大题预测02 完形填空+语法填空+阅读表达-【大题精做】冲刺2025年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（北京专用）

预测02 完形填空+语法填空+阅读表达 Passage（1） （24-25高三上·北京通州·开学考试）When Alex was in the 5th grade, he read an alarming article in the newspaper, which said that people were 1 old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping cell phones in the garbage. This is dangerous because e-waste contains harmful 2 that can leak into the environment getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people. Alex was worried and decided to make it the next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had 3 this organization to help solve community problems two years before. But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste 4 and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and 5 notices to students, asking residents to bring their 6 electronics to the school parking lot. The 7 lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to 8 electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began leaning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time. For a 9 solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly 10 the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about the safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.” 1．A．carrying B．burying C．taking D．destroying 2．A．subjects B．restrictions C．bacterial D．chemicals 3．A．developed B．recognized C．formed D．restored 4．A．instantly B．properly C．constantly D．gradually 5．A．distributed B．contributed C．established D．conducted 6．A．unexpected B．unwanted C．useless D．meaningless 7．A．drive B．push C．order D．request 8．A．break down B．take in C．expose to D．deal with 9．A．original B．physical C．lasting D．crucial 10．A．prevents B．permits C．predicts D．forbids Passage（2） （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）This Too Shall Pass When my family moved to Ohio over the summer, I feared attending another new school. I had bright red hair and enormous glasses. In addition, I was 1 and not very sociable. Boarding the school bus that first day, I felt like all eyes on me. I could hear the 2 “She’s huge!” I spent that first bus ride in silence. The following day was 3 . I did not notice that a few boys had tied a shoelace across the aisle and thus fell face-first on the bus. While embarrassingly gathering my supplies, I heard the laughter, “That felt like an earthquake!” Anyway, I managed to find a seat. Looking out of the window, I 4 the tears welling up in my eyes. It was then that I 5 into myself. I began walking everywhere. I would wander through the woods behind our house. I began 6 the afternoon school bus on purpose, walking home instead. Then, unexpectedly, I started losing weight. And as I became more 7 with myself, I began making friends. One of my newly found friends also 8 with her weight. She lived near my neighborhood so we would meet and walk together. This became a daily activity with talking and laughing along the way. My friend said that I didn’t have to be perfect. I just had to be me and be happy with myself. While I would not want to 9 that time of loneliness, sadness and embarrassment, I am proud I made it through. Whenever I am struggling with any other problem in life, I always remember the proverb “This too shall pass.” If you can find a path with no obstacles, it probably doesn’t 10 anywhere. 1．A．slow B．tall C．clumsy D．overweight. 2．A．giggles B．whistles C．whispers D．laughs 3．A．longer B．worse C．funnier D．duller 4．A．took back B．kept away C．put away D．held back 5．A．sank B．tapped C．dug D．turned 6．A．delaying B．missing C．escaping D．stopping 7．A．lonely B．content C．indifferent D．excited 8．A．struggled B．competed C．dealt D．lived 9．A．rethink B．remind C．relate D．relive 10．A．exist B．lead C．stretch D．stay Passage（3） （24-25高三下·北京西城·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The practice of naming “generations” 1 (base) on birth year goes back at least to the supposed “lost-generation” of the late 19th century. But as the tradition slid into a never-ending competition to be the first 2 (propose) the next name 3 sticks, it has produced gradually 4 (decline) returns to social science and the public understanding. （24-25高三下·北京西城·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A marketing professor: In my book The Language of Branding, I mention that brand language is a brilliant way of enhancing customer loyalty (忠诚). 1 (company) that persuade people to use their own terms create “a sense of belonging and improved loyalty 2 the brand”. It also enables employees to work 3 (efficient) than before. （24-25高三下·北京西城·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my own mama and daddy 1 (kill) in an apartment building fire. Lillian Johns was my mom’s mother. Everybody on our street called her Mama Lil and that was 2 I called her too. I had been butting heads (针锋相对) with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we 3 (experience). Passage（4） （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Taking a deep breath, Emily stepped forward and said, “I 1 (learn) CPR. Let me try.” She got down on her knees beside the old woman and checked her condition. With butterflies in her stomach, she began CPR. The memory of the measures she had learned flooded into her mind as she delivered compressions to the woman’s chest. The atmosphere was thick with tension. Everyone 2 (wait) for a miracle to happen. After five rounds of CPR, the old woman’s pale face regained some color, and she began to breathe. Emily’s 3 (nervous) finally gave way to relief. （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 As climate change creates hotter, 1 (dry) conditions, wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe, destroying homes and ecosystems. Researchers at Stanford University have developed a new gel that can lock in more water in the face of fires. When 2 (apply) to the surface of buildings, this gel forms a wet shield. Even in very high temperatures, the gel won’t burn off. Tests showed that this new gel can protect wood 3 over seven minutes, compared to the less than 90 seconds provided by currently used gels. The gel 4 (make) of nontoxic components, making it safe for both people and the environment. （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 There’s an old saying about receiving a gift: it’s the thought that counts. That means that even if you don’t like or need 1 someone has given you, it’s best to focus on the fact that they thought of you and took the time 2 (find) you a present. But after you’ve given your heartfelt thanks, what do you do with the gift itself? If you keep it, it will go to waste and take up space in your home. Some people think it’s OK for you to pass the gift along to someone 3 will appreciate it, but others say that’s rude. What do you think? Is it bad manners to regift a present? Passage（5） （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Air travel has entered an especially fraught place in the public consciousness lately, mostly due to a recent series of incidents in which Boeing planes have caught fire. While no part of the plane may generally be the safest, you might believe that there is probably a best spot to be sitting when specific incidents happen. The common wisdom has long been that the back of a plane is the safest spot to sit. Reporting from Time magazine analyzed 35 years of crash data up to 2015 and found that statistically fewer people who were sitting in the back died in plane crashes. Trouble is, those findings come from somewhat incomplete data. The victims’ seat positions aren’t always included in crash reports, so the data cannot paint a full picture of which zones are safest. The middle section of the plane has a lot going for it in the event of a bumpy flight. However, it’s not necessarily ideal for a catastrophic situation. After all, the middle section is typically where the fuel cells are positioned, meaning if a fire is involved, you’re right on top of the gas tank. Even if you have decided the row, there are again advantages and disadvantages of each seat option. Sitting in the aisle gets you closer to whatever exit you might need to head to in an emergency but also leaves you more vulnerable to getting hit by falling luggage. Sitting by the window lets you see what’s going on outside, giving you a situational advantage, but it leaves you pinned against the wall and waiting until the other people in your row squeeze out first. Occupying the middle gives you a couple of human shields on either side of you to cushion any potential blows, but the middle sea t is uncomfortable and an unpopular first choice. Tricky questions, right? If you’ve got aviation anxiety, all this back-and-forth of trying to figure out the perfect spot to sit is likely to only cause you more inner upset. Frankly, it’s probably not worth the worry. Airplane accidents are ridiculously rare. In fact, compared to just about any other methods it is one of the least deadly means of transit ever created. Airplane crashes are so rare that getting worked up about which seat is the safest one to plop your butt into is likely going to cause you more mental suffering than it’s worth. After all, when accidents do happen, each one is a little different and will affect the plane in different ways. Ultimately, your chances of making it through an emergency in flight has less to do with where you happen to sit and more with how well trained your flight crew is and how closely you listen to their instructions. 1．What is the problem of the common wisdom that the back of a plane is the safest spot to sit? 2．Why is trying to figure out the perfect spot to sit not worth the worry? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Each accident affects the plane in different ways, and when it happens, your survival has a lot to do with where you happen to sit. 4．In what other way (s) can you deal with an unexpected disaster? (In about 40 words) Passage（6） （2025·北京大兴·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Children learn best when the significant adults in their lives—parents, teachers, and other family and community members—work together to encourage and support them. This basic fact should be a guiding principle as we think about how schools should be organized and how children should be taught. Schools alone cannot address all of a child’s developmental needs: the meaningful involvement of parents and support from the community are essential. The need for a strong partnership between schools and families to educate children may seem like common sense. In simpler times, this relationship was natural and easy to maintain. Teachers and parents were often neighbors and found many occasions to discuss a child’s progress. Children heard the same messages from teachers and parents and understood that they were expected to uphold the same standards at home and at school. As society has become more complex and demanding, though, these relationships have all too often fallen