Unit 3 My hometown 语法篇（冠词&方位介词）（“学”&“练”）-2024-2025学年七年级英语下册学练测同步（译林版2024）

Unit 3 My hometown 语法篇（冠词&方位介词）（“学”&“练”） 冠词 关于“冠词”语法内容，教材如是说： 冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词a/an常用来泛指某人或某物，定冠词the常用来指特定的某人或某物。 ◆我们在第一次提到某人或某物时，如果是可数名词单数，常在其前加不定冠词a/an。 如：Look! Here is a cat.看！这里有只猫。 There is an apple tree over there.那边有一棵苹果树。 注意：冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前，冠词an用于以元音音素开头的可数名词单数前，元音音素不等同于元音字母。 ◆我们在谈到之前提过的某人或某物，或特指某人或某物时，常在其前加定冠词the。 如：I have a pen. The pen is a present from Ben.我有支钢笔。这支钢笔是本送我的礼物。 Can l open the window? 我可以把这扇窗户打开吗? ◆一些专有名词前要加定冠词the。 如：We will visit the National Stadium.我们将参观国家体育场。 The Yellow River is called the “Mother River” by Chinese people.黄河被中国人称为“母亲河”。 ◆当名词表示的物体是或被认为是独一无二时，要在名词前加the。 如：I want to travel around the world.我想周游世界。 注意：一般在球类，棋牌类名词前不加冠词，在乐器名称前加定冠词。 如： play football踢足球 play volleyball打排球 play chess下国际象棋 play the piano弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 play the erhu拉二胡 笔者注：名词不加冠词的现象，在英语中又称“零冠词”。 一、基础知识 (一)不定冠词用法基础 【研学活动】 用法 例句 首次提及 There is ________ elephant at the zoo. ________ elephant comes from Thailand. 【解析】第一空“一头大象”，首次提及，elephant为以元音音素开头的单数可数名词，故填不定冠词an；第二空特指前面提到的那头大象，故填定冠词the修饰。句意：动物园里有一头大象。这头大象来自泰国。 表示泛指 —Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning. —Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. 【解析】这里两处说的笔都是泛指，没有特指是哪一支笔。所以两处都用不定冠词a。句意：“你见到一支笔吗？我今天早上把它落在这儿了。”“是一支黑色的吗？我想我刚才在什么地方见到它了。” —What are you going to be when you grow up, Sam? —________ teacher like you. 【解析】这里表示泛指，故填A。句意：“你长大了打算干什么？”“(做)像你一样做一位老师。” 表示“一”的含义 (也表示“泛指”) We will see ________ even stronger China in the near future. 【解析】“一个更加强大的中国”既表示“一”，也是泛指，用不定冠词，even以元音音素开头，要用不定冠词，故填an。句意：在不远的将来我们将会看到一个更加强大的中国。 表示频率 “每一” The doctor told me to take the medicine three times ________ day. 【解析】“一天三次”，表示频率，故填a。句意：医生告诉我此药一天吃三次。 关于“不定冠词”的基本用法有两个关键：一是“首次提及”或泛指，二是二者兼而有之。 (二)定冠词用法基础 【研学活动】 用法 例句 指之前提到过的某人 或某物 This is ________ book. ________ book is very interesting. 【解析】第一空根据“This is ... book.”可知，此处首次提及，也表泛指，且“book”为以辅音音素开头，故用“a”。第二空指前面提到过的book，故填the。句意：这是一本书。这本书很有趣。 —Chen Yancong, a nurse from Tong’an Number Five Hospital, performed CPR on a ________ man on her way home. —Thanks to her help, the ________ man was saved in time. 【解析】第一空为泛指，故填a；第二空指前面提到过的man，故填the。句意：“同安第五医院的护士陈彦聪在回家的路上给一名男子做了心肺复苏术。”“多亏了她的帮助，那个人及时得救了。” 特指某人或某物 (包括双方都知道的) —Who is ________ lady over there? —Oh, she is my aunt. 【解析】特指那位女士，故填the。句意：“那边的那位女士是谁？”“哦，她是我的阿姨。” It seems that it is going to rain. You’d better close ________ the windows when you go out. 【解析】双方都知道是哪些窗户，故填the。句意：看起来要下雨。你出去的时候最好把窗户关上。 用于某些 专有名词前 —What do you think of ________ Yangze River? —Oh! It’s one of the longest rivers in the world. 【解析】在专有名词Yangze River前用the。句意：“你觉得长江怎么样？”“哦！它是世界上最长的河流之一。” 用于世界上 独一无二的物体前 We can’t see ________ sun at night. 【解析】根据句意可知，这里表示独一无二的事物，应用the。句意：我们夜里看不到太阳。 用于(演奏某种) 乐器名词前 —Do you like playing ________ piano or ________ basketball? —I like playing basketball. 【解析】根据题意可知，play the piano“弹钢琴”，乐器前加the，第一空用the，play basketball“打篮球”，球类前不加the，第二空应用零冠词/。故选B。句意：“你喜欢弹钢琴还是打篮球？”“我喜欢打篮球。” 对比：他昨天给女儿买了一架钢琴。 He bought a piano yesterday for his daughter. 关于“定冠词”的基本用法有两个关键：一是特指(包括指前面提到过的人或物已经双方都知道的)；二是“专、独及(演奏某种)乐器”。 二、拓展知识 (一)不定冠词用法拓展 【研学活动】 用法 例句 用于抽象名词 具体化后的名词前 —What great progress he’s made! —He is no longer such ________ failure as everybody calls him. 【解析】a failure一个失败者。句意：“他取得了多大的进步！”“他不再像大家所说的那样是个失败者了。” —What do you think of the latest TV play by the famous young stars? —I think the complete work is ________ big failure. 【解析】a failure一件失败的事情。句意：“你觉得那些著名的年轻明星最近的电视剧怎么样？”“我认为整部作品是一个很大的失败。” What great progress Tom has made in English! And it was _________ great success. 【解析】a success一件成功的事情。句意：汤姆在英语方面取得了多大的进步啊！那是一个巨大的成功。 用于人名前，表示“叫做……的人”或“一个像……那样的人” I can’t tell you the way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have ________ Wilson here in the village. 【解析】Wilson是一个人名，通常都是单独使用，但是本题中使用a修饰，泛指一个名叫Wilson的人。句意：我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路，因为本村没有叫做威尔逊的人。 the加姓氏复数表示“一家人” ________ Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now. 【解析】定冠词the加姓氏复数表示“一家人”，所以用The。句意：史密斯一家人现在习惯居住在上海。 与序数词连用，表示“又，再” More mistakes can be found if you go over the paper carefully for ________ second time. 【解析】a second time再次。句意：如果你再认真检查一遍试卷，就会发现更多的错误。(the second time指第二次) (二)定冠词用法拓展 【研学活动】 用法 例句 用于形容词或名词前 表示类别 The famous actor gave away over 10,000,000 yuan to help ________ poor last year. 【解析】the poor指“贫穷”的一类人。句意：这位著名演员去年捐出1000多万元帮助穷人。 Alexander Graham Bell invented ________ telephone in 1876. 【解析】the+名词单数表示“一类”。句意：1876年阿历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。 再比如：The compass was invented in China.指南针是中国人发明的。 用在序数词和形容词最高级前面 Yang Liwei is ________ first man who has been into space in China. 【解析】the first第一个。句意：杨利伟是中国登上太空的第一人。 High-speed train was regarded as one of ________ greatest inventions in the 20th century. 【解析】形容词最高级前常常用the 句意：高速列车被认为是20世纪最伟大的发明之一。 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 My father moved to Hainan in ________ early 1990s, when he was in his thirties. 【解析】in the 1990s在20世纪90年代。句意：我的父亲二十世纪九十年代在他三十多岁时就移居到了海南。 