Unit5 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 5 Into the unknown 主题语境：人与自然——探索未知 Section Ⅱ　 Using language 目录/CONTENTS 突破——语法精讲 专项提能 01 02 探究——要点直击 核心突破 闯关——达标检测 夯基固本 03 突破——语法精讲 专项提能 It is believed that the movie is not only very interesting but also meaningful. What attracts tourists most is the spectacular view of sunrise on the top of the  mountain. I'm glad to learn that your gallery will hold a Chinese painting exhibition. That is why I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best  universities in China. From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that  you must have self­confidence if you want to achieve your goal. 探 究——要点直击 核心突破 调查，检查；结账；(从图书馆等)借出 check out 1 积极投入到……中去 throw oneself into 2 v．退缩，畏缩；缩小，缩水 shrink (shrank，shrunk) 3 调查(问题)；向……里看 look into 4 课下巩固训练（十四） 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 This is why I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday. It is clear/obvious that online learning has its advantages and disadvantages. What puzzles Lily's friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas. 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 that there is usually a difference between one's  dream and reality 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 根据语境,用适当的从属连词填空 语法与写作 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 选词填空 同位语 宾语 The basketball match was about to begin, but the problem was ①that Li Hong didn't turn up.It's known ②that he was a leading part of our team.Without him, it's difficult for us to win the game.That's ③why we were worried.Later, when we heard the news ④that he would arrive in five minutes, we were all very happy.When he arrived, he told us ⑤that he was stuck in a traffic jam. 1．加黑部分①that引导 从句，起连接作用； 2．加黑部分②that引导 从句，It作形式主语； 3．加黑部分③why引导 从句，在从句中作原因状语； 4．加黑部分④that引导 从句，解释说明the news的具体内容； 5．加黑部分⑤that引导 从句，作told的直接宾语，起连接作用。 表语 主语 表语 复习名词性从句 一、名词性从句的概述 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 二、引导名词性从句的从属连词 ·连接词：that，whether，if ·连接代词：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever ·连接副词：how, why, when, where 1．连接词that的用法 that引导名词性从句，不作任何成分，没有任何意义，只起连接作用。 ①My idea is that this plan should be carried out immediately.(that引导表语从句，从句不缺成分、语义完整) 我的想法是立即执行该计划。 ②He gave us a suggestion that we (should) practise speaking English in class.(that引导同位语从句，从句不缺成分、语义完整) 他建议我们在课堂上练习说英语。 【点拨】　(1)that引导的主语从句中多用it作形式主语；但在正式文体中，也可将从句放于句首。 (2)that引导及物动词后的宾语从句时，可以省略。 You will understand (that) my point of view is different. 你会明白我的观点是不同的。 2．连接词whether与if的用法 whether和if引导名词性从句，在从句中不充当句子成分，含有“是否”之意。当it作形式主语时，其后的主语从句用whether或if引导均可(一般用whether引导)；及物动词后面的宾语从句用whether或if引导均可。其他情况只用whether，不用if。 ①Tim didn't know whether/if he could pass the exam.(及物动词后的宾语从句) 蒂姆不知道他能否通过考试。 ②It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(it作形式主语,主语从句放于句末) 他是否要来这儿还尚不清楚。 ③Whether the meeting will be held is still unknown.(主语从句放于句首，用whether不用if) 是否要举行这场会议尚未可知。 ④It depends on whether you can do the work well.(作介词宾语时用whether，不用if) 那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。 【点拨】　whether 引导名词性从句时，可单独使用，也可与or、or not或or no连用。if不能与or、or not或or no连用。 Whether or not she did it, I can't tell.(whether or not 意为“无论如何，不管”，不可说if or not) 我无法判断她是否做了这件事。 3．连接代词引导的名词性从句 从句中缺少主语、宾语或定语时，选择连接代词what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever)或whose。 ①What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语) 她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。 ②The managers often give jobs to whoever they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty.(whoever引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语) 经理们经常会把工作分配给那些他们认为有工作经验并且有强烈责任感的人。 ③Whichever book he bought would be paid for.(whichever引导主语从句，在从句中作定语) 无论他买哪一本书，都要付款。 4．连接副词引导的名词性从句 从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少状语成分，此时则用when, where, why, how等连接副词引导。 ①The problem is where we should stay.(where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语) 问题是我们应该待在哪里。 ②I wonder why this machine didn't work.(why引导宾语从句，在从句中作原因状语) 我想知道为什么这台机器不运转。 ③When the English evening party will be held hasn't yet been announced.(when引导主语从句，在从句中作时间状语) 英语晚会将在什么时候举行还没有宣布。 【点拨】　单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词则用复数形式。 ①What we are doing today was not possible in the old days. 我们今天所做的事在过去不可能做到。 ②When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 这个人什么时候被谋杀以及为什么被谋杀，现在还不清楚。 What how why whether ————即学即练1———— 用恰当的从属连词填空 ①The fact he hadn't said anything at the meeting surprised us. ②I often wonder animals have the same senses as human beings. ③ will win the match is still unknown. ④ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out­of­this­world scenes. ⑤She always thinks of she can work well. ⑥It is very simple and that may be it spreads so quickly. ⑦It is not a problem we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. that if/whether Who 三、名词性从句的疑难点 1．that不可省略的情况 (1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时，that不可省略。 That price will go up is certain. 物价肯定是要上涨的。 (2)that引导表语从句或同位语从句时，一般不可省略。 ①But the truth is that homelessness is everywhere. 但事实上无家可归的人到处都是。 ②Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases. 现代科学已经给出了确凿的证据——吸烟能诱发很多疾病。 (3)当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that通常不能省略。 They share little in common except that they are from the same country. 除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。 (4)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，其他的that不可省略。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children liked to read it. 他说那本书很有趣，所有的孩子都喜欢读。 (5)当it作形式宾语时，在that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。 You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 你可以放心，我会永远帮助你的。 (6)that引导宾语从句时，如果从句中还有其他状语从句，that不可省略。 Tell him that if he is at home, I will visit him. 告诉他，如果他在家，我会去看望他。 2．wh­ever和no matter wh­的区别 wh­ever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter wh­只能引导让步状语从句。 ①I will give this dictionary to whoever wins the first prize in the English contest.(whoever引导宾语从句) 我将把这本字典赠给在英语竞赛中获得一等奖的人。 ②Whoever/No matter who wins the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him/her.(whoever/No matter who引导让步状语从句) 不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖，我都会把这本字典赠给他/她。 3．虚拟语气的使用 表示“要求、建议、命令、坚持”的词(如demand, require, advice, suggest, propose, order, insist等)后跟名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。此时宾语从句中的that不能省略。 ①The boss ordered that the task (should) be completed by noon.(宾语从句) 老板命令(我们)在中午之前完成任务。 ②The doctor's advice is that I (should) rest more and drink more.(表语从句) 医生建议我多休息、多喝水。 ③It was proposed that this matter (should) be discussed at the next meeting.(主语从句) 有人提议在下次会议上讨论这个问题。 4．宾语从句的时态 (1)主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。 ①He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday. 他说他从周一至周五都在学校学习。 ②I know that she didn't tell you that she would go to America next month. 我知道她没有告诉你她下个月要去美国。 (2)主句的谓语动词如果是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词通常用相应的过去时。 ①The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon. 那个男孩说周日下午没有课。 ②My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in. 我的语文老师问我他进来时我是否在读《红与黑》这本书。 (3)如果从句表示客观事实或真理，无论主句的谓语动词是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时。 As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own.I didn't believe it. 小时候，有人告诉我月亮自身不会发光，我不相信。 5．as if、as though和because引导的表语从句 (1)as if, as though意为“像……似的；仿佛……”，引导表语从句时，主句中的系动词可用be, look, feel, seem, smell, taste等。从句中的谓语动词多用陈述语气，有时用虚拟语气。 It looked as if you had got no experience. 看起来你似乎并没有经验。 (2)because意义为“因为，由于”，引导表语从句时，主句中系动词主要用be。 That's because he didn't work hard enough. 那是因为他不够努力工作。 【点拨】　because引导表语从句时，主句主语不能是reason或cause；since和as不能引导表语从句。 ————即学即练2———— 翻译句子 ①人们相信这部电影不仅趣味无穷，而且很意义深远。 (主语从句) ②最吸引游客的是山顶上壮丽的日出景色。 (主语从句) ③我很高兴得知贵画廊将举办中国画展。 (宾语从句) ④这就是我建议你申请北京大学的原因，它是中国最好的大学之一。 (表语从句) ⑤通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论：如果你想实现目标，就一定要自信。 (同位语从句) (1)check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记，报到 check up on 检查；督促；核实；查证 (2)check n.支票；审查，检查 pay by check 用支票付款 make/have a check (of) 检查 checked in 【练透】　语境辨义/完成句子 ①The library allows you to check out six books at a time. ②The accountant checked out the bills and found them OK. ③We loaded the car while Dad checked out at the desk. ④布莱恩在办理登机手续前需要见一个叫托尼的朋友。 Brain needed to meet a friend named Tony before he for his flight. (从图书馆等)借出 检查，核对 结账 out throw yourself into the job throw away 抛弃，放弃 throw out 扔掉，丢掉；脱口而出 throw up 呕吐 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①People are recycling many things that they would have thrown in the past. ②He didn't think words he threw would hurt others. ③如果你全身心地投入到这项工作中，今晚你就能完成它。 