大题预测03 阅读理解+七选五+阅读表达-【大题精做】冲刺2025年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（北京专用）

预测03 阅读理解+七选五+阅读表达 Passage（1） （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）There was a girl named Sabrina who suffered from a severe peanut allergy. This condition, characterized by symptoms like severe itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing upon exposure to peanuts, could have been fatal if not detected and managed early. Fortunately, her allergy was identified at a young age. With the help of doctors and strict dietary measures, she was able to control her symptoms and lead a normal life. However, this experience had a profound impact on her, and she became passionate about helping others with the same suffering of chronic diseases like her. Sabrina realized that early detection was crucial for many such conditions. She decided to focus her studies on this area and eventually got admitted to the medical school of the Yale, where she specialized in the early detection of chronic diseases. During her studies, she encountered various chronic diseases with specific symptoms. One such disease was diabetes, characterized by high blood sugar levels, fatigue, frequent urination, and increased thirst. Another was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which caused persistent coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Nothing can get in the way of a strong-willed heart. Sabrina also studied heart diseases like coronary artery disease (冠心病), which often presented with chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. She learned that early detection of these diseases through regular screenings and lifestyle modifications could significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce the risk of severe complications. At Yale, Sabrina conducted research on developing more effective screening methods for these chronic diseases. Her work focused on identifying biomarkers and genetic factors that could predict the happening of these conditions, allowing for earlier intervention and better management. This little girl’s dedication and research have contributed significantly to the field of chronic diseases management. Her work has helped develop new screening tools and improved treatment strategies, bringing hope to countless individuals living with these conditions. Through her story and efforts, Sabrina has shown that early detection and intervention are key to overcoming the challenges posed by chronic diseases. 1．What life experience left the young girl a far-reaching influence? A．Her allergy to peanuts. B．Severe symptoms and pain. C．Simple and controlled dietary. D．Timely detection and early intervention. 2．About Sabrina’s learning life in the medical school, what can we learn? A．She majored in chronic diseases and their prevention. B．She found early cure can reduce the risk of these diseases. C．She is obsessed with identifying biomarkers and genetic aspects. D．She is expert in heart disease and diabetes relating to shortness of breath. 3．Which kind of traits can we summarize about Sabrina from her story? A．Insight and toughness. B．Openness and diligence. C．Passion and self-discipline. D．Integrity and kindness. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Interest is the Best Teacher. B．Misfortune may be a blessing. C．Experience more, know more. D．Early Bird catches the Worm. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了女孩萨布丽娜因患有严重花生过敏，意识到早期检测慢性疾病的重要性，进入耶鲁大学医学院学习并致力于慢性疾病早期检测研究，她的工作为慢性疾病管理领域做出了重大贡献，证明了早期检测和干预对克服慢性疾病挑战的关键作用。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“There was a girl named Sabrina who suffered from a severe peanut allergy. This condition, characterized by symptoms like severe itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing upon exposure to peanuts, could have been fatal if not detected and managed early.(有一个叫萨布丽娜的女孩，她患有严重的花生过敏。这种病的特征是，一旦接触到花生，就会出现严重的瘙痒、肿胀和呼吸困难等症状。如果没有及早发现和处理，这种情况可能会致命)”以及第二段“Fortunately, her allergy was identified at a young age. With the help of doctors and strict dietary measures, she was able to control her symptoms and lead a normal life. However, this experience had a profound impact on her, and she became passionate about helping others with the same suffering of chronic diseases like her.(幸运的是，她的过敏症在很小的时候就被发现了。在医生的帮助下，并通过严格的饮食控制，她能够控制自己的症状，过上正常的生活。然而，这段经历对她产生了深远的影响，她变得热衷于帮助那些像她一样遭受慢性疾病折磨的人)”可知，萨布丽娜的花生过敏在年幼时被及时检测并通过严格饮食控制得以管理，最后过上正常的生活，这一经历不仅包括花生过敏本身，更关键的是通过早期干预控制病情的过程，促使她投身慢性病早期检测的研究，所以是她对花生过敏的及时发现和早期干预对这个年轻女孩产生了深远的影响，故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At Yale, Sabrina conducted research on developing more effective screening methods for these chronic diseases. Her work focused on identifying biomarkers and genetic factors that could predict the happening of these conditions, allowing for earlier intervention and better management.(在耶鲁大学，萨布丽娜对这些慢性疾病进行了研究，目的是开发更有效的筛查方法。她的工作重点是识别能够预测这些病症发生的生物标志物和遗传因素，以便尽早进行干预和管理)”可知，萨布丽娜在耶鲁大学的工作重点是识别能够预测这些病症发生的生物标志物和遗传因素，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, this experience had a profound impact on her, and she became passionate about helping others with the same suffering of chronic diseases like her.(然而，这段经历对她产生了深远的影响，她开始对帮助像她一样患有慢性疾病的人充满热情)”可知，萨布丽娜开始对帮助像她一样患有慢性疾病的人充满热情，可推理出她是一个有热情特质的人；根据第二段“With the help of doctors and strict dietary measures, she was able to control her symptoms and lead a normal life.(在医生的帮助和严格的饮食措施下，她能够控制自己的症状，过上正常的生活)”可知萨布丽娜在医生的帮助和严格的饮食措施下，控制自己的症状并过上正常的生活，可推理出她是一个自律的人，因此，可以总结出萨布丽娜具有热情和自律的特质，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There was a girl named Sabrina who suffered from a severe peanut allergy. This condition, characterized by symptoms like severe itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing upon exposure to peanuts, could have been fatal if not detected and managed early.(有一个叫萨布丽娜的女孩，她患有严重的花生过敏。这种病的特征是，一旦接触到花生，就会出现严重的瘙痒、肿胀和呼吸困难等症状。如果没有及早发现和处理，这种情况可能会致命)”、第二段“Fortunately, her allergy was identified at a young age. With the help of doctors and strict dietary measures, she was able to control her symptoms and lead a normal life. However, this experience had a profound impact on her, and she became passionate about helping others with the same suffering of chronic diseases like her.(幸运的是，她的过敏症在很小的时候就被发现了。在医生的帮助下，并通过严格的饮食控制，她能够控制自己的症状，过上正常的生活。然而，这段经历对她产生了深远的影响，她变得热衷于帮助那些像她一样遭受慢性疾病折磨的人)”以及最后一段“This little girl’s dedication and research have contributed significantly to the field of chronic diseases management. Her work has helped develop new screening tools and improved treatment strategies, bringing hope to countless individuals living with these conditions. Through her story and efforts, Sabrina has shown that early detection and intervention are key to overcoming the challenges posed by chronic diseases.(这个小女孩的奉献和研究对慢性疾病管理领域做出了重大贡献。她的工作帮助开发了新的筛查工具并改进了治疗策略，为无数患有这些疾病的人带来了希望。通过她的故事和努力，萨布丽娜展示了早期检测和干预是克服慢性疾病挑战的关键)”可知文章讲述了萨布丽娜因患有花生过敏，这段经历促使她致力于慢性疾病的早期检测研究，她的研究成果证明了早期检测和干预对克服慢性疾病挑战的关键作用，她的工作帮助开发了新的筛查工具并改进了治疗策略，为无数患有这些疾病的人带来了希望。不幸的过敏经历却让她走上了对慢性疾病研究有意义的道路，这说明不幸可能是一种福气，B选项“Misfortune may be a blessing.(塞翁失马，焉知非福)”符合文章主旨，故选B项。 