精品解析：广东省深圳市罗湖区深圳市第二实验学校2024-2025学年高二下学期开学英语试题

2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级开学考试卷 英语 （考试时间120分钟，总分150分） 第一部分 单项选择, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案 (共 55 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 55 分)。 1. The local guide told the explorers that ropes and knives were ________ wanted to go into the inner part of the mountain must take along. A. that whoever B. what who C. what whoever D. that who 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：当地导游告诉探险者，任何想进入山内的人都必须随身携带绳索和刀子。were后是表语从句，从句谓语部分是must take along，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导；表语从句的主语部分是一个主语从句，引导词在主语从句中作主语，表示“任何想进入山内的人”，应用whoever引导主语从句。故选C。 2. The number on the card should be _______ with the one on the chequebook. A. intent B. exquisite C. profound D. identical 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡片上的号码应该与支票簿上的号码相同。A. intent专心的，专注的；B. exquisite精致的；C. profound深刻的；D. identical相同的。结合with the one on the chequebook可知，空格处应表达“相同的”，故用identical，作表语。故选D。 3. Winning this contract is _______ to the success of the company. A. heartbreaking B. terrifying C. crucial D. stunning 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：赢得这份合同对公司的成功至关重要。A. heartbreaking令人心碎的；B. terrifying令人恐惧的；C. crucial至关重要的；D. stunning令人震惊的。由句意和the success of the company可知，这里指这份合同对公司来说是至关重要的。故选C项。 4. We are working on the ________ that everyone invited will turn up. A. finding B. assumption C. consumption D. predicament 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正在基于所有被邀请的人都会到场的假设进行工作。A. finding发现； B. assumption假设； C. consumption消费； D. predicament困境。根据下文“everyone invited will turn up.”可知，这是一种假设。故选B项。 5. Meanwhile there are some disadvantages on Web such as complex information as to _____ learners and to fail teachers preparing in knowledge and methods. A. misjudge B. misunderstand C. misestimate D. misguide 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，网络也存在一些缺点，例如复杂的信息可能会误导学习者，并导致教师在知识和方法的准备上失败。A. misjudge误判；B. misunderstand误解；C. misestimate错误估计；D. misguide误导。结合learners and to fail teachers preparing in knowledge and methods可知，空格处应表达“误导”，故用misguide，表示“对于学习者来说可能会误导”。故选D。 6. There is convincing evidence of a link between _______ to sun and skin cancer. A. exposure B. blaze C. heat D. burn 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有令人信服的证据表明，暴露在阳光下与皮肤癌之间存在联系。A. exposure暴露；B. blaze火焰；C. heat热量；D. burn烧伤。结合to sun可知，空格处应表达“暴露”，故用exposure。故选A。 7. The police have ______ two suspects from their investigation. A. restricted B. kidnapped C. acknowledged D. eliminated 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：警方在调查中排除了两名嫌疑人。A. restricted限制；B. kidnapped绑架；C. acknowledged承认；D. eliminated消除，排除。根据“two suspects from their investigation”可知，此处指“排除了两名嫌疑人”，故选D。 8. He was always _____, even when things were at their worst. A. optimistic B. advanced C. repulsive D. heartfelt 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在最糟糕的时候，他也总是乐观的。A. optimistic乐观的；B. advanced高级的，先进的；C. repulsive令人厌恶的；D. heartfelt衷心的，诚挚的。根据句意以及下文的“even when things were at their worst”可知，此处表示一个人面对困境时的态度，所以此处表示“乐观的”符合语境。选项A 9. Japan has been trying to bring its nuclear crisis _______, but the spread of radiation has raised concerns about the safety of the nuclear energy. A under repair B. under control C. under construction D. under review 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：日本一直在努力控制其核危机，但是辐射的扩散引起了人们对核能安全的担忧。A.under repair正在维修；B.under control 处于控制之下；C.under construction在建造中；D.under review正在审查；在检查中。由空后的“but the spread of radiation has raised concerns about the safety of the nuclear energy”可知此处表示日本一直在努力控制核危机，所以选项Bunder control (处于控制之下)符合句意，故选B项。 10. You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as ______ success. A. a desire for B. a request for C. a talent for D. a necessity for 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能同样被对失败的恐惧和对成功的渴望所驱使。A. a desire for对……的渴望；B. a request for对……有请求；C. a talent for对……的天赋；D. a necessity for对……的必需品。根据句意以及上文“a fear of failure quite as much as”可知，此处表示“对成功的渴望”符合语境。故选A项 11. In Western high schools, poetry is hardly taught because it is considered to be ______ and have little to do with the life of today’s students. A. out of reach B. out of service C. out of date D. out of sight 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在西方的高中，诗歌很少被教授，因为它被认为是过时了，与当今学生的生活几乎没有关系。A. out of reach无法触及；B. out of service停止服务；C. out of date过时；D. out of sight看不见。结合“have little to do with the life of today’s students.”可知，空格处应表达“过时”，故用out of date。故选C。 12. With blood ______ from his leg, he made it to a nearby house. A. to pour B. poured C. pour D. pouring 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：血从他的腿上喷涌而出，他来到了附近的一所房子。此处为with复合结构，blood与pour之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补，故选D项。 13. Only when a reservoir is built here _______ our irrigation problem. A. can we solve B. did we solve C. have we solved D. had we solved 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：只有在这里建一个水库，我们才能解决灌溉问题。“only +状语”置于句首，句子用部分倒装形式，此处only+时间状语从句“when a reservoir is built here”置于句首，因此主句使用部分倒装的形式，从句谓语 is built 表明本句描述一般事实，因此需要使用一般现在时，符合句意。故选A。 14. ______ culture differs from area to area, one thing is for sure: Culture changes. A. If B. Though C. When D. Unless 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管文化因地区而异，但有一点是确定的：文化会变化。A. If如果；B. Though尽管；C. When当……时；D. Unless除非。根据句意可知，前后句表示转折关系，用连词though引导让步状语从句。故选B项。 15. If you miss this chance, it may be years _____ you get another one. A. since B. after C. when D. before 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：如果你错过了这次机会，可能要过好几年才会有下一次机会。由句意及空前的it may be years可知应填before，it will be+时间段+before...为固定句型，意为“要过多长时间才会……”，故选D项。 16. I’m convinced that adults are as glad as the children are _____ the good news. A. to hear B. hearing C. heard D. hear 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我相信大人听到这个好消息和孩子们一样高兴。that引导宾语从句，be+glad.+to do意思为“因某事高兴”，空处用不定式作状语。故选A。 17. Yes, Tongli is home to a great many souvenir shops and local products, but what amazed me was _____ well the town is preserved despite being open to tourism: A good balance between commercial activities and local life. A. that B. how C. though D. what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：是的，同里有许多纪念品商店和土特产，但令我惊讶的是，尽管对旅游业开放，但这个小镇保存得如此之好：商业活动和当地生活之间取得了很好的平衡。由句意及空后的副词well可知此处应填副词how，引导表语从句，how在句中修饰副词well，作状语。故选B项。 18. People ____ worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be ____ they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health. A. who; because B. who; why C. which; what D. which; how 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：担心食物的人更有可能节食。这可能是因为他们担心自己的体重，或者担心某些营养素对健康的影响。分析句子可知，第一空考查定语从句，先行词People，为人，在从句中作主语，所以可用关系代词who；第二空考查表语从句，且由句意可知，they are worried about their weight为节食的原因，所以应用because连接。故选A项。 19. It is uncertain _____ the rise is caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors, but previous studies have suggested daylight exposure is the key. A. how B. where C. what D. whether 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：目前还不确定这一上升是由于看屏幕时间的增加还是户外时间的减少，但之前的研究表明，日光照射是关键。由句意及空前的It is uncertain以及空后的the rise is caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors可知此处应填主语从句的引导词whether，whether...or...(是……还是……），it作形式主语，whether从句作真正的主语，故选D项。 20. So you have to be sure that ______ posted the information knows ______ they’re talking about, especially if you are doing research! A. no matter who; that B. whoever; what C. whomever; how D. no matter whom; which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：所以你必须确保发布信息的人知道他们在说什么，特别是如果你在做研究！由句意及空前的you have to be sure that以及空后的posted the information knows ______ they’re talking about可知空①处为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“任何人”应用引导词whoever，作主语，空②为宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，意为“……的事情”应用引导词what，作about的宾语，故选B项。 21. ______ has moved many moviegoers to tears is the story of young warriors risking it all to defend their motherland. A. Which B. What C. Who D. Why 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。 句意：让许多观众感动落泪的是年轻战士们为了保卫祖国而冒险的故事。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故选B项。 22. There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _____ another man, also intelligent, fails. A. what B. that C. when D. while 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：无法知道为什么一个人做出了重要的发现，而另一个同样聪明的人却失败了。A. what什么；B. that那个；C. when当……时；D. while而，然而。空格前后为对比关系，用while。故选D。 23. They are required to reflect on ________ they are grateful for and ________ they can shine light on others as well. A. what; how B. which; what C. who; that D. whom; which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查从句。句意：他们被要求反思他们所感激的，以及他们如何也能照亮他人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，第一个空从句中缺少宾语，因此空格处用引导词what。第二个空缺少方式状语，连接词为how。故选A项。 24. It is hoped _____ the new digitalized technologies will _____ the “rebirth” of the cultural relics, and bring them to more places worldwide. A. what; estimate B. that; boost C. how; react D. whether; appreciate 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词和动词词义辨析。句意：希望新的数字化技术能够促进文物的“重生”，并将它们带到世界更多的地方。A. what什么；estimate估计；B. that(无意义，起连接作用)；boost促进；C. how如何；react反应；D. whether是否；appreciate欣赏，感激。第一空引导主语从句，从句结构、意义完整，使用that引导；结合“bring them to more places worldwide.”可知，此处指“新的数字化技术能够促进文物的‘重生’”，故选B。 25. Asian elephants are among the most highly protected animals in China and _____ drove the elephants to make their long trip is still not completely certain. A. that B. which C. who D. what 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：亚洲象是中国最受保护的动物之一，是什么驱使大象进行长途旅行仍然不完全确定。由句意及空后的drove the elephants to make their long trip is still not completely certain可知此处应填主语从句的引导词，从句缺少主语，意为“……的事情；什么”，应用连接代词what。故选D项。 26. ______ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. A. What B. Why C. Whether D. How 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。 27. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ________ he could find about Mark Twain. A. whichever B. whatever C. however D. whoever 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：前几天，新来的人去图书馆查找他能找到的关于马克·吐温的资料。由句意及空后的he could find about Mark Twain可知应填whatever，意为“任何……的事物，任何事物”，引导宾语从句，在从句中作find的宾语，故选B项。 28. It remains to be seen ______ the newly formed committee’s policy can be ______. A. why; in its way B. whether; put into practice C. what; sentenced to death D. which; left an impression 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句和动词短语辨析。