If you , you'll finish it by this evening. away from shrank with cold shrink from (因害怕等)避开；避免做，不愿做 shrink with 因……收缩 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In a sense the Internet (shrink) the world where we are living. ②A brave fighter never shrinks danger in doing a difficult task. ③那个在街上卖火柴的小女孩冻得瑟瑟发抖。 The girl selling matches in the street ． has shrunk look back (on) 回忆，回顾 look around 环视 look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起 look forward to 盼望，期望 look up 查阅；抬头看 look up to 尊敬，敬仰 looked back on will look into and solve the mystery one day 【练透】　用look相关的短语填空/完成句子 ①After the flight arrived, Sarah Thomas saw a man curiously. ②You're a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of the younger ones you. ③Terry, please from your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you. ④As I saw the old photo, I always the scene where we had met. ⑤我们希望有一天科学家们能调查并解开这个谜团，给我们一个令人信服的解释。 We hope that scientists and give us a convincing explanation. looking around look up to look up Ⅰ.选词填空(每题1.5分，共15分) make a getaway, run for one's life, check out, steer clear of, set out, throw oneself into, think twice, shrink from, look into, test the waters 1．Sometimes people get curious and want to ． 2．Filled with excitement, we for a journey to Dali last week. 3．The committee was set up to the cause of the accident. 4．I'd before taking out such a large loan. 5．They did not doing what was right. 6．Maybe we ought to go down to the library and it ． test the waters set out look into think twice shrink from check out ran for her life 7．She is so excited about her new hobby and it. 8．When you talk with an unfamiliar woman, you'd better age. 9．The gunman attempted to on a stolen motorbike but failed. 10．With pieces of burning bricks falling all around her, she ． has thrown herself into steer clear of make a getaway What that who How that Ⅱ.根据语境，用适当的从属连词填空。(每题1.5分，共15分) There was an accident on the corner of the Roman Street this morning.No witness saw 1. on earth happened then.A car crashed into a truck but luckily no one got injured.2. will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police are uncertain about 3. led to the accident.The truck driver looked as if he was guilty.He was too nervous to say a word.4. the police would do is figure out the truth as soon as possible.They said 5. it was difficult for them to judge 6. exactly should be to blame.7. this happened was still not clear.It was certain 8. the car driver was too tired to stop the car immediately.The car driver didn't admit the fact 9. he was driving over the speed limit at the turning.The police doubted 10. what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. that whether/if what Who what Ⅲ.语法与写作(每题4分，共20分) 1．(2023·全国乙卷)这就是为什么我在五一假期学会了做饭。 2．(2021·全国乙卷)显然，线上学习既有优点也有缺点。 3．(2021·天津3月卷)令莉莉的朋友们困惑的是，为什么她总是有如此多疯狂的想法。 I would appreciate it if you could come and guide us. 4．如果你能来指导我们，我将感激不尽。 5．我认为这幅图是在告诉我们一个人的梦想和现实之间通常是有区别的。 I think the picture is telling us ． Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题5分，共20分) Flowering plants, or angiosperms (被子植物), make up about 90% of all living plant species, including most food crops.In the distant past, they developed quicker than plants such as conifers and ferns, but how they did this has been a mystery.New research suggests that it is due to genome (基因组) size. Hundreds of millions of years ago, the Earth was controlled by ferns and conifers.Then, about 150 million years ago, the first flowering plants appeared on the scene.They quickly spread to all parts of the world, changing the landscape from green to a variety of colours. Why angiosperms are around the Earth has been debated for centuries.Charles Darwin himself called it a “mystery”， fearing this apparent sudden leap might challenge his theory of evolution. Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California, US and other researchers wondered if the size of the plant's genetic material—or genome—might be important.They analyzed data held by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on the genome size of hundreds of plants, including flowering plants, gymnosperms (裸子植物) (a group of plants, which include conifers and ferns).They then compared their genome size. This provides “strong evidence” that the rapid spread of flowering plants around the world is due to “genome downsizing”．By limiting the size of the genome, which is contained within the nucleus (细胞核) of the cell, plants can build smaller cells.In turn, this allows plants to absorb more carbon dioxide from photosynthesis—the process by which plants use light energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen. The researchers said genome­downsizing happened only in the angiosperms, and this was “a necessary condition for rapid growth rates among land plants”． “We finally know why they have been so successful，” the scientists think they have the answer to a puzzle that confused even Charles Darwin. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。被子植物在一亿五千万年前才开始在地球上出现，但它们在很短的时间内就迅速蔓延到世界各个角落，成为了地球上占绝对优势地位的植物。被子植物成功繁殖的原因一直困扰着科学家们。现在他们终于解开了这个谜团：基因组变小是被子植物成功的关键。 1．What do we know about angiosperms? A．They are widespread now. B．They include conifers and ferns. C．They will face extinction in the future. D．They controlled the world 150 million years ago. A　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“Flowering plants, or angiosperms, make up about 90% of all living plant species, including most food crops”以及第二段的“They quickly spread to all parts of the world, changing the landscape from green to a variety of colours”可知，被子植物分布很广，在地球上占绝对优势地位。] √ 2．What have scientists argued over for centuries? A．The origins of the first flowering plants. B．The reasons for the success of angiosperms. C．The features of the flowering plants on the Earth. D．The conditions for rapid growth rates of angiosperms. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Why angiosperms are around the Earth has been debated for centuries”可知，几个世纪以来人们争议的焦点是被子植物是如何成功繁殖的。] √ 3．Which of the following contributed to the rapid spread of angiosperms? A．The weaker conifer. B．The larger nucleus. C．The smaller genome. D．The stronger cell. C　[细节理解题。根据第五段“This provides ‘strong evidence’ that the rapid spread of flowering plants around the world is due to ‘genome downsizing’”可知，被子植物能在地球上占优势的原因是它们的基因组变小了。] √ 4．What is the text mainly about? A．“Genome downsizing” puzzled Darwin. B．Darwin found the secret about flowering plants. C．Angiosperms challenged Darwin's theory of evolution. D．Photosynthesis is advanced due to “genome downsizing”． D　[主旨大意题。全文逐层阐释，终得结论为，由于基因组的缩小，植物可以制造更多的细胞，这样能从光合作用中吸收更多的二氧化碳，这才是被子植物快速繁殖的关键所在。] √ Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分，共15分) (2024·苏州八校高二下联考)Every day, a few minutes before 4 p．m., Jake, my cute dog, used to stare at me, pushing me to get his dinner.Now Jake is 1 ，and the disappearance of the comforting pace he brought to my days is like a 2 of my loss.Though friends 3 me by telling me I saved him, I know clearly that when I met him at an adoption event, he had already been saved, just not settled. The real story is that Jake saved me.Before Jake, I was separated from the world.I 4 into myself.Then I started 5 this lovely creature around.Jake never 6 ．He smelled everything while walking.If I tried to move him along, he'd 7 his feet in protest.Once I let go of the idea that our walks were about getting somewhere, my internal ticking 8 ．I started to notice the rhythm of the neighborhood.I'd 9 hellos with passers­by.I started making small talks with my neighbor, who I'd lived across the hall from for seven years with 10 a word.Eventually, we developed a real friendship. I was told Jake was 2 when I 11 him.In truth, said the vet, he was between 4 and 6.Whatever had happened in his life left him 12 and had 13 his trust in humans.I met him too late to save him; the damage was done.Trusting me was a matter of 14 ．But he came to trust me and his trust developed into something else—that this 15 little dog learned to be loved, same as me. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和收养的狗Jake相互救赎的故事。 √ √ 1．A．dying B．gone C．sick D．unconscious B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据句中的“the disappearance of the comforting pace he brought to my days is like a 2 of my loss”可知，Jake不在了。A.dying濒死的；B.gone走了的,不在了的；C.sick生病的；D.unconscious无知觉的。故选B。] 2．A．reminder B．warning C．calling D．sense A　[根据“the disappearance of the comforting pace he brought to my days is like a...of my loss”可知，Jake那充满慰藉的生活节奏消失了，这提醒作者他已经失去了自己心爱的狗。