Unit1 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language It ①was getting dark when I got home.It was cold and I was wearing a coat.I ②walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key, but I couldn't find it.I suddenly remembered that I ③had left it on my desk in the office.It really didn't make any difference.I knew my wife was at home, so I knocked at the door.There was no answer.Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon.He said that my wife had phoned saying that she ④would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing could be done and I would be shut out of my house. 英语中的动词用不同的时态来表示不同的时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。动词的时态是通过动词的形式变化来体现的，如： 1．①是过去进行时态，表示过去的某个时间点正在发生某事； 2．②是一般过去时态，表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态； 3．③是过去完成时态，表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或由过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态； 4．④是过去将来时态，表示以过去的某一时间为参照物来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 复习时态 一、一般时态 1．一般现在时 (1)结构：主语＋动词原形/第三人称单数＋其他 (2)标志词：always，often，usually，everyday，sometimes等 (3)基本用法：1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作、现在的特征或状态、客观事实及普遍真理等； They always care for each other and help each other. 他们总是互相关心，互相帮助。 2)表示按时刻表发生的动作用一般现在时表将来； The plane takes off at 2 o'clock this afternoon. 这趟飞机今天下午两点起飞。 3)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来。 I will help mother cook the dinner after I come home. 我回家后会帮妈妈做饭。 2．一般过去时 (1)结构：主语＋动词过去式＋其他 (2)标志词：yesterday，just now，at that time，last＋night/week/year，时间段＋ago，the other day等 (3)基本用法：1)表示在特定的过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态。 The Chinese invented the compass about two thousand years ago. 2 000多年前中国人发明了指南针。 2)过去经常发生或者习惯性的动作或者状态。 When he was young，he took cold baths regularly. 他年轻时经常洗冷水澡。 3．一般将来时 (1)结构： ①主语＋will/shall do ②主语＋be going to do ③主语＋be about to do ④主语＋be to do (2)标志词：tomorrow，next＋时间，in＋时间段，soon，the following＋时间等 (3)基本用法：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 1)will/shall do[表示将要做某事(客观趋势)；临时反应要去做(说话进行中)]； The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)最终会获得成功。 2)be going to do(表示打算去做的事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事)； We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上我们将开会讨论这件事。 3)be to do(表示按计划或安排即将要做的事或按照职责、义务、规定、命令等应该做某事)； She is to be married next month. 她将在下个月结婚。 4)be about to do(表示即将要发生的动作)。 Please get everything ready.The experiment is about to start. 请做好准备。实验就要开始了。 4．过去将来时 (1)结构：①主语＋would＋do ②主语＋was/were going to do ③主语＋was/were to do ④主语＋was/were about to do (2)基本用法：表示过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或者状态。 She told us yesterday that she would not go with us if it rained. 她昨天告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去。 ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空 ①He showed no concern for his own health, and ended (end) up in hospital. ②She and her family bicycle to work, which helps (help) them keep fit. ③—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right.I will call (call) him later. ④She hoped that they would meet (meet) again someday. ⑤Between the two rows of trees stands (stand) the newly­built teaching building. ⑥We would not leave until the teacher came (come) back. ⑦Wherever he goes，he will take (take) an umbrella with him. ⑧You'll make great progress if you work (work) hard! 二、进行时 1．现在进行时 (1)结构：主语＋am/is/are＋动词­ing (2)标志词：now，at the moment，look，hear等 (3)基本用法： 1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或状态，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now. 同学们正在教室里复习功课。 2)与always，constantly，continually，forever等副词连用表示赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等感情色彩。 She is always thinking of others instead of herself. 她总是想着别人而不是她自己。 3)动词 go，come，start，leave，arrive，stay，fly等可用进行时表将来。 I'm leaving for Beijing next month. 我下个月要去北京。 2．过去进行时 (1)结构：主语＋was/were＋动词­ing (2)标志词：at this/that time＋过去时间；at...o'clock＋过去时间； from eight to ten yesterday morning；those days；just now等 (3)基本用法： 1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。 ①He was reading a book at that moment. 那时他正在读书。 ②We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点我们在看电视。 2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。 3)过去进行时表示的感情色彩与现在进行时相似，它也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与always，forever，continually等副词连用。 The boy was continually asking questions. 这个男孩老是问东问西。 3．将来进行时 (1)结构：主语＋will/shall＋be＋动词­ing＋其他 (2)基本用法：将来某个时刻正在进行的动作和状态。 I'll be doing some housework tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我将要干些家务活。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空 ①I was driving (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. ②—Hi, let's go skating. —Sorry, I'm busy right now.I am filling (fill) in an application form for a new job. ③—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I'm so sorry.I was doing (do) my homework. ④Today，many Chinese people are becoming (become) more interested in reading poems. ⑤He will be negotiating (negotiate) with the other company at this time next Tuesday. 三、完成时 1．现在完成时 (1)结构：主语＋have/has＋done (2)标志词：for＋时间，since，during/in/over the last/past few years/months/weeks，in recent years，so far，up to now，by now等 (3)基本用法： 1)表示动作发生在过去某个时间，到现在已经完成，却对现在留下影响或结果。 Up to now，the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died. 到目前为止，这个项目挽救了成千上万名本来会死去的儿童。 2)表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。 We used to see each other regularly，but I haven't heard from him since last year. 我们过去经常见面，但自从去年以来我就没有他的消息了。 3)在“It/This is the first/second...last time＋从句”与“It/This is the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”这两个句型中，从句中的谓语要用现在完成时。 ①This is the first time that Jack has won first prize in the competition. 这是杰克第一次在比赛中获得第一名。 ②This is the most interesting film that he has made. 这是他拍的最有趣的电影。 4)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可代替将来完成时。 I shall (will) post the letter as soon as I have written it. 我一写完信就把它寄出去。 2．过去完成时 (1)结构：主语＋had＋done (2)标志词： by＋表过去的时间，by the end of last month，by the time(从句为一般过去时)等 (3)基本用法： 1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前就完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已经停了。 2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等＋动词不定式或用上述动词的过去式接动词不定式的完成式，即hoped/planned...＋to have done。 We had planned to finish the work before dark，but we were held up by a heavy rain. 我们原计划天黑前完成工作，但被一场大雨耽搁了。 3)过去完成时用于某些固定句型中，如It was the first/second/third...time that sb.had done...；Hardly/Scarcely...when...；No sooner...than...等。 ①It was the first time that I had left home. 那是我第一次离开家。 ②Hardly had we reached the foot of the mountain when it began to rain. 我们刚走到山脚下，天就开始下雨了。 3．将来完成时 (1)结构：shall/will＋have＋过去分词 (2)标志词：by＋表将来的时间，by the end of next month，by the time(从句为一般现在时)等 (3)基本用法：表示某一动作到将来某个时间前已经完成。 We shall have finished the project by the end of this year. 我们将在今年年底完成这项工程。 4．现在完成进行时 (1)结构：主语＋have/has＋been＋动词­ing (2)基本用法： 1)表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和for, since引导的时间状语连用。 I have been studying in Canada for 4 years. 我已经在加拿大学习4年了。 2)表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。 They have been discussing the matter several times this year. 他们今年已经数次讨论那件事了。 ————即学即练3———— 单句语法填空 ①I have been wearing (wear) glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them.They make me look like a bookworm. ②Furthermore, the amount of sleep has changed (change) greatly over the past 15 years. ③I had hoped (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. ④Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn't enter the house, for he had left (leave) his key at school. ⑤It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended (attend) since I came to this school. ⑥By next Monday, she will have studied (study) here for three years. admission n．允许进入(加入)；录取；承认；入场费→admit v．容许；承认；允许……进入；接纳 (1)gain/obtain admission to... 获准进入/加入…… (2)be admitted into/to 被录取；被接收 admit doing sth./having done sth. 承认做过某事 admit that... 承认…… admit sb./sth.as/to be＋adj./n. 承认某人/某物/某事为…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She was happy to gain admission (admit) to the university of her choice. ②She said sorry to me and admitted taking/having taken (take) my umbrella by mistake. ③All the staff in the company admit him to be (be) the perfect one for the job. ④即将到来的汉语演讲比赛被认为是外国人提高汉语口语的好机会。