高中语法介词讲解 导学案-2024-2025学年初高中英语衔接语法复习专项

介词 ①表时间介词 1 at, on, in　　 at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点〞 I get up at 6:00 every day. ※ at daybreak在黎明；at noon在中午；at night在夜间；at Christmas在圣诞节期间；at the age of five在五岁时 on表示“在具体某一天或某天上、下午〞 I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. We don’t have classes on Sunday. in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周〞以及泛指上、下午、晚上 in the 20th century；in 1999；in winter；in September；in the morning/afternoon/evening 2 for, during, through for后接“一段时间〞，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用 She has been ill for several days. during表示“在……期间〞 I went to France for two weeks during the summer through表示“始终……，自始至终〞 They worked hard through the winter. 3 from, since from表示“时间起点〞，常见短语“from…to/till…〞 You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. since表示“自从……以来〔示意直到如今〕 He has been away from home since 1973. We have known each other since ten years ago. ※ for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如for two hours；since last week 4 before, by, till, until before指“在……之前〞，与after相对 Please come before ten o’clock.  by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前〞 We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term. We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term. ※ by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用 till (until) “直到……为止〞 You must wait for him till tomorrow. ※ 在确定句中，till/until必需与持续动词连用；在否认句中，till/until常与非持续性动词连用 I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 5 after, in, within after表示“在……之后〞，是before反义词 He got a cancer and died after a year. The meeting will end after 3:00pm. within“在……时间之内〞 I can finish it within an hour. ※ after与in都可表示“在……之后〞，但after后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点；而in后必需跟时间段。after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时，而in只能用于将来时。 I’ll arrive in an hour. ②表地点介词 1 in, outside, between, among in在……里面 She put her book in the desk. outside在……外面 What did you see outside the hall between在……之间〔指二者〕 The building stands between the park and the small river. 　 among在……之间〔指多者〕 “There is a thief among you. 〞 the policeman shouted to the crowd. ※ among后往往接笼统人和事物，假设需接具体人或数目时，即使是指多者，也用between，此时一般有and连接，可理解为多者中任何两者之间。 Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy. 2 on, above, over, below, under on表示“在……上面〞，外表互相接触 There is a book on the desk. above表示“在……上方，位置高出……〞，与below相对 The Turners live above us. over表示“在……正上方〞，与under相对。 The picture is hanging over the blackboard. below表示“在……下方，低于……〞 Her skirt reaches just below her knees. under表示“在……正下方〞 They sat under a big tree, drinking. 3 near, by, beside near表示“在……旁边〞 My home is near the school. by = beside, 表示“靠近，在……旁边〞，比near间隔 更近　 He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema. 4 in front of, behind, around in front of表示“在……前面〞，指在外部 There is a tall tree in front of our classroom. 　　　　　 比较：in the front of表示“在……前部〞，指在内部 There is a red chair in the front of the room. behind表示“在……后面〞 A high building stands behind the village. around表示“在……四周，围绕〞 There are many trees around the village. 5 from, to, for, into, out of from表示“从……〞 She will fly from Beijing to Hongkong. to表示“到……〞，指目地 They got to the town very late. for表示“去，向……〞，指方向或去向 The train for shanghai has been away. ※ towards仅指朝着某个方向，不确定是目地；to指到目地；for指向目地，且常用于leave for; start for等固定搭配中 into表示“进入〞 The teacher came into the classroom with a smile. 比较：into由外进入到里面，是动态；而in是指静态位置。 out of表示“从……出来〞 They pulled him out of the water. 比较：out of是指从里面出来，是动态；而outside是指静态位置 6 along, across, through, over along表示“沿着〞街、路、河岸等线形物 There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the street. across表示“横穿〞某一平面，或“横过〞某一线形物 Pipes carry oil across the desert. It’s dangerous to run across the busy road. through指从某物内部“穿过〞 It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel. over指“越过〞某一障碍物 The bear went over the mountain. 7 at, in at指较小地方，如车站、家等；而in多指在较大地方，如国家、城市、大洲等 Please wait for me at the bus station. The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 8 on the other side of, across, over They live on the other side of/over/across the street. ③表方位介词 1 in 表示在某地范围之内 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 2 to 表示在某地范围之外 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 3 on 表示与某地相邻或接壤 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. ④ 表计量介词 1 at表示“以……速度〞“以……价格〞 It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. I sold my car at a high price. 2 for表示“用……交换，以……为代价〞 He sold his car for 500 dollars. ※ at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数　　 3. by表示“以……计〞，后跟度量单位 They paid him by the month. Here eggs are sold by weight. ⑤ 表材料介词 1 of成品仍可看出原料 This box is made of paper. 2 from成品已看不出原料 Wine is made from grapes. 3 in表示用某种材料或语言 Please fill in the form in pencil first. They talk in English. ⑥ 表工具或手段介词 1 by用某种方式，多用于交通 by bus by e-mail. ※ 表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用冠词，用in时要用冠词 I went there by bus/in a bus.   2 with表示“用某种工具〞 He broke the window with a stone. ※ with表示用某种工具时，必需用冠词或物主代词 3 on表示“以……方式〞，多用于固定词组 They talked on the telephone. She learns English on the radio/on TV. ⑦表关于介词 1 of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事 He spoke of the film the other day. He thought about this matter yesterday. 2 about指“关于〞某人或某事物较具体状况 Can you tell me something about yourself 3 on指“关于〞学术性或肃穆事 It’s a textbook on the history of china. ⑧ 表缘由或理由介词 1 for表示缘由，常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用 I am sorry for what I said to you. 2 at指情感改变缘由，意为“因听到或看到而……〞 He was surprised at the news. 3 from指“外在缘由〞，如受伤、车祸等 He died from the wound. 4 of指“内在缘由〞，如病、饿等 The old man died of hunger. 5 with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心缘由 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. He was shaking with anger. 6 by表示外部，尤其是暴力或无意中造成某种结果缘由 Her body was bent by age. She took your umbrella by mistake. 7 because of 表示引起结果干脆缘由 He retired last month because of illness/because he ill. 8 owing to多表示引起某不良后果缘由 Owing to the rain they could not come. 9 thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果缘由，常译为“幸亏……，多亏……〞 Thanks to John, we won the game. 10 out of表示动机起因，常译为“出于……〞 He asked the question out of curiosity. 