Passage（2） （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）Thanks to the popularity of Netflix’s new series “3 Body Problem,” we have a new existential threat to worry about: humanity’s urge to get exposed to the cosmos. Sociologists, game theorists and astrophysicists like Stephen Hawking have been warning for decades against transmitting signals that could reveal humanity’s location to interstellar (星际的) predators. They argue that the only civilizations that survive are the ones smart enough to keep quiet. A species that stands out as soon as it learns to transmit radio signals could fatally attract the attention of an older civilization with much more advanced technology, just as the European discovery of America led to the disaster for the native population. And it’s certainly possible that our technology seems so primitive that the aliens would consider us “savages (野蛮人),” as the European settlers called the natives they displaced. The fear of conquest by aliens rests on the questionable premise that they would greedily crave the natives’ land and resources. But that’s not how civilization is proceeding on Earth as our technology advances. In the past, armies fought wars over access to scarce resources (salt, grain, oil), and 20th-century intellectuals predicted that overpopulation would lead to an “age of scarcity” with catastrophic global shortages of food and energy. But thanks to technological progress, humans today are better nourished and wealthier than ever. Natural resources now matter less to individuals or societies seeking wealth than an intangible resource: knowledge. The modern economy is increasingly dominated by industries that traffic not in physical commodities but in information: software, communications, entertainment, artificial intelligence, education and research. Because of this economic shift, today we wouldn’t react as 16th-century Europeans did to the discovery of a “new world” with less advanced technology. We’d exploit it differently. Sure, there would be oil and mining companies ready to extract resources, but they’d run into fierce opposition from scientists, politicians, and activists determined to preserve and study its ecosystem and native cultures. Why wouldn’t aliens react similarly to the discovery of Earthlings? Why would a civilization with the technological ability to travel across the galaxy and conquer Earth be desperate for food or natural resources? Earth’s farmland and minerals would be far less valuable to the aliens than the knowledge to be gained from studying the strange new life-forms on Earth. Even if they regarded us as primitive creatures, even if they felt no moral obligation to spare an inferior species, they’d be as eager to observe us as we are to watch animals in a zoo. In fact, aliens may already be observing us without making themselves known, a possibility known as the “zoo hypothesis”. In this scenario, the reason we haven’t heard from aliens is that they want to observe the behavior and evolution of Earth’s creatures unaffected by outside influences. METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence) enthusiasts like to think that aliens would generously share their advanced and wondrous technology. But maybe the alien s would rather preserve us in our “natural” state so as not to contaminate the data they’re gathering. If that’s the case, then they would ignore our greetings. On the other hand, maybe alien civilizations have just been waiting for us to become capable of interstellar communication, and would be as curious to communicate with us as we would be with them. It’s always possible, of course, that we’ve heard nothing so far because we really are alone in the universe, or because we’re too far away from anyone else to communicate. But if any intelligent beings are out there in the darkness, let’s not assume they’re genocidal predators. It wouldn’t kill us to say hello. 1．The author writes Paragraph 3 mainly to ______. A．cast doubt on the view that aliens will invade the Earth for food and land B．show that humans are no longer savages thanks to technological progress C．warn against the threat of aliens due to humanity’s technological breakthroughs D．argue that overpopulation will also lead to shortage of resources in modern days 2．What can be inferred about the economic shift mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．It is largely driven by advancements in technology. B．It goes against the need for ecological preservation. C．It will lead to reduced opposition to resource extraction. D．It justifies the exploitation and displacement of the natives. 3．According to the zoo hypothesis, aliens may be observing the Earth secretly in order to ______. A．monitor the progress of human evolution B．assess the benefits of sharing their technology C．gain knowledge of humans without interference D．feel a sense of superiority over primitive life-forms 4．The author’s attitude towards contacting aliens can be best described as ______. A．fearful B．cautious C．doubtful D．optimistic 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人类向宇宙发出信号暴露自身位置可能带来的风险，以及对于外星人发现地球后反应的不同观点，作者认为不应假定外星人是会进行种族灭绝的掠夺者，与外星人打招呼也无妨。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“The fear of conquest by aliens rests on the questionable premise that they would greedily crave the natives’ land and resources(外星人征服（地球）的恐惧基于一个有问题的前提，即他们会贪婪地觊觎土著的土地和资源)”可知，对被外星人征服的恐惧建立在一个可疑的前提之上，即外星人会贪婪地渴望地球人的土地和资源。再根据第三段“But thanks to technological progress, humans today are better nourished and wealthier than ever. Natural resources now matter less to individuals or societies seeking wealth than an intangible resource: knowledge(但由于技术进步，如今人类比以往更有营养、更富裕。对于追求财富的个人或社会来说，自然资源现在不如一种无形的资源——知识那么重要)”可知作者阐述了地球上随着科技进步，资源的重要性发生了变化，现代经济更依赖知识等无形资源。可推理出作者认为对“外星人会为了食物和土地入侵地球”的恐惧是站不住脚的，可推断出作者写第三段主要是对“外星人会为了食物和土地入侵地球”这一观点表示怀疑，故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But thanks to technological progress, humans today are better nourished and wealthier than ever. Natural resources now matter less to individuals or societies seeking wealth than an intangible resource: knowledge. The modern economy is increasingly dominated by industries that traffic not in physical commodities but in information: software, communications, entertainment, artificial intelligence, education and research(但由于技术进步，如今人类比以往更有营养、更富裕。对于追求财富的个人或社会来说，自然资源现在不如一种无形的资源——知识那么重要。现代经济越来越由不涉及实物商品，而是涉及信息（如软件、通信、娱乐、人工智能、教育和研究等）的行业所主导)”可知，由于技术进步，人类如今比以往任何时候都营养更好、更富有，自然资源对追求财富的个人或社会来说，重要性不如知识这一无形资源，现代经济越来越由以信息为交易对象的产业主导。由此可推断，经济转变很大程度上是由技术进步推动的，故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中“In fact, aliens may already be observing us without making themselves known, a possibility known as the “zoo hypothesis”. In this scenario, the reason we haven’t heard from aliens is that they want to observe the behavior and evolution of Earth’s creatures unaffected by outside influences.(事实上，外星人可能已经在不公开自己的情况下观察我们，这种可能性被称为“动物园假说”。在这种情况下，我们没有收到外星人的消息，是因为他们希望在不受外界影响的情况下，观察地球生物的行为和进化)”可知，根据 “动物园假说”，外星人可能一直在秘密观察地球，是为了在不受外界影响的情况下观察地球生物的行为和进化，也就是获取关于人类的知识而不受干扰，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But if any intelligent beings are out there in the darkness, let’s not assume they’re genocidal predators. It wouldn’t kill us to say hello(但如果在黑暗中有任何智慧生物存在，我们不要假设他们是种族灭绝的捕食者。