Unit4 Section Ⅰ Starting out-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks. Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the text? The main idea of the text is Zhang Yue's experience in starting her own business． 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce Zhang Yue's presentation. B．To encourage readers to help Zhang Yue. C．To explain why Zhang Yue sweated heavily. D．To stress the difficulty Zhang Yue overcame. 2．What partly made Zhang Yue return to her home town and grow roses? A．Her parents' request. B．A deep affection for roses. C．The beautiful scenery of her home town. D．Her desire to give back to her home town. 3．What was Zhang Yue's biggest difficulty at the beginning of her business? A．Few villagers wanted to work for her. B．Her rose planting experience was limited. C．There wasn't much ideal space for growing roses. D．She didn't get enough investment in her business. 4．What can we learn from Zhang Yue's story? A．Failure teaches success. B．Education is the key to success. C．Be realistic when pursuing goals. D．Start your own business as early as possible. 答案：1～4　DDAC 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 熟词 生义 blank (Para.1) (常见义) n.空白处→(文章义)adj.无表情的，木然的 nurse (Para.6) (常见义) n.护士→(文章义)vt.培育，培养，悉心照料 welcome (Para.7) (常见义) vt.欢迎→(文章义)vt.乐意接纳，欣然接受 capital (Para.8) (常见义) n.首都→(文章义)n.资金，资本 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　As she spoke，Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking. [分析]　句中As引导时间状语从句，动词不定式短语to hide...shaking在句中作目的状语，that引导宾语从句。 [翻译]　发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。 [教材2]　She couldn't，however，hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio，but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. [分析]　句中running down her forehead作定语，修饰sweat，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰sweat，过去分词短语seated in front of her在句中作(后置)定语。 [翻译]　但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的汗水，这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的这四个人。 [教材3]　The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience. [分析]　动词不定式短语to persuade people to work for me在句中作表语，which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是前面的不定式to persuade people to work for me。 [翻译]　最初阶段，最大的挑战是说服人们为我工作，这完全是我没经历过的。 Ⅲ.学表达技巧 动作与心理描写 [教材1]As she spoke，Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking. [分析]　句中通过put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking的描写，把张悦的紧张心理状态刻画得淋漓尽致。 [仿写]　尝试用手部动作描写补全句子 他用手拍打水面，想让自己浮起来，可是越用力，他就越往下沉。 He beat the water with his hands to hold himself up, but the harder he tried, the deeper he sank. 人物描写 [教材2]　Now chairwoman of her own company，Zhang Yue is fond of saying，“The early bird catches the worm.” [分析]　句中用同位语Now chairwoman of her own company介绍了张悦目前的身份。注意该表达手法为人物描写的常用方法。 [仿写]　尝试用名词短语作同位语补全句子 他还仅仅是一个孩子时就不得不当牛做马地工作。 A mere child, he had to work like a beast of burden. 高级句式 [教材3]　What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills. [分析]　本句中What really matters是一个主语从句，这样的结构可以避免句子“头重脚轻”，也能让语言表达更加简洁、清晰，同时还有强调主语的功能。 [仿写]　尝试用what从句补全句子 我从这次难忘的经历学到了，即使是一个小小的善举也能产生巨大的影响。 What I've learned from that unforgettable experience is that even a small act of kindness can make a big difference. 点面结合的写作手法 　　“Business Blossoms”一文采用了特写式导入法，通过描写一次电视节目引出文章的主人公张悦，紧接着在第二段中，作者交代了张悦目前的工作状态，从而引起读者的阅读兴趣，然后在第三、四段说明张悦选择回到家乡以种植玫瑰花作为其创业方向的原因。 作者通过第五段首句“She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start­up bug.”将视线从张悦转移到了创业的广大青年身上，这是文章中第一次由点到面的转换，并在本段末提到了所有青年创业者在通往成功的路上都要面对很多挑战。第六段话锋一转，通过第二句“However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn.”成功将读者的关注点再次转向张悦，很自然地实现了由面到点的转换。第七段首句再次引出了创业的年轻群体，并借助张悦之口，向他们提出了建议，文章再一次由点扩大到了面。 这种“点面结合”的写作手法不仅使文章内容更加丰富，还在“点”与“面”的相互转换中加深了学生对单元主题的认知。 高频词汇练全 potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性 adj.可能的；潜在的→potentially adv.潜在地；可能地 have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事 achieve/fulfill/realise one's (full) potential 发挥某人的(全部)潜能 the potential for (doing) sth. (做)某事的可能性/潜力 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①People who do not smoke have less potential for suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke. ②He has the potential to become (become) a world­class musician. ③学校力图因材施教，并帮助每位学生充分发挥他们的全部潜能。 The school strives to treat students as individuals and to help each one to achieve/fulfill/realise their full potential． purchase v．购买 n．购买；购买的物品→purchaser n．买主；采购人员 (1)purchase sth.from sb. 从某人那购买某物 (2)make a purchase 采购 the purchase of sth. 采购某物 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I have some purchases to make (make) in the expo.Would you like to go with me? ②We haven't been able to find a purchaser (purchase) for our house yet. ③因为有特别促销活动，我妈妈在网上买了许多东西。 As there was a special promotion, my mother made many purchases on the Internet. distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销→distribute v．分配；分布；分发→distributor n．经销商 distribute sth.to... 把某物分发给…… distribute sth.among... 在……中分发/分配某物 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They will hold a meeting to discuss the distribution (distribute) of first aid supplies. ②According to the tradition，the prizes are distributed (distribute) among five winners. ③The charity distributed food to the earthquake victims. ④教授告诉那些国际学生，茶广泛分布在全国各地。 