三、易错提醒 易错点 例句 26个字母中“A/E/F/H/I/L/M/N/O/R/S/X” 的前用不定冠词“an”， 其余字母前要用“a” There is a ‘u’ and an ‘s’ in the word “use”. “use”这个词中有一个“u”和一个“s”。 There is an “f” and a “v” in the word “five”. 单词“five”中有一个“f”和一个“v”。 There is an “l” and an “m” in the word “seldom”. “很少”这个词中有一个“l”和一个“m”。 有些以元音字母开头的单词，由于它不是以元音因素开头，其前仍用a He is now a university student.他现在是一名大学生。 类例：unit, useful, useless, uniform, usual, European, one等 有些单词虽然以辅音字母开头，由于它的第一个读音为元音，其前用an He is not an honest boy. 类例：hour, honor 一些以元音因素开头的数词/字，其前用an(特别注意阿拉伯数字) an 11-year-old boy一个11岁的男孩 an 8-year-old child一位八岁的孩子 特别提醒：短语中的冠词(是用不定冠词还是用定冠词)以及用不用冠词需要我们牢记。比如：in charge of和in the charge of意思就有所不同。 方位介词 关于“方位介词”语法内容，教材如是说： 我们常用方位介词来表示物体的位置。 如：There are some footballs under the desk.在桌子下面有几只足球。 There is a boy in front of the shop.在商店前面有个男孩。 ◆常用的方位介词如下： 方位介词 含义 注意 at 在……处 指在某一点，常用于较小的地点 in 在……处 相对于at，常用于较大的地点 on 在……上 指在某一平面上 above 在……上方 表示“高于某物” below 在……下方 表示“低于某物” over 在……上方 指在垂直正上方 under 在……下方 指在垂直正下方 in front of 在……前面 指在某物内部的前面， 注意与in the front of 的区别，后者指在某物外部的前面 behind 在……后面 指在某物的后面 inside 在……里面 outside 在……外面 beside 在……旁边 next to 在……旁边 相当于beside between 在……中间 between通常表示在两者之间， among表示“在三者(或以上)之间” 一、介词通识 介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在……前部)+position(位置)”构成的，所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词(不可单独在句中作任何成分)，主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系，如空间位置(方位)、时间先后、因果关系、方式、方法等等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语(是考试的重点内容)。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。 上述表格中除了“in front of, in the front of, next to”称之为“短语介词”，其余都称之为“简单/单个介词”。 以下知识看一看有好处。 分 类 特 点 例 词 简单/单个介词 就一个介词 at, in, on, above等等。 合成介词 由两个介词构成 into, onto, within等等 短语介词 由短语构成 according to, because of, instead of等等。 双重介词 由两个介词搭配而成 from among, from behind, from under等等。 分词介词 由现在分词转化而来 considering(就……而论), including等等。 兼类介词 由形容词直接转化而来 like, unlike等等。 二、方位介词的详解 方位介词 详解 例句 表示地理位置的 at in on to at表示在较小的具体地点或场所 I’m at the bus stop.我在公交站。 in表示在物体内部或较大空间范围(较大地点)或在某一地区之内的某方位(属于该范围) The keys are in the drawer.钥匙在抽屉里。 She lives in a big city.她住在大城市。 Fujian is/lies in the southeast of China. 福建位于中国的东南部。 on表示与某地的毗邻关系(接壤) Mongolia is on the north of China. 蒙古位于中国的北部。 to表示在某一地区之外的某方位(不接壤) Taiwan is/lies to the east of Fujian. 台湾在福建的东面。 表示空间位置的above below over under on above在……的斜上方 The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云层上方飞行。 below在……的斜下方 I live on the tenth floor in this building, just ten floors below you.我住在这栋楼的十楼，就在你下面的十层。 over 在……的正上方 或表示“覆盖，笼罩” There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。 She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。 under在……的正下方 I have a pair of new sport shoes. One is under the bed, but I can’t find the other one.我有一双新运动鞋。一只在床下，但我找不到另一只了。 on在……的上面(表面接触) There is a pen, some books and a toy on the table.桌上有一支钢笔、一些书和一个玩具。 注意 in也可以表示“在……的上”。如：in the tree在树上的东西本身不是树的一部分(如人、鸟等)；而on the tree在树上的东西本身是树的一部分东西(如叶子、果实等) There’s a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。 There’re some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有几个苹果。 表示前后位置的 in front of in the front of before behind in front of在……(外部)的前面 in the front of在……(内部)的前面(即：在……的前部) In the classroom, Helen sits in front of Daniel in the front of the classroom. 在教室里，Helen坐在教室前部的Daniel的前面。 before所表示的位置关系和in front of相同 behind在……的后面(与before互为反义词)，(抽象意义上的)落后 Close the door of fear behind you, and you will see the door of success open before you. 关上你身后的害怕之门，你就会看到成功之门在你面前敞开着。 I have visited your school before and I still remember there was a tall tree behind your library.以前我参观过你们学校，我还记得在你们的图书馆后面有一棵高高的树。 He plays computer games so often that he falls behind the other students.他经常玩电脑游戏，以致于落后于其他学生。 beside next to 在……旁边 紧挨…… Mary, come and sit beside me.玛丽，过来坐在我旁边。 My best friend sits next to me in class. 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。 The post office is next to the bus stop. 邮局紧挨着公共汽车站。 between among 在……之间(指二者) 在……之间(指三者或以上) The small village lies among the mountains and there is a big river between the village and the outside world.这个小村庄坐落在群山之中，村庄和外界之间有一条大河。 inside outside 在……里面 在……外面 As middle school students, we should have good behavior both inside and outside the school.作为中学生，我们应该在校内外都有良好的行为。 补充 Across the lake is a 17-hole bridge.湖对面是一座17洞的桥。 Our student center is across from the dining hall. We must cross the playground. 我们的学生中心在餐厅的对面。我们必须穿过操场。 He climbed up the ladder against the wall and went into the room through the open window.他爬上靠在墙上的梯子，并且通过窗户进入房间。 It is lucky for me to spend four hours taking a boat trip along the Yangtze River. 我很幸运能花四个小时沿着长江乘船旅行。 When people walk in a forest, they may be in danger because there are many dangerous animals around them.当人们在森林里散步时，他们可能面临危险，因为他们周围有很多危险的动物。 There is a supermarket near my house. We often buy food there.在我家附近有一个超市。我们经常在那里买食物。 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分40分) 1. My brother can play _______ soccer and I can play _______ piano. A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. /, the 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我哥哥会踢足球，我会弹钢琴。the定冠词；/零冠词，不加冠词。根据空后“soccer”和“piano”可知，此处考查球类运动之前不加冠词；乐器之前要加定冠词the，故选D。 2. — Do you know how to spell ________ word “expensive” in English? — Yes. It begins with ________ “e”. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, a D. the, an 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“你知道如何用英语拼写‘expensive’这个词吗？”“是的。它以‘e’开头。”第一个空特指单词“expensive”，用定冠词the；第二个空泛指“一个字母e”，且e 以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，故选D。 3. There is ________ “u” and ________ “s” in the word “bus”. A. a,a B. an,an C. a,an D. an,a 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在单词bus中有一个u和一个s。a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，修饰元音音素开头的单词。字母u是辅音音素开头的，用a修饰，字母s是元音音素开头，用an修饰，故选C。 4. —Would you like to play ________ chess with me right now? —Sorry, I have to meet some friends. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“你现在想和我一起下棋吗？”“对不起，我得去见一些朋友。”a一个，表示泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表示泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，那个，表示特指；/表示不填，零冠词。play chess“下棋”，固定短语，故选D。 5. We have ________ English lesson this morning. I think it’s ________ useful subject. A. a, an B. a, a C. an, an D. an, a 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们今天早上有一节英语课。我认为它是一门有用的学科。a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前。第一空后English以元音音素开头，所以用an修饰；第二空后useful以辅音音素开头，所以用a修饰，故选D。 6. —I read ________ story about Shen Nong. Do you know who he was, Tony? —He was ________ emperor in ancient China. A. an, an B. an, a C. a, a D. a, an 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“我读了一个关于神农的故事。你知道他是谁吗，Tony？”“他是中国古代的一位皇帝。” 不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前，两者都泛指 “一个”。story是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a。emperor是以元音音素开头的单词，前用an，故选D。 7. —What a beautiful gift! Is it for me?   —Yes, it is. It’s ________ present for you. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“多漂亮的礼物！是给我的吗？”“是的。这是送给你的礼物。”a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词之前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词之前；the这个；/零冠词。由“It’s…present for you”可知，此处指是给你的一份礼物，表泛指，present以辅音音素开头，应用a，故选A。 8. —Look! There is ________ old man over there. —Yes, he is my grandfather. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“看！有一个老人在那儿。”“是的，那个老人是我的爷爷。”a一个，表示泛指，a用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表示泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；定冠词the这个，那个，通常用于特指，这里是指上文提到的人。根据“There is...old man over there.”可知，这里表示泛指“一个老人”，且old是元音音素开头，故选B。 9. It’s ________ amazing show that makes people interested. A. the B. an C. a D. / 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这是一场让人感兴趣的精彩演出。the定冠词，表特指；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；/零冠词。根据“It’s…amazing show that makes people interested.”的语境可知，此处表示泛指的含义，空后的“amazing”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用an，故选B。 10. She saw ________ boy playing with his dog. A. a 11-year-old B. an 7-year-old C. an 11-year-old D. a 8-year-old 【答案】C 【解析】句意：她看见一个八岁大的小男孩在和他的狗玩。空处修饰名词boy，用形容词11-year-old表示“十一岁大的”，且eleven是元音音素开头的单词，所以填不定冠词an表泛指“一个”。seven是辅音音素开头的单词，而eight是元音音素开头的单词，故选C。 11. There is ________ elephant in the zoo. ________ elephant is from Africa. A. a, The B. an, The C. /, An D. an, An 【答案】B 【解析】句意：动物园里有一头大象，这头大象来自非洲。“elephant”是以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词用“an”；第二次提到上文的事物，用定冠词“the”，故选B。 12. ________ young man in white sports shoes is ________ American basketball player called Carmelon Anthony. A. The, an B. The, a C. A, an D. A, a 【答案】A 【解析】句意：穿白色运动鞋的那个年轻人是美国篮球运动员，名叫卡默隆·安东尼。the表示特指；a泛指一个，且用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an泛指一个，且用于元音音素开头的单词前。根据“... young man in white sports shoes”可知，第一空特指穿着白色运动鞋的年轻人，用定冠词the；根据“American basketball player called Carmelon Anthony”可知，那个年轻人是一位美国篮球运动员，表示泛指，且American发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，故选A。 13. —Our dog is really ________ clever animal. —Yes. It’s ________ cleverest dog in the world! A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“我们的狗真是个聪明的动物。”“是的。它是世界上最聪明的狗！”a一，不定冠词表泛指，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前；the，定冠词，表特指。第一空表示泛指，且clever以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a；cleverest是形容词最高级，其前要用定冠词the来修饰，故选B。 14. —We’re looking for ________ to deal with the new computer virus (病毒). —Maybe my brother is the right person. He is ________ engineer. A. someone, a B. anyone, an C. anyone, the D. someone, an 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“我们正在找人来对付新的电脑病毒。”“也许我哥哥是合适的人选。他是一名工程师。”someone某人；anyone任何人。根据“We’re looking for...”可知是在寻找某个人，肯定句中用someone；第二个空表示泛指，engineer以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，故选D。 15. ________ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The evens B. The Evens’ C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’ 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在即将到来的圣诞节期间，Evens一家将进行一次环球旅行。根据“…will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.”可知，此处表示Evens一家将要去旅行，应用The+姓氏的复数形式表示一家人，选项C符合题意，故选C。 16. Breakfast is an important meal. We should have ________ big breakfast every morning. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 【答案】A 【解析】句意：早餐是很重要的一餐。我们每天早上都应该吃一顿丰盛的早餐。a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，修饰元音音素开头的单词；the那个，表示特指；breakfast表示“早餐吃的东西”时，是可数名词，此处是一顿丰盛的早餐食物，是可数名词，big是辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a修饰，故选A。 17. My brother trained dogs to help ________ to cross the streets. A. the blind B. the poor C. the homeless D. the deaf 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我哥哥训练狗帮助盲人过马路。the blind盲人；the poor穷人；the homeless无家可归的人；the deaf聋人。根据“trained dogs to help…to cross the streets”可知，训练狗是用于帮助盲人安全过马路，故选A。 18. ________ weather in my hometown is nice in ________ summer. A. A, a B. The, a C. A, / D. The, / 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在我的家乡，夏天的天气很好。a泛指一个，用于辅音音素前；the定冠词，表示特指；/表示零冠词。根据“weather in my hometown”可知，此处特指我家乡的天气，所以第一空用定冠词；第二空表达“在一年四季”，四季前不加冠词，故选D。 19. —Don’t you think Huawei company is ________ success?    —Yes, I do. Huawei smartphones are popular among ________ public in China. A. the, a B. a, the C. a, a D. /, a 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你不认为华为公司是一个成功的公司吗？”“是的，我认为是。华为智能手机在中国很受公众的欢迎。”a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词或字母前；the定冠词，表特指。泛指“成功”时，success前不用冠词，但当 success 抽象名词具体化时是指“一个成功的人，一件成功的事” ，前要用不定冠词，此处空一处表“一个成功的公司”，应该用不定冠词，success是以辅音音素开头，所以用a；the public是固定搭配，意为“公众”。故选B。 20. It’s an old custom to eat sweet dumplings for _________ breakfast on the Lantern Festival. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在元宵节早餐吃元宵是一个古老的习俗。 a一个，是不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前；an一个，是不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的可数名词单数前；the定冠词，表示特指；/不填。在英语中，三餐名词前一般不用冠词，这里“breakfast”前不需要加冠词，故选D。 21. Chongqing is ________ the southwest of China and ________ the east of Sichuan, but it lies ________ the north of Guangxi. A. in, on, to B. on, in , in C. in, in, to D. to, on, in 【答案】A 【解析】句意：重庆位于中国西南部，四川东部，但位于广西北部。in是表示在某一地区内的方位(属于该范围，在境内)；on表示与某一地区的毗邻关系(两地接壤)；to表示在某一地区之外的方位(不属于该范围)。根据常识可知，重庆在中国，用介词in，重庆和四川接壤用on，和广西隔开用to，故选A。 22. There’s a river __________ the two cities, __________ the river there is a bridge. A. between, On B. between, Over C. in, In D. in the middle of, Above 【答案】B 【解析】句意：两座城市之间有一条河，河上有一座桥。between在……之间，强调在两个事物或人之间的空间关系；on在……上，两者相接触；over在……上方，指一个物体在另一个物体的正上方，两者没有接触；in在……里；in the middle of在……中间，强调在两个事物或人的正中间位置；above在……上面，可能是正上方也可能是斜上方，两者没有接触。第一空根据“the two cities”可知，是两个城市之间，应用between；第二空根据“the river there is a bridge”可知，是在河的正上方，应用over，故选B。 23. The kid hid himself ________ the door so that his mother wouldn’t find him. A. before B. behind C. into D. outside 【答案】B 【解析】句意：那个孩子躲在门后，因此他的母亲无法找到他。before在..之前，behind在……之后，into深入…之中，outside在……范围之外。根据题干可知behind符合题意，故正确答案为B。 24. Lucy, a very tall girl sits ________ me. So I can’t see the blackboard ________ the classroom clearly. A. in front of, in the front of B. in the front of, in the front of C. behind, in the front of D. in the front of, at the back of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：露西，一个非常高的女孩坐在我前面。所以我看不清教室前面的黑板。in front of在……前面；in the front of在……前面(一般指空间内部)；behind在……后面；at the back of在……的后面。根据“so I can’t see the blackboard”可知看不清黑板，说明露西是坐在前面，强调的是两个人之间的位置关系，表示前面用in front of；第二空是指黑板在教室前面，表示教室内部的前面，用in the front of ，故选A。 25. The giraffe is very tall. It can eat the leaves ________ the tree. A. in B. on C. at D. for 【答案】B 【解析】句意：长颈鹿是非常高的。它能吃到树上的叶子。in在……里；on在……上；at在；for为了。根据“eat the leaves”可知应是吃树上的叶子，长在树上的东西用on the tree，故选B。 26. There is a path ________ the hills. Just go ________ it and you’ll find the house at the end of it. A. between, along B. above, across C. over, along D. among, across 【答案】A 【解析】句意：山间有一条小路。沿着这条路走，你会在尽头找到那座房子。between在……之间(两者)；along沿着；above在……上面；across横过；over在……上面；among在……中间(三者及以上)。根据“There is a path...the hills.”可知，小路在两座山的中间，第一空应填between；根据“...you’ll find the house at the end of it.”可知，沿着小路走才会在尽头找到房子，第二空应填along，go along“沿着走”，故选A。 27. My parents often walk ________ the forest to enjoy the fresh air. A. across B. through C. between D. behind 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我父母经常穿过森林去享受新鲜空气。across从表面穿过；through从内部穿过；between在……之间；behind在……后面。根据“walk...the forest to enjoy the fresh air.”可知，此处指从森林内部穿过，去享受新鲜空气，故选B。 28. —Where are you in your classroom? —I am _________ Li Ming. He is just on my right. A. next to B. between C. behind D. in front of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你现在教室里的哪个位置？”“我紧挨着李明。他就在我的右边。”next to紧挨着；between在……之间；behind在……后面；in front of在……前面。根据“He is just on my right.”可知，我紧挨着李明，故选A。 29. —Where do you sit? —I sit ________ Mary. She’s in front of me. A. next to B. behind C. across from D. before 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你坐在哪里？”“我坐在Mary后面。她在我前面。”next to在……旁边；behind在……后面；across from在……对面；before在……前面。根据“She’s in front of me”可知，我在Mary后面，故选B。 30. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, a beautiful river, runs ________ Siyang and there are many beautiful bridges ________ the river. A. across, through B. across, over C. through, over D. through, through 【答案】C 【解析】句意：京杭大运河，一条美丽的河流，穿过泗阳，河上有许多美丽的桥梁。across从物体表面穿过；through从内部穿过；over在某物的垂直上方。第一空根据“The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, a beautiful river, runs ... Siyang”可知京杭大运河穿过泗阳，是从内部穿过，因此是through；第二空根据“there are many beautiful bridges ... the river”可知桥梁在河正上方，因此是over，故选C。 31. The schoolbag in Picture ________ is under the chair. A. B. C. D. 【答案】A 【解析】句意：图中A的书包在椅子下面。根据“The schoolbag in Picture…is under the chair”可知，图片A中的书包是在椅子下面的，符合题意，故选A。 32. The old man likes sitting ________ some children to tell interesting stories when he is free. A. between B. among C. through D. across 【答案】B 【解析】句意：老人有空时喜欢坐在孩子们中间讲有趣的故事。between在两者之间；among在三者以上之中；through通过；across横穿。根据“The old man likes sitting ... some children to tell interesting stories when he is free.”可知在一些孩子中坐着讲故事，用among，故选B。 33. John and I live in the same building. But I live _________ the ground floor. He lives two floors _________ me. A. on, over B. in, under C. in, below D. on, above 【答案】D 【解析】句意：John和我住在同一栋楼。但是我住在一楼。他住在我家上面的两层楼。on在……上，与物体表面有接触；over在……正上方；in在……里；under在……正下方；below在……下；above在……上方，指笼统的上方。根据“the ground floor”可知，此处指在一楼，与表面有接触，用介词on，排除BC选项；由“He lives two floors ... me.”可知，他住在我家上面，没有接触，且不一定是正上方，因此用above，故选D。 34. —Jack, can you swim ________ the river? —I don’t think I can. It’s too wide for me. A. over B. across C. through D. by 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“杰克，你能游过这条河吗？”“我觉得我不能。它对我来说太宽了。”over越过，强调不与物体接触；across横穿，从一边到另一边，动作是在物体表面进行的；through(从内部)穿过，；by在……旁边。此处指“从河的这边游到那边”，用across，故选B。 35. ________ the ground floor, we can see the stars ________ the sky clearly. A. On, under B. In, in C. On, in D. In, under 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在地面上，我们可以清楚地看到天空中的星星。on在……上；under在……下边；in在……里面。根据题意可知，on the ground floor“在地面上”，固定短语，in the sky“天空中”，固定短语，故选C。 36. The supermarket is ________ my home. It’s very convenient. A. far from B. near C. next D. between 【答案】B 【解析】句意： 超市在我家附近。非常方便。far from远离；near在……附近；next常与to连用，表示“紧挨着”；between在……之间。根据“It’s very convenient.”可知，离家近，故选B。 37. —Excuse me, could you please tell me where the bank is? —You just need to cross the street. The bank is __________ the street. A. next to B. across from C. near D. behind 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“打扰一下，你能告诉我银行在哪吗？”“你只需要穿过马路。银行就在街对面。”next to紧挨；across from在……对面；near附近；behind后面。根据“You just need to cross the street. ”可知，你只需要穿过马路，此处表示它在马路的对面，故选B。 38. —Many people often park their e-bikes ________ the building. —That’s very dangerous. The government has made some policies (政策) to stop this. A. inside B. outside C. before D. beside 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“很多人经常把电动自行车停在大楼里。”“那是非常危险的。政府已经制定了一些政策来阻止这种情况。”inside在……里面；outside在……外面；before在……前面；beside在……旁边。根据“park their e-bikes ... the building”及“That’s very dangerous.”可知把电动车停在建筑物里面是危险行为，故选A。 39. —What do you have ________ your neighbourhood? —Supermarkets, a school and a hospital. A. of B. on C. around D. with 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“你的社区周围都有什么？”“超市，一所学校和一家医院。”of属于……的；on在……上面；around在……周围；with和。根据“Supermarkets, a school and a hospital.”可知，此处应询问社区周围都有什么，故选C。 40. The two boys helped the old man go ________ the street just now. A. above B. over C. through D. across 【答案】D 【解析】句意：刚才两个男孩帮助老人过马路。above在……上面，与物体表面不接触；over在……上方，与物体表面不接触；through穿过，指从物体内部穿过；across穿过，从物体表面穿过。此处指帮助老人过马路，从马路表面走过，应用across，故选D。 二、短文填空(每题0.5分，满分10分) 用适当的冠词填空，不用冠词(零冠词)处画“/” We had ___1___ special lesson ___2___ last Friday. Our geography teacher, Mr. Huang, took us to ___3___ Ocean Park. We visited ___4___ park in ___5___ afternoon. Mr. Huang asked us to take ___6___ good look at ___7___ animals there, especially(尤其是) ___8___ big pandas. Luckily, we saw ___9___ big panda playing ___10___ ball on ___11___ ground when we got there. We stayed there for half ___12___ hour and took ___13___ lot of pictures because it was ___14___ exciting experience to see in ___15___ real life. 【答案】 1. a 2. / 3. the 4. the 5. the 6. a 7. the 8. the 9. a 10. a 11. the 12. an 13. a 14. an 15. / 【语篇导读】短文主要讲述了上星期五去参观海洋公园的事情。 1. 句意：上周五我们上了一堂特别的课。根据句意可知，空处的词表示泛指，且special 以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a，故填a。 2. 句意：上周五我们上了一堂特别的课。last Friday，上周五，其前不加任何冠词，故填/。 3. 句意：我们的地理老师黄先生带我们去了海洋公园。根据空后“Ocean Park”可知，空处 表示特指，应用定冠词the，故填the。 4. 句意：我们下午参观了公园。此处指前文提到的公园，应用定冠词the，故填the。 5. 句意：我们下午参观了公园。下午：in the afternoon，固定短语，故填the。 6. 句意：黄先生让我们好好看看那里的动物，尤其是大熊猫。看一看……：take a look at， 固定短语，故填a。 7. 句意：黄先生让我们好好看看那里的动物，尤其是大熊猫。根据空后“there”可知，此处 表示“海洋公园里”的动物，表示特指，应用定冠词the，故填the。 8. 句意：黄先生让我们好好看看那里的动物，尤其是大熊猫。此处指公园里的大熊猫，也 是表示特指，故应用定冠词the，故填the。 9. 句意：幸运的是，当我们到达那里时，我们看到一只大熊猫在地上玩球。空处表示泛指， 且big以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a，故填a。 10. 句意：幸运的是，当我们到达那里时，我们看到一只大熊猫在地上玩球。空处表示泛 指，且ball以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a，故填a。 11. 句意：幸运的是，当我们到达那里时，我们看到一只大熊猫在地上玩球。在地上：on the ground，固定短语，故填the。 12. 句意：我们在那里呆了半个小时，拍了很多照片。空处表示泛指“一个”，且hour以 元音音素开头，故应用不定冠词an，故填an。 13. 句意：我们在那里呆了半个小时，拍了很多照片。许多：a lot of，固定短语，故填a。 14. 句意：因为这是一次在现实生活中看到的激动人心的经历。空处表示泛指，且exciting 以元音音素开头，故应用不定冠词an，故填an。 15. 句意：因为这是一次在现实生活中看到的激动人心的经历。life，生活，不可数名词，其前不加冠词， 故填/。 用适当的方位介词填空 Xuanwu Lake is a famous place in Nanjing. It is in the center of the city. Once you are ___16___ the park, you will find a small garden.There is a bridge ___17___ the small river in the garden. Some fish are swimming in the water. ___18___ the bridge, there are some benches.You can sit there and enjoy the view. There are many boats on the lake. People can rowboats on it. ___19___ the lake, there are some beautiful pavilions(亭子).You can also find some trees ___20___ the pavilions,which make the pavilions look more beautiful. Xuanwu Lake is a great place to visit. 【答案】16. inside/in 17. over 18. Beside/Next to 19. Around 20. behind 【语篇导读】短文主要介绍了南京玄武湖。 16. 句意：一旦你置身公园里，你会发现一个小花园。inside/in在……里面，故填inside/in。 17. 句意：花园里的小河上有一座桥。over 在……的正上方，故填over。 18. 句意：桥旁边有一些长椅。Beside/Next to在……旁边，紧挨……，故填 Beside/Next to。 19. 句意：湖的四周有一些漂亮的亭子。around围绕，环绕，绕着，故填Around。 20. 句意：你还发现亭子后面有些树，这让亭子看起来更漂亮。behind在……的后面，故填behind。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 My hometown 语法篇（冠词&方位介词）（“学”&“练”） 冠词 关于“冠词”语法内容，教材如是说： 冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词a/an常用来泛指某人或某物，定冠词the常用来指特定的某人或某物。 ◆我们在第一次提到某人或某物时，如果是可数名词单数，常在其前加不定冠词a/an。 如：Look! Here is a cat.看！这里有只猫。 There is an apple tree over there.那边有一棵苹果树。 注意：冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前，冠词an用于以元音音素开头的可数名词单数前，元音音素不等同于元音字母。 ◆我们在谈到之前提过的某人或某物，或特指某人或某物时，常在其前加定冠词the。 如：I have a pen. The pen is a present from Ben.我有支钢笔。这支钢笔是本送我的礼物。 Can l open the window? 我可以把这扇窗户打开吗? ◆一些专有名词前要加定冠词the。 如：We will visit the National Stadium.我们将参观国家体育场。 The Yellow River is called the “Mother River” by Chinese people.黄河被中国人称为“母亲河”。 ◆当名词表示的物体是或被认为是独一无二时，要在名词前加the。 如：I want to travel around the world.我想周游世界。 注意：一般在球类，棋牌类名词前不加冠词，在乐器名称前加定冠词。 如： play football踢足球 play volleyball打排球 play chess下国际象棋 play the piano弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 play the erhu拉二胡 笔者注：名词不加冠词的现象，在英语中又称“零冠词”。 一、基础知识 (一)不定冠词用法基础 【研学活动】 用法 例句 首次提及 There is ________ elephant at the zoo. ________ elephant comes from Thailand. 【解析】 表示泛指 —Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning. —Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. 【解析】 —What are you going to be when you grow up, Sam? —________ teacher like you. 【解析】 表示“一”的含义 (也表示“泛指”) We will see ________ even stronger China in the near future. 【解析】 表示频率 “每一” The doctor told me to take the medicine three times ________ day. 【解析】 关于“不定冠词”的基本用法有两个关键：一是“首次提及”或泛指，二是二者兼而有之。 (二)定冠词用法基础 【研学活动】 用法 例句 指之前提到过的某人 或某物 This is ________ book. ________ book is very interesting. 【解析】 —Chen Yancong, a nurse from Tong’an Number Five Hospital, performed CPR on a ________ man on her way home. —Thanks to her help, the ________ man was saved in time. 【解析】 特指某人或某物 (包括双方都知道的) —Who is ________ lady over there? —Oh, she is my aunt. 【解析】 It seems that it is going to rain. You’d better close ________ the windows when you go out. 【解析】 用于某些 专有名词前 —What do you think of ________ Yangze River? —Oh! It’s one of the longest rivers in the world. 【解析】 用于世界上 独一无二的物体前 We can’t see ________ sun at night. 【解析】 用于(演奏某种) 乐器名词前 —Do you like playing ________ piano or ________ basketball? —I like playing basketball. 【解析】 对比：他昨天给女儿买了一架钢琴。 He bought ________ piano yesterday for his daughter. 关于“定冠词”的基本用法有两个关键：一是特指(包括指前面提到过的人或物已经双方都知道的)；二是“专、独及(演奏某种)乐器”。 二、拓展知识 (一)不定冠词用法拓展 【研学活动】 用法 例句 用于抽象名词 具体化后的名词前 —What great progress he’s made! —He is no longer such ________ failure as everybody calls him. 【解析】 —What do you think of the latest TV play by the famous young stars? —I think the complete work is ________ big failure. 【解析】 What great progress Tom has made in English! And it was _________ great success. 【解析】 用于人名前，表示“叫做……的人”或“一个像……那样的人” I can’t tell you the way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have ________ Wilson here in the village. 【解析】 the加姓氏复数表示“一家人” ________ Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now. 【解析】定冠词the加姓氏复数表示“一家人”，所以用The。句意：史密斯一家人现在习惯居住在上海。 与序数词连用，表示“又，再” More mistakes can be found if you go over the paper carefully for ________ second time. 【解析】 (二)定冠词用法拓展 【研学活动】 用法 例句 用于形容词或名词前 表示类别 The famous actor gave away over 10,000,000 yuan to help ________ poor last year. 【解析】 Alexander Graham Bell invented ________ telephone in 1876. 【解析】 再比如：The compass was invented in China.指南针是中国人发明的。 用在序数词和形容词最高级前面 Yang Liwei is ________ first man who has been into space in China. 【解析】 High-speed train was regarded as one of ________ greatest inventions in the 20th century. 【解析】 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 My father moved to Hainan in ________ early 1990s, when he was in his thirties. 【解析】 三、易错提醒 易错点 例句 26个字母中 “________________________” 的前用不定冠词“an”， 其余字母前要用“a” There is a ‘u’ and an ‘s’ in the word “use”. “use”这个词中有一个“u”和一个“s”。 There is an “f” and a “v” in the word “five”. 单词“five”中有一个“f”和一个“v”。 There is an “l” and an “m” in the word “seldom”. “很少”这个词中有一个“l”和一个“m”。 有些以______字母开头的单词，由于它不是以______因素开头，其前仍用a He is now a university student.他现在是一名大学生。 类例：unit, useful, useless, uniform, usual, European, one等 有些单词虽然以______字母开头，由于它的第一个读音为_____，其前用an He is not an honest boy. 类例：hour, honor 一些以______因素开头的数词/字，其前用an(特别注意阿拉伯数字) an 11-year-old boy一个11岁的男孩 an 8-year-old child一位八岁的孩子 特别提醒：短语中的冠词(是用不定冠词还是用定冠词)以及用不用冠词需要我们牢记。比如：in charge of和in the charge of意思就有所不同。 方位介词 关于“方位介词”语法内容，教材如是说： 我们常用方位介词来表示物体的位置。 如：There are some footballs under the desk.在桌子下面有几只足球。 There is a boy in front of the shop.在商店前面有个男孩。 ◆常用的方位介词如下： 方位介词 含义 注意 at 在……处 指在某一点，常用于较小的地点 in 在……处 相对于at，常用于较大的地点 on 在……上 指在某一平面上 above 在……上方 表示“高于某物” below 在……下方 表示“低于某物” over 在……上方 指在垂直正上方 under 在……下方 指在垂直正下方 in front of 在……前面 指在某物内部的前面， 注意与in the front of 的区别，后者指在某物外部的前面 behind 在……后面 指在某物的后面 inside 在……里面 outside 在……外面 beside 在……旁边 next to 在……旁边 相当于beside between 在……中间 between通常表示在两者之间， among表示“在三者(或以上)之间” 一、介词通识 介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在……前部)+position(位置)”构成的，所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词(不可单独在句中作任何成分)，主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系，如空间位置(方位)、时间先后、因果关系、方式、方法等等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语(是考试的重点内容)。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。 上述表格中除了“in front of, in the front of, next to”称之为“短语介词”，其余都称之为“简单/单个介词”。 以下知识看一看有好处。 分 类 特 点 例 词 简单/单个介词 就一个介词 at, in, on, above等等。 合成介词 由两个介词构成 into, onto, within等等 短语介词 由短语构成 according to, because of, instead of等等。 双重介词 由两个介词搭配而成 from among, from behind, from under等等。 分词介词 由现在分词转化而来 considering(就……而论), including等等。 兼类介词 由形容词直接转化而来 like, unlike等等。 二、方位介词的详解 方位介词 详解 例句 表示地理位置的 at in on to I’m at the bus stop.我在公交站。 The keys are in the drawer.钥匙在抽屉里。 She lives in a big city.她住在大城市。 Fujian is/lies in the southeast of China. 福建位于中国的东南部。 Mongolia is on the north of China. 蒙古位于中国的北部。 Taiwan is/lies to the east of Fujian. 台湾在福建的东面。 表示空间位置的above below over under on The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云层上方飞行。 I live on the tenth floor in this building, just ten floors below you.我住在这栋楼的十楼，就在你下面的十层。 There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。 She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。 I have a pair of new sport shoes. One is under the bed, but I can’t find the other one.我有一双新运动鞋。一只在床下，但我找不到另一只了。 There is a pen, some books and a toy on the table.桌上有一支钢笔、一些书和一个玩具。 注意 in也可以表示“在……的上”。如：in the tree 而on the tree There’s a bird ______ the tree.树上有只鸟。 There’re some apples ______ the tree. 那棵树上有几个苹果。 表示前后位置的 in front of in the front of before behind in front of in the front of In the classroom, Helen sits in front of Daniel in the front of the classroom. 在教室里，Helen坐在教室前部的Daniel的前面。 before所表示的位置关系和in front of相同 behind在……的后面(与before互为反义词)，(抽象意义上的)落后 Close the door of fear _______ you, and you will see the door of success open _______ you. 关上你身后的害怕之门，你就会看到成功之门在你面前敞开着。 I have visited your school before and I still remember there was a tall tree _______ your library.以前我参观过你们学校，我还记得在你们的图书馆后面有一棵高高的树。 He plays computer games so often that he falls _______ the other students.他经常玩电脑游戏，以致于落后于其他学生。 beside next to Mary, come and sit beside me.玛丽，过来坐在我旁边。 My best friend sits next to me in class. 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。 The post office is next to the bus stop. 邮局紧挨着公共汽车站。 between among The small village lies among the mountains and there is a big river between the village and the outside world.这个小村庄坐落在群山之中，村庄和外界之间有一条大河。 inside outside As middle school students, we should have good behavior both inside and outside the school.作为中学生，我们应该在校内外都有良好的行为。 补充 Across the lake is a 17-hole bridge.湖对面是一座17洞的桥。 Our student center is across from the dining hall. We must cross the playground. 我们的学生中心在餐厅的对面。我们必须穿过操场。 He climbed up the ladder against the wall and went into the room through the open window.他爬上靠在墙上的梯子，并且通过窗户进入房间。 It is lucky for me to spend four hours taking a boat trip along the Yangtze River. 我很幸运能花四个小时沿着长江乘船旅行。 When people walk in a forest, they may be in danger because there are many dangerous animals around them.当人们在森林里散步时，他们可能面临危险，因为他们周围有很多危险的动物。 There is a supermarket near my house. We often buy food there.在我家附近有一个超市。我们经常在那里买食物。 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分40分) 1. My brother can play _______ soccer and I can play _______ piano. A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. /, the 2. — Do you know how to spell ________ word “expensive” in English? — Yes. It begins with ________ “e”. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, a D. the, an 3. There is ________ “u” and ________ “s” in the word “bus”. A. a,a B. an,an C. a,an D. an,a 4. —Would you like to play ________ chess with me right now? —Sorry, I have to meet some friends. A. a B. an C. the D. / 5. We have ________ English lesson this morning. I think it’s ________ useful subject. A. a, an B. a, a C. an, an D. an, a 6. —I read ________ story about Shen Nong. Do you know who he was, Tony? —He was ________ emperor in ancient China. A. an, an B. an, a C. a, a D. a, an 7. —What a beautiful gift! Is it for me?   —Yes, it is. It’s ________ present for you. A. a B. an C. the D. / 8. —Look! There is ________ old man over there. —Yes, he is my grandfather. A. a B. an C. the D. / 9. It’s ________ amazing show that makes people interested. A. the B. an C. a D. / 10. She saw ________ boy playing with his dog. A. a 11-year-old B. an 7-year-old C. an 11-year-old D. a 8-year-old 11. There is ________ elephant in the zoo. ________ elephant is from Africa. A. a, The B. an, The C. /, An D. an, An 12. ________ young man in white sports shoes is ________ American basketball player called Carmelon Anthony. A. The, an B. The, a C. A, an D. A, a 13. —Our dog is really ________ clever animal. —Yes. It’s ________ cleverest dog in the world! A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a 14. —We’re looking for ________ to deal with the new computer virus(病毒). —Maybe my brother is the right person. He is ________ engineer. A. someone, a B. anyone, an C. anyone, the D. someone, an 15. ________ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The evens B. The Evens’ C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’ 16. Breakfast is an important meal. We should have ________ big breakfast every morning. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 17. My brother trained dogs to help ________ to cross the streets. A. the blind B. the poor C. the homeless D. the deaf 18. ________ weather in my hometown is nice in ________ summer. A. A, a B. The, a C. A, / D. The, / 19. —Don’t you think Huawei company is ________ success?    —Yes, I do. Huawei smartphones are popular among ________ public in China. A. the, a B. a, the C. a, a D. /, a 20. It’s an old custom to eat sweet dumplings for _________ breakfast on the Lantern Festival. A. a B. an C. the D. / 21. Chongqing is ________ the southwest of China and ________ the east of Sichuan, but it lies ________ the north of Guangxi. A. in, on, to B. on, in , in C. in, in, to D. to, on, in 22. There’s a river __________ the two cities, __________ the river there is a bridge. A. between, On B. between, Over C. in, In D. in the middle of, Above 23. The kid hid himself ________ the door so that his mother wouldn’t find him. A. before B. behind C. into D. outside 24. Lucy, a very tall girl sits ________ me. So I can’t see the blackboard ________ the classroom clearly. A. in front of, in the front of B. in the front of, in the front of C. behind, in the front of D. in the front of, at the back of 25. The giraffe is very tall. It can eat the leaves ________ the tree. A. in B. on C. at D. for 26. There is a path ________ the hills. Just go ________ it and you’ll find the house at the end of it. A. between, along B. above, across C. over, along D. among, across 27. My parents often walk ________ the forest to enjoy the fresh air. A. across B. through C. between D. behind 28. —Where are you in your classroom? —I am _________ Li Ming. He is just on my right. A. next to B. between C. behind D. in front of 29. —Where do you sit? —I sit ________ Mary. She’s in front of me. A. next to B. behind C. across from D. before 30. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, a beautiful river, runs ________ Siyang and there are many beautiful bridges ________ the river. A. across, through B. across, over C. through, over D. through, through 31. The schoolbag in Picture ________ is under the chair. A. B. C. D. 32. The old man likes sitting ________ some children to tell interesting stories when he is free. A. between B. among C. through D. across 33. John and I live in the same building. But I live _________ the ground floor. He lives two floors _________ me. A. on, over B. in, under C. in, below D. on, above 34. —Jack, can you swim ________ the river? —I don’t think I can. It’s too wide for me. A. over B. across C. through D. by 35. ________ the ground floor, we can see the stars ________ the sky clearly. A. On, under B. In, in C. On, in D. In, under 36. The supermarket is ________ my home. It’s very convenient. A. far from B. near C. next D. between 37. —Excuse me, could you please tell me where the bank is? —You just need to cross the street. The bank is __________ the street. A. next to B. across from C. near D. behind 38. —Many people often park their e-bikes ________ the building. —That’s very dangerous. The government has made some policies (政策) to stop this. A. inside B. outside C. before D. beside 39. —What do you have ________ your neighbourhood? —Supermarkets, a school and a hospital. A. of B. on C. around D. with 40. The two boys helped the old man go ________ the street just now. A. above B. over C. through D. across 二、短文填空(每题0.5分，满分10分) 用适当的冠词填空，不用冠词(零冠词)处画“/” We had ___1___ special lesson ___2___ last Friday. Our geography teacher, Mr. Huang, took us to ___3___ Ocean Park. We visited ___4___ park in ___5___ afternoon. Mr. Huang asked us to take ___6___ good look at ___7___ animals there, especially(尤其是) ___8___ big pandas. Luckily, we saw ___9___ big panda playing ___10___ ball on ___11___ ground when we got there. We stayed there for half ___12___ hour and took ___13___ lot of pictures because it was ___14___ exciting experience to see in ___15___ real life. 用适当的方位介词填空 Xuanwu Lake is a famous place in Nanjing. It is in the center of the city. Once you are ___16___ the park, you will find a small garden.There is a bridge ___17___ the small river in the garden. Some fish are swimming in the water. ___18___ the bridge, there are some benches.You can sit there and enjoy the view. There are many boats on the lake. People can rowboats on it. ___19___ the lake, there are some beautiful pavilions(亭子).You can also find some trees ___20___ the pavilions,which make the pavilions look more beautiful. Xuanwu Lake is a great place to visit. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$