by the wayside. Neither educators nor parents have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. In many communities, parents are discouraged from spending time in classrooms and educators are expected to consult with family members only when a child is in trouble. The result, in too many cases, is misunderstanding, mistrust, and a lack of respect, so that when a child falls behind, teachers blame the parents and parents blame the teachers. At the same time，our society has created artificial distinctions （区别）of the roles that parents and teachers should play in a young person’s development. We tend to think that schools should stick to teaching academics and that home is the place where children’s moral and emotional development should take place. Yet children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics— and attitudes about learning —when they are at home or elsewhere in their community. These days, it can take extraordinary efforts to build strong relationships between families and educators. Schools have to reach out to families, making them feel welcome as full partners in the educational process. Families, in turn, have to make a commitment of time and energy to support their children both at home and at school. 1．What is important when it comes to children’s education? 2．Why is it hard for parents and teachers to build a strong partnership nowadays? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 4．What are your suggestions on how to get parents involved in school affairs?   7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 预测02 完形填空+语法填空+阅读表达 Passage（1） （24-25高三上·北京通州·开学考试）When Alex was in the 5th grade, he read an alarming article in the newspaper, which said that people were 1 old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping cell phones in the garbage. This is dangerous because e-waste contains harmful 2 that can leak into the environment getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people. Alex was worried and decided to make it the next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had 3 this organization to help solve community problems two years before. But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste 4 and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and 5 notices to students, asking residents to bring their 6 electronics to the school parking lot. The 7 lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to 8 electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began leaning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time. For a 9 solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly 10 the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about the safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.” 1．A．carrying B．burying C．taking D．destroying 2．A．subjects B．restrictions C．bacterial D．chemicals 3．A．developed B．recognized C．formed D．restored 4．A．instantly B．properly C．constantly D．gradually 5．A．distributed B．contributed C．established D．conducted 6．A．unexpected B．unwanted C．useless D．meaningless 7．A．drive B．push C．order D．request 8．A．break down B．take in C．expose to D．deal with 9．A．original B．physical C．lasting D．crucial 10．A．prevents B．permits C．predicts D．forbids 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主旨讲述了Alex和他的朋友们在发现电子垃圾对环境和人类健康构成的威胁后，通过创建Westerly Innovations Network（WIN）组织，积极采取行动，包括收集和处理电子垃圾、建立电子垃圾投放中心以及推动制定相关法律，以促进电子垃圾的安全处置和再利用，旨在减少电子垃圾对环境的污染，同时帮助那些没有电子设备的学生。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alex五年级的时候，他在报纸上看到了一篇令人震惊的文章，上面说人们将旧电脑埋在后院，把电视机扔进小溪，把手机丢进垃圾堆。A. carrying携带；B. burying埋葬；C. taking拿走；D. destroying破坏。根据后文“throwing TVs into streams, and dumping cell phones in the garbage.”可知，设空处信息与后文构成并列，指人们将旧电脑埋在后院，把电视机扔进小溪，把手机丢进垃圾堆。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是很危险的，因为电子垃圾含有有害化学物质，会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、供水系统和人体内。A. subjects科目；B. restrictions限制；C. bacterial细菌的；D. chemicals化学物质。根据后文“that can leak into the environment getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people.”可知，电子垃圾含有有害化学物质，会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、供水系统和人体内。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alex和他的六个朋友两年前成立了这个组织，帮助解决社区问题。A. developed发展；B. recognized认识；C. formed形成，创立；D. restored恢复。根据后文“this organization to help solve community problems two years before.”可知，Alex和他的六个朋友两年前成立了这个组织。故选C。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们学习了如何正确处理电子垃圾以及如何回收利用。A. instantly立即；B. properly适当地，正确地；C. constantly不断地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据前文“how to dispose (处置) of e-waste”可知，他们学习了如何正确地处理电子垃圾。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在当地报纸上登广告，并向学生分发通知，要求居民把他们不需要的电子产品带到学校的停车场。A. distributed分发；B. contributed贡献；C. established建立；D. conducted进行。根据后文“notices to students, asking residents”可知，Alex和朋友们向学生分发通知。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unexpected意外的；B. unwanted不需要的；C. useless无用的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据前文“Alex and his friends went into action.”以及后文中“electronics to the school parking lot.”可知，Alex和朋友们采取行动处理电子垃圾，因此请求居民把不需要的电子产品带到学校的停车场。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次活动持续了两天，他们收集了超过9500公斤的电子垃圾。A. drive活动，运动；B. push推动；C. order命令；D. request请求。根据前文“They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.”可知，他们在当地报纸上登广告，并向学生分发通知，要求居民把他们不需要的电子产品带到学校的停车场，这个活动持续了两天。故选A。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过一番研究，他们了解到重复使用是处理电子设备的最佳方式，其效率是回收利用的七倍。A. break down分解；B. take in接受；C. expose to暴露于；D. deal with处理。