UNIT 5 Section Ⅲ Using language & Developing ideas-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Developing ideas Step One：Pre-reading Do a research and tick out the valuable natural resources deep in the ocean. Biological resources Mineral resources Chemical resources Power resources Water resources Space resources Answers may vary. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What’s the main idea of the passage? A．There are millions of shipwrecks lying under waters. B．Human’s exploration deep into the sea. C．The tough environment of the sea bed. D．Some new discoveries made by the scientists in the deep sea. 答案：B Ⅱ.Read for the structure Fill in the following blanks with proper words according to the passage. Ⅲ.Read for details 1．What can we infer from the last sentence in the first paragraph? A．Human beings have made a detailed map of the oceans. B．Humankind has made great efforts to explore the universe. C．Humankind is knowledgeable in terms of the oceans. D．The oceans are still waiting to be discovered. 2．What’s the meaning of the ruins discovered beneath the oceans? A．It can help us have a good understanding of the history. B．It can help us to learn more about the tsunami. C．It will become a famous tourist attraction. D．It proved that life underneath the ocean is extremely tough. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Human beings can’t reach the deepest ocean because of the huge pressure. B．There is no signs of life in the deepest of the ocean. C．Although extremely tough，life is rich in beneath the ocean waiting to be found. D．Life in the deepest ocean is struggling to survive. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the ocean exploration in the future? A．Pessimistic. B．Optimistic. C．Critical. D．Indifferent. 答案：1－4　DACB 学生用书第133页 Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1． [尝试翻译]　在200多米以下、阳光照不到的深水水域里，住着一些看起来就像是刚从科幻小说中走出来的奇异的生物。 2． [尝试翻译]　借助这些潜水器所完成的研究有利于科学家进一步了解海床的形成过程，帮助确定深海钻探区域，将深海勘探带入一个崭新的时代。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 教材佳句　Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery，and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon today. 学后仿写　要记住，无论何时我们在国内还是国外旅行，我们都代表着这个国家走向世界。 Just keep it in mind that whenever we travel at home or abroad，we are representing the country to the world． Ⅲ.品质升华 1．Why do you think the author uses statistics in the passage？(Divergent Thinking发散性思维) The use of statistics makes the passage more convincing. 2．What common message do the two reading passages in this unit convey？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) Both passages convey the message that humans have the desire and means to explore the unknown. ◎ ①dive/daɪv/ vi.&n. 潜水；跳水 ②shipwreck/'ʃɪprek/ n. 失事的船；沉船 ③some [熟词生义]adv.大约，差不多 ④set sail 起航 ⑤unexplored/ˌʌnɪk'splɔːd/ adj. 无人涉足的，未画进地图的，未经勘察的 ⑥given [熟词生义]prep.考虑到，鉴于 ⑦continue to do sth继续做某事 ⑧as with 正如；与……一样 ⑨archaeological finds 考古发现 archaeological/ˌɑːkɪə'lɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ adj. 考古学的；考古的 ⑩shallow waters 浅水区 ⑪offer a window into...提供了解……的窗口 window [熟词生义]n.了解信息的渠道，窗口 ⑫fascinating/'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ adj. 迷人的，极有吸引力的 ⑬extreme cold 严寒，极度寒冷 ⑭fragment/'frægmənt/ n. 碎片，片段 ⑮biological/ˌbaɪə'lɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生物的；生物学的 biology/baɪ'ɒlədʒi/ n．生物 ⑯coral/'kɒrəl/ n．珊瑚 coral reef/island 珊瑚礁/岛 ⑰at the rate of 按……速度；按……比率 ⑱transparent/træns'pærənt/adj. 透明的 ⑲very [熟词生义]adv.(强调形容词最高级或置于own前)完全，十足 ⑳ocean trench 海沟 trench/trentʃ/ n．海沟 ㉑be equivalent to 等同于，相当于 equivalent/ɪ'kwɪv(ə)lənt/ adj. 相当的；等同的；等值的 ㉒stack/stæk/ v. (使)整齐地堆起；摞起 ㉓volcanic opening 火山口 ㉔notable/'nəʊtəb(ə)l/ adj. 值得注意的；显著的；显要的 ㉕substance/'sʌbstəns/ n. 物质 ㉖vessel/'ves(ə)l/ n. 舰；船 ㉗hold the record for...保持……的纪录 ㉘manned submarine 载人潜艇 manned/mænd/ adj. 有人控制的，需人操纵的 ㉙alongside prep. 与……一起，与……同时 ㉚deep-sea drilling 深海钻探 drilling/'drɪlɪŋ/ n．钻探；勘探 ㉛tough environment 艰苦的环境 ㉜enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的 ㉝intense/ɪn'tens/ adj. 很大的，十分强烈的 intense heat/cold/pain 酷热/严寒/剧痛 ㉞beyond the reach of...超出……的范围 ㉟open up 开辟 ㊱frontier/'frʌntɪə/ n．边界，边境，国界；尖端，边缘 ◎ DIVING① DEEP 1 Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks②.【1】All of them represent attempts over the centuries to explore Earth’s furthest corners.Among these is the Esmeralda，the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.【2】Today，some③500 years after the Esmeralda set sail④，there is little—if any 【3】—land on our planet left unexplored⑤.We have more detailed maps of the Moon，and even of Venus and Mars，than we do of Earth’s own sea bed．【4】 【1】本句是完全倒装句。动词-ing形式短语位于句首引起完全倒装。 【2】本句是完全倒装句，“the earliest...Asia”作主语the Esmeralda的同位语。 【3】if any表示“如果有的话”，是if型省略结构。 【4】than引导的比较状语从句，do替代前面的have more detailed maps。 学生用书第134页 2 Given⑥our limited knowledge，it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to⑦lead to discoveries in various scientific fields 【5】．As with⑧the discovery of the Esmeralda，many archaeological finds⑨are made in shallow waters⑩near the coast.These may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath the waves.One such find is the ancient Roman city of Neápolis，discovered off the coast of Tunisia.Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD，the ruins of Neápolis are almost 2，000 years old.The remaining streets and buildings offer a window into⑪a fascinating⑫period in our history.However，we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure，darkness and extreme cold⑬at vast depths.Fragments⑭of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered. 【5】“it is no surprise that...”表示“……不足为奇”，it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。 3 Amazing biological⑮discoveries are also being made.The dark zones of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet’s fish.In these waters，more than 200 metres deep，where light cannot reach，are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.【6】Imagine bone-white coral⑯6，000 metres below the ocean’s surface，growing at the rate of⑰only one or two millimetres per year.Some of these could be 4，000 years old.Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye，a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent⑱forehead.In the very⑲deepest ocean trenches⑳that are more than 8，000 metres below the surface，the pressure is equivalent to㉑50 aeroplanes stacked㉒one on top of another.Yet there is still life to be found，even around the deep-sea volcanic openings㉓.These discoveries all help us understand the capacity for life on our planet，even in the most extreme circumstances. 【6】本句是主从复合句。句子的主干是In these waters are extraordinary creatures。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词these waters；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词creatures，该从句中又包含一个as if引导的表语从句。 学生用书第135页 4 Furthermore，the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources，some of which are completely new to us．【7】Most notable㉔of these is China’s discovery of an ice-like substance㉕，known as “fire ice”，under the South China Sea.In addition，China’s underwater vessels㉖，such as the Jiaolong and Shenhai Yongshi，have been exploring waters at depths of thousands of metres.The Jiaolong even holds the record for㉗the deepest dive by a manned submarine㉘，at 7，062 metres，giving China its place alongside㉙the world’s top ocean explorers.The research conducted by these vessels is giving scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed was formed，as well as helping identify areas for deep-sea drilling㉚，taking deep-sea exploration into a whole new era.