句意：新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。in its way阻碍，put into practice付诸实践，sentenced to death判死刑，left an impression留下印象；第一空引导主语从句，结合句意表示“是否”应用whether；空②应用动词短语put into practice(付诸实践)，表示政策是否会被付诸实施尚有待观察。故选B项。 29. ____ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by others. A. That B. Which C. What D. Whether 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：一些人认为是缺点的东西，在另一些人看来却是优点。引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，故用what。故选C。 30. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go. A. how B. what C. where D. why 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们去哪里更重要。由句意及空前的What students do at college seems to matter much more than以及空后的they go可知此处表示与做什么相比，学生去哪里似乎是更重要的，故选C项。 31. ______ is known to us all is that the conference will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. which D. who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们大家都知道，会议将在北京举行。分析句子结构可知，前半句为主语从句。从句缺少主语，指事物，所以用连接代词what引导。故选B。 32. ______ your opinion is, people ______ their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years. A. Whatever; are expressing. B. No matter what; have been expressing C. However; have expressed D. No matter which; express 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句和动词时态。句意：不管你的观点是什么，几千年来人们一直通过艺术来表达他们的思想和想法。第一空是让步状从句，连接词作表语，可以使用whatever或no matter what引导，意为“不管你的观点是什么”；第二空，根据句意及时间状语for thousands of years可知，此处强调的动作从过去发生，持续到现在，还有可能继续下去，应用现在完成进行时。故选B。 33. The project was completed so quickly because the workers ______ into seven units to undertake different tasks at the same time. A. were arranged B. had been arranged C. arranged D. have been arranged 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：这个项目完成得如此之快，因为工人们被安排成七个小组，同时承担不同的任务。由句意及空前的The project was completed so quickly because the workers可知空处动作发生在主句谓语动词was completed之前且从句主语the workers与arrange之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故选B项。 34. The number of Chinese sturgeons living in the wild ______ sharply to about 50 now from about 1,000 in 1982, according to researchers’ estimates. A. falls B. fell C. has fallen D. had fallen 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：据研究人员估计，野生中华鲟的数量从1982年的约1000只锐减到现在的约50只。根据句中的时间状语now可知，空格处应用现在完成时强调从过去持续到现在的结果和影响。故选C。 35. They read the letter to him on the air, “Hello, my name is Brenda Schmitz. When you receive this letter, I _____ my battle to cancer.” A. will lose B. have lost C. will have lost D. lose 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：他们在广播中念着给他的信：“你好，我叫布伦达·施密茨。当你收到这封信时，我将已经输掉了与癌症的战斗。”由句意可知， lose这个动作会在将来收到信这个时间点之前完成，强调到将来某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，符合将来完成时的概念，其结构是“will have + 过去分词”。故选C项。 36. It is the news ______ she will marry at such a young age ______surprised all of us. A. that; which B. which; that C. that; when D. that; that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句和强调句型。句意：她这么年轻就要结婚的消息使我们大家都感到惊讶。空①处为同位语从句，对名词news进行解释说明，从句成份和意义都完整，应用引导词that，空②应填that，构成强调句it is+强调部分+that+其他，本句强调主语the news，故选D项。 37. During the social media detox I felt awful. Not eating for two days ______ easier. A. was B. would have been C. must be D. is 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：在社交媒体排毒的那几天，我感觉糟透了。两天不吃饭（如果真的那样的话）会更容易些。句子表达的是对过去情况的假设，即“如果在那几天我真的两天不吃饭的话，会更容易些”。但实际上并没有这样做，所以这里用虚拟语气，谓语用would have been形式，来表达这种假设。故选B。 38. What we say should be _______ with what we do, which can _______ us good relationships. A. consistent; guarantee B. constant; ensure C. instant; assist D. consisting; ensure 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和动词的词义辨析。句意：我们所说的应该与我们所做的一致，这可以保证我们拥有良好的关系。A. consistent; guarantee一致的；保证；B. constant; ensure不变的；确保；C. instant; assist立刻的；协助；D. consisting; ensure由……组成；确保。我们所说的应该与我们所做的一致，第一个空格处应表达“一致的”，用形容词consistent；根据us good relationships可知，第二个空格处应表达“保证”，用guarantee。故选A。 39. A disease that _______ anywhere in the world will eventually spread everywhere. A. lays aside B. switches on C. maxes out D. pops up 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：无论在哪里出现的疾病最终都会传播到世界各地。A. lays aside放置一边，搁置；B. switches on打开，启动；C. maxes out用尽，达到极限；D. pops up突然出现。根据句意和下文的“anywhere in the world”和“will eventually spread everywhere”可知，此处描述的是一种疾病可以在任何地方出现并且能够传播的特性。故选D项。 40. My original _______ was to study all morning in the library, but this turned out to be impractical. A. occupation B. adaptation C. intention D. election 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我原本打算整个上午都在图书馆学习，但结果证明这是不切实际的。A. occupation 职业；占领；B. adaptation适应；改编；C. intention意图；打算；D. election选举。由句意及空后的“was to study all morning in the library, but this turned out to be impractical”可知，此处指的是我最初的打算是整个上午在图书馆学习，C项intention(打算；意图)符合句意，故选C项。 41. In order to be admitted into an ideal university, we should know ________ it takes ________ we can realize our dreams. A. that; when B. when; what C. how; that D. what, before 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句和状语从句。句意：为了考上一所理想的大学，我们应该知道在我们实现梦想之前需要什么。第一空，know后为宾语从句，it takes缺少宾语，用连接代词what引导从句；第二空引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”用before。故选D。 42. Tom, a shy boy, who lacks ______ confidence, doesn’t get ______ attention he deserves. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查冠词。句意：汤姆，一个害羞的男孩，他缺乏自信，没有得到应得的关注。confidence是不可数名词，且不是特指，所以第一个空不填冠词；he deserves是定语从句，修饰attention，表示特指，意为“他应得的关注”，所以第二个空填the。故选B。 43. Many divorces ________ from lack of communication, unless ________ properly, may have a bad influence on their children. A. rising; handled B. arisen; handling C. risen; handled D. arising; handled 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多由于缺乏沟通导致的离婚，如果处理不当，可能会对他们的孩子产生不好的影响。第一空rise表示“升起”不符合语境；arise表示“出现”，且与divorces构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语；第二空handle与divorces构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故选D。 44. ---Nowadays, people seem to care about their own interest more than others’. --- ______ we ____to the values of the past, life would be better! A. would …return B. had …returned C. were…to return D. did…return 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气和倒装句。句意：——现在，人们似乎更关心自己的利益而不是他人的。——要是我们能够回到过去的价值观，生活将会更好！此处为虚拟条件句省略if引出部分倒装句结构，根据句意以及主句的谓语动词would be可知，此处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟情况，所以，条件从句的谓语动词为“were to+动词原形”，省略if后，将were提置主语之前。故选C。 45. As predicted, 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi who shows great ______ in playing tennis has been admitted to the sport university for her talent. A. respect B. promise C. requirement D. considerate 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：正如预测的那样，19岁的索菲亚·乔吉（Sophia Giorgi）因其网球天赋被体育大学录取，她在网球方面表现出了巨大的潜力。A. respect尊重；B. promise允诺，获得成功的迹象；C. requirement要求；D. considerate体贴的。由句意和下文has been admitted to the sport university for her talent可知，这里指索菲亚·乔吉（Sophia Giorgi）在网球方面拥有巨大的潜力，即有获得成功的迹象。故选B项。 46. Fully ________ in balancing his business and family, Jane can spare little time for various activities in the club. A. devoted B. contributed C. occupied D. attached 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：简忙于平衡工作和家庭，几乎没有时间参加俱乐部的各种活动。A. devoted奉献；B. contributed做贡献；C. occupied忙于；D. attached附加。根据后文“Jane can spare little time for various activities in the club.”指忙于平衡工作和家庭，用(be) occupied in。故选C。 47. The research they had been devoted to ________ to be of great value to health care. A. being proved B. proving C. prove D. proved 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他们一直致力于的这项研究被证明对医疗保健有很大价值。系动词prove(证明是)作主句谓语，与主语The research之间是主动关系，描述过去的事情用一般过去时态proved。故选D项。 48. Tu Youyou，a physician, finally got to know _____ real success tastes like when she won the Nobel Prize in October. She pioneered a new approach to malaria(疟疾 )treatment _____has benefited billions of people. A. that ; what B. what ; that C. which ;that D. how; which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查从句。句意：今年10月，内科医生屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖，她终于尝到了真正成功的滋味。她开创了一种新的疟疾治疗方法，使数十亿人受益。know后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，连接词为what。先行词为a new approach to malaria(疟疾 )treatment，在定语从句中做主语，关系代词为that。故选B项。 49. Chinese First Lady Peng Liyuan said on the UN 70th anniversary that it was important for girls to go to school though women still ________ over half of the world’s poor in population and 60% of adults who can’t read. A. account for B. consist of C. set up D. put up 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国第一夫人彭丽媛在联合国成立70周年纪念日上表示，尽管女性仍然占世界贫困人口的一半以上，以及60%的成年文盲，但让女孩上学仍然很重要。A. account for占（比例）；B. consist of由……组成；C. set up建立；D. put up张贴，搭建。结合over half of the world’s poor in population可知，空格处应表达“占（比例）”，用account for。故选A。 50. If Paul had been taken to hospital without delay after the accident, he ________ all right now. A. must have been B. would have been C. would be D. hadn’t been 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果保罗在事故发生后及时被送往医院，他现在就没事了。由句意及空前的If Paul had been taken to hospital without delay after the accident以及空后的all right now可知If从句为对过去的虚拟，主句为对现在事实的虚拟，所以空处应用would +动词原形。故选C项。 51. Lots of waste was poured into the open air, which led to ________. A. a large number of birds having been killed B. kill a large number of birds C. a large number of birds’ being killed D. a large number of birds to kill 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词的复合结构。句意：大量的废物被倾倒到户外，导致大量鸟类死亡。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，led是从句的谓语动词，to是介词，其后加动名词作宾语；结合选项内容可知，a large number of birds是kill的逻辑主语，且为被动关系，所以此处用being done；又因为在动名词结构中，当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，通常用所有格形式，即a large number of birds’后加动名词，构成动名词复合结构。故选C。 52. — Do you know why they practice ______ the piano every day? — They practice _______ in the match to be held next week. A. playing; to join B. playing; joining C. to play; to join D. to play; joining 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——你知道他们为什么每天都练习弹钢琴吗？——他们练习是为了参加下周举行的比赛。practice doing sth.“练习做某事”，所以第一个空处需要动名词作宾语；第二个空处需要动词不定式作目的状语，表示“练习是为了参加下周举行的比赛”。故选A。 53. Techniques for _____ sleep involve learning to control both mind and body so that sleep can occur. A. promoting B. cultivating C. pushing D. strengthening 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：促进睡眠的技术包括学习控制身心，以便利于睡眠。