打个招呼也不会有什么坏处)”可知，作者认为我们不应假定外星人是会进行种族灭绝的掠夺者，和他们打个招呼也无妨。由此可推断，作者对与外星人接触的态度是乐观的，故选D项。 Passage（3） （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today. Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult. As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper, a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.” No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors. A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork. We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships (实习) at established laboratories is the norm. These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops (繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn. Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read. 1．According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1115 paper ______. A．was a classic in theoretical physics B．turned out to be comprehensible C．needed further improvement D．attracted few professionals 2．What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Unrealistic. B．Irrelevant. C．Unattractive. D．Imprecise. 3．According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops? A．The application of research findings. B．The principle of scientific research. C．The selection of young talents. D．The evaluation of laboratories. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．What makes Einstein great? B．Will science be professionalized? C．Could Einstein get published today? D．How will modern science make advances? 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕爱因斯坦的相对论论文《广义相对论的基础》展开，讨论了该论文在当代可能无法被科学期刊发表的原因，进而引出科学界专业化趋势的话题。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper, a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.”(正如物理学家理查德・费曼所写的那样：“曾经有段时间，报纸上说只有 12 个人理解相对论。我确实相信可能曾有那么一个阶段，只有一个人懂，因为在他撰写论文之前，只有他一人领悟了。但在人们读过这篇论文之后，很多人都或多或少地理解了相对论，肯定不止 12 个人。”)”可知，在人们阅读了爱因斯坦的论文之后，很多人都在某种程度上理解了相对论，肯定不止 12 个人能理解。这表明爱因斯坦 1115 年的论文结果是可以被理解的。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文以及所在句“No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper.(不，问题在于它的风格。文章开篇先是对时空进行了一番从容的哲学探讨，接着又对已知的数学知识进行了阐述。如今看来，这两部分会被认为是 “extraneous”，并且它们占据了论文一半篇幅。)”可推测，文中提到爱因斯坦论文的前两部分，先是对时空进行哲学探讨，接着阐述已知数学知识。而从现代科学论文发表的角度来看，这样的内容被视作是多余、不重要的，与论文核心关联性不大的。划线单词的意思和“多余、不重要的”相似。选项B“Irrelevant（不相关的；无关紧要的）”符合这两部分内容在如今看来对于论文主体来说是多余、关联性不强的意思，与原文要表达的逻辑相符。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships(实习) at established laboratories is the norm.(我们在 “再生元科学人才搜索”（高中科学竞赛的诺贝尔奖）中也能看到这种情况。在这项有着 78 年历史的赛事的最初几十年里，获奖项目通常是那种有创意但略显幼稚、带有业余性质的成果，是人们可能预想中那些有天赋的初学者独立开展研究所能取得的成果。而如今，在知名实验室实习后完成的成熟作品才是常态。)”可推测，这个高中科学竞赛中，早期获奖项目是有创意但幼稚、业余的初学者作品，而如今是在知名实验室实习后的成熟作品。这表明在现代科学发展过程中，对于年轻人才的选拔标准发生了变化。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.(阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦 1915 年的杰作《广义相对论的基础》是该领域的首部且至今仍是最佳的入门读物，我也因此向学生们推荐它。但在今天，它可能不会在科学期刊上发表了。)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇以爱因斯坦 1915 年的论文《广义相对论的基础》为例，指出这篇在当时是杰作的论文在如今可能无法发表，随后从论文风格、科学领域的专业化进程等方面进行阐述，包括论文要求的变化、科学竞赛选拔人才标准的改变等，都是围绕爱因斯坦的论文在现代是否能发表这个核心话题展开，并讨论了现代科学发展导致的变化对论文发表等情况的影响。选项C“Could Einstein get published today?（爱因斯坦的论文在今天能发表吗？）”能够准确概括文章主旨，从爱因斯坦的论文入手，讨论现代科学的变化对论文发表的影响，是最合适的标题。故选C。 Passage（4） （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）We have been defending humanities for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly putting humanities departments on the chopping block. As a humanist, I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one. In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not — and cannot be — conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know. Nonetheless, we should be alert to the danger of becoming accustomed to putting our worst foot forward. An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind. A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight sexism or to promote democracy—and everyone agrees that sexism is bad, and democracy is good — then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy. Politicization is a way of arming the humanities for its political battles, but it comes at an intellectual cost. Why is sexism so bad? Why is democracy so good? Politicization silences these and other questions, whereas the function of the humanities is to raise them. Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. If at some point I am called on to defend the study of Homer or Descartes at some official hearing, I will do my best, but I will not run to battle; the battle will have to come to me. The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit that animates us to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible. 1．What is the author’s main concern regarding the crisis in humanities? A．The pressure on humanists to argue for the value of their disciplines. B．The mounting political scrutiny faced by humanities departments. C．People’s little knowledge regarding the purpose of humanities. D．Students’ lack of interest in studying humanities courses. 2．What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．immune. B．relevant. C．sensitive. D．contrary. 3．What can be inferred about a defensive mindset? A．It brings about a lower chance of survival for humanities. B．It requires a reflective mood on the study of humanities. C．It leads to a compromise on human’s intellectual depth. D．It is the worst action to take in the face of the crisis. 4．Which of the following might the author most probably agree? A．The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight. B．The future of humanities remains cloudy. C．Science is more useful than humanities. D．Humanities may not need any defense. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人文学科所面临的危机，以及对人文学科的辩护。 1．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question.(并非只有人文主义者对自己学科的目的一无所知。但科学家们在解释它们为什么存在的压力要小得多，因为整个社会都相信自己已经找到了这个问题的答案)”可知，科学家们的压力要比人文主义者的压力小，因为他们在解释自己学科目的的压力要比人文主义者解释自己学科目的的压力小，所以人文学科危机的主要关注点是人文主义者为他们学科的价值而争论的压力。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not — and cannot be — conducted in an inquisitive spirit, (相比之下，为人文学科辩护不是——也不可能——以一种好奇的精神进行的)”可推知，辩护精神和好奇精神应该是对立的，所以划线词意思是“对立的，相反的”，与contrary意思一致。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know.(必须承认，当砧板被拿出来，你需要解释为什么你不应该在砧板上时，防御性是一种可以理解的反应，这需要参与者假装知道他们实际上不知道的事情)”和第四段中的“An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind.(紧迫的气氛和立即采取行动的呼吁对文学和哲学等需要反思情绪的研究领域是敌对的，假装知道自己实际上不知道的东西对需要开放心态的探究形式是敌对的。)”可知，参与者假装知道他们实际上不知道的事情，这与人文学科需要开放心态的探究形式相敌对，由此可推测出，防御心态可导致人类智力深度的妥协。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit that animates us to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible.(当我们让自己成为自己，当我们让激励我们的人文精神不仅流入我们的课堂，而且流入我们的公开自我展示时，我们发现我们不需要捍卫或证明任何事情：我们是不可抗拒的。)”可知，作者认为人文学科可能不需要任何辩护。故选D。 