The professor told those international students that tea is widely distributed all over the country． guidance n．指导，引导→guide vt.引路；指导 n．指南；手册；向导 (1)under sb.'s guidance(＝under the guidance of sb.) 在某人的指导下 (2)guide sb.to... 引导某人到……(to为介词) 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Our instructors can provide guidance (guide) on how to use the equipment. ②It was she who guided the blind man to the gateway to the building. ③在你老师的指导下，我想你能解决这件事。 Under the guidance of your teacher，I think you can settle this matter. 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ.一词多义——根据语境选出blank的含义 A．n.空白处 B．adj.无表情的 C．adj.空白的，空的 ①Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence. A ②We could put some of the pictures on that blank wall over there. C ③She gave the officer a blank stare and shrugged her shoulders. B Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①Being able to walk to work is an added bonus of the new job.n.额外的好处 ②This program accepts input from most word processors.n.输入的信息 重点句式练透 句型公式：独立主格结构 教材原文：They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。独立主格结构的常用形式： 逻辑主语＋ 【练透】　单句语法填空/句式升级 ①The little boy leading (lead) the way，we had no trouble in finding his house. ②The task completed (complete)，we had a global travelling. ③Such an able man to help (help) you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. ④The music festival to be held by our school is full of wonderful programs.Some traditional Chinese dances and songs are included. →The music festival to be held by our school is full of wonderful programs，some traditional Chinese dances and songs included．(独立主格结构) (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1分，共10分) 1．Climbing so high made me feel dizzy (头晕目眩的) and I had to stop to have a rest. 2．The editor has an appointment with the science fiction writer to meet at the café to offer his salary and bonus (奖金). 3．One of the largest elements that inspire consumers to purchase (购买) the impractical thing is an emotional connection to these creators. 4．So far, we have managed to overcome all the obstacles (障碍) that have been placed in our path. 5．He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead (前额). 6．One should be enterprising (有进取心的)，trying to do something more than what he is doing. 7．There used to be four common life phases (阶段)：childhood，adolescence，adulthood and old age. 8．There has been a big input (投入) of resources into the project from the country. 9．Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential (潜力) without putting too much pressure on them. 10．Steve looked blank (无表情的) and said he had no idea what I was talking about. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1分，共10分) 1．The teacher advised that we (should) make (make) good use of every minute to prepare for the exam. 2．He offered guidance (guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. 3．The world distribution (distribute) of wealth and income is highly unequal. 4．Please print out all tickets purchased (purchase) and present at the front entrance of the aquarium. 5．With all this work to do，I have no time to participate in the activity that I am fond of． 6．If you try to remember everything，you will end up remembering (remember) nothing. 7．Of all the consultants (consult), only Mr Wang gave us some proposals in point. 8．Actually, Mike was quite uncertain as to whether he could get along well with his new roommate. 9．This crisis is potentially (potential) the most serious in the organization's history. 10．This paper analyses the causes of some errors in the hope of improving students' ability of English writing. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——安全使用网络的建议)(每题3分，共15分) 1．大量的互联网用户被欺骗，这已经成为人们关注的一个主要问题。 A great number of Internet users cheated, it has become a major concern for people.(独立主格结构) 2．部分原因是我们在使用公共计算机在线购物时，我们的私人信息将被记录在计算机中，从而泄露了信息。 This is partly because our private information will be recorded in the computers when we use public computers to shop online，leaking our information．(doing作状语) 3．毫无疑问我们应特别保护的是我们的私人信息。 There's no doubt that it is our private information that we should protect particularly．(强调句句式) 4．首先，我主张的是我们要使用熟悉的购物网站。 Firstly，what I want to advocate is to use the shopping websites we are familiar with.(what引导主语从句) 5．其次，我建议在注册购物网站时使用加强密码并更新防病毒软件。 Secondly，I advise that we use a strong password when registering a shopping website and update the antivirus software.(advise that) Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) Zhang Yue，chairwoman of her own company，believes in the saying，“The early bird catches the worm.” After graduating from university overseas，she returned to her home town 1.to grow (grow) roses，2.which surprised many people around.She said she wanted to experience the 3.freedom (free) of being her own boss and also wanted to give something back to her home town.She chose a valley，a world away from any television studio to grow roses.Zhang was 4.lucky (luck) enough to get investment and the all­important input and support from more 5.experienced (experience) business people.During the process，she overcame a number of obstacles in 6.nursing (nurse) her business to the success it is today.The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for her，which was 7.totally (total) outside her experience.Seeing her peers who also dream 8.of success and independence，Zhang Yue suggests to them that they should not be too ambitious and know their own 9.limits (limit)，because that can be 10.a challenge for young people who have little life experience. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题5分，共40分) A Tired of underpaid jobs and inconvenient hours，three entrepreneurial (富于企业家精神的) McLean teens decided to start their own company. Their new company，TeenServ，aims to solve teenage unemployment with a platform that matches students and community members who need short­term assistance with various tasks.Through TeenServ，residents sign up to post jobs they need done.Teens signed up to work can choose to accept a job depending on their schedules and work preferences.Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want，making it convenient for hectic schedules. A year ago，Jack Lannin，Quin Frew and Ben Jeannot worked as lifeguards at a local pool.Lannin told Tysons Reporter that they were upset when a pay change “almost cut their salary in half，” and they wanted to find another job but there were few options.Then they came up with the idea for TeenServ.“Aside from getting a real job，refereeing (担任裁判) sports or yard work，there isn't really a good way to make money，” Lannin said，adding that even becoming a referee requires a significant start­up cost for teens—around $70—to pay for training and a uniform. They started out by going door to door and asking community members if they would pay teens fair wages for short­term yard work.Soon enough，they began gathering opportunities.With help from an entrepreneurship class at McLean High School and feedback from teens，the students were able to turn their idea into a reality.So far，the website has employed more than 200 teens，according to Lannin.TeenServ pays students up to $18 per hour—well above Virginia's minimum wage of $7.25. The business is focused on mostly McLean for now，but TeenServ's owners hope to expand around Fairfax County.That involves building up a base of teen workers before allowing residents to post jobs elsewhere in the county.After all，if residents need time­specific jobs done，they can't be the ones waiting. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了三个麦克莱恩的青少年，在厌倦了低薪和上班时间不便利的工作之后，决定创办自己的公司，该公司旨在为社区的青少年提供更多的兼职和就业岗位。 1．What is TeenServ's goal? A．To increase the number of teen workers. B．To help teens decide on their future career. C．To encourage teens to start their own business. D．To connect community employers to local teens. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their new company，TeenServ，aims to...to post jobs they need done.”可知，TeenServ的目的是帮助将社区雇主与当地青少年联系起来。故选D。] 2．What does the underlined word “hectic” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Regular. B．Flexible. C．Traditional. D．Busy. D　[词义猜测题。根据前文中的“Their new company...to post jobs they need done.”同时根据本句中“Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want”可知，网站用户可以随时随地轮班，为繁忙的日程安排提供便利。D选项“busy”意为“忙碌的”，与画线单词相近，故选D。] 3．What problem did the three founders come across last year? A．They failed to find a part­time job. B．They received a significant pay cut. C．They obtained little funding for their start­up. D．They lost a game due to a referee's unfair decision. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“A year ago，Jack Lannin...when a pay change ‘almost cut their salary in half，’”可知，去年他们所遇到的问题是：薪酬将近减半。故选B。] 4．What do the three owners plan to do? A．Create more time­specific jobs. B．Raise Virginia's minimum wage. C．Grow their business outside of McLean. D．Allow McLean residents to post jobs elsewhere. C　[细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The business is focused on mostly McLean for now，but TeenServ's owners hope to expand around Fairfax County.”可知，公司业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但是他们希望扩大业务至其他地区。故选C。] B When you don't have a car and need to get around，are you more likely to call for an Uber or Lyft，or a cab? Last Friday，Lyft—the ride­sharing company，went public as its stocks (股票) started trading on the market.Lyft has become the first big initial public offering of the “gig economy” age.While the company is not making profits yet，it is changing the meaning of work.What is gig economy and what makes it so appealing? Gig works are independent contracts or part­time jobs such as Uber.In the gig economy，companies hire independent contractors instead of full­time employees.This is different from traditional companies where full­time workers hold a lifetime career.In the past，only small companies hired contractors，while today，employers like Amazon and Google rely on temporary workforce.These companies save costs as they are not legally required to provide healthcare benefits，retirement savings or paid time off to gig workers. Gig work appeals to