A. promoting促进；B. cultivating培养；C. pushing推动；D. strengthening加强。由句意和下文so that sleep can occur可知，这里指促进睡眠的技术。故选A项。 54. ______, he could still lift the heavy rock without any difficulty. A. Weak while he seemed B. However weak as he seemed C. Weak as he seemed D. Weak although he seemed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然他看起来很虚弱，但他仍然可以毫不费力地举起那块大石头。由句意此处为让步状语从句，while引导让步状语从句时应位于句首，although引导让步状语从句应用正常语序，however引导让步状语从句时结构为however+adj./adv.+主语+谓语动词/系动词，as引导让步状语从句时必须使用倒装结构adj./adv.+as+主语+谓语动词/系动词，故选C项。 55. _______, so we had to stay at school instead of going for an outing. A. The day being cold B. Being a cold day C. It was a cold day D. Because the cold day 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：那天天气很冷，所以我们不得不待在学校，而不能去郊游。此处为so连接的并列句，前后为因果关系，故空处应为完整的句子。故选C。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共I5小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A Escape New York is powered by the New York Cycle Club, a 100% volunteer organization in the service of the New York Cycling community. And it is open to riders at all levels. The ride offers five routes. Bergen Spin, 25 miles. New to cycling? Is this your first time to ride outside of the Hudson Greenway or Central Park? Expand your horizons (视野) as you ride through the leafy Bergen County. Piermont Pleasures, 50 miles. Do you prefer a “touring” approach to cycling? Enjoy the scenery on our half-century trip to the historic village of Piermont on the Hudson. Rockland Roll, 75 miles. Looking for something new? Win over 4,000 feet of height gain as you wind your way uphill to scenic Rockland County. Century Challenge, 100 miles. Are you an experienced rider looking to take control of new territory (领地)？Climb nearly 6,000 feet while completing a journey through beautiful towns and countryside that take you into and around Harriman State Park. The Dirty Spin, 60 miles. For the first time in 24 years, Escape New York offers riders to escape the city on dirt roads. The 60-mile century route goes from Sakura Park to Nyack Beach State Park, offering 2,800 feet of height and being partly paved (铺) with hard rocks. The dirt route offers a different kind of journey. We recommend using a road bike with 28mm or wider tires on this route and we ask riders to be comfortable when riding on dirt roads and be able to guide on their own. Plus: All riders are to leave Manhattan via the George Washington Bridge and explore the beauty and history just across the Hudson River. 56. What can we know about Escape New York? A. It is a worldwide cycle club. B. It charges for the membership. C. It welcomes all kinds of riders. D. It is an official organization. 57. Some people choose Bergen Spin probably because ___________. A. they can enjoy natural beauty. B. they want to see the Central Park. C. it’s a new route appealing to riders. D. it’s the easiest for the inexperienced. 58. What is special about the Dirty Spin? A. It is a route with tough conditions. B. It provides riders with road bikes. C. It has a guide to lead the way. D. It is the longest route. 【答案】56. C 57. D 58. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Escape New York的骑行路线。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Escape New York is powered by the New York Cycle Club, a 100% volunteer organization in the service of the New York Cycling community. And it is open to riders at all levels. (“Escape New York”骑行活动由纽约自行车俱乐部发起，这是一个百分百由志愿者组成的组织，致力于为纽约的骑行爱好者群体服务。而且该活动对各个水平的骑行者都开放。)”可知，Escape New York欢迎各种水平的骑手，即它欢迎各种各样的骑手。故选C。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Bergen Spin, 25 miles. New to cycling? Is this your first time to ride outside of the Hudson Greenway or Central Park? (卑尔根短途骑行，25英里。你是刚开始骑行吗？这是你第一次在哈德逊绿道或中央公园之外骑行吗？)”可知，有些人选择Bergen Spin可能是因为这条路线适合新手，应该是最容易的路线。故选D。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中“For the first time in 24 years, Escape New York offers riders to escape the city on dirt roads. The 60-mile century route goes from Sakura Park to Nyack Beach State Park, offering 2,800 feet of height and being partly paved (铺) with hard rocks. (24年来第一次，Escape New York为骑手们提供了在土路上逃离城市的机会。这条60英里的世纪路线从樱花公园到尼亚克海滩州立公园，海拔2800英尺，部分路段铺有坚硬的岩石。)”可知，The Dirty Spin的特别之处在于它是一条条件艰苦的路线，部分路段是土路，且有一定的海拔高度。故选A。 B There’s a reason why you can’t resist the attractive call of McDonald’s, Target, and Netflix. What is the thing about these company logos (商标) that makes people stop in their tracks? They share a common color: red. That’s not by accident. People make judgments within a minute and a half after seeing a person or an object, according to the digital marketing firm WebpageFX. And as much as 90 percent of that impression is based on the color alone. Marketers use certain colors in their logo or advertisements to raise emotions and feelings that encourage people to buy, says Emily Carter, a web marketing analyst for WebpageFX. “Red is associated with increased heart rates, and it’s used to create a sense of urgency,” Carter says. “This is why you can often see red tags for clearance sales. The color red is also said to activate appetite, and is thus used by a number of restaurants, food and drinks brands like McDonald’s’ and Coca-Cola. On the other hand, the color blue is often used by corporate businesses, as it conveys a sense of security and trust.” Your attraction to red isn’t only because you’re hungry or looking for a good deal. The photo receivers in your eyes are particularly sensitive to long wavelength light, which we see as red. “There’s a motivation for making logos red because red is the most visible color,” says Bevil Conway, a neuroscientist and artist from the National Eye Institute. He and other researchers have studied how color translates across languages. “There’s increasing evidence that red is a special color. Of all colors, across the whole world, in all of the world’s languages, we communicate red most efficiently.” Bevil adds that the color red can be associated with both positive and negative emotions, which depends on how companies use it. Red may be angry and aggressive at stop signs, or it can signal love, attraction and valentines’ hearts. But it always stands out. 59. People’s first impression of something is mainly affected by ___________. A. the color of it B. the shape of it C. their own experience D. their own emotions 60. McDonald’s and Coca-Cola are used as examples to show ___________. A. red gives a sense of security and trust B. red can help raise people’s heart rate C. red can encourage people to eat D. red can make people buy more 61. Which of the following may Bevil Conway agree with? A. Most of the companies share a color in their logo. B. Red is the most widely used color across the globe. C. Companies always use red in logos because of its visibility. D. Red always attracts attention in spite of its opposite features. 62. Which of the following might be the best title of the text? A. What are the true meanings of some colors? B. Why do companies prefer red in their logo? C. The positive and negative influences of certain colors. D. The relationship between colors and people’s emotions. 【答案】59. A 60. C 61. D 62. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了现如今企业用红色作为其商标主色调的原因。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“People make judgments within a minute and a half after seeing a person or an object, according to the digital marketing firm WebpageFX. And as much as 90 percent of that impression is based on the color alone.(据数字营销公司WebpageFX称，人们在看到一个人或一个物体后一分半钟内就会做出判断。而且这种印象多达90% 仅仅基于颜色。)”可知，人们对事物的第一印象主要受其颜色的影响。故选A项。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The color red is also said to activate appetite, and is thus used by a number of restaurants, food and drinks brands like McDonald’s’ and Coca-Cola.(据说红色还能激发食欲，因此被许多餐厅以及像麦当劳和可口可乐这样的食品饮料品牌所使用。)”可知，麦当劳和可口可乐被用作例子是为了表明红色能鼓励人们进食。故选C项。 【61题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Red may be angry and aggressive at stop signs, or it can signal love, attraction and valentines’ hearts. But it always stands out.(在停车标志上，红色可能意味着愤怒和具有攻击性，或者它也可以象征爱、吸引力和情人节的心形。但它总是很显眼。)”可知，尽管红色有相反的象征意义，但它总是能吸引注意力，这与Bevil Conway的观点相符。故选D项。 【62题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇指出一些公司的标志因红色吸引人，接着阐述红色能引发情感、激发食欲、引人注目等特点，解释了公司在标志中使用红色的原因。所以B项Why do companies prefer red in their logo?(为什么公司在标志中更喜欢使用红色？)作为标题最合适。故选B项。 C Fog often leads to serious, costly accidents---particularly around airports, docks and highways. Monitoring visibility conditions in real time could improve public safety and save tens of millions of dollars in the transportation area alone. But conventional fog -detection systems---including satellites, visibility sensors and human observations---can suffer from poor resolution (分辨率), high cost or low sensitivity near the ground ,where monitoring is quite critical. Recently, engineers Noam David and H. Oliver Gao, both from Cornell University, developed a way to use signal data from cell-phone towers to detect atmospheric conditions that can easily develop fog. Wireless communications data are passed within networks of antenna towers (天线塔) as microwave radiation. And the change in weather conditions can affect the strength of signals received at the towers. Thus, communications data offer a low-cost, continuous means of fog monitoring. David and Gao successfully employed this approach to predict fog around the land in Tel Aviv, Israel, for over an hour before it appeared. They identified patterns in how the strength of microwave signals is altered in response to different humidity (湿度) and temperature. Unlike satellites, the method distinguishes between ground-level fog and low-level clouds. Communication networks are used effectively worldwide, which would make it easy to adopt this method in most regions. “In principle, we could use existing systems for day-to-day early detection of fog formation,” David says. “Because system data can be received in real time, we can imagine short-term early warning against fog." He advocates careful testing in diverse parts of the word to explore the method's limitations. The new work shows it is possible to detect the conditions that happen before fog forms. Kelly Caylor, an environmental scientist, who was not involved in the work, says, “It's a significant step forward. There's something remarkable and quite satisfying about finding so many signals in what would otherwise be considered noise.” 