【8】 【7】“代词＋of which”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词natural resources。 【8】本句是主从复合句。句子的主干是The research is giving scientists a greater understanding as well as helping identify areas。过去分词短语conducted by these vessels作后置定语，修饰主语The research；how引导宾语从句；动词-ing形式短语“taking deep-sea exploration into a whole new era”作结果状语。 5 Being a tough environment㉛of complete darkness，enormous㉜pressure and intense㉝cold，【9】the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of㉞human exploration.However，through closer international scientific，economic and cultural cooperation，we are all becoming part of a global mission to open up㉟our planet’s final frontier㊱.Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery，and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon today. 【9】动词-ing形式短语作状语，表示主语the ocean depths的状态。 ◎ 潜入深海 1 全球水下据估计有三百万艘沉船，它们都代表着若干世纪以来探索地球最远端的努力尝试。其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉达”号，它是欧洲国家探索亚洲时代留下的最早残骸。如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。(然而，)我们手中关于地球自身海底的地图，甚至比不上关于月球乃至金星、火星的天体图详尽。 学生用书第136页 2 鉴于我们认知有限，探索海洋可以不断带来各种不同科学领域的发现就显得不足为奇了。就像发现“埃斯梅拉达”号的残骸一样，很多考古学发现都发生在近海岸的浅水水域。这些发现有时会包括埋在海浪下的整座城市，其中之一便是在突尼斯近海发现的古罗马城市奈阿波利斯。据悉，在公元4世纪，奈阿波利斯被一场海啸淹没，其废墟至今已有2 000年的历史。存留下来的街道、建筑为我们打开了一扇窗，让我们得以窥见那段精彩的历史。然而，我们才刚刚开始克服广袤的海洋深处的压强、黑暗和极寒所带来的挑战。过去的碎片仍深藏在大洋底部，等待被发现。 3 生物学领域也有惊人的发现。海洋的黑暗区域里或许生存着多达地球上90%的鱼类。在200多米以下，阳光照不到的那些水域里，生存着一些看起来就像是直接从科幻小说中走出来的奇异生物。想象一下，在海平面下6 000米深处，骨白色的珊瑚以每年仅一到两毫米的速度生长着，它们中有些可能已经存活了4 000年。漆黑的深海里管眼鱼游来游去，这是种奇特的鱼，眼睛可以透过透明的前额向上看。在海平面以下8 000多米处最深的海沟里，压强相当于50架飞机堆叠在一起，然而这里仍有生命的存在，甚至在深海海底的火山口周围也有生命。这些发现帮助我们理解地球上生命的承受力，甚至是在最极端的环境(的承受力)。 4 此外，海洋还是自然资源的宝贵来源，其中一些对我们来说是全新的资源。最值得一提的便是中国在南海发现的冰状物质——被称为“可燃冰”。此外，中国的水下舰艇，如“蛟龙”号和“深海勇士”号，一直在数千米深的水域探索。“蛟龙”号甚至保持着载人潜舰的最深下潜纪录7 062米，使中国跻身于世界顶级海洋探索国之列。借助这些潜水器所完成的研究有利于科学家进一步了解海床的形成过程，帮助确定深海钻探区域，将深海勘探带入一个崭新的时代。 5 深海区域环境恶劣，完全黑暗、压强极大、极度寒冷，长期以来都是人类探索无法到达的区域。然而，通过更紧密的国际科学、经济以及文化合作，我们都在成为开拓地球最后疆域这一全球使命的参与者。人类正进入一个海洋发现的新时代，或许有朝一日，我们会像熟悉脚下的土地一样熟悉那海浪下的世界。 ◎核心单词——练通 1．shrink from new situations 面对新情况而退缩 2．be equal to 10 millimetres 等于10毫米 3．an equivalent amount of money 等值的钱 4．furthermore adv. 此外；而且；不仅如此 5．an ice-like substance 冰状物质 6．vol(＝volume) n． (书的)卷，册 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．investigation n．调查→investigate v．调查→investigator n．调查者，侦查员 2．archaeological adj.考古学的；考古的→archaeology n．考古学→archaeologist n．考古学家 3．notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notably adv.尤其；特别；非常 4．drilling n．钻探；勘探→drill v．钻探；勘探→driller n．钻探工人 规律：以-le结尾的形容词变副词，去-e＋-y 示例：notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notably adv.尤其；特别；非常 simple adj.简单的→simply adv.简单地 comfortable adj.舒适的→comfortably adv.舒适地 possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地 gentle adj.温和的→gently adv.温和地 学生用书第137页 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．make a quick getaway 迅速逃跑 2．retreat after suffering heavy losses 因损失惨重撤退 3．subdue her fears 克制她的恐惧 4．uncharted areas 地图上没有标明的地区 5．delve into history 探究历史 6．an estimated three million shipwrecks 估计有三百万艘沉船 7．coral reefs 珊瑚礁 8．the palms facing upwards 手心朝上 9．in the trench of the eastern South China Sea 在中国南海东部的海沟里 10．stack up on the counters 整齐地堆放在柜台上 11．the design of commercial vessel 商用船舶设计 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．调查，检查 check out 2．动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 set out 3．投入到……中去 throw oneself into 4．再三考虑，慎重考虑 think twice 5．调查(问题) look into 6．起航 set sail 7．超出……的范围 beyond the reach of 8．保持……的纪录 hold the record 第二组　英译汉 9．