Passage（5） （2025·北京西城·二模）When people hear “artificial intelligence,” many envision “big data.” There’s a reason for that: some of the most important AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade—with so-called transfer learning as an especially promising example. Also known as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have little data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. The way it works is that you first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller data set related to your specific problem. Research in transfer learning approaches has grown impressively over the past 10 years. In a new report for Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), we examined current and projected progress in scientific research across “small data” approaches. Our analysis found that transfer learning stands out as a category that has experienced the most consistent and highest research growth on average since 2010. This growth has even outpaced the larger and more established field of reinforcement learning, which in recent years has attracted widespread attention. Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records. Another way of thinking about the value of transfer learning is in terms of generalization. A recurring challenge in the use of AI is that models need to “generalize” beyond their training data. Because transfer learning models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data were available. Moreover, by using pretrained models, transfer learning can speed up training time and could also reduce the amount of computational resources needed to train algorithms (算法). This efficiency is significant, considering that the process of training one large neural (神经系统的) network requires considerable energy. Despite the growth in research, transfer learning has received relatively little visibility. The existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions. 1．What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Promote. B．Seek. C．Track. D．Monitor. 2．In which of the following settings can transfer learning be best applied? A．Predicting the frequency of floods in Amazon rainforest. B．Designing a program that can read handwritten documents. C．Forecasting the number of people infected with an unknown illness. D．Predicting house prices based on basic features like area and location. 3．What is the writer’s attitude towards transfer learning? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Critical. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Transfer Learning: Where Does It Best Fit? B．Small Data Are Also Crucial for Advancing AI C．Transfer Learning Powers Technological Advances D．Big Data vs. Small Data: Which Is the Future of AI? 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了小数据在人工智能领域的重要性，特别是转移学习的作用和价值。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段的“such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records.”（例如预测罕见的自然灾害或预测没有数字健康记录的人群的疾病风险。）可知，通过使人工智能能够使用较少的数据，他们可以在几乎没有数据的领域推动进步。bolster在这里的意思是“推动”。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records.”（像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集的方法有很多优势。人工智能能够使用较少的数据，他们可以在几乎没有数据的领域推动进步，例如预测罕见的自然灾害或预测没有数字健康记录的人群的疾病风险。）可推知，转移学习可以最好地应用于预测未知疾病感染人数的情况。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions.”（通过承认转移学习等小数据技术的成功，并分配资源支持其广泛使用，我们可以帮助克服关于数据在人工智能中的角色的一些常见误解，并促进新方向的创新。）可推知，作者对转移学习持乐观态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade”（ 但人工智能不仅仅是关于大数据集，在过去的十年里，对“小数据”方法的研究也得到了广泛的发展）可知，短文主要讲述了小数据在人工智能领域的重要性，特别是转移学习的作用和价值。故短文的标题为“小数据对于推进人工智能也至关重要”切题。故选B。 Passage（6） （2024·北京大兴·三模）The only words you need to say after receiving a compliment (赞美) are “thank you”. But you know that's easier said than done. There are many reasons why you have a hard time accepting compliments. 1 It's a three step process. First, believe what people tell you. If you're still having a hard time taking the compliment, double check. And if it's still hard to accept then you'll have to check yourself. 2 For example, if you're six feet tall and I say, “Wow, you're tall! ” I'm being honest. I'm five foot nine, so plenty of people are tall compared to me. I'm expressing that subjectively, from my shorter vantage point, you are tall. I'm not saying everyone would agree with me. Just like if I say City of God is a great movie, I'm not saying you have to think it's a great movie. You have to listen carefully to compliments. It's not always obvious if you're being complimented for something only others can observe. If you are five foot six inches tall, and weigh seventy pounds, I would say you are slim. But if you are comparing yourself to someone who is shorter, and weighs five pounds less than you, you might call yourself plump. In this extreme example, the outside perspective is more accurate than the internal one.   3 If you're still struggling to accept a compliment, you don't just have to take someone at their word. It can be hard to accept an opinion when it's the opposite of yours, so call in reinforcements. Ask someone else what they think. 4 You can ask two or three or four more people if two isn't enough. 5 If you mislead or lie to people about your opinions, then it's not surprising that you have a hard time trusting that people's compliments are genuine. Be more honest with people around you, and you'll find it much easier to believe what people say about you. A．They will be the tie breaker. B．You can check with someone else instead. C．The causes are complicated but the path to accepting compliments is simpler. D．How honest are you with your friends and family when they ask for your opinion? E．When someone is trying to pay you a compliment, they are speaking subjectively. F．When someone pays you a compliment, they are speaking about something that is observable. G．Similarly, when I call you smart or funny, I'm commenting based on my definition of smart or funny, that's how I see you. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了很难接受赞美的原因有很多。原因很复杂，但接受赞美的途径更简单。短文介绍了三个接受赞美途径的方法。 1．根据上文“There are many reasons why you have a hard time accepting compliments.”（你很难接受赞美的原因有很多）以及下文“It's a three step process.”（这需要三个步骤）可知，选项承上启下。reasons呼应causes。the path呼应three step process。故C选项“原因很复杂，但接受赞美的途径更简单”切题。故选C项。 2．根据下文“I'm expressing that subjectively, from my shorter vantage point, you are tall. I'm not saying everyone would agree with me. ”（我主观地表示，从我较矮的角度来看，你很高。我并不是说每个人都会同意我的观点）可知，对你的赞扬是出于主观的看法。故E选项“当有人试图赞美你时，他们是在主观地说”切题，为本段的主旨句。故选E项。 3．根据上文“In this extreme example, the outside perspective is more accurate than the internal one. ”（在这个极端的例子中，外部视角比内部视角更准确）可知，选项承接上文说明赞美来自外部视角。故F选项“当有人称赞你时，他们说的是可以观察到的事情”切题。故选F项。 4．根据上文“Ask someone else what they think.”（问问别人的想法）以及下文“You can ask two or three or four more people if two isn't enough. ”（如果两个不够的话，你可以再问两个、三个或四个人）可知，选项承接上下文说明别人会帮助你做出正确的判断。故A选项“他们将是是否相信的关键”切题。故选A项。 5．根据下文“If you mislead or lie to people about your opinions, then it's not surprising that you have a hard time trusting that people's compliments are genuine. Be more honest with people around you, and you'll find it much easier to believe what people say about you.”（如果你在自己的观点上误导或欺骗别人，那么你很难相信别人的赞美是真诚的也就不足为奇了。对周围的人更诚实，你会发现更容易相信别人对你的评价。）可知，本段与诚实话题有关。故D选项“当你的朋友和家人征求你的意见时，你对他们有多诚实？”切题。故选D项。 