63. What can we know about the conventional fog-detection systems? A. They do not work very well. B. They're only elective in some areas. C. They've been improved in transportation. D. They do not monitor the situation near the ground. 64. The underlined word “altered” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________. A. Emphasized. . B. Generated. C. Detected. D. Changed. 65. What is Kelly Caylor's attitude towards the new way of detecting fog? A. Indifferent. B. Favorable. C. Critical. D. Doubtful. 66. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Different opinions on a new way to detect fog. B. The wide availability of communication networks. C. The urgency of detecting fog to ensure public safety. D. The detection of fog through signals from cell-phone towers. 【答案】63. A 64. D 65. B 66. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是最近，来自康奈尔大学的工程师Noam David和H. Oliver Gao开发了一种方法，利用手机信号塔的信号数据来探测容易产生雾的大气条件。 【63题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“But conventional fog -detection systems---including satellites, visibility sensors and human observations---can suffer from poor resolution (分辨率), high cost or low sensitivity near the ground ,where monitoring is quite critical.”（但传统的雾探测系统——包括卫星、能见度传感器和人类观测——可能会面临分辨率低、成本高或在地面附近灵敏度低的问题，而地面的监测是非常关键的）可推知，传统的雾探测系统并不能很好地工作，故选A。 【64题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段的“They identified patterns in how the strength of microwave signals is altered in response to different humidity (湿度) and temperature”（他们发现了微波信号强度在不同湿度和温度下的变化模式）尤其是“in response to different humidity (湿度) and temperature”（作为对不同湿度和温度的反应）可知，划线词altered意为“变化”，相当于changed，故选D。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Kelly Caylor, an environmental scientist, who was not involved in the work, says, “It's a significant step forward. There's something remarkable and quite satisfying about finding so many signals in what would otherwise be considered noise.”（ 没有参与这项工作的环境科学家Kelly Caylor说:“这是一个重大的进步。在原本被认为是噪音的地方发现这么多信号，这是一件了不起的事情，也相当令人满意”）可推知，Kelly Caylor对探测雾的新方法的态度是赞许的，即favorable，故选B。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是来自康奈尔大学的工程师Noam David和H. Oliver Gao开发了一种方法，利用手机信号塔的信号数据来探测容易产生雾的大气条件，因此本文主要是关于通过手机信号塔探测雾，故选D。 D Years of exposure to Americans has, at last, convinced me of something about their food culture. I now think they’re correct in one of life’s great dilemmas: when eating at a restaurant, it is really fine to politely send your food back if it is not what you ordered, or covered in cheese when you asked for no cheese, etc. Of course, the idea makes me feel anxious; the British fear of making a scene is planted in my soul. But what persuaded me, in the end, was realizing how self-centered that fear actually is. Are you really such a big deal that your no-cheese request will embarrass your fellow diners, ruin the waiter's day, and send waves of shock through the kitchen? Face it: you're not. Instead, you're in the situation of what might be termed “egocentric reticence (以自我为中心的沉默).” Egocentric reticence raised its head again the other day in a study about gratitude, which found that people underestimate how much delight a thank-you note can bring. The psychologists Amit Kumar and Nicholas Epley had people send grateful messages to someone who'd made a difference to their lives. Again and again, they found, senders assumed their words would lead to less happiness and more awkwardness than they really did, and that recipients would judge their letter-writing competence cruelly, too. Even in the seemingly selfless context of expressing gratitude, senders couldn’t help giving too much weight to their own perspective. So if you stop yourself from sending someone a thank-you note because you're worried you'll make them feel awkward or annoyed, you are letting egocentrism prevent an action that would have made both of you happier. The most acute form of egocentric reticence, surely, is extreme shyness. “Shyness is just egotism out of its depth,” famous actress Penelope Keith once told an interviewer. The quote was later regarded as a line the writer Sadie Stein credits with curing her own shyness. “For some reason, the clear cruelty of that quote was what I needed, ” Stein wrote. “OK, I thought... No one is looking at you.” 67. Before contacting Americans, the author thought sending restaurant food back was ________. A. certainly a customer's right B. fine to do just in some cultures C. acceptable but not worthy sometimes D. embarrassing and would cause trouble 68. If someone is in a situation of egocentric reticence, he might ________. A. hesitate to do something due to self-centered reasons B. keep sending waves of shock to others C. be ignorant of other people's feelings D. do something extremely embarrassing 69. What did the study about gratitude find? A. People may regard sending grateful messages unimportant. B. It's common for Americans to send a thank-you letter. C. It's important to thank others after being helped. D. People often take a thank-you note for granted. 70. What does Sadie Stein's story tell us? A. We sometimes need shyness to behave well. B. We should pay no attention to other people's thoughts. C. We can overcome our shyness by removing our egotism. D. We should avoid being exposed to other people's focus. 【答案】67. D 68. A 69. A 70. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过事例介绍了“以自我为中心的沉默”的心理危害，以及怎样克服。 【67题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Years of exposure to Americans has, at last, convinced me of something about their food culture. I now think they’re correct in one of life’s great dilemmas: when eating at a restaurant, it is really fine to politely send your food back if it is not what you ordered, or covered in cheese when you asked for no cheese, etc.(经过多年对美国人的接触，我终于对他们的饮食文化有了一些了解。我现在认为在生活中的一个重大窘境中他们是正确的：在餐馆吃饭时，如果你拿到的不是你点的食物，或者你要求不吃奶酪时上面覆盖着奶酪，那就礼貌地把食物退回去，等等。)”可以推知，作者在接触美国人之前认为把餐厅食物退回是令人为难并会引起麻烦的。故选D项。 【68题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Of course, the idea makes me feel anxious; the British fear of making a scene is planted in my soul. But what persuaded me, in the end, was realizing how self-centered that fear actually is.(当然，这个想法让我感到焦虑；英国人害怕大吵大闹的心理深深植在我的灵魂里。但最终说服我的是，我意识到这种恐惧其实是以自我为中心的。)”可以推知，一个人可能由于以自我为中心的原因，会感到恐惧而犹豫做某事。故选A项。 【69题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Egocentric reticence raised its head again the other day in a study about gratitude, which found that people underestimate how much delight a thank-you note can bring.(前几天，在一项关于感恩的研究中，以自我为中心的沉默再次抬头。该研究发现，人们低估了一封感谢信能带来多少快乐。)”可以推知，人们可能认为发送感激的信息不重要。故选A项。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Penelope Keith所说“Shyness is just egotism out of its depth.(害羞只是一种过分的自我主义)”以及“The quote was later regarded as a line the writer Sadie Stein credits with curing her own shyness.(这句话后来被认为是作家Sadie Stein治愈自己害羞的妙语。)”可知，Sadie Stein的故事告诉我们，我们可以通过消除自我主义来克服我们的羞怯。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The history of fireworks began around the first century BC, when the Chinese invented gunpowder (火药). ____71____ They used crackers (爆竹) to scare off bad spirits and express good wishes. Early Chinese fireworks were generally firecrackers, designed to make a loud sound. Marco Polo is generally believed to bring gunpowder to Europe. As a result, some Europeans attempted to copy the ways of making gunpowder in order to make their own fireworks. ____72____ It developed aerial shells (礼花弹) which could be forced up high before exploding. This invention further pushed fireworks’ development, making fireworks displays more attractive. With the development of aerial shells, the history of fireworks took off. Producers began trying to make greater and more complex fireworks which would explode into colorful designs. ____73____ Besides, they featured special colors, designs, and shapes which were meant to attract viewers, a far cry from the crackers of the 10th century. ____74____ In the 20th century, fireworks producers began to be concerned about them. They began to notice that many of the chemicals which create the beautiful colors associated with fireworks displays are quite harmful, and that fireworks also produce a lot of bad smoke. As a result, some fireworks producers began trying to produce the fireworks which would cause less smoke. While the history of fireworks has come quite a way from spirit-frightening crackers, fireworks displays continue to amaze people all over the world, and the bright colors of fireworks are closely associated with major celebrations in the eyes of many people. Fireworks displays are typically well-attended as a result. And companies which specialize in fireworks can charge high prices for their services, especially on major holidays. ____75____ A. Fireworks also have negative side effects. B. Fireworks displays began lasting much longer. C There were other three great inventions in ancient China. D. Italy made a special contribution to the history of fireworks. E. In spite of this, there are still many customers for the fireworks. F. Thus in Italy and Germany, several producers of fireworks appeared. G. By the 10th century AD, the Chinese had produced fireworks for New Year. 【答案】71. G 72. D 73. B 74. A 75. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了烟花的历史和发展。 【71题详解】 由上文“The history of fireworks began around the first century BC, when the Chinese invented gunpowder (火药). (烟花的历史始于公元前一世纪左右，当时中国人发明了火药)”及下文“They used crackers (爆竹）to scare off bad spirits and express good wishes. Early Chinese fireworks were generally firecrackers, designed to make a loud sound. (他们用爆竹来吓跑邪灵，表达美好的祝愿。早期的中国烟花一般都是爆竹，设计用来发出很大的声音)”可知，此处应介绍中国人发明火药后在烟花方面的发展。G选项“By the 10th century AD, the Chinese had produced fireworks for New Year. (到公元10世纪，中国人已经为新年制作烟花了)”能承上启下，说明中国烟花的发展，符合题意。故选G。 【72题详解】 由上文“Marco Polo is generally believed to bring gunpowder to Europe. As a result, some Europeans attempted to copy the ways of making gunpowder in order to make their own fireworks. (人们普遍认为，马可·波罗将火药带到了欧洲。因此，一些欧洲人试图模仿制造火药的方法来制作自己的烟花)”及下文“It developed aerial shells (礼花弹) which could be forced up high before exploding. This invention further pushed fireworks’ development, making fireworks displays more attractive. (它开发了礼花弹，这种弹可以在爆炸前被推到高空。