks and LED screens from China. On July 14, there was a fireworks and lighting show in Paris to celebrate the Olympic flame coming. There were 1,100 drones from China. And more than 50 good LED screens for the Paris Olympics are from China. Made-in-China products are popular outside the sports fields too. About 80% of the dolls of the mascot “Phryges are from China, and there are also cheering sticks and Olympic souvenirs.” 1．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．high-tech materials B．chips C．colorful lights D．athletes 2．What is special about the table tennis balls made in China for the 2024 Paris Olympics? A．They are the hardest table tennis balls. B．They are all chosen for the Olympics. C．They can change color during the game. D．They have to pass strict quality checks. 3．Why is the “bullet time” technology used in the 2024 Paris Olympics? A．Because it can help athletes train better. B．Because it lets audience see replays more clearly. C．Because it can help judges make faster decisions. D．Because it can help coaches analyze the matches. 4．What percentage of the “Phryge” dolls are from China? A．About 50%. B．About 60%. C．About 80%. D．About 90%. 5．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Only sports equipment made in China is used in the 2024 Paris Olympics. B．The 2024 Paris Olympics mainly uses Chinese products for cost-saving reasons. C．Chinese products are of high quality and play important roles in the 2024 Paris Olympics. D．Made-in-China products are only popular for their appearance in the 2024 Paris Olympics. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在2024年巴黎奥运会上，中国制造的产品大放异彩。 1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“There are chips in the table that can show colorful lights. They make a cool atmosphere for athletes when they come in and after matches.”可知，乒乓球桌里的芯片能发出彩色灯光，在运动员入场和比赛结束后营造出很棒的氛围；据此可以推断，划线单词“They”指代上文出现的“colorful lights”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Before they go to Paris, they have to pass 15 checks, like checking if they are round, hard enough, the right weight and have good elasticity. Only a few balls out of every 100 are chosen for the Olympics.”可知，中国制造的乒乓球要经过15项严格检查，每100个中只有少数能入选奥运会，说明它们要通过严格的质量检测。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“In beach volleyball, tennis, judo and other events, a special technology called ‘bullet time’ lets audiences see replays more clearly.”可知，“bullet time”技术用于让观众更清楚地看到回放。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“About 80% of the dolls of the mascot ‘Phryges are from China’”可知，大约80%的吉祥物“Phryge”玩偶来自中国。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在2024年巴黎奥运会上，中国制造的产品在多个领域都发挥了重要作用，包括运动器材、高科技产品以及吉祥物玩偶等；这些产品不仅数量众多，而且质量上乘，为奥运会的成功举办做出了重要贡献。故选C。 （24-25九年级上·山东济南·期末）Has a person ever warmly held a door open for you? How do you feel after playing with friends? And what would you say is your favourite family memory? These questions have one thing in common: they’re all about connecting with people. “Let’s Connect” is the theme of this year’s Children’s Mental (心理的) Health Week. It improves mental health by building healthy social connections. Humans naturally connect with others, whether that’s family, friends or people in our community. Healthy connections give people energy and support—we all need people to celebrate and share our worries with. Social connections aren’t just about mental health; they improve physical health too, helping us to live a long life. Research suggests being lonely can slowly harm your health. Humans’ need for connection is different from person to person, but what’s important is not how many relationships you have, but how good your relationships are. Then how to connect with others? “You can reach out and connect with people in so many different ways,” says Julia Clements of Place2Be, the organizer behind Children’s Mental Health Week. You can connect in person or online, with your friends, parents, teachers or classmates. It’s not just people, either. “Some people feel connected with their pets or in nature,” says Clements. She advises making time to build more connections through actions as well as words. Being kind, listening to others and trying new experiences are all good tools. Everybody may feel lonely sometimes and refuse to talk to others. Keep in mind that connections change—some become stronger, while others stop. “Remember that there are always people that care for you,” advises Clements. She says it’s important to tell someone you trust about how you are feeling, or safe organizations such as Childline or Shout. They can help, whether you’re looking to form new connections or repair a strained (紧张) relationship that is important to you. 1．The writer uses three questions in the beginning to ________. A．express worries about humans B．lead into the topic C．introduce health problems D．interest readers in family memory 2．Paragraph 2 is mainly about the ________ of connecting with others. A．ways B．popularity C．importance D．rules 3．Clements may agree that ________. A．it is better to connect with pets than people B．using words is the best way to build connections C．people should only communicate with others face to face D．talking to others can be helpful to a lonely person 4．The passage is most probably written for ________. A．teachers B．parents C．children D．doctors 5．What is the text mainly about? A．How do you refuse to talk to others? B．What should you do when you feel lonely? C．Being lonely isn’t good for your health. D．Healthy social connections can improve health. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了健康的社会关系来改善心理健康。 1．推理判断题。根据“Has a person ever warmly held a door open for you? How do you feel after playing with friends? And what would you say is your favourite family memory? These questions have one thing in common: they’re all about connecting with people.”可知，作者用问题得出共同点：它们都是关于与人交往的；结合“It improves mental health by building healthy social connections.”可知，是为了引出“社会关系”这一话题。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。分析“Healthy connections give people energy and support—we all need people to celebrate and share our worries with. Social connections aren’t just about mental health; they improve physical health too, helping us to live a long life. Research suggests being lonely can slowly harm your health.”可知，介绍了健康的人际关系和社会关系的好处，以及孤独的坏处。所以本段主要介绍的是与他人联系的重要性。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“She advises making time to build more connections through actions as well as words.”和“Everybody may feel lonely sometimes and refuse to talk to others. Keep in mind that connections change——some become stronger, while others stop.”可知，她建议花时间通过行动和语言来建立更多的联系，每个人都有孤独的时候，会拒绝和别人说话，但是与人联系会产生改变。由此可知，克莱门茨可能会同意与他人交谈对孤独的人有帮助这一看法。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“You can connect in person or online, with your friends, parents, teachers or classmates.”可知，你可以亲自或在线与你的朋友、父母、老师或同学联系。由此推知，本文是写给孩子们的。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“These questions have one thing in common: they’re all about connecting with people.”和“It improves mental health by building healthy social connections.”可知，健康的社会联系能够提升健康。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$