Passage（7） （2024·北京·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons and become popular around the world. However, each new pair you buy has a much higher cost than you might think. Every pair of jeans takes about 0.7 kilograms of cotton. Growing this much cotton requires roughly 10,000 liters of water, not to mention various herbicides and pesticides, which can pollute groundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. In order to dye the cloth, chemical sprays and several cycles of acid-washing are adopted, discharging toxic pollutants into rivers and even turn them into indigo-blue. Also, there are the zippers, buttons, and rivets made of copper and other metals, whose mining is yet another source of environmental degradation. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) process for a single pair of jeans emits over 33 kilograms of carbon — the equivalent of driving over 110 kilometers. Like many globally produced products, jeans are made in poor countries and bought in rich ones. Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. Cotton here is often picked by children or forced labor. And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. Because of the fast-paced and rough manufacturing with unnatural materials, today, most pairs last no longer than a year. Like most waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decomposition releases greenhouse gas. Some governments are pursuing policies to make companies more responsible for worker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy throughout the fashion industry. 1．Who may be the first consumers of jeans? 2．Why are plastic fibers used when pairs of jeans are made? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected. 4．What suggestions would you give to reduce the damage caused by jeans? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Blue-collar workers. 2．Because they can increase comfort and flexibility./To increase comfort and flexibility. 3．Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected. According to the passage, their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. 29．Jeans should be made of organic cotton that doesn’t use fertilizers and pesticides, which has a smaller impact on the environment and human health. Second, manufacturer collect discarded jeans for recycling, such as manufacturing environmentally friendly shopping bags and other products. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了牛仔裤很受当代人欢迎，但制作牛仔裤的过程会对环境产生破坏，牛仔裤在贫穷国家生产，这也对发展中国家的人民和环境有害，而废弃的牛仔裤分解后会释放出温室气体。 1．考查细节理解。由第一段中“The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons (第一条牛仔裤是为蓝领工人设计的。在20世纪，工人阶级的裤子已经转变为时尚偶像)”可知，牛仔裤的第一批消费者是蓝领工人。故答案为：Blue-collar workers. 2．考查细节理解。由第二段中“Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. (通常，塑料纤维与棉线混合以增加舒适度和灵活性)”可知，制作牛仔裤时要使用塑料纤维是因为它们可以增加舒适度和灵活性。故答案为：Because they can increase comfort and flexibility./To increase comfort and flexibility. 3．考查细节理解。由第三段中“Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. (世界上大部分棉花种植在发展中国家，这些国家的劳动惯例很差，对工人的保护也很少)”和“And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. (在生产过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁)”可知，贫穷国家对工人的保护很少，在生产过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁，工人的健康得不到很好的保护，“workers’ health is well protected”错误。故答案为：Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected. According to the passage, their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. 4．考查开放答题。针对如何减少牛仔裤造成的环境伤害，我建议：牛仔裤应该由不使用化肥和杀虫剂的有机棉制成，这对环境和人类健康的影响较小。其次，制造商可以收集废弃的牛仔裤进行回收，例如制造环保购物袋和其他产品。故答案为：Jeans should be made of organic cotton that doesn’t use fertilizers and pesticides, which has a smaller impact on the environment and human health. Second, manufacturer collect discarded jeans for recycling, such as manufacturing environmentally friendly shopping bags and other products. Passage（8） （2025·北京延庆·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Anxiety is not deadly, because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that being anxious is a normal part of life, we can use it to our benefit. Anxiety can help build our emotional strength. If we want to build emotional strength, we need to face some degree of mental stress. Of course, unpleasant and abuse tend to cause more harm than good, but the experience of occasional anxiety, stress, and tension substantially increases our emotional courage. Anxiety can increase your emotional connection. Clinical science has identified that sharing our anxieties with our loved ones is one of the most effective strategies to build connection. When my patients learn to open up and share their anxieties with their partners, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional connection. Anxiety can help us rebalance. When we feel genuinely anxious because of stress, it’s our body’s way of telling us to rebalance. Nobody is truly limitless. When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also less stressed and anxious. Anxiety can be a healthy, helpful emotion that is a constructive aspect of human life. When it comes to occasional experience of anxiety, it can emotionally help boost our courage. It can also build up emotional connect ion when we express our sensitive feelings to others. And in the form of stress, it can serve as an internal indicator to remain balanced and healthy. Now it’s high time we started putting it to good use． 1．Why is anxiety not deadly? 2．When can anxiety increase our emotional connection? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why? When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious． 4．As a student, how do you make use of test anxiety to help you be better prepared for exams? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health. 2．When we share our anxieties with our loved ones. 3．When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious. Because according to the passage, when we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge less stressed and anxious. 33．I can use test anxiety to motivate myself to study harder and be better prepared for exams by reminding myself of the importance of doing well and the consequences of not being prepared. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就“焦虑”这一话题展开了论述，分析了焦虑的积极作用和如何利用焦虑。 1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Anxiety is not deadly, because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health.(焦虑并不是致命的，因为能够感到焦虑表明我们的战斗或逃跑系统在运作，这是大脑和感官健康的一个指标。)”可知，作者认为焦虑并不是致命的，因为能够感到焦虑表明我们的战斗或逃跑系统在运作，这是大脑和感官健康的一个指标。故答案为Because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health. 2．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Clinical science has identified that sharing our anxieties with our loved ones is one of the most effective strategies to build connection. When my patients learn to open up and share their anxieties with their partners, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional connection.(临床科学已经确定，与我们所爱的人分享我们的焦虑是建立联系的最有效策略之一。当我的病人学会敞开心扉，与伴侣分享他们的焦虑时，他们几乎总是报告一种更大的情感联系。)”可知，研究表明当我们与自己所爱的人分享焦虑时就可以建立更大的情感联系。故答案为When we share our anxieties with our loved ones. 3．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also less stressed and anxious.(当我们注意到我们的内在暗示并承认我们的弱点时，我们会变得更加专注和健康，也会减少压力和焦虑。)”可知，当我们注意到我们的内在暗示并承认我们的弱点时，我们会变得更加专注和健康，也会减少压力和焦虑。由此可知，原句：When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious.中的“and also more stressed and anxious”表述错误，应该是“and also less stressed and anxious.”。