这一发明进一步推动了烟花的发展，使烟花表演更具吸引力)”可知，上文提到欧洲人试图模仿制造火药的方法来制作自己的烟花，下文则说某项发明推动了烟花的发展，说明空格处应说明是哪个国家或地区对烟花的发展做出了贡献。D选项“Italy made a special contribution to the history of fireworks. (意大利对烟花的历史做出了特殊贡献)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 【73题详解】 由上文“Producers began trying to make greater and more complex fireworks which would explode into colorful designs. (生产商开始尝试制作更大、更复杂的烟花，这些烟花爆炸后会呈现出五彩缤纷的图案)”及下文“Besides, they featured special colors, designs, and shapes which were meant to attract viewers, a far cry from the crackers of the 10th century. (此外，它们以特殊的颜色、设计和形状为特色，旨在吸引观众，这与10世纪的爆竹大相径庭)”可知，上文提到烟花生产商开始制作更复杂的烟花，下文则说这些烟花有特殊的颜色、设计和形状，旨在吸引观众，此处应继续说明这些复杂烟花的特点。B选项“Fireworks displays began lasting much longer. (烟花表演开始持续更长的时间)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 【74题详解】 由下文“In the 20th century, fireworks producers began to be concerned about them. They began to notice that many of the chemicals which create the beautiful colors associated with fireworks displays are quite harmful, and that fireworks also produce a lot of bad smoke. As a result, some fireworks producers began trying to produce the fireworks which would cause less smoke. (20世纪，烟花生产商开始对此表示担忧。他们开始注意到，许多用来制造烟花美丽色彩的化学物质是相当有害的，而且烟花还会产生大量有害气体。因此，一些烟花生产商开始尝试生产烟雾更少的烟花)”可知，本段介绍的是烟花的负面影响。A选项“Fireworks also have negative side effects. (烟花也有负面影响)”能概括下文主旨，符合题意。故选A。 【75题详解】 由上文“While the history of fireworks has come quite a way from spirit-frightening crackers, fireworks displays continue to amaze people all over the world, and the bright colors of fireworks are closely associated with major celebrations in the eyes of many people. Fireworks displays are typically well-attended as a result. And companies which specialize in fireworks can charge high prices for their services, especially on major holidays. (虽然烟花的历史已经从吓唬人的爆竹发展到了相当的程度，但烟花表演仍然让世界各地的人们惊叹不已，在许多人眼中，烟花的鲜艳色彩与重大庆祝活动紧密相连。因此，烟花表演通常都很受欢迎。而专门从事烟花的公司可以对他们的服务收取高价，尤其是在重大节日)”可知，此处应总结烟花虽然有负面影响但仍有很多人喜欢。E选项“In spite of this, there are still many customers for the fireworks. (尽管如此，烟花仍有许多顾客)”能总结上文，符合题意。故选E。 第三部分 语言运用 （共两小节，共30分） 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后务题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On a weekday evening, Jane was at home as usual. She was unexpectedly___76___ by an urgent call from her sister “Get over here! Turn on NBC and check these guys out. They are just like you ...” One message and a phone interview later, Jane ___77___ herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the extreme desert heat of Utah, picking up garbage and raising ___78___ about zero-waste and climate change. With a deep ___79___ of the environment and a desire to make a___80___, Jane, Davey, and a group of self-described “environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast-to-coast roadside garbage pick-up. As they walked, sometimes only ___81___ 0.9 miles in an entire day, they ___82___ and steadily made their way across the United States, picking up a total of 201,678 pounds of garbage in three years. During an interview, Jane and Davey ___83___ wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fuelled their ___84___ to continue their journey. After spending weeks silently ____85____how she would have enough money to fly home for their spring break, Jane received an envelope ____86____ with $850 cash in the desert, just enough to get her home and back. After their bus ____87____ outside of Denver, they unexpectedly got help and ____88____ Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just in time for a mission to clean up garbage all over the park. Jane and Davey are like so many unsung heroes in our community. Their commitment to working in small, meaningful ways ____89____ a call for real change. What they have done is a reminder that we can all be of ____90____. 76. A. blamed B. frightened C. moved D. interrupted 77. A. found B. cheered C. dropped D. broadcast 78. A. money B. awareness C. voice D. eagerness 79. A. pride B. trust C. love D. fear 80. A. plan B. promise C. choice D. difference 81. A. measuring B. covering C. checking D. hiking 82. A. slowly B. secretly C. helplessly D. frequently 83. A. heard B. read C. submitted D. shared 84. A. needs B. preference C. efforts D. fantasy 85. A. learning about B. hesitating over C. worrying about D. looking over 86. A. filled B. supplied C. decorated D. equipped 87. A. set off B. broke down C. pulled out D. speeded up 88. A. reached B. visited C. explored D. encountered 89. A. repeats B. answers C. ignores D. demonstrates 90. A. confidence B. authority C. service D. importance 【答案】76. D 77. A 78. B 79. C 80. D 81. B 82. A 83. D 84. C 85. C 86. A 87. B 88. A 89. D 90. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了出于对环境的深深热爱，简和一群志同道合的伙伴开始了一场从海岸到海岸的垃圾捡拾活动，同时也在宣传环境保护，提高公众的环保意识。在这过程中也收获了很多帮助和鼓舞。 【76题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她突然被姐姐打来的紧急电话打断了：“快过来！打开NBC，看看这些家伙。他们就像你一样……”A. blamed责备；B. frightened吓唬，使受到惊吓；C. moved移动；感动；D. interrupted打断。根据上文“On a weekday evening, Jane was at home as usual.”可知，她正在家里做自己的事情，这时姐姐突然打来的电话应该是打断了她的平静。故选D项。 【77题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一条信息和一次电话通话之后，简发现自己和8个陌生人在犹他州极端炎热的沙漠中坐在一辆公共汽车上，捡垃圾，提高人们对零废物和气候变化的认识。A. found发现；B. cheered欢呼；C. dropped放弃；掉落；D. broadcast广播。根据下文“herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the extreme desert heat of Utah,”可知，动词find可以加反身代词之后加介词短语作宾语补足语，表示不知不觉的情况下突然发现自己处于某状态。故选A项。 【78题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一条信息和一次电话通话之后，简发现自己和8个陌生人在犹他州极端炎热的沙漠中坐在一辆公共汽车上，捡垃圾，提高人们对零废物和气候变化的认识。A. money钱；B. awareness意识；C. voice声音；D. eagerness渴望。根据空前“picking up garbage and raising …”及空后“about zero-waste and climate change.”可知，简和这些人在做环保公益，他们边捡拾垃圾边宣传提升人们对于环保的意识。故选B项。 【79题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：出于对环境的热爱和改变环境的渴望，简、戴维和一群自称为“捡垃圾环保艺术家”的人开始了一场从海岸到海岸的路边垃圾拾取活动。A. pride骄傲；B. trust信任；C. love爱；D. fear恐惧。根据下文“Jane, Davey, and a group of self-described “environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast-to-coast roadside garbage pick-up.”可知，简和她的伙伴们在自发地做环保项目，他们应该对环境是热爱的。故选C项。 【80题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：出于对环境的热爱和渴望产生影响，简、戴维和一群自称为“捡垃圾环保艺术家”的人开始了一场从海岸到海岸的路边垃圾拾取活动。A. plan计划；B. promise承诺，诺言；C. choice选择；D. difference差异，区别。根据下文“Jane, Davey, and a group of self-described “environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast-to-coast roadside garbage pick-up.”可知，简和她的伙伴们在自发地做环保项目，她们想对环境或对公众的环保意识产生一些影响，短语make a difference意为“产生影响，有一番作为”符合语境。故选D项。 【81题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们走路的时候，有时一天只走0.9英里，但他们缓慢而稳定地穿越美国，在三年的时间里总共捡起了201,678磅的垃圾。A. measuring测量；衡量；B. covering覆盖；走过；足以支付；C. checking查看，核实；D. hiking徒步。根据后面宾语“0.9 miles in an entire day”可知，这里指，一天走过的路程，动词cover可表示走过了多少的路程。故选B项。 【82题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们走路的时候，有时一天只走0.9英里，但他们缓慢而稳定地穿越美国，在三年的时间里总共捡起了201,678磅的垃圾。A. slowly缓慢地；B. secretly悄悄地；秘密地；C. helplessly无助地；D. frequently频繁地。根据上文“As they walked, sometimes only covering 0.9 miles in an entire day,”可知，一整天只走过0.9英里，应该是走得很慢。故选A项。 【83题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一次采访中，简和戴维分享了关于希望和鼓舞的精彩故事，这些故事激励着他们继续自己的旅程。A. heard听到，听说；B. read阅读；C. submitted提交；D. shared分享。根据上文“During an interview,”及后面宾语“wonderful stories of hope and inspiration”可知，在采访中，应该是向听众分享自己经历过的故事。故选D项。 【84题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次采访中，简和戴维分享了关于希望和鼓舞的精彩故事，这些故事激励着他们继续自己的旅程。A. needs需求；B. preference偏爱；C. efforts努力；辛苦付出；D. fantasy幻想。根据上文“wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fuelled their…”及空后“to continue their journey.”可知，继续他们的环保之旅是需要付出努力，那些充满希望与激励的故事能够为他们接下来要做出的努力提供动力。故选C项。 【85题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：几个星期以来，简一直在默默担心自己怎么才能有足够的钱坐飞机回家度春假。A. learning about 了解；B. hesitating over犹豫；C. worrying about担心；D. looking over俯瞰；检查；照看。根据上文“One message and a phone interview later, Jane found herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the extreme desert heat of Utah, picking up garbage and raising awareness about zero-waste and climate change.”及“With a deep love of the environment and a desire to make a difference, Jane, Davey, and a group of self-described “environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast-to-coast roadside garbage pick-up.”可知，他们在做的事情是没有酬劳的，所以应该对于买机票的费用是担心的。故选C项。 【86题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，她在沙漠里收到了一个信封，里面装着850美元现金，刚好够她往返。A. filled装满；B. supplied供应；C. decorated装饰；D. equipped装备。根据“an envelope ___11___ with $850 cash”可知，该空是envelope的后置定语，钱应该是装在信封里的。故选A项。 87题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们乘坐的公共汽车在丹佛郊外抛锚后，他们意外地得到了帮助，在三周后到达约塞米蒂国家公园，及时赶上了清理公园里垃圾的任务。A. set off出发；燃放；B. broke down出故障；C. pulled out掏出；D. speeded up加速。根据下文“they unexpectedly got help”可知，他们需要帮助，应该是汽车出故障。故选B项。 【88题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们乘坐的公共汽车在丹佛郊外抛锚后，他们意外地得到了帮助，在三周后到达约塞米蒂国家公园，正好赶上了清理公园里垃圾的任务。A. reached到达；联系；B. visited参观；拜访；C. explored探索；D. encountered邂逅，遇到。根据下文“just in time for a mission to clean up garbage all over the park.”可知，汽车修好后，应该是及时到达了这个公园，完成了预先安排在这个公园的任务。故选A项。 【89题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们致力于以小而有意义的方式工作，这表明了对真正变革的呼吁。A. repeats重复；B. answers回答；C. ignores忽视；不理睬；D. demonstrates展示，证明。根据主语their commitment和宾语a call for real change 可知，他们的这种奉献就表明了一种呼吁，希望每个人参与环境保护。 故选D项。 【90题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的所作所为提醒我们，我们都可以有所贡献的。A. confidence信心；B. authority权威；C. service服务；D. importance重要意义。根据“Their commitment to working in small, meaningful ways demonstrates a call for real change”可知，他们的用小而有意义的方式献身环保，这是一种呼吁，提醒大家，我们每个人都可以有能力做一些小事却对环境保护也是有帮助的，也是为环保事业服务，短语be of service意为“帮助的，有用的”，符合语境;be of importance一般主语是事情，本句主语是人。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） China launched the Shenzhou XI manned spacecraft ___91___ Monday morning of October 17 to transport two astronauts to the Tiangong II space laboratory. The spacecraft ___92___ (send) skyward at 7:30 am atop (在……顶上) a Long March 2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China, ___93___ (carry) two male astronauts – Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong. After the launch, the spacecraft will travel two days before docking (对接) with the Tiangong II, ___94___ was lifted from the Jiuquan center in mid-September. Then the astronauts will enter the space lab and stay there for 30 days, and it will be the longest space stay by Chinese astronauts. The main ___95___ (task) of the Shenzhou XI mission are to test docking technologies for the country’s ___96___ (plan) space station, to verify the life-support capability of the spacecraft-space lab combination as well as conduct ___97___ (science) research. China is ___98___ third country in the world that has ___99___ (depend) fulfilled manned spaceflight following the former Soviet Union and the United States. Its space program aims ___100___ (place) a permanent manned space station into service around 2022. 