different people for different reasons.For some，it affords flexible timings and for others who are looking for full­time jobs，it provides a source of income to support themselves.Some people work a full­time job and supplement (补充) their salary with gig jobs such as driving for Uber or Lyft. Joining the gig economy may be simple，but maintaining a steady career is easier said than done.Gig work comes with unsteady pay and workloads.You're your own boss.It sounds fun，but when you have no self­control and an unsteady job，you might splurge all your money the first week and live on bread pieces for the rest of the month! Besides a strong sense of responsibility，gig workers have to stay up to date to get companies to hire them. Despite the challenges gig workers face，nearly 60 million Americans are part of this workforce.As this number grows，we have to see how society and companies adapt to this new world of work! [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是“零工经济”，以及零工工作的优缺点。 5．What can be learned about Lyft from the passage? A．It has built up a large fortune. B．It employs a fixed number of full­time workers. C．It appeals to people as a means of public transport. D．It marks the arrival of gig economy age. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Lyft has become...it is changing the meaning of work.”可知，Lyft是“零工经济”时代的第一家首次大规模公开募股的公司，它正在改变工作的意义。由此可知，从这篇文章中我们可以得知Lyft标志着“零工经济”时代的到来。故选D项。] 6．Who are most likely to become gig workers? A．People seeking for a steady income. B．People in need of flexible working hours. C．Those desperate to get paid vacations. D．Those concerned about retirement accounts. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Gig work appeals to...it provides a source of income to support themselves.”可知，零工工作提供灵活的工作时间，结合选项内容，“需要灵活工作时间的人”最有可能成为零工经济的从业人员。故选B项。] 7．What does the underlined word “splurge” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Spend money freely. B．Save money automatically. C．Earn money quickly. D．Assign money casually. A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Gig work comes with unsteady pay and workloads.”可知，临时工的工资和工作量不稳定；根据画线词下文“live on bread pieces for the rest of the month”可知，下文在针对临时工的工资和工作量不稳定进行解释。由此可知，句中指第一周随便花钱，但接下来你就要靠面包片过活，“Spend money freely”意为“随意花钱”，能够代替画线词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。] 8．What is the message mainly conveyed in the passage? A．Gig workers have to face some potential challenges. B．Gig workers have to possess some much­needed qualities. C．The appearance of gig companies will solve the job problems. D．People should adjust to new work trends with the rise of gig companies. D　[主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，随着零工经济的发展，我们应该学会适应这个新的工作世界，由此可知，文章主要传达的信息是随着零工公司的兴起，人们应该适应新的工作趋势。故选D项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分) If you have plenty of important tasks to accomplish and can't get anything done, then you are not working efficiently.1. You just need to know the following little secrets to increasing your productivity at work. Focus on your own work.2. Don't be afraid to say no to your boss and coworkers.When you are overwhelmed (招架不住的), you might make lots of mistakes and fail to complete an important project. Organize your desk.If the place where you work is in a mess, it will be difficult for you to find important notes.3. Tidy your desk up to save time and work more efficiently. 4． Nowadays, the Internet and social networks will make you wander in work.I know it's hard to stop looking at them while at work, but you may end up wasting lots of time on social media websites instead of doing your work.Remember, you get your salary for good work, not for looking at social media.Try to avoid chatty coworkers as well. Take short breaks.When you have a lot of tasks to accomplish, you may not even think about having a rest.5. Consider taking a few short breaks throughout the day or taking a short nap to feel more energetic and refreshed.This will help you to accomplish more tasks and avoid making mistakes.Don't eat at your desk; it's better to go elsewhere to have your lunch. A．Avoid checking your e­mail constantly. B．Accomplish the more urgent tasks first. C．Avoid things that prevent your concentration. D．However, you won't be more productive if you feel tired. E．Try not to take on too many responsibilities, especially if you feel stressed. F．You will spend lots of precious time looking for them and delay your work. G．Actually, you can get more tasks done and even have some free time meanwhile. [语篇解读]本文是说明文，介绍了几种有效的方法帮助你成为一个高效工作的人。 1．G　[第一段第一句提出了工作效率低的问题，空格后说“...the following little secrets to increasing your productivity at work”那么中间肯定是一个过渡句，由此推断选G。] 2．E　[由空后提到的“Don't be afraid to say no to your boss and coworkers”可知，此处建议不要去承担太多的工作，专注于自己的工作就好。] 3．F　[本空前“it will be difficult for you to find important notes”有提示，此处意为“如果工作的地方杂乱无章，你就难以找到重要的便条，从而会浪费宝贵的时间，耽误你的工作”。] 4．C　[本空为段落的中心句，后面的内容“网络和社交网很容易让你工作时分心，你可能会浪费很多时间在社交网站上而搁置工作”围绕中心句展开，C项“避开让你分心的事物。”符合文意。] 5．D　[根据空后“Consider taking a few short breaks throughout the day...”可知，该空要表达的意思为“如果你感到累，那么效率就不会高”。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$