根据前文“reusing is the best way”以及后文“they began leaning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves”可知，Alex和朋友们开始学着自己翻新电脑，由此表明重复使用电子设备是处理电子设备的最佳方式。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要想持久的解决电子垃圾问题，仅仅有一个回收中心是不够的。A. original原始的；B. physical物理的；C. lasting持久的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据后文“the drop-off center wasn’t enough”可知，要想长久的解决电子垃圾问题，一个回收中心是不够的。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该法案明确禁止倾倒电子垃圾。A. prevents阻止；B. permits允许；C. predicts预测；D. forbids禁止。根据前文“In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste.”可知，2016年，WIN帮助推动了他们镇上的一项电子垃圾法案，该法案禁止倾倒电子垃圾。故选D。 Passage（2） （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）This Too Shall Pass When my family moved to Ohio over the summer, I feared attending another new school. I had bright red hair and enormous glasses. In addition, I was 1 and not very sociable. Boarding the school bus that first day, I felt like all eyes on me. I could hear the 2 “She’s huge!” I spent that first bus ride in silence. The following day was 3 . I did not notice that a few boys had tied a shoelace across the aisle and thus fell face-first on the bus. While embarrassingly gathering my supplies, I heard the laughter, “That felt like an earthquake!” Anyway, I managed to find a seat. Looking out of the window, I 4 the tears welling up in my eyes. It was then that I 5 into myself. I began walking everywhere. I would wander through the woods behind our house. I began 6 the afternoon school bus on purpose, walking home instead. Then, unexpectedly, I started losing weight. And as I became more 7 with myself, I began making friends. One of my newly found friends also 8 with her weight. She lived near my neighborhood so we would meet and walk together. This became a daily activity with talking and laughing along the way. My friend said that I didn’t have to be perfect. I just had to be me and be happy with myself. While I would not want to 9 that time of loneliness, sadness and embarrassment, I am proud I made it through. Whenever I am struggling with any other problem in life, I always remember the proverb “This too shall pass.” If you can find a path with no obstacles, it probably doesn’t 10 anywhere. 1．A．slow B．tall C．clumsy D．overweight. 2．A．giggles B．whistles C．whispers D．laughs 3．A．longer B．worse C．funnier D．duller 4．A．took back B．kept away C．put away D．held back 5．A．sank B．tapped C．dug D．turned 6．A．delaying B．missing C．escaping D．stopping 7．A．lonely B．content C．indifferent D．excited 8．A．struggled B．competed C．dealt D．lived 9．A．rethink B．remind C．relate D．relive 10．A．exist B．lead C．stretch D．stay 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者搬到俄亥俄州后在新学校所经历的一段孤独、悲伤和尴尬的时光，以及作者是如何克服这些困难，最终找到自信和朋友的经历。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，我体重超重，不太善于交际。A. slow缓慢的；B. tall高的；C. clumsy笨拙的；D. overweight超重的。根据第二段中“I could hear the 2 ‘She’s huge!’”和第四段中“Then, unexpectedly, I started losing weight”可知，作者体重超重。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能听到窃窃私语，“她太胖了！”A. giggles窃笑；B. whistles口哨声；C. whispers低语；D. laughs大笑。结合下文“She’s huge!”和常识可知，别人不会当着作者的面大声说她胖，只会窃窃私语。故选C项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天更糟了。A. longer更长的；B. worse更糟的；C. funnier更有趣的；D. duller更单调的。根据下文“I did not notice that a few boys had tied a shoelace across the aisle and thus fell face-first on the bus”可知，作者在公交车上摔倒了，说明这一天比第一天更糟糕。故选B项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：望着窗外，我强忍住眼泪。A. took back收回；B. kept away避开；C. put away放好；D. held back抑制，阻止。结合上文“I managed to find a seat.”和常识可推知，虽然受到捉弄，但尊严让作者抑制住了眼泪，自己找了一个位置坐了下来。故选D项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我陷入深思，开始自我反省。A. sank陷入；B. tapped轻拍；C. dug挖；D. turned转动。根据下文“I began walking everywhere. I would wander through the woods behind our house”可推知，作者受到打击，开始独处和自我反省。sink into oneself“通常用来描述一个人陷入深思、沉思或者自我反省的状态”。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始故意错过下午的校车，而是步行回家。A. delaying推迟；B. missing错过；C. escaping逃跑；D. stopping停止。根据下文“walking home instead”可知，作者选择步行回家，故意错过校车。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着我对自己越来越满意，我开始交朋友。A. lonely孤独的；B. content满意的；C. indifferent漠不关心的；D. excited兴奋的。根据上文“I started losing weight”及下文“I began making friends”可知，作者开始减肥，并且交朋友，说明作者对自己越来越满意。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个新认识的朋友也在努力减肥。A. struggled努力；B. competed竞争；C. dealt处理；D. lived生活。根据上文“also”和下文“She lived near my neighborhood so we would meet and walk together”可推知，新朋友也面临同样的困扰，也在努力减肥。struggle with意为“努力对付”。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我不想重温那段孤独、悲伤和尴尬的时光，但我很自豪我度过了那段时光。A. rethink重新考虑；B. remind提醒；C. relate联系；D. relive重温。根据上文“I would not want to”和下文“that time of loneliness, sadness and embarrassment”可知，那段时光对作者来说是孤独、悲伤和尴尬的，所以作者不想重温那段时光。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你能找到一条没有障碍的道路，它可能不会通向任何地方。A. exist存在；B. lead通向；C. stretch伸展；D. stay停留。根据上文“Whenever I am struggling with any other problem in life, I always remember the proverb ‘This too shall pass.’”和“a path with no obstacles”可知，作者认为任何困难都是可以克服的，相反没有障碍的道路不会通向任何地方，也就是没有目标或成就。故选B项。 Passage（3） （24-25高三下·北京西城·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The practice of naming “generations” 1 (base) on birth year goes back at least to the supposed “lost-generation” of the late 19th century. But as the tradition slid into a never-ending competition to be the first 2 (propose) the next name 3 sticks, it has produced gradually 4 (decline) returns to social science and the public understanding. 【答案】1．based 2．to propose 3．that/which 4．declining 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了依据出生年份命名“世代”这一做法的起源和现状。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：依据出生年份命名“世代”的做法至少可以追溯到19世纪末所谓的“迷惘的一代”。“(base) on birth year”在句中作后置定语，base(以……为基础或根据)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The practice之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填based。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：但随着这一传统陷入一场永无止境的竞争，即成为第一个提出下一个合适名称的人，它对社会科学和公众认知的回报逐渐减少。序数词或有序数词修饰的名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，意为“第几个做……的……”；“the first to propose...”表示“第一个提出……的”。故填to propose。 3．考查定语从句。句意：但随着这一传统陷入一场永无止境的竞争，即成为第一个提出下一个合适名称的人，它对社会科学和公众认知的回报逐渐减少。“_____ sticks”是定语从句，修饰先行词name，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：但随着这一传统陷入一场永无止境的竞争，即成为第一个提出下一个合适名称的人，它对社会科学和公众认知的回报逐渐减少。decline(下降，减少)作定语修饰名词returns(回报)，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语returns之间是主动关系，用现在分词declining表主动。故填declining。 （24-25高三下·北京西城·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A marketing professor: In my book The Language of Branding, I mention that brand language is a brilliant way of enhancing customer loyalty (忠诚). 1 (company) that persuade people to use their own terms create “a sense of belonging and improved loyalty 2 the brand”. It also enables employees to work 3 (efficient) than before. 【答案】1．Companies 2．to 3．more efficiently 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是品牌语言在增强客户忠诚度及提升员工工作效率方面的重要作用。 1．考查名词复数。句意：公司如果能说服人们使用自己的术语，就能创造一种“归属感和对品牌的忠诚度”。此处为名词作主语，结合从句中的谓语动词persuade和主句谓语动词create都是复数形式可知，此处需要名词复数形式companies来指代多个公司，作定语从句所修饰的先行词，在句中作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Companies。 2．考查介词。句意：公司如果能说服人们使用自己的术语，就能创造一种“归属感和对品牌的忠诚度”。此处loyalty to表示“对……的忠诚”符合句意，所以此处使用介词to。故填to。 3．考查副词比较级。句意：这也使得员工比以前工作得更有效率。此处修饰动词work应用副词作状语，efficient的副词形式efficiently意为“高效地”，根据空后的than可知，此处使用副词的比较级形式more efficiently。故填more efficiently。 （24-25高三下·北京西城·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my own mama and daddy 1 (kill) in an apartment building fire. Lillian Johns was my mom’s mother. Everybody on our street called her Mama Lil and that was 2 I called her too. I had been butting heads (针锋相对) with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we 3 (experience). 【答案】1．were killed 2．what 3．experienced 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是主人公自幼失去双亲后与外婆Mama Lil生活中的冲突与成长。 1．考查谓语动词。句意：自从我六岁那年，我的亲生父母在一次公寓楼火灾中丧生后，我就一直和Mama Lil生活在一起。此处为when引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，根据先行词可知，此处描述的是六岁发生的事件，所以此处使用一般过去时，kill与主语my own mama and daddy之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为复数。故填were killed。 2．考查表语从句。句意：我们街上每个人都叫她Mama Lil，这也是我怎么称呼她的。此处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少宾补，结合“called her Mama Lil”可知，宾补为名词，所以此处使用连接词what指代Mama Lil。故填what。 3．考查谓语动词。句意：而且我年纪越大，我们之间的分歧就越多，经历的冲突也越多。此处为省略了关系代词的定语从句的谓语动词，根据上文的并列谓语动词were可知，此处使用一般过去时，且与主语之间为主动关系。故填experienced。 Passage（4） （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Taking a deep breath, Emily stepped forward and said, “I 1 (learn) CPR. Let me try.” She got down on her knees beside the old woman and checked her condition. With butterflies in her stomach, she began CPR. The memory of the measures she had learned flooded into her mind as she delivered compressions to the woman’s chest. The atmosphere was thick with tension. Everyone 2 (wait) for a miracle to happen. After five rounds of CPR, the old woman’s pale face regained some color, and she began to breathe. Emily’s 3 (nervous) finally gave way to relief. 【答案】1．have learned 2．was waiting 3．nervousness 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是Emily在紧急情况下运用所学的CPR（心肺复苏术）技能成功救助了一位老妇人的故事。 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我学过心肺复苏术。由“Let me try”可知，Emily已经学过了心肺复苏术，句子时态用现在完成时，主语是I，空格处用have learned，故填have learned。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每个人都在等待奇迹的发生。根据语境可知，句子表示“每个人都在等待奇迹的发生”，句子用过去进行时表示过去的一刻正在进行的动作，主语Everyone是不定代词，因此空格处用was waiting。故填was waiting。 3．考查名词。句意：Emily的紧张终于变成了解脱。Emily’s后跟名词，nervous的名词是nervousness，是不可数名词，意为“紧张”，故填nervousness。 （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 As climate change creates hotter, 1 (dry) conditions, wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe, destroying homes and ecosystems. Researchers at Stanford University have developed a new gel that can lock in more water in the face of fires. When 2 (apply) to the surface of buildings, this gel forms a wet shield. Even in very high temperatures, the gel won’t burn off. Tests showed that this new gel can protect wood 3 over seven minutes, compared to the less than 90 seconds provided by currently used gels. The gel 4 (make) of nontoxic components, making it safe for both people and the environment. 【答案】1．drier 2．applied 3．for 4．is made 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是斯坦福大学的研究人员开发的一种新型凝胶。 1．考查比较级。句意：随着气候变化造成更热、更干燥的环境，野火变得越来越频繁和严重，摧毁了家园和生态系统。由hotter可知，空格处用比较级，dry的比较级是drier，意为“更干燥的”，故填drier。 2．考查状语从句的省略。句意：当应用于建筑物表面时，这种凝胶形成湿屏蔽。when引导的从句表示“当这种凝胶被应用于建筑物表面时”，由forms可知，从句用一般现在时的被动语态，是when this gel is applied to the surface of buildings，时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是applied。故填applied。 3．考查介词。句意：测试表明，这种新型凝胶可以保护木材超过7分钟，而目前使用的凝胶只能保护不到90秒。空格处用介词for表示持续一段时间，故填for。 4．考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：凝胶由无毒成分制成，对人体和环境都是安全的。根据语境可知，句子表示“凝胶由无毒成分制成”，be made of是固定短语，意为“由……制成”，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The gel是不可数名词，因此空格处是is made。故填is made。 （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 There’s an old saying about receiving a gift: it’s the thought that counts. That means that even if you don’t like or need 1 someone has given you, it’s best to focus on the fact that they thought of you and took the time 2 (find) you a present. But after you’ve given your heartfelt thanks, what do you do with the gift itself? If you keep it, it will go to waste and take up space in your home. Some people think it’s OK for you to pass the gift along to someone 3 will appreciate it, but others say that’s rude. What do you think? Is it bad manners to regift a present? 【答案】1．what 2．to find 3．who 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论的是关于“再送礼”（即将收到的礼物转送给其他人）的礼仪问题。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：这意味着，即使你不喜欢或不需要别人送你的礼物，最好还是把重点放在他们为你着想并花时间给你买礼物这一事实上。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“即使你不喜欢或不需要别人送你的礼物”，空格处用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 2．考查不定式。句意：这意味着，即使你不喜欢或不需要别人送你的礼物，最好还是把重点放在他们为你着想并花时间给你买礼物这一事实上。take the time to do sth.是固定短语，意为“花时间做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to find。故填to find。 3．考查定语从句。句意：有些人认为你把礼物传递给一个会喜欢的人是可以的，但其他人认为这是不礼貌的。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词someone是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。 Passage（5） （24-25高三下·北京·开学考试）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Air travel has entered an especially fraught place in the public consciousness lately, mostly due to a recent series of incidents in which Boeing planes have caught fire. While no part of the plane may generally be the safest, you might believe that there is probably a best spot to be sitting when specific incidents happen. The common wisdom has long been that the back of a plane is the safest spot to sit. Reporting from Time magazine analyzed 35 years of crash data up to 2015 and found that statistically fewer people who were sitting in the back died in plane crashes. Trouble is, those findings come from somewhat incomplete data. The victims’ seat positions aren’t always included in crash reports, so the data cannot paint a full picture of which zones are safest. The middle section of the plane has a lot going for it in the event of a bumpy flight. However, it’s not necessarily ideal for a catastrophic situation. After all, the middle section is typically where the fuel cells are positioned, meaning if a fire is involved, you’re right on top of the gas tank. Even if you have decided the row, there are again advantages and disadvantages of each seat option. Sitting in the aisle gets you closer to whatever exit you might need to head to in an emergency but also leaves you more vulnerable to getting hit by falling luggage. Sitting by the window lets you see what’s going on outside, giving you a situational advantage, but it leaves you pinned against the wall and waiting until the other people in your row squeeze out first. Occupying the middle gives you a couple of human shields on either side of you to cushion any potential blows, but the middle sea t is uncomfortable and an unpopular first choice. Tricky questions, right? If you’ve got aviation anxiety, all this back-and-forth of trying to figure out the perfect spot to sit is likely to only cause you more inner upset. Frankly, it’s probably not worth the worry. Airplane accidents are ridiculously rare. In fact, compared to just about any other methods it is one of the least deadly means of transit ever created. Airplane crashes are so rare that getting worked up about which seat is the safest one to plop your butt into is likely going to cause you more mental suffering than it’s worth. After all, when accidents do happen, each one is a little different and will affect the plane in different ways. Ultimately, your chances of making it through an emergency in flight has less to do with where you happen to sit and more with how well trained your flight crew is and how closely you listen to their instructions. 1．What is the problem of the common wisdom that the back of a plane is the safest spot to sit? 2．Why is trying to figure out the perfect spot to sit not worth the worry? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Each accident affects the plane in different ways, and when it happens, your survival has a lot to do with where you happen to sit. 4．In what other way (s) can you deal with an unexpected disaster? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．The problem is that the findings come from somewhat incomplete data, and the victims’ seat positions aren’t always included in crash reports, so the data cannot paint a full picture of which zones are safest. 2．Because airplane accidents are ridiculously rare, and getting worked up about which seat is the safest is likely to cause more mental suffering than it’s worth. 3．Each accident affects the plane in different ways, and when it happens, your survival has a lot to do with where you happen to sit. 4．When unexpected disasters happen, we should first protect our heads and vital organs, then focus on following crew instructions attentively, staying calm, familiarizing yourself with emergency exits before takeoff, and practicing quick evacuation procedures to enhance safety during unexpected disasters. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了不同座位位置在航空事故中的利弊，包括飞机后部、中部、靠窗、过道等位置。同时提到飞机事故非常罕见，过于纠结座位安全性可能会带来不必要的精神痛苦，强调在紧急情况下听从机组人员指示更为重要。