【答案】91. on 92. was sent 93. carrying 94. which 95. tasks 96. planned 97. scientific 98. the 99. independently 100. to place 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神舟十一号载人飞船发射的相关情况。 【91题详解】 考查介词。句意：10月17日星期一上午，中国发射了神舟十一号载人飞船，将两名宇航员运送到天宫二号空间实验室。表示在具体某天的早上，应用介词on，on Monday morning of October 17“在10月17日星期一上午”。故填on。 【92题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：飞船于上午7:30在中国西北部酒泉卫星发射中心的长征2F火箭上升空，搭载了两名男宇航员——景海鹏和陈冬。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语spacecraft和sent是被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was sent。 【93题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：飞船于上午7:30在中国西北部酒泉卫星发射中心的长征2F火箭上升空，搭载了两名男宇航员——景海鹏和陈冬。空处用非谓语动词作伴随状语，carry和逻辑主语spacecraft为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填carrying。 【94题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：发射后，飞船将飞行两天，然后与天宫二号对接。天宫二号于9月中旬从酒泉中心升空。空处引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词Tiangong II在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导句子。故填which。 【95题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：神舟十一号任务的主要任务是为国家计划中的空间站测试对接技术，验证航天器-空间实验室组合的生命保障能力以及进行科学研究。空处作主语，名词task“任务”符合，根据谓语动词are可知主语应用复数形式。故填tasks。 【96题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟十一号任务主要任务是为国家计划中的空间站测试对接技术，验证航天器-空间实验室组合的生命保障能力以及进行科学研究。空处作定语修饰名词词组space station，且与plan之间为被动关系，故plan用过去分词。故填planned。 【97题详解】 考查形容词。句意：神舟十一号任务的主要任务是为国家计划中的空间站测试对接技术，验证航天器-空间实验室组合的生命保障能力以及进行科学研究。修饰名词research，表示“科学的”，形容词scientific符合题意。故填scientific。 【98题详解】 考查冠词。句意：中国是继前苏联和美国之后，世界上第三个独立完成载人航天的国家。表示“第三”应用the third。故填the。 【99题详解】 考查副词。句意：中国是继前苏联和美国之后，世界上第三个独立完成载人航天的国家。修饰动词has fulfilled应用提示词的副词形式，independently“独立地”符合题意。故填independently。 【100题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国太空计划的目标是在2022年左右建立一个永久载人空间站。结合句意表达“旨在做某事”用aim to do sth.，不定式作宾语。故填to place。 第四部分 基础写作（满分 15 分） 101. 假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生，你校的武术社团将于下月成立。请你写一则英语海报，内容包括： 1. 社团介绍； 2. 报名方式和截止时间。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：武术 martial art ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version A martial arts club is to open next month！ In order to keep traditional Chinese culture alive and improve students’ general health, our school is to open a martial arts club next month. Mr. Wang, the former champion of the martial arts competition in our city, will serve as the coach of the club. It is a great opportunity for you to strengthen your body and learn skills to defend yourself. Club members are expected to receive training on Wednesday and Friday afternoons after school. If you’re interested, please sign up before Aug. 26 by sending an email to martialarts@hail.com. You are sure to benefit both physically and mentally because of your involvement. We are looking forward to your participation 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一则英语海报，介绍学校将于下月成立的武术社团。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提高：improve→enhance 机会：opportunity→chance 传统的：traditional→conventional 期望：expect→anticipate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Mr. Wang, the former champion of the martial arts competition in our city, will serve as the coach of the club. 拓展句：Mr. Wang, who is the former champion of the martial arts competition in our city, will serve as the coach of the club. 【点睛】[高分句型1] In order to keep traditional Chinese culture alive and improve students’ general health, our school is to open a martial arts club next month. (运用了不定式作状语) [高分句型2] If you’re interested, please sign up before Aug. 26 by sending an email to martialarts@hail.com. (运用了if的条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级开学考试卷 英语 （考试时间120分钟，总分150分） 第一部分 单项选择, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案 (共 55 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 55 分)。 1. The local guide told the explorers that ropes and knives were ________ wanted to go into the inner part of the mountain must take along. A. that whoever B. what who C. what whoever D. that who 2. The number on the card should be _______ with the one on the chequebook. A. intent B. exquisite C. profound D. identical 3. Winning this contract is _______ to the success of the company. A. heartbreaking B. terrifying C. crucial D. stunning 4. We are working on the ________ that everyone invited will turn up. A. finding B. assumption C. consumption D. predicament 5. Meanwhile there are some disadvantages on Web such as complex information as to _____ learners and to fail teachers preparing in knowledge and methods. A. misjudge B. misunderstand C. misestimate D. misguide 6. There is convincing evidence of a link between _______ to sun and skin cancer. A. exposure B. blaze C. heat D. burn 7. The police have ______ two suspects from their investigation. A. restricted B. kidnapped C. acknowledged D. eliminated 8. He was always _____, even when things were at their worst. A. optimistic B. advanced C. repulsive D. heartfelt 9. Japan has been trying to bring its nuclear crisis _______, but the spread of radiation has raised concerns about the safety of the nuclear energy. A. under repair B. under control C. under construction D. under review 10. You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as ______ success. A. a desire for B. a request for C. a talent for D. a necessity for 11. In Western high schools, poetry is hardly taught because it is considered to be ______ and have little to do with the life of today’s students. A. out of reach B. out of service C. out of date D. out of sight 12. With blood ______ from his leg, he made it to a nearby house. A. to pour B. poured C. pour D. pouring 13. Only when a reservoir is built here _______ our irrigation problem. A. can we solve B. did we solve C. have we solved D. had we solved 14. ______ culture differs from area to area, one thing is for sure: Culture changes. A. If B. Though C. When D. Unless 15. If you miss this chance, it may be years _____ you get another one. A since B. after C. when D. before 16. I’m convinced that adults are as glad as the children are _____ the good news. A. to hear B. hearing C. heard D. hear 17. Yes, Tongli is home to a great many souvenir shops and local products, but what amazed me was _____ well the town is preserved despite being open to tourism: A good balance between commercial activities and local life. A. that B. how C. though D. what 18. People ____ worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be ____ they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health. A. who; because B. who; why C. which; what D. which; how 19. It is uncertain _____ the rise is caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors, but previous studies have suggested daylight exposure is the key. A. how B. where C. what D. whether 20. So you have to be sure that ______ posted the information knows ______ they’re talking about, especially if you are doing research! A. no matter who; that B. whoever; what C. whomever; how D. no matter whom; which 21. ______ has moved many moviegoers to tears is the story of young warriors risking it all to defend their motherland. A. Which B. What C. Who D. Why 22. There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _____ another man, also intelligent, fails. A. what B. that C. when D. while 23. They are required to reflect on ________ they are grateful for and ________ they can shine light on others as well. A. what; how B. which; what C. who; that D. whom; which 24. It is hoped _____ the new digitalized technologies will _____ the “rebirth” of the cultural relics, and bring them to more places worldwide. A. what; estimate B. that; boost C. how; react D. whether; appreciate 25. Asian elephants are among the most highly protected animals in China and _____ drove the elephants to make their long trip is still not completely certain. A. that B. which C. who D. what 26. ______ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. A. What B. Why C. Whether D. How 27. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ________ he could find about Mark Twain. A. whichever B. whatever C. however D. whoever 28. It remains to be seen ______ the newly formed committee’s policy can be ______. A. why; in its way B. whether; put into practice C. what; sentenced to death D. which; left an impression 29. ____ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by others. A. That B. Which C. What D. Whether 30. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go. A. how B. what C. where D. why 31. ______ is known to us all is that the conference will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. which D. who 32. ______ your opinion is, people ______ their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years. A. Whatever; are expressing. B. No matter what; have been expressing C. However; have expressed D. No matter which; express 33. The project was completed so quickly because the workers ______ into seven units to undertake different tasks at the same time. A. were arranged B. had been arranged C. arranged D. have been arranged 34. The number of Chinese sturgeons living in the wild ______ sharply to about 50 now from about 1,000 in 1982, according to researchers’ estimates. A. falls B. fell C. has fallen D. had fallen 35. They read the letter to him on the air, “Hello, my name is Brenda Schmitz. When you receive this letter, I _____ my battle to cancer.” A. will lose B. have lost C. will have lost D. lose 36. It is the news ______ she will marry at such a young age ______surprised all of us. A. that; which B. which; that C. that; when D. that; that 37. During the social media detox I felt awful. Not eating for two days ______ easier. A. was B. would have been C. must be D. is 38. What we say should be _______ with what we do, which can _______ us good relationships. A. consistent; guarantee B. constant; ensure C. instant; assist D. consisting; ensure 39. A disease that _______ anywhere in the world will eventually spread everywhere. A. lays aside B. switches on C. maxes out D. pops up 40. My original _______ was to study all morning in the library, but this turned out to be impractical. A. occupation B. adaptation C. intention D. election 41. In order to be admitted into an ideal university, we should know ________ it takes ________ we can realize our dreams. A. that; when B. when; what C. how; that D. what, before 42. Tom a shy boy, who lacks ______ confidence, doesn’t get ______ attention he deserves. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / 43. Many divorces ________ from lack of communication, unless ________ properly, may have a bad influence on their children. A. rising; handled B. arisen; handling C. risen; handled D. arising; handled 44. ---Nowadays, people seem to care about their own interest more than others’. --- ______ we ____to the values of the past, life would be better! A. would …return B. had …returned C. were…to return D. did…return 45. As predicted, 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi who shows great ______ in playing tennis has been admitted to the sport university for her talent. A. respect B. promise C. requirement D. considerate 46. Fully ________ in balancing his business and family, Jane can spare little time for various activities in the club. A. devoted B. contributed C. occupied D. attached 47. The research they had been devoted to ________ to be of great value to health care. A. being proved B. proving C. prove D. proved 48. Tu Youyou，a physician, finally got to know _____ real success tastes like when she won the Nobel Prize in October. She pioneered a new approach to malaria(疟疾 )treatment _____has benefited billions of people. A. that ; what B. what ; that C. which ;that D. how; which 49. Chinese First Lady Peng Liyuan said on the UN 70th anniversary that it was important for girls to go to school though women still ________ over half of the world’s poor in population and 60% of adults who can’t read. A. account for B. consist of C. set up D. put up 50. If Paul had been taken to hospital without delay after the accident, he ________ all right now. A. must have been B. would have been C. would be D. hadn’t been 51. Lots of waste was poured into the open air, which led to ________. A. a large number of birds having been killed B. kill a large number of birds C. a large number of birds’ being killed D. a large number of birds to kill 52. — Do you know why they practice ______ the piano every day? — They practice _______ in the match to be held next week. A. playing; to join B. playing; joining C. to play; to join D. to play; joining 53. Techniques for _____ sleep involve learning to control both mind and body so that sleep can occur. A. promoting B. cultivating C. pushing D. strengthening 54. ______, he could still lift the heavy rock without any difficulty. A. Weak while he seemed B. However weak as he seemed C. Weak as he seemed D. Weak although he seemed 55. _______, so we had to stay at school instead of going for an outing. A. The day being cold B. Being a cold day C. It was a cold day D. Because the cold day 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共I5小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A Escape New York is powered by the New York Cycle Club, a 100% volunteer organization in the service of the New York Cycling community. And it is open to riders at all levels. The ride offers five routes. Bergen Spin, 25 miles. New to cycling? Is this your first time to ride outside of the Hudson Greenway or Central Park? Expand your horizons (视野) as you ride through the leafy Bergen County. Piermont Pleasures, 50 miles. Do you prefer a “touring” approach to cycling? Enjoy the scenery on our half-century trip to the historic village of Piermont on the Hudson. Rockland Roll, 75 miles. Looking for something new? Win over 4,000 feet of height gain as you wind your way uphill to scenic Rockland County. Century Challenge, 100 miles. Are you an experienced rider looking to take control of new territory (领地)？Climb nearly 6,000 feet while completing a journey through beautiful towns and countryside that take you into and around Harriman State Park. The Dirty Spin, 60 miles. For the first time in 24 years, Escape New York offers riders to escape the city on dirt roads. The 60-mile century route goes from Sakura Park to Nyack Beach State Park, offering 2,800 feet of height and being partly paved (铺) with hard rocks. The dirt route offers a different kind of journey. We recommend using a road bike with 28mm or wider tires on this route and we ask riders to be comfortable when riding on dirt roads and be able to guide on their own. Plus: All riders are to leave Manhattan via the George Washington Bridge and explore the beauty and history just across the Hudson River. 56. What can we know about Escape New York? A. It is a worldwide cycle club. B. It charges for the membership. C. It welcomes all kinds of riders. D. It is an official organization. 57. Some people choose Bergen Spin probably because ___________. A. they can enjoy natural beauty. B. they want to see the Central Park. C. it’s a new route appealing to riders. D. it’s the easiest for the inexperienced. 58. What is special about the Dirty Spin? A. It is a route with tough conditions. B. It provides riders with road bikes. C. It has a guide to lead the way. D. It is the longest route. B There’s a reason why you can’t resist the attractive call of McDonald’s, Target, and Netflix. What is the thing about these company logos (商标) that makes people stop in their tracks? They share a common color: red. That’s not by accident. People make judgments within a minute and a half after seeing a person or an object, according to the digital marketing firm WebpageFX. And as much as 90 percent of that impression is based on the color alone. Marketers use certain colors in their logo or advertisements to raise emotions and feelings that encourage people to buy, says Emily Carter, a web marketing analyst for WebpageFX. “Red is associated with increased heart rates, and it’s used to create a sense of urgency,” Carter says. “This is why you can often see red tags for clearance sales. The color red is also said to activate appetite, and is thus used by a number of restaurants, food and drinks brands like McDonald’s’ and Coca-Cola. On the other hand, the color blue is often used by corporate businesses, as it conveys a sense of security and trust.” Your attraction to red isn’t only because you’re hungry or looking for a good deal. The photo receivers in your eyes are particularly sensitive to long wavelength light, which we see as red. “There’s a motivation for making logos red because red is the most visible color,” says Bevil Conway, a neuroscientist and artist from the National Eye Institute. He and other researchers have studied how color translates across languages. “There’s increasing evidence that red is a special color. Of all colors, across the whole world, in all of the world’s languages, we communicate red most efficiently.” Bevil adds that the color red can be associated with both positive and negative emotions, which depends on how companies use it. Red may be angry and aggressive at stop signs, or it can signal love, attraction and valentines’ hearts. But it always stands out. 59. People’s first impression of something is mainly affected by ___________. A. the color of it B. the shape of it C. their own experience D. their own emotions 60. McDonald’s and Coca-Cola are used as examples to show ___________. A. red gives a sense of security and trust B. red can help raise people’s heart rate C. red can encourage people to eat D. red can make people buy more 61. Which of the following may Bevil Conway agree with? A. Most of the companies share a color in their logo. B. Red is the most widely used color across the globe. C. Companies always use red in logos because of its visibility. D. Red always attracts attention in spite of its opposite features. 62. Which of the following might be the best title of the text? A. What are the true meanings of some colors? B. Why do companies prefer red in their logo? C. The positive and negative influences of certain colors. D. The relationship between colors and people’s emotions. C Fog often leads to serious, costly accidents---particularly around airports, docks and highways. Monitoring visibility conditions in real time could improve public safety and save tens of millions of dollars in the transportation area alone. But conventional fog -detection systems---including satellites, visibility sensors and human observations---can suffer from poor resolution (分辨率), high cost or low sensitivity near the ground ,where monitoring is quite critical. Recently, engineers Noam David and H. Oliver Gao, both from Cornell University, developed a way to use signal data from cell-phone towers to detect atmospheric conditions that can easily develop fog. Wireless communications data are passed within networks of antenna towers (天线塔) as microwave radiation. And the change in weather conditions can affect the strength of signals received at the towers. Thus, communications data offer a low-cost, continuous means of fog monitoring. David and Gao successfully employed this approach to predict fog around the land in Tel Aviv, Israel, for over an hour before it appeared. They identified patterns in how the strength of microwave signals is altered in response to different humidity (湿度) and temperature. Unlike satellites, the method distinguishes between ground-level fog and low-level clouds. Communication networks are used effectively worldwide, which would make it easy to adopt this method in most regions. “In principle, we could use existing systems for day-to-day early detection of fog formation,” David says. “Because system data can be received in real time, we can imagine short-term early warning against fog." He advocates careful testing in diverse parts of the word to explore the method's limitations. The new work shows it is possible to detect the conditions that happen before fog forms. Kelly Caylor, an environmental scientist, who was not involved in the work, says, “It's a significant step forward. There's something remarkable and quite satisfying about finding so many signals in what would otherwise be considered noise.” 