11 through多表示因部分而影响全局缘由 The war was lost through bad organization. ⑨ 表好像或当作介词 1 like表示“像……一样〞，其实不是 Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.  2. as表示“作为，以……身份〞，其实也是 He talked to me as a father. ※ as作连词时，可表示“好像……〞。 The work is not so difficult as you imagine. ⑩ 表支持或反对介词 against反对，for支持，互为反义词 Are you for my idea or against it 11 表除某人某物外介词 1 besides是包括后面所提人或物在内“除……外，还〞 Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. He is interested in tennis besides〔=as well as〕football.。 2 except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内“除去〞 Everyone is excited except me. All the visitors are Japanese except him. ※ (A) except通常与表示全体all, every连用；假设与other连用，只能用besides He had other people to take care of besides me. (B) except是解除同类；而except for是解除非同类，常在说明根本状况后，从细微环节上加上修正 The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. Exercise： 1. __ the science exhibition, the art exhibition was also well designed, A. Except B. Besides C. Beside D. Except for 2. Miss Smith and I keep in touch _____ writing often. A. with B. on C. by D. from 3. Come and see me ______ two or three days' time. A. for B. after C. in . D. during 4. There were a lot of visitors from Japan _____ the foot of the mountain. A. on B. at C. in D. to 5. The coffee shop is _____ the street. A. on B. across C. in D. to 6. His grandfather has been ill __ the last year. A, for B. since C. from D. after 7. In this matter, I’m sorry that I have to side ______ you. A. at B. to C. against D. with 8. We normally use the front entrance _____ the building but there is another entrance ____ the back. A. to, to B. at, at C. to, at D. of, in 9. The police have said that there is no connection _______ the murders. A. in B. for C. on D. between 10. To my horror, I saw,_______ my father's shoulder, a gorilla. A. on B. above C. over D. from 11. Everything is changing so fast these days, even young people find it difficult to ____the time. A. get hold of B. be covered with C. get along with D. keep up with 12. Many good books will be ______ the new library. A. added B. added to C. added up to D. added up 13. In his speech he _____ to the great help the school received from the government. 14. A. expressed B. explained C. referred D. whispered 14. It's Sarah's birthday tomorrow. Will you ____ me in buying a present for her A. remember B. attend C. share D. join 15. You'd better _____ a doctor when you are sick. A. send for B. take up C. look up D. turn in 16. The teacher told us to ______ the book and answer some questions. A. look through, B. look on C. look into D. look up 17. Don and Sherry __ the mountains for their vacation. A. called from B. fled from C. headed for D. looked for 18. We were warned to ____ out for strangers in the neighborhood. A. look B. run C. call D. set 19. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll _____ me at eight, so I must be ready then. A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up 20. You'd better ____ your books after reading them. A. put up B. put on C. put down D. put away 高考练习 1. Let's learn to use the problem we are facing _____a stepping-stone to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by 2. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times___________. A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many 3. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ______ working here. A. with B. over C. at D. about 4. Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _____ financial aid. A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of 5. I like Mr. Miner's speech; it was clear and _______ the point. A. at B. on C. to D. of 6. At the railway station ,the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was________. A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place 7. Elizabeth has already achieved success _______ her wildest dreams. A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon 8. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might ______ for her, but now all her worries are gone. A. in need B. in time C. in preparation D. in store 9. A great man shows his greatness _______ the way he treats little man. A. under B. with C. on D. by 10. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you'd better leave________ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. out 11. Everything was perfect for the picnic ______ the weather. A. in place of B. as well as C. except for D. in case of 12. Why are you so anxious It isn’t your problem ______ A. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all 13. --When did you last hear ______ Jay --He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet. A. of, to B. about, with C. from, with D. from, on 14. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank_______ a chair. A. on B. off C. into D. to 15. --Why do you suggest we buy a new machine --Because the old one has been damaged________. A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description 16. Nowadays a lot of adults go to evening schools ________ further education. A. after B. in C. for D. on 17. The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match by shaking hands. A. with B. on C. in D. to 18. The manager suggested an earlier date ______ the meeting. A. on B. for C. about D. with 19. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ______ their education that causes misunderstanding. A. like B. as C. or D. but 20. Some people choose jobs for other reasons __ money these days. A. for B. except C. besides D. with 21. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school ______ girls of your age. A. for B. about C from D. to 22, I think he is taking an active part in social work. I agree with you _____. A. in a way B. on the way C. by the way D. in the way 23. ______ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other's breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. A. In B. For C. Under D. Between 24. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this _______ creates further problems. A. in short B. in case C. in doubt D. in turn 25. Although _______ my opinion, the old professor didn't come up with his own. 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