(2020·浙江1月卷应用文) The upcoming Chinese speech contest is admitted to be a good chance for foreigners to improve their oral Chinese. make up one's mind 做出决定，拿定主意 make up one's mind to do sth. 决定做某事 change one's mind 改变主意 bear/keep...in mind(bear/keep in mind that...) 将……记在心中 fix one's mind on/upon... 全神贯注于…… 【练透】　完成句子 ①首先要记住，你最好按时或者比约定的时间早一些到。 First of all，bear/keep in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time. ②一旦他下定决心，什么都不能让他改变心意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情直到实现目标。 Once he has made up his mind，nothing can change his mind．He will fix his mind on/upon what he is doing until he achieves his goal. pass up 放过，放弃，错过(机会) pass away 去世 pass by 经过(……旁边)；通过 pass down 使世代相传；流传 【练透】　用pass的相关短语填空 ①I don' t think you should pass up the opportunity to go to university. ②He was born in 1921 and passed away peacefully at the age of 90 in 2011. ③I noticed the girl was crying when I passed by just now. ④The tradition has been passed down for hundreds of years. put off 推迟……，使……延期 put...away 把……收拾好；储存 put through 接通(电话) put up 修建；举起；抬起；张贴；(为……)提供食宿 put up with 忍受；容忍 put forward 提出，提议；推荐；将……提前 【练透】　用put的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①Commercial advertisement is one of the things we have to put up with when watching TV. ②Now the electric fan is not in use.Let's put it away． ③Before we carried out the plan, various ideas had been put forward by my classmates. ④我很遗憾通知你运动会推迟到下周四了。 I regret to inform you that the sports meet has been put off until next Thursday． weigh up 仔细考虑，权衡→weigh v．有……重；认真考虑；斟酌；有影响→weight n．重量；体重 (1)weigh down 压弯，压倒；使某人感到沉重 (2)lose weight 减肥 put on/gain weight 增加体重 by weight 按重量 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I'm trying to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of working from home. ②As we all know，this kind of refreshments is sold by weight. ③我提醒你不要摄入太多的脂肪。否则不久你就会长胖了。(建议信) I remind you not to take in too much fat.Otherwise you will put on weight before long. (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子(每题2分，共10分) 1．It's important to weigh up (仔细考虑) your past experiences, learn from them and make better choices in the future. 2．When he became aware of the financial risks involved, he began to have second thoughts (产生怀疑) about starting his own business. 3．When it comes to investing in a business, you should thoroughly research the market and evaluate your options before making up your mind (做出决定). 4．Don't put off (推迟) attending the lectures on employment for university students, as they can provide valuable insights into career opportunities. 5．When you encounter new voices, take the time to consider them and don't reject them out of hand (彻底否决它们), as they may hold valuable lessons. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．When the pumps broke down, they would repair (repair) them for us. 2．The plane had already been away for quite some time when we arrived (arrive) at the airport. 3．The flight to Hong Kong takes (take) off at 10 tomorrow morning. 4．My brother fell while he was riding (ride) his bicycle yesterday. 5．Tom looks tired because he has been cleaning (clean) the house since 9 am. 6．Robert will be cooking (cook) dinner at this time tomorrow. 7．This is the first time that I have been (be) away from my family for such a long time. 8．I have taught (teach) some foreigners Mandarin, which makes me have much experience in teaching. 9．Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not an easy task because technology is changing (change) so rapidly. 10．I just graduated from West Coast University.I had received (receive) job skill training just before that，but I had never worked. Ⅲ.选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文(每题1分，共10分) When the nightmare that transformed her life began, Joanne Cacciatore 1.was lying (is lying/was lying) in a hospital bed, excited to catch her first glimpse of her newborn baby girl.But in seconds her joy disappeared.