63. What can we know about the conventional fog-detection systems? A. They do not work very well. B. They're only elective in some areas. C. They've been improved in transportation. D They do not monitor the situation near the ground. 64. The underlined word “altered” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________. A. Emphasized. . B. Generated. C. Detected. D. Changed. 65. What is Kelly Caylor's attitude towards the new way of detecting fog? A. Indifferent. B. Favorable. C. Critical. D. Doubtful. 66. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Different opinions on a new way to detect fog. B. The wide availability of communication networks. C. The urgency of detecting fog to ensure public safety. D. The detection of fog through signals from cell-phone towers. D Years of exposure to Americans has, at last, convinced me of something about their food culture. I now think they’re correct in one of life’s great dilemmas: when eating at a restaurant, it is really fine to politely send your food back if it is not what you ordered, or covered in cheese when you asked for no cheese, etc. Of course, the idea makes me feel anxious; the British fear of making a scene is planted in my soul. But what persuaded me, in the end, was realizing how self-centered that fear actually is. Are you really such a big deal that your no-cheese request will embarrass your fellow diners, ruin the waiter's day, and send waves of shock through the kitchen? Face it: you're not. Instead, you're in the situation of what might be termed “egocentric reticence (以自我为中心的沉默).” Egocentric reticence raised its head again the other day in a study about gratitude, which found that people underestimate how much delight a thank-you note can bring. The psychologists Amit Kumar and Nicholas Epley had people send grateful messages to someone who'd made a difference to their lives. Again and again, they found, senders assumed their words would lead to less happiness and more awkwardness than they really did, and that recipients would judge their letter-writing competence cruelly, too. Even in the seemingly selfless context of expressing gratitude, senders couldn’t help giving too much weight to their own perspective. So if you stop yourself from sending someone a thank-you note because you're worried you'll make them feel awkward or annoyed, you are letting egocentrism prevent an action that would have made both of you happier. The most acute form of egocentric reticence, surely, is extreme shyness. “Shyness is just egotism out of its depth,” famous actress Penelope Keith once told an interviewer. The quote was later regarded as a line the writer Sadie Stein credits with curing her own shyness. “For some reason, the clear cruelty of that quote was what I needed, ” Stein wrote. “OK, I thought... No one is looking at you.” 67. Before contacting Americans, the author thought sending restaurant food back was ________. A. certainly a customer's right B. fine to do just in some cultures C. acceptable but not worthy sometimes D. embarrassing and would cause trouble 68. If someone is in a situation of egocentric reticence, he might ________. A. hesitate to do something due to self-centered reasons B keep sending waves of shock to others C. be ignorant of other people's feelings D. do something extremely embarrassing 69. What did the study about gratitude find? A. People may regard sending grateful messages unimportant. B. It's common for Americans to send a thank-you letter. C. It's important to thank others after being helped. D. People often take a thank-you note for granted. 70. What does Sadie Stein's story tell us? A. We sometimes need shyness to behave well. B. We should pay no attention to other people's thoughts. C. We can overcome our shyness by removing our egotism. D. We should avoid being exposed to other people's focus. 第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The history of fireworks began around the first century BC, when the Chinese invented gunpowder (火药). ____71____ They used crackers (爆竹) to scare off bad spirits and express good wishes. Early Chinese fireworks were generally firecrackers, designed to make a loud sound. Marco Polo is generally believed to bring gunpowder to Europe. As a result, some Europeans attempted to copy the ways of making gunpowder in order to make their own fireworks. ____72____ It developed aerial shells (礼花弹) which could be forced up high before exploding. This invention further pushed fireworks’ development, making fireworks displays more attractive. With the development of aerial shells, the history of fireworks took off. Producers began trying to make greater and more complex fireworks which would explode into colorful designs. ____73____ Besides, they featured special colors, designs, and shapes which were meant to attract viewers, a far cry from the crackers of the 10th century. ____74____ In the 20th century, fireworks producers began to be concerned about them. They began to notice that many of the chemicals which create the beautiful colors associated with fireworks displays are quite harmful, and that fireworks also produce a lot of bad smoke. As a result, some fireworks producers began trying to produce the fireworks which would cause less smoke. While the history of fireworks has come quite a way from spirit-frightening crackers, fireworks displays continue to amaze people all over the world, and the bright colors of fireworks are closely associated with major celebrations in the eyes of many people. Fireworks displays are typically well-attended as a result. And companies which specialize in fireworks can charge high prices for their services, especially on major holidays. ____75____ A. Fireworks also have negative side effects. B. Fireworks displays began lasting much longer. C. There were other three great inventions in ancient China. D. Italy made a special contribution to the history of fireworks. E. In spite of this, there are still many customers for the fireworks. F. Thus in Italy and Germany, several producers of fireworks appeared. G. By the 10th century AD, the Chinese had produced fireworks for New Year. 第三部分 语言运用 （共两小节，共30分） 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后务题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On a weekday evening, Jane was at home as usual. She was unexpectedly___76___ by an urgent call from her sister “Get over here! Turn on NBC and check these guys out. They are just like you ...” One message and a phone interview later, Jane ___77___ herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the extreme desert heat of Utah, picking up garbage and raising ___78___ about zero-waste and climate change. With a deep ___79___ of the environment and a desire to make a___80___, Jane, Davey, and a group of self-described “environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast-to-coast roadside garbage pick-up. As they walked, sometimes only ___81___ 0.9 miles in an entire day, they ___82___ and steadily made their way across the United States, picking up a total of 201,678 pounds of garbage in three years. During an interview, Jane and Davey ___83___ wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fuelled their ___84___ to continue their journey. After spending weeks silently ____85____how she would have enough money to fly home for their spring break, Jane received an envelope ____86____ with $850 cash in the desert, just enough to get her home and back. After their bus ____87____ outside of Denver, they unexpectedly got help and ____88____ Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just in time for a mission to clean up garbage all over the park. Jane and Davey are like so many unsung heroes in our community. Their commitment to working in small, meaningful ways ____89____ a call for real change. What they have done is a reminder that we can all be of ____90____. 76. A. blamed B. frightened C. moved D. interrupted 77 A. found B. cheered C. dropped D. broadcast 78. A. money B. awareness C. voice D. eagerness 79. A. pride B. trust C. love D. fear 80. A. plan B. promise C. choice D. difference 81. A. measuring B. covering C. checking D. hiking 82. A. slowly B. secretly C. helplessly D. frequently 83. A. heard B. read C. submitted D. shared 84. A. needs B. preference C. efforts D. fantasy 85. A. learning about B. hesitating over C. worrying about D. looking over 86. A. filled B. supplied C. decorated D. equipped 87. A. set off B. broke down C. pulled out D. speeded up 88. A. reached B. visited C. explored D. encountered 89. A. repeats B. answers C. ignores D. demonstrates 90. A. confidence B. authority C. service D. importance 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） China launched the Shenzhou XI manned spacecraft ___91___ Monday morning of October 17 to transport two astronauts to the Tiangong II space laboratory. The spacecraft ___92___ (send) skyward at 7:30 am atop (在……顶上) a Long March 2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China, ___93___ (carry) two male astronauts – Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong. After the launch, the spacecraft will travel two days before docking (对接) with the Tiangong II, ___94___ was lifted from the Jiuquan center in mid-September. Then the astronauts will enter the space lab and stay there for 30 days, and it will be the longest space stay by Chinese astronauts. The main ___95___ (task) of the Shenzhou XI mission are to test docking technologies for the country’s ___96___ (plan) space station, to verify the life-support capability of the spacecraft-space lab combination as well as conduct ___97___ (science) research. China is ___98___ third country in the world that has ___99___ (depend) fulfilled manned spaceflight following the former Soviet Union and the United States. Its space program aims ___100___ (place) a permanent manned space station into service around 2022. 第四部分 基础写作（满分 15 分） 101. 假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生，你校的武术社团将于下月成立。请你写一则英语海报，内容包括： 1. 社团介绍； 2. 报名方式和截止时间。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：武术 martial art ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $