课文助读(5) Unit3 Understanding ideas-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义晨背晚默（外研版2019）

课文助读(五) Understanding ideas 教材原文助读 ◎ ①gateway n．通向……的门户 ②oasis n．(沙漠中的)绿洲 ③glorious adj.辉煌的 glorious history 辉煌的历史 ④represent vt.展示；表现 ⑤significance n．(尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义；意思 significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的 attach significance to... 认为……意义重大；重视 ⑥cultural and commercial exchange 文化与商业交流 exchange n．(不同国家人或团体之间的)交流，互访 ⑦tourist destination旅游胜地 ⑧boast v．(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的事物) ⑨UNESCO­protected受联合国教科文组织保护的 ⑩heritage n．遗产 ⑪be carved out of... 用……雕刻而成的 ⑫get a better view 看得更清楚 ⑬astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的，使人大为惊奇的 ⑭cover an area of... 占地…… ⑮vary vi.变化 vary from...to... 从……到……不等 ⑯depict vt.描绘，描画 ⑰scarf n．围巾，披巾，头巾 ⑱in more detail 更为详细地 ⑲peak n．高峰，顶点 ⑳find n．发现物，被发现的人(尤指有趣、有价值或有用者) ㉑sealed adj.密封的 seal vt.密封 seal sth.(up)(with sth.) (用某物)密封某物 ㉒manuscript n．手稿，原稿 ㉓scroll n．纸卷，卷轴 ㉔thrown．投掷的距离；抛，扔 a stone's throw form 离……不远；在……附近 ㉕arrive vi.送达，寄到 ㉖export vt.& vi.输出，出口 [反义]import vt.进口 ㉗detailed adj.详细的，精细的 ㉘ceramics n．陶瓷制品 ㉙perfume n．香料 ㉚to name just a few仅举几例 ㉛reveal vt.显示，透露；揭露 ㉜prosperous adj.繁荣的，兴旺的 ㉝fade vi.逐渐消失 vi.& vt.褪色 fade from... 从……逐渐消失 ㉞bring...(back) to life使……焕发生机 ㉟the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议 initiative n．倡议 ㊱crossroads n．活动中心，汇集地 ㊲the Silk Road International Cultural Expo 丝绸之路国际文化博览会 expo n．展览会，博览会 ㊳strengthen v．加强 ㊴mutual adj.相互的，共同的 ㊵move on (to sth.)开始做(别的事)；换话题 ◎ WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! Welcome to Dunhuang！On the old Silk Road，this city was the gateway① to and from Ancient China，a place [1]where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert.[2]You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis② of Dunhuang ahead of them. [1]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a place，where在从句中作地点状语。 [2]本句是主从复合句。how引导宾语从句，该从句中when引导时间状语从句。 Dunhuang's long and glorious③ history represents④ its significance⑤ as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange⑥.Today，Dunhuang is a world­class tourist destination⑦ [3]boasting⑧ sites with UNESCO­protected⑨ heritage⑩ status．Now，we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves，[4]of which there are more than 700．[5]Known as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves were carved out of⑪ the rock over a period of 1，000 years.If you look up，you can see the paintings and other artworks [6]that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together．Look at these statues！You can see elements from Ancient Greece，India and Iran.Now look around the walls of the cave.[7]Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view⑫.Look at them！The murals cover an astonishing⑬ area of⑭ 45，000 square metres. [3]动词­ing形式短语作后置定语，world­class tourist destination与boast之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 [4]“介词(of)＋关系代词(which)”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代caves。 [5]过去分词短语作状语，be known as...意为“作为……而出名”。 [6]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the paintings and other artworks，在从句中作主语；介词to后是how引导的宾语从句。 [7]so that引导目的状语从句，主句是一个祈使句。 The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary⑮ from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.But one type of mural [8]that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras，or “Flying Immortals”．Representations of these heavenly musicians，singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves.Take a look at this mural.[9]The Apsaras are depicted⑯ sailing in the bright blue sky，with their scarves⑰ flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us.And here is another one.Move over here where you can see it in more detail⑱.The Apsaras are holding lotuses，playing musical instruments，dancing and throwing flowers.The painting of Apsaras reached a peak⑲ during the Tang Dynasty；these images are full of life，[10]reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time． [8]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词one type of mural，that在从句中作主语。 [9]本句是主从复合句。“with their scarves flying”是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；as if引导方式状语从句。 [10]动词­ing形式短语作状语。 Now，something really extraordinary happened in 1900，when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds⑳ of the 20th century.[11]In a sealed㉑ cave，now known as the famous Library Cave，were hidden thousands of manuscripts㉒，paintings and scrolls㉓，as well as silk embroideries.We'll have a chance to see some of them shortly—the Library Cave is only a stone's throw from㉔ here.[12]Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD，these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.Thanks to this ancient library，we now know that goods arrived㉕ in Dunhuang from as far away as North­east Europe，and that goods were also exported㉖ from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe.[13]The scrolls are so detailed㉗ that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics㉘，medicine，perfumes㉙ and fruit，to name just a few㉚.The scrolls also reveal㉛ how many different communities lived side­by­side within this great city.[14]However，the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery. [11]本句为表地点的介词短语“In a sealed cave”置于句首引起的全部倒装句。 [12]本句是主从复合句。“Dating from...1002 AD”是动词­ing形式短语作状语。 [13]本句含有“so...that”结构。第一个that引导结果状语从句，这个状语从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词goods。 [14]本句是主从复合句。why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，并在从句中作原因状语。 [15]In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous㉜ as it used to be.Gradually，it faded㉝ from memory，even though it was once such a great city. This century is bringing the Silk Road to life㉞ once more through the Belt and Road Initiative㉟.Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads㊱since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo㊲ in 2017.[16]Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen㊳ mutual㊴ cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place. [15]本句是主从复合句。句中含有“as...as...”结构，第二个as引导比较状语从句。 [16]本句是主从复合句。句中Given that引导原因状语从句，从句中“to promote...Silk Road”为动词不定式短语作表语。 Now let's move on to㊵ the next cave... ◎ 欢迎来到敦煌！ 欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙漠中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受将会是怎样的。 敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业交流中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要参观其中几个著名的洞窟。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。抬起头你就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们是丝绸之路将东西方连接在一起的见证。看看这些塑像！你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁。请靠近点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看这些壁画！它们的面积有45 000平方米，非常惊人。 敦煌壁画的主题多样，从宗教故事到日常生活场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们披巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以看到飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、抛花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信和乐观。 1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一位道士成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟里，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，封存了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405至1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的景象。多亏这个古老的洞穴，我们才得以了解当时的情况：货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲各地。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果，仅举几例。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来至今仍是个谜。 明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。 21世纪，“一带一路”倡议使丝绸之路焕发生机。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。鉴于博览会的主题是促进丝绸之路沿线国家之间的文化交流，加强相互合作。敦煌是一个理想的地方。 现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$