故答案为When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious. Because according to the passage, when we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge less stressed and anxious. 4．开放题。要求考生谈谈自己将会如何利用考试焦虑来帮助自己更好地准备考试，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为I can use test anxiety to motivate myself to study harder and be better prepared for exams by reminding myself of the importance of doing well and the consequences of not being prepared. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 预测03 阅读理解+七选五+阅读表达 Passage（1） （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）There was a girl named Sabrina who suffered from a severe peanut allergy. This condition, characterized by symptoms like severe itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing upon exposure to peanuts, could have been fatal if not detected and managed early. Fortunately, her allergy was identified at a young age. With the help of doctors and strict dietary measures, she was able to control her symptoms and lead a normal life. However, this experience had a profound impact on her, and she became passionate about helping others with the same suffering of chronic diseases like her. Sabrina realized that early detection was crucial for many such conditions. She decided to focus her studies on this area and eventually got admitted to the medical school of the Yale, where she specialized in the early detection of chronic diseases. During her studies, she encountered various chronic diseases with specific symptoms. One such disease was diabetes, characterized by high blood sugar levels, fatigue, frequent urination, and increased thirst. Another was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which caused persistent coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Nothing can get in the way of a strong-willed heart. Sabrina also studied heart diseases like coronary artery disease (冠心病), which often presented with chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. She learned that early detection of these diseases through regular screenings and lifestyle modifications could significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce the risk of severe complications. At Yale, Sabrina conducted research on developing more effective screening methods for these chronic diseases. Her work focused on identifying biomarkers and genetic factors that could predict the happening of these conditions, allowing for earlier intervention and better management. This little girl’s dedication and research have contributed significantly to the field of chronic diseases management. Her work has helped develop new screening tools and improved treatment strategies, bringing hope to countless individuals living with these conditions. Through her story and efforts, Sabrina has shown that early detection and intervention are key to overcoming the challenges posed by chronic diseases. 1．What life experience left the young girl a far-reaching influence? A．Her allergy to peanuts. B．Severe symptoms and pain. C．Simple and controlled dietary. D．Timely detection and early intervention. 2．About Sabrina’s learning life in the medical school, what can we learn? A．She majored in chronic diseases and their prevention. B．She found early cure can reduce the risk of these diseases. C．She is obsessed with identifying biomarkers and genetic aspects. D．She is expert in heart disease and diabetes relating to shortness of breath. 3．Which kind of traits can we summarize about Sabrina from her story? A．Insight and toughness. B．Openness and diligence. C．Passion and self-discipline. D．Integrity and kindness. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Interest is the Best Teacher. B．Misfortune may be a blessing. C．Experience more, know more. D．Early Bird catches the Worm. Passage（2） （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）Thanks to the popularity of Netflix’s new series “3 Body Problem,” we have a new existential threat to worry about: humanity’s urge to get exposed to the cosmos. Sociologists, game theorists and astrophysicists like Stephen Hawking have been warning for decades against transmitting signals that could reveal humanity’s location to interstellar (星际的) predators. They argue that the only civilizations that survive are the ones smart enough to keep quiet. A species that stands out as soon as it learns to transmit radio signals could fatally attract the attention of an older civilization with much more advanced technology, just as the European discovery of America led to the disaster for the native population. And it’s certainly possible that our technology seems so primitive that the aliens would consider us “savages (野蛮人),” as the European settlers called the natives they displaced. The fear of conquest by aliens rests on the questionable premise that they would greedily crave the natives’ land and resources. But that’s not how civilization is proceeding on Earth as our technology advances. In the past, armies fought wars over access to scarce resources (salt, grain, oil), and 20th-century intellectuals predicted that overpopulation would lead to an “age of scarcity” with catastrophic global shortages of food and energy. But thanks to technological progress, humans today are better nourished and wealthier than ever. Natural resources now matter less to individuals or societies seeking wealth than an intangible resource: knowledge. The modern economy is increasingly dominated by industries that traffic not in physical commodities but in information: software, communications, entertainment, artificial intelligence, education and research. Because of this economic shift, today we wouldn’t react as 16th-century Europeans did to the discovery of a “new world” with less advanced technology. We’d exploit it differently. Sure, there would be oil and mining companies ready to extract resources, but they’d run into fierce opposition from scientists, politicians, and activists determined to preserve and study its ecosystem and native cultures. Why wouldn’t aliens react similarly to the discovery of Earthlings? Why would a civilization with the technological ability to travel across the galaxy and conquer Earth be desperate for food or natural resources? Earth’s farmland and minerals would be far less valuable to the aliens than the knowledge to be gained from studying the strange new life-forms on Earth. Even if they regarded us as primitive creatures, even if they felt no moral obligation to spare an inferior species, they’d be as eager to observe us as we are to watch animals in a zoo. In fact, aliens may already be observing us without making themselves known, a possibility known as the “zoo hypothesis”. In this scenario, the reason we haven’t heard from aliens is that they want to observe the behavior and evolution of Earth’s creatures unaffected by outside influences. METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence) enthusiasts like to think that aliens would generously share their advanced and wondrous technology. But maybe the alien s would rather preserve us in our “natural” state so as not to contaminate the data they’re gathering. If that’s the case, then they would ignore our greetings. On the other hand, maybe alien civilizations have just been waiting for us to become capable of interstellar communication, and would be as curious to communicate with us as we would be with them. It’s always possible, of course, that we’ve heard nothing so far because we really are alone in the universe, or because we’re too far away from anyone else to communicate. But if any intelligent beings are out there in the darkness, let’s not assume they’re genocidal predators. It wouldn’t kill us to say hello. 