“She 2.died (died/was dying) at birth，” recalls Cacciatore sadly.She 3.had sought (has sought/had sought) help from counsellors (顾问), but finding that it didn't relieve her suffering, so she decided to help grieving people like herself. In 2016, she 4.opened (opened/opens) an innovative sanctuary (庇护所)—known as the Selah Carefarm.It is still running well now.Through a combination of grief counselling and activities like gardening, yoga and time spent with the dozens of rescued animals at the farm, Cacciatore says, the goal 5.isn't (isn't/wasn't) to make her feel better but to help others feel better. The idea behind Cacciatore's Selah Carefarm took shape when she 6.rescued (rescued/has rescued) a starving horse during a hike and brought him back to her property.Not long afterwards, one of her counselling clients, a woman who 7.had lost (was losing/had lost) her child in an accident, asked if she could sit with the horse. “I left her alone with the horse, Chemakoh, and went back to my office.A few minutes later I heard her sobbing (抽泣), which is something she never did with me，” says Cacciatore.“My first thought was that Chemakoh is a much better counsellor than me and he 8.would accompany (accompanies/would accompany) my client that afternoon.” Since Cacciatore included additional rescued animals into her counselling work, she 9.has been helping (helps/has been helping) people whose lives have been affected by the loss of a loved one.“When these grievers 10.are crying (are crying/were crying)，” she says, “the animals just come up, sit beside them and put their heads on their laps.” Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题5分，共20分) (2024·青岛二中高二下期末)We put limitations on ourselves when the fear of failure grows stronger than our will to succeed.That's why we all need a push to help us reach further than we ever thought possible. That is the purpose of NubAbility Athletics Foundation, a nonprofit organization aimed to get “limb (肢体) different” youth—kids who are amputees (被截肢者)—“out of the stands, off the bench, and into mainstream sports.” The organization holds camps around the country, pairing kids and coaches with similar limb differences to help them reach their full physical potential. Tim, who was born without arms, certainly didn't believe he could pull off a 20­inch box jump before he joined.This month, the 14­year­old participated in the weight­lifting and training program at a camp and achieved something amazing. In a video on the Internet, we see Tim's coach teaching him to jump onto a box.With no arm strength, it seems like a tough task.While Tim pushes through his self­doubt and jumps, he still holds back on his first two tries and doesn't stick the landing. Then, the coach pats her hands onto the box, yelling, “All the people who told you you can't—right here, jump on them.Now！” This time, Tim puts all his energy into the jump.Still, it isn't enough to make it all the way onto the box.Understandably, Tim grows frustrated and turns away as if to give up.But he's not done yet.Tim turns back to the box with a look of pure determination, bends his knees...and launches himself onto the box! As his coaches cheer him on, the victorious teen jumps down and straights into his motivator's arms, overwhelmed with emotion at what he just achieved.That day, Tim learned he is capable of so much more than he knew. Tim is living proof that we can all achieve greatness, no matter our limitations.All we have to do is keep trying.Never give up, and never let the word “can't” hold you back! [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残疾少年 Tim在一个非营利组织的帮助下战胜恐惧、突破自我设限的故事。 1．What is the mission of NubAbility Athletics Foundation? A．To pick out excellent young sportsmen. B．To develop the full potential of the disabled. C．To hold camps for the amputees in the world. D．To encourage teenage amputees to get involved in sports. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段首句“That is the purpose of NubAbility Athletics Foundation...”可知，NubAbility是一个非营利性组织，旨在让“肢体不同”的青少年——截肢的孩子——“走出看台，离开替补席，进入主流体育”。让肢体有缺陷的年轻人参与运动。故选D。] 2．What might Tim initially look like in the video? A．He lacked confidence. B．He was full of energy. C．He was very excited. D．He was shy and ashamed. A　[细节理解题。