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“The common wisdom has long been that the back of a plane is the safest spot to sit. Reporting from Time magazine analyzed 35 years of crash data up to 2015 and found that statistically fewer people who were sitting in the back died in plane crashes. Trouble is, those findings come from somewhat incomplete data. The victims’ seat positions aren’t always included in crash reports, so the data cannot paint a full picture of which zones are safest.(长期以来，人们普遍认为飞机的后部是最适合乘坐的位置。《时代》杂志的一篇报道分析了截至2015年35年间的坠机数据，发现统计数据显示，坐在飞机后部的乘客在空难中的死亡率较低。问题在于，这些结论是基于并不完整的数据得出的。因为并非所有的空难报告都包含受害者的座位信息，所以这些数据无法全面反映哪个区域是最安全的)”可知，人们普遍认为飞机后部是最安全的座位，这一观点存在的问题是这些发现来自于一些不完整的数据。受害者的座位位置并不总是包含在事故报告中，因此这些数据无法全面反映哪些区域是最安全的，故填The problem is that the findings come from somewhat incomplete data, and the victims’ seat positions aren’t always included in crash reports, so the data cannot paint a full picture of which zones are safest。 2．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Airplane accidents are ridiculously rare. In fact, compared to just about any other methods it is one of the least deadly means of transit ever created. Airplane crashes are so rare that getting worked up about which seat is the safest one to plop your butt into is likely going to cause you more mental suffering than it’s worth(飞机事故极为罕见。事实上，与几乎所有其他交通方式相比，坐飞机是最安全的出行方式之一。飞机失事的概率微乎其微，以至于纠结于哪个座位最安全实在是得不偿失，反而可能会让你承受更多的精神痛苦)”可知，试图找出飞机上最完美的座位位置是得不偿失的，因为飞机事故非常罕见，而过于纠结哪个座位最安全可能会给你带来更多的精神痛苦，故填Because airplane accidents are ridiculously rare, and getting worked up about which seat is the safest is likely to cause more mental suffering than it’s worth。 3．考查细节理解。句子“Each accident affects the plane in different ways, and when it happens, your survival has a lot to do with where you happen to sit(每次事故对飞机的影响各不相同，事故发生时，你的生存几率很大程度上取决于你的座位位置)”的错误部分为“your survival has a lot to do with where you happen to sit(你的生存几率很大程度上取决于你的座位位置)”，根据最后一段中的“Ultimately, your chances of making it through an emergency in flight has less to do with where you happen to sit and more with how well trained your flight crew is and how closely you listen to their instructions(最终，你在飞行中应对紧急情况的几率，与你坐在何处关系较小，而更多地取决于机组人员的培训程度以及你对他们指示的遵从程度)”可知，你在飞行中应对紧急情况的几率，更多地取决于机组人员的培训程度以及你对他们指示的遵从程度，与你坐在何处关系较小，所以“your survival has a lot to do with where you happen to sit(你的生存几率很大程度上取决于你的座位位置)”表达是错误的，故填Each accident affects the plane in different ways, and when it happens, your survival has a lot to do with where you happen to sit。 4．开放性试题。要言之有理，注意词数限制。根据最后一段中的“Ultimately, your chances of making it through an emergency in flight has less to do with where you happen to sit and more with how well trained your flight crew is and how closely you listen to their instructions(最终，你在飞行中应对紧急情况的几率，与你坐在何处关系较小，而更多地取决于机组人员的培训程度以及你对他们指示的遵从程度)”可知，你在飞行中应对紧急情况的几率，更多地取决于机组人员的培训程度以及你对他们指示的遵从程度，所以当意外灾难发生时，我们应首先保护头部及重要器官，然后专注地听从机组人员指示，保持冷静，熟悉起飞前的紧急出口位置，并练习快速疏散程序，以在意外灾难中提高安全系数，故填When unexpected disasters happen, we should first protect our heads and vital organs, then focus on following crew instructions attentively, staying calm, familiarizing yourself with emergency exits before takeoff, and practicing quick evacuation procedures to enhance safety during unexpected disasters。 Passage（6） （2025·北京大兴·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Children learn best when the significant adults in their lives—parents, teachers, and other family and community members—work together to encourage and support them. This basic fact should be a guiding principle as we think about how schools should be organized and how children should be taught. Schools alone cannot address all of a child’s developmental needs: the meaningful involvement of parents and support from the community are essential. The need for a strong partnership between schools and families to educate children may seem like common sense. In simpler times, this relationship was natural and easy to maintain. Teachers and parents were often neighbors and found many occasions to discuss a child’s progress. Children heard the same messages from teachers and parents and understood that they were expected to uphold the same standards at home and at school. As society has become more complex and demanding, though, these relationships have all too often fallen by the wayside. Neither educators nor parents have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. In many communities, parents are discouraged from spending time in classrooms and educators are expected to consult with family members only when a child is in trouble. The result, in too many cases, is misunderstanding, mistrust, and a lack of respect, so that when a child falls behind, teachers blame the parents and parents blame the teachers. At the same time，our society has created artificial distinctions （区别）of the roles that parents and teachers should play in a young person’s development. We tend to think that schools should stick to teaching academics and that home is the place where children’s moral and emotional development should take place. Yet children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics— and attitudes about learning —when they are at home or elsewhere in their community. These days, it can take extraordinary efforts to build strong relationships between families and educators. Schools have to reach out to families, making them feel welcome as full partners in the educational process. Families, in turn, have to make a commitment of time and energy to support their children both at home and at school. 1．