5．The author writes Paragraph 3 mainly to ______. A．cast doubt on the view that aliens will invade the Earth for food and land B．show that humans are no longer savages thanks to technological progress C．warn against the threat of aliens due to humanity’s technological breakthroughs D．argue that overpopulation will also lead to shortage of resources in modern days 6．What can be inferred about the economic shift mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．It is largely driven by advancements in technology. B．It goes against the need for ecological preservation. C．It will lead to reduced opposition to resource extraction. D．It justifies the exploitation and displacement of the natives. 7．According to the zoo hypothesis, aliens may be observing the Earth secretly in order to ______. A．monitor the progress of human evolution B．assess the benefits of sharing their technology C．gain knowledge of humans without interference D．feel a sense of superiority over primitive life-forms 8．The author’s attitude towards contacting aliens can be best described as ______. A．fearful B．cautious C．doubtful D．optimistic Passage（3） （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today. Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult. As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper, a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.” No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors. A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork. We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships (实习) at established laboratories is the norm. These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops (繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn. Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read. 9．According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 9995 paper ______. A．was a classic in theoretical physics B．turned out to be comprehensible C．needed further improvement D．attracted few professionals 10．What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Unrealistic. B．Irrelevant. C．Unattractive. D．Imprecise. 11．According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops? A．The application of research findings. B．The principle of scientific research. C．The selection of young talents. D．The evaluation of laboratories. 12．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．What makes Einstein great? B．Will science be professionalized? C．Could Einstein get published today? D．How will modern science make advances? Passage（4） （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）We have been defending humanities for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly putting humanities departments on the chopping block. As a humanist, I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one. In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not — and cannot be — conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know. Nonetheless, we should be alert to the danger of becoming accustomed to putting our worst foot forward. An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind. A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight sexism or to promote democracy—and everyone agrees that sexism is bad, and democracy is good — then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy. Politicization is a way of arming the humanities for its political battles, but it comes at an intellectual cost. Why is sexism so bad? Why is democracy so good? Politicization silences these and other questions, whereas the function of the humanities is to raise them. Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. If at some point I am called on to defend the study of Homer or Descartes at some official hearing, I will do my best, but I will not run to battle; the battle will have to come to me. The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit that animates us to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible. 13．What is the author’s main concern regarding the crisis in humanities? A．The pressure on humanists to argue for the value of their disciplines. B．The mounting political scrutiny faced by humanities departments. C．People’s little knowledge regarding the purpose of humanities. D．Students’ lack of interest in studying humanities courses. 14．What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．immune. B．relevant. C．sensitive. D．contrary. 15．What can be inferred about a defensive mindset? A．It brings about a lower chance of survival for humanities. B．It requires a reflective mood on the study of humanities. C．It leads to a compromise on human’s intellectual depth. D．It is the worst action to take in the face of the crisis. 16．Which of the following might the author most probably agree? A．The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight. B．The future of humanities remains cloudy. C．Science is more useful than humanities. D．Humanities may not need any defense. Passage（5） （2025·北京西城·二模）When people hear “artificial intelligence,” many envision “big data.” There’s a reason for that: some of the most important AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade—with so-called transfer learning as an especially promising example. Also known as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have little data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. The way it works is that you first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller data set related to your specific problem. Research in transfer learning approaches has grown impressively over the past 10 years. In a new report for Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), we examined current and projected progress in scientific research across “small data” approaches. Our analysis found that transfer learning stands out as a category that has experienced the most consistent and highest research growth on average since 2010. This growth has even outpaced the larger and more established field of reinforcement learning, which in recent years has attracted widespread attention. Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records. Another way of thinking about the value of transfer learning is in terms of generalization. A recurring challenge in the use of AI is that models need to “generalize” beyond their training data. Because transfer learning models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data were available. Moreover, by using pretrained models, transfer learning can speed up training time and could also reduce the amount of computational resources needed to train algorithms (算法). This efficiency is significant, considering that the process of training one large neural (神经系统的) network requires considerable energy. Despite the growth in research, transfer learning has received relatively little visibility. The existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions. 17．