根据第四段“In a video on the Internet, we see Tim's coach teaching him...doesn't stick the landing.”可知， Tim的教练教他跳上一个盒子。由于没有手臂力量，这似乎是一项艰巨的任务。虽然视频中的Tim克服了自我怀疑，准备开始起跳，但他在前两次尝试中仍然退缩，没有成功着地。据此可判断，最初Tim是有过自我怀疑的，也就是没有信心做到教练要求去做的事情。故选A。] 3．Which word can best describe the coach's words? A．Scary. B．Funny. C．Encouraging. D．Threatening. C　[推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Then, the coach pats her hands onto the box, yelling, ‘All the people who told you you can't—right here, jump on them.Now！’”可知， 教练让Tim把箱子看作是那些认为他跳不上去的人，鼓励他向上跳，由此推断，教练的话是很激励人的。故选C。] 4．What message can we get from Tim's success? A．Life has no limitations. B．It is never too late to learn. C．A good beginning is half done. D．It is no use crying over spilled milk. A　[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“Tim is living proof that we can all achieve greatness...”可知，文章讲述了残疾少年Tim在教练的鼓励下战胜恐惧、战胜自我的故事。由此推断，通过这次经历我们可以认识到人生无设限，没有什么是不可能的。故选A。] Ⅱ.完形填空(每题2分，共30分) (2024·山东省实验中学高二下期末)Katherine would never forget the day when her daughter brought a plate from kindergarten, with a drawing of mouse­like creatures on it. “Emma, what are these little characters? What do you 1 them？” Katherine said.“Mom, they're my 2 ．They come to children who are lonely or who were meant to have a 3 life，” Emma said.It 4 the unemployed 36­year­old mom's heart during a time when she wasn't feeling too good about her job 5 ． All this eventually 6 a new project for Katherine, unemployed for months—making a line of stuffed animals for sale based on her daughter's 7 ．“Every day, I would work on it，” she said.“Over time, it felt like this is what I really 8 ．” In her basement, Katherine cut patterns, wrote storylines and 9 prototypes (原型样品) to turn “The Partners” into dolls. Today she has four 10 doll prototypes and specific storylines to go with each main character.She hopes to 11 the dolls to parents going through hard times, or may be those preparing to work overseas, leaving their 12 behind with relatives. She said even if the dolls don't 13 ， she's taught her daughter 14 to keep moving even in down times.It's really a 15 for those unemployed right now, she said. [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了失业的Katherine把女儿画作中的动物制作成玩偶，并为每个角色写了故事情节，希望将这些玩偶推销给那些正在经历困难的父母，或者那些准备离开孩子出国工作的父母。 1． A．feed B．call C．bring D．leave B　[根据前文“what are these little characters？”可知，Katherine不知道它们叫什么。call称呼，把……叫作。] 2． A．guides B．classmates C．supporters D．partners D　[根据后文“In her basement, Katherine cut patterns, wrote storylines and 9 prototypes (原型样品) to turn ‘The Partners’ into dolls (玩偶).”可知，Emma说这些小角色是她的伙伴(partners)。] 3． A．fairer B．tougher C．better D．longer C　[根据语境和前文“They come to children who are lonely or who were meant to have”和后文life可知，这些小角色来找那些本应该过上更好(better)生活但却过得不好的孩子。] 4． A．won B．touched C．broke D．filled B　[根据前文后文“the unemployed 36­year­old mom's heart during a time when she wasn't feeling too good about her job 5 ”可知，这句话触动(touched)了这位失业妈妈的心。] 5． A．duties B．reports C．prospects D．descriptions C　[根据前文“the unemployed 36­year­old mom's heart during a time when she wasn't feeling too good about her job”可知，作为一位36岁的失业妈妈，当时Katherine对自己的工作前景(prospects)不太乐观。] 6． A．led to B．applied to C．referred to D．belonged to A　[根据后文“a new project for Katherine”可知，这一切最终让Katherine有了一个新项目——根据女儿的画制作一系列填充动物玩偶出售。led to导致。] 7． A．toys B．feelings C．drawings D．memories C　[根据首句“Katherine would never forget the day when her daughter brought a plate from kindergarten, with a drawing of mouse­like creatures on it.”可知，Katherine的创作灵感来自女儿的画作，所以出售的玩偶也是基于女儿的画作(drawings)制作的。] 8． A．wanted B．imagined C．learned D．promised A　[根据后文“In her basement, Katherine cut patterns, wrote storylines and 9 prototypes (原型样品) to turn ‘The Partners’ into dolls (玩偶).”可知，这才是Katherine真正想要(wanted)的，认为这个项目很有意义。] 9． A．sewed B．tested C．copied D．labeled A　[根据常识及前文“Katherine cut patterns”和后文“prototypes (原型样品) to turn ‘The Partners’ into dolls (玩偶)”可知，Katherine裁剪图案，缝制(sewed)原型样品。] 10．A．marked B．printed C．advertised D．completed D　[根据语境和后文“doll prototypes and specific storylines to go with each main character”可知，Katherine有四个完成的(completed)玩偶原型，每个主角都有特定的故事情节。] 11．A．return B．lend C．expose D．