reminder引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物。] √ √ 3．A．trapped B．calmed C．joked D．comforted D　[根据空后的“me by telling me I saved him”并结合语境可知，作者的狗去世了，朋友来安慰(comforted)他。] 4．A．withdrew B．fit C．locked D．closed A　[根据上文中的“I was separated from the world”可知，作者与世隔绝，不与人交流。withdraw into oneself意为“不与人交流，沉默”。] √ √ 5．A．liking B．walking C．changing D．chaining B　[根据空后的“this lovely creature around”和下文中的“our walks”可知，作者到处遛(walking)狗。] 6．A．walked B．jogged C．rushed D．wandered C　[根据空后的“He smelled everything.”可知，Jake从不急匆匆(rushed)，他边走边闻。] √ √ 7．A．lower B．freeze C．fix D．plant D　[根据“in protest”可知，当作者想让Jake往前走时，他就会双脚牢牢地抓住地面，一动不动地表示抗议。fix使固定。] 8．A．took down B．slowed down C．boiled down D．set down B　[根据空前的“I let go of the idea that our walks were about getting somewhere”可知，作者不再执着于散步就是为了到达某个地方的想法，于是放慢了节奏(slowed down)。] √ √ 9．A．shared B．greeted C．expressed D．exchanged D　[根据空后的“hellos with passers­by”可知，作者和路人互相打招呼，即交流(exchanged)问好。] 10．A．frequently B．simply C．barely D．fairly C　[根据句中的“I started making small talks with my neighbor, who I'd lived across the hall from for seven years”可知，作者放慢生活节奏后开始和邻居聊天，而他们之前在做邻居的七年时间里几乎没(barely)说过话。live across the hall from sb.住在某人走廊对面。] √ √ 11．A．adapted B．abandoned C．adopted D．adored C　[根据上文中“when I met him at an adoption event”可知，作者是在一次收养活动上收养(adopted)了Jake。] 12．A．anxious B．confident C．positive D．flexible A　[根据下文中的“I met him too late to save him; the damage was done.”可知，Jake之前受到了许多伤害，他感到很焦虑(anxious)。] √ √ 13．A．explored B．exhausted C．exploded D．expected B　[根据下文中的“But he came to trust me”可知，作者刚见到Jake时，他已经耗尽(exhausted)了对人类的信任。] 14．A．approval B．competence C．integrity D．survival D　[根据空前的“Trusting me was a matter of”并结合常识可知，Jake之前遭受了许多伤害，失去了对人类的信任，而在作者领养他之后，他选择信任作者是为了生存(survival)下去。] 15．A．stressed B．thrilled C．scared D．amused C　[根据上文中的“Whatever had happened in his life left him 12 and had 13 his trust in humans.”和“the damage was done”可知，这只狗遭受到了人类的伤害，变得很焦虑，无法信任人类，他内心是充满恐惧的(scared)。] √ Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) (2024·烟台高二下模拟)Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1. ，through agriculture.Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 2. could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. Farming produced more food per person 3. hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.And，as more children were born, more food 4. (need).Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5. (change) lives. By about 6，000 BC，people 6. (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.Later，they learned to work with the 7. (season)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 8. (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with 9. rise of science, changes began.New methods 10. (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业发展的历史。 1．in　[考查介词。句意：公元前10 000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所生存的世界。分析可知，“they lived ”应是空前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知引导词应是在从句中作宾语。故填in。] 2．what　[考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们野外采集或狩猎所得的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。] 3．than　[考查固定搭配。句意：农耕所带来的人均粮食产量比狩猎和采集更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more...than...，意为“比……更……”故填than。] 4．was needed　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：出生人口的不断增加需要更多的食物供给。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词，作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填was needed。] 5．to change　[考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子结构可知，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。] 6．had discovered　[考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6 000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。“by＋过去时间”与过去完成时连用。故填had discovered。] 7．seasons　[考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。] 8．making　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中有谓语动词learned，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of与planting并列，和逻辑主语they之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。所以此处用现在分词形式作状语。故填making。] 9．the　[考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着……的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。] 10．meant　[考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和谓语动词之间构成主谓关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。] $$