What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Promote. B．Seek. C．Track. D．Monitor. 18．In which of the following settings can transfer learning be best applied? A．Predicting the frequency of floods in Amazon rainforest. B．Designing a program that can read handwritten documents. C．Forecasting the number of people infected with an unknown illness. D．Predicting house prices based on basic features like area and location. 19．What is the writer’s attitude towards transfer learning? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Critical. D．Unconcerned. 20．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Transfer Learning: Where Does It Best Fit? B．Small Data Are Also Crucial for Advancing AI C．Transfer Learning Powers Technological Advances D．Big Data vs. Small Data: Which Is the Future of AI? Passage（6） （2024·北京大兴·三模）The only words you need to say after receiving a compliment (赞美) are “thank you”. But you know that's easier said than done. There are many reasons why you have a hard time accepting compliments. 1 It's a three step process. First, believe what people tell you. If you're still having a hard time taking the compliment, double check. And if it's still hard to accept then you'll have to check yourself. 2 For example, if you're six feet tall and I say, “Wow, you're tall! ” I'm being honest. I'm five foot nine, so plenty of people are tall compared to me. I'm expressing that subjectively, from my shorter vantage point, you are tall. I'm not saying everyone would agree with me. Just like if I say City of God is a great movie, I'm not saying you have to think it's a great movie. You have to listen carefully to compliments. It's not always obvious if you're being complimented for something only others can observe. If you are five foot six inches tall, and weigh seventy pounds, I would say you are slim. But if you are comparing yourself to someone who is shorter, and weighs five pounds less than you, you might call yourself plump. In this extreme example, the outside perspective is more accurate than the internal one.   3 If you're still struggling to accept a compliment, you don't just have to take someone at their word. It can be hard to accept an opinion when it's the opposite of yours, so call in reinforcements. Ask someone else what they think. 4 You can ask two or three or four more people if two isn't enough. 5 If you mislead or lie to people about your opinions, then it's not surprising that you have a hard time trusting that people's compliments are genuine. Be more honest with people around you, and you'll find it much easier to believe what people say about you. A．They will be the tie breaker. B．You can check with someone else instead. C．The causes are complicated but the path to accepting compliments is simpler. D．How honest are you with your friends and family when they ask for your opinion? E．When someone is trying to pay you a compliment, they are speaking subjectively. F．When someone pays you a compliment, they are speaking about something that is observable. G．Similarly, when I call you smart or funny, I'm commenting based on my definition of smart or funny, that's how I see you. Passage（7） （2024·北京·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons and become popular around the world. However, each new pair you buy has a much higher cost than you might think. Every pair of jeans takes about 0.7 kilograms of cotton. Growing this much cotton requires roughly 10,000 liters of water, not to mention various herbicides and pesticides, which can pollute groundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. In order to dye the cloth, chemical sprays and several cycles of acid-washing are adopted, discharging toxic pollutants into rivers and even turn them into indigo-blue. Also, there are the zippers, buttons, and rivets made of copper and other metals, whose mining is yet another source of environmental degradation. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) process for a single pair of jeans emits over 33 kilograms of carbon — the equivalent of driving over 110 kilometers. Like many globally produced products, jeans are made in poor countries and bought in rich ones. Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. Cotton here is often picked by children or forced labor. And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. Because of the fast-paced and rough manufacturing with unnatural materials, today, most pairs last no longer than a year. Like most waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decomposition releases greenhouse gas. Some governments are pursuing policies to make companies more responsible for worker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy throughout the fashion industry. 1．Who may be the first consumers of jeans? 2．Why are plastic fibers used when pairs of jeans are made? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected. 4．What suggestions would you give to reduce the damage caused by jeans? (In about 40 words) Passage（8） （2025·北京延庆·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Anxiety is not deadly, because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that being anxious is a normal part of life, we can use it to our benefit. Anxiety can help build our emotional strength. If we want to build emotional strength, we need to face some degree of mental stress. Of course, unpleasant and abuse tend to cause more harm than good, but the experience of occasional anxiety, stress, and tension substantially increases our emotional courage. Anxiety can increase your emotional connection. Clinical science has identified that sharing our anxieties with our loved ones is one of the most effective strategies to build connection. When my patients learn to open up and share their anxieties with their partners, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional connection. Anxiety can help us rebalance. When we feel genuinely anxious because of stress, it’s our body’s way of telling us to rebalance. Nobody is truly limitless. When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also less stressed and anxious. Anxiety can be a healthy, helpful emotion that is a constructive aspect of human life. When it comes to occasional experience of anxiety, it can emotionally help boost our courage. It can also build up emotional connect ion when we express our sensitive feelings to others. And in the form of stress, it can serve as an internal indicator to remain balanced and healthy. Now it’s high time we started putting it to good use． 5．Why is anxiety not deadly? 6．When can anxiety increase our emotional connection? 7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why? When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious． 8．As a student, how do you make use of test anxiety to help you be better prepared for exams? (In about 40 words) 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$