market D　[根据第三段中“making a line of stuffed animals for sale based on her daughter's 7 ”和后文“the dolls to parents going through hard times, or may be those preparing to work overseas”可知，Katherine希望把这些玩偶推销(market)给那些正在经历困难时期的父母，或者那些准备出国工作而把孩子留给亲戚的父母。] 12．A．kids B．jobs C．parents D．stories A　[根据常识和前文“or may be those preparing to work overseas”可知，这里指那些准备出国工作而把孩子(kids)留给亲戚的父母。] 13．A．turn out B．take off C．break in D．catch up B　[根据前文“She hopes to 11 the dolls to parents going through hard times”和后文“she's taught her daughter 14 to keep moving even in down times”可知，即使玩偶销售不成功，Katherine也教会女儿即使在低迷时期也要坚持努力。take off取得成功。] 14．A．in detail B．on purpose C．at random D．by example D　[根据第三段中“In her basement, Katherine cut patterns, wrote storylines and 9 prototypes (原型样品) to turn ‘The Partners’ into dolls.”和后文“keep moving even in down times”可知，Katherine以身作则地教女儿一些道理。by example以身作则。] 15．A．tradition B．lesson C．wonder D．dream B　[根据前文“She said even if the dolls don't 13 ， she's taught her daughter 14 to keep moving even in down times.”等内容可知，Katherine认为，她做的这些对于现在的失业者来说是一个经验教训(lesson)。] Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) (2024·芜湖高二下期末)Before the lecture on ancient Chinese architecture, Li Wei, an expert in “dougong”，which translates as “interlocking wooden brackets (斗拱)” and refers to architectural elements used in traditional Chinese 1. (building), examined the complex designs, which showcase the precision and craftsmanship (手工艺) of ancient builders. Wearing 2. traditional robe and a pointed hat, Li Wei appeared as a knowledgeable historian, ready 3. (share) insights into the architectural miracles. The lecture 4. (focus) on the Forbidden City, which is one of the most symbolic examples of ancient Chinese architecture, 5. (date) back to the Ming Dynasty. “Typically, I discuss architecture 6. (build) during the Ming and Qing dynasties, but for this special session, I will explore the early architectural influences that paved the way for these grand structures，” said Li Wei, who 7. (research) ancient Chinese architecture for more than a decade. Li Wei's passion for preserving the ancient buildings of historical significance aligns with the mission of the National Heritage Foundation, 8. is dedicated to the protection and promotion of China's rich architectural legacy (遗产). The foundation works tirelessly to ensure that these architectural treasures, 9. an integral part of China's cultural heritage, 10. (preserve) for future generations. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道的是“斗拱”专家李伟的关于对中国古代建筑的见解的讲座。 1．buildings　[考查名词复数。句意：“斗拱”被翻译为“连锁木支架”，指的是中国传统建筑中的建筑元素。在中国古代建筑讲座开讲之前，“斗拱”专家李伟考察了这些复杂的设计，这些设计展示了古代建筑者的精工细作。此空为名词作介词in的宾语，building为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填buildings。] 2．a　[考查冠词。句意：李伟身穿传统长袍，头戴尖顶帽子，以一位知识渊博的历史学家的形象出现，准备分享对建筑奇迹的见解。robe为可数名词单数，泛指“一件”传统长袍，故填a。] 3．to share　[考查非谓语动词。根据be ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事”可知，此处使用动词不定式形式，结合句意，此处表示主动关系。故填to share。] 4．focused　[考查时态。句意：讲座的重点是紫禁城，这是中国古代建筑最具象征意义的例子之一，可以追溯到明朝。此空为谓语动词，根据第一段中examined使用的是过去时可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。故填focused。] 5．dating　[考查非谓语动词。此空为非谓语动词作定语，动词短语date back to无被动，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填dating。] 6．built　[考查非谓语动词。句意：研究中国古代建筑十多年的李伟说：“通常情况下，我讨论的是明清时期的建筑，但在这次特别会议上，我将探讨为这些宏伟建筑铺平道路的早期建筑的影响。”此空为非谓语动词作定语，build与逻辑主语architecture之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填built。] 7．has been researching/has researched　[考查时态。此空为非限制性定语从句谓语动词，结合句意和时间状语for more than a decade可知，此处可理解为research发生在过去，一直持续到现在，所以此处使用现在完成进行时；也可以理解为发生在过去对现在造成的影响，由此可知，此处也可以使用现在完成时。故填has been researching/has researched。] 8．which　[考查定语从句。句意：李伟对保护具有历史意义的古建筑的热情与国家遗产基金会的使命一致，该基金会致力于保护和推广中国丰富的建筑遗产。此空为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词指的是物。故填which。] 9．as　[考查介词。句意：该基金会孜孜不倦地投入工作，以确保这些建筑瑰宝作为中国文化遗产的组成部分为子孙后代保存下来。此空位于名词短语之前，结合句意，此处表示“作为”文化遗产的组成部分，所以此处使用介词as。故填as。] 10．are preserved　[考查时态、语态。此空为that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，结合句意以及主句的谓语动词works可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，preserve与从句主语these architectural treasures之间为被动关系。故填are preserved。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$