What is important when it comes to children’s education? 2．Why is it hard for parents and teachers to build a strong partnership nowadays? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 4．What are your suggestions on how to get parents involved in school affairs?   【答案】1．It is important that parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children./Parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children. 2．In today’s society, parents and teachers are left with little time to build a strong relationship for the benefit of children./Because neither parents nor teachers have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. 3．Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 1. According to the passage, it’s a false impression that parents focus on children’s moral and emotional development and teachers stick to teaching academics. In fact, parents should also help the children with their studies and teachers should contribute to children's moral and emotional development as well. 2. According to the passage, in reality, children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics—and attitudes about learning—when they are at home or elsewhere in their community, so parents and teachers should be aware that there isn’t a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 48．Parents can be involved in school affairs in many ways. For example, they can encourage children to complete homework, attend parent-teacher conferences, and be active members of the parent-teacher organization. Besides, they can also volunteer for school activities or provide assistance for schools and students in various ways. 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了当儿童生活中的重要成人——父母、教师和其他家庭及社区成员——共同努力鼓励和支持他们时，儿童的学习效果最好。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Children learn best when the significant adults in their lives—parents, teachers, and other family and community members—work together to encourage and support them. This basic fact should be a guiding principle as we think about how schools should be organized and how children should be taught. Schools alone cannot address all of a child’s developmental needs: the meaningful involvement of parents and support from the community are essential.(当孩子们生活中重要的成年人——父母、老师和其他家庭和社区成员——共同努力鼓励和支持他们时，他们学得最好。这一基本事实应该成为我们思考如何组织学校和如何教育孩子的指导原则。学校本身不能满足儿童的所有发展需要:家长的有意义的参与和社区的支持是必不可少的)”可知，当谈到孩子的教育时，最重要的是家长、老师和其他家庭和社区成员共同努力鼓励和支持孩子们。故回答：It is important that parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children.或者Parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“As society has become more complex and demanding, though, these relationships have all too often fallen by the wayside. Neither educators nor parents have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children.(然而，随着社会变得越来越复杂和苛刻，这些关系往往被搁置一边。教育工作者和家长都没有足够的时间去了解彼此，为孩子建立工作关系)”可知，因为父母和老师都没有足够的时间去了解彼此，所以家长和老师很难建立牢固的伙伴关系。故回答：In today’s society, parents and teachers are left with little time to build a strong relationship for the benefit of children.或者Because neither parents nor teachers have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. 3．考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段“At the same time，our society has created artificial distinctions （区别）of the roles that parents and teachers should play in a young person’s development. We tend to think that schools should stick to teaching academics and that home is the place where children’s moral and emotional development should take place.(与此同时，我们的社会人为地划分了父母和老师在青少年发展过程中应该扮演的角色。我们倾向于认为学校应该坚持教授学术知识，而家应该是孩子们道德和情感发展的地方)”以及倒数第二段“Yet children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics— and attitudes about learning —when they are at home or elsewhere in their community.(然而，当孩子们进入教室时，他们并没有停止学习价值观和人际关系，当他们在家里或社区的其他地方时，他们也没有停止学习学术——以及对学习的态度)”可知，作者并不认为家庭和学校在孩子的教育中他们的责任有明确的分工，所以Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children.这句话中“there is a clear division of their responsibilities”部分错误。故回答：Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 1. According to the passage, it’s a false impression that parents focus on children’s moral and emotional development and teachers stick to teaching academics. In fact, parents should also help the children with their studies and teachers should contribute to children's moral and emotional development as well. 2. According to the passage, in reality, children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics—and attitudes about learning—when they are at home or elsewhere in their community, so parents and teachers should be aware that there isn’t a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 4．开放性问题，根据最后一段“These days, it can take extraordinary efforts to build strong relationships between families and educators. Schools have to reach out to families, making them feel welcome as full partners in the educational process. Families, in turn, have to make a commitment of time and energy to support their children both at home and at school.(如今，在家庭和教育工作者之间建立牢固的关系需要付出非凡的努力。学校必须向家庭伸出援手，让他们感到在教育过程中作为完全的合作伙伴是受欢迎的。反过来，家庭也必须投入时间和精力在家中和学校里支持他们的孩子)”可知，家长需帮助学校，投入时间和精力在家中和学校里支持他们的孩子。故回答：Parents can be involved in school affairs in many ways. For example, they can encourage children to complete homework, attend parent-teacher conferences, and be active members of the parent-teacher organization. Besides, they can also volunteer for school activities or provide assistance for schools and students in various ways. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$