make a getaway 逃跑，逃走 10．run for one’s life 逃命 11．test the waters 试水，试探 12．steer clear of 避开……；从……处脱身 13．shrink from 避免做， 不愿做 14．be equivalent to 等同于，相当于 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　完全倒装 教材原句　Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks． 全球水下据估计有三百万艘沉船。 2．句型公式　if 条件状语从句的省略 教材原句　Today，some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored. 如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。 3．句型公式　It is＋过去分词＋that... 教材原句　It’s argued that the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy... 有人认为北纬30度线是一条蕴含巨大自然能量的线…… Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 (教材原句)In more recent times，Norwegian explorer，Roald Amundsen endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole... 在近代，挪威探险家罗阿尔德·阿蒙森在前往未知领域到达南极时，忍受了地球上最恶劣的环境之一…… set out for 动身去某处 set out to do sth＝set about doing sth 开始做某事 set aside 存储；留出 set up 建立；创立 set down 放下；记下；登记 set off 动身，出发；启程；燃放(烟火等)；引发 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①With the stadium set up，a wide range of sports events are able to be held here，of which ping-pong，football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity. 学生用书第138页 ②You had better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. ③我们将出发去长城，心中充满兴奋。(读后续写之情绪描写) We will set out for the Great Wall，filled with excitement. ④他们着手打扫厨房，而他们的父亲帮忙做早餐。 →They set about cleaning up the kitchen while their father helped make the breakfast.(set about) →They set out to clean up the kitchen while their father helped make the breakfast.(set out) throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去 (教材原句)Of course，exploration doesn’t have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown，and it’s never wrong to think twice before taking action.当然，探索并不一定意味着盲目地把自己置身于未知的世界中，而且在采取行动之前三思而后行从来都是不会错的。 throw oneself on 扑倒在……上 throw away 抛弃，放弃；错过 throw out 抛出，赶出 throw up 呕吐 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①People are recycling many things that they would have thrown away in the past. ②He didn’t think words he threw out would hurt others. ③我们的教师投身于培养新一代的工作中。 Our teachers throw themselves into their work of bringing up a new generation. look into调查(问题) (教材原句)...we should always look into things first and consider our options. ……我们应该首先调查事情再考虑我们的选择。 look back (on) 回忆，回顾 look out for 注意察看，留心 look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起 look up to 尊敬，敬仰 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They have looked into the cause of the accident，but the result is still unknown to us. ②Nobody will look up to you if you look down on/upon yourself. ③当你外出在街上时，你应该小心车辆。(书面表达之建议信) When you are out in the street，you should look out for the cars． 学生用书第139页 一、一词多义——check out A．调查；了解……的情况　B．检查　C．结账离开 1．The engineer checked out all the machines before they were put to use. B 2．According to regulations of this hotel，guests should check out of their rooms by noon. C 3．We’ll have to check him out before we employ him. A 二、熟词生义 1．Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature.v.缩水 2．They were busy stacking the shelves with goods.v.摞起 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：if条件状语从句的省略 (教材原句)Today，some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored. 如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。 本句中 if any 是if条件状语从句的省略形式，表示“如果有的话”。 (1)在if，when，while，once，whether，unless，though等引导的从句中如果含有系动词be的某种形式，从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和系动词be可以省略。 (2)if构成的其他省略形式： if any 如果有的话 if necessary 如果必要的话 if so 如果是这样的话 if possible 如果有可能的话 if not 如果不这样的话 补全句子 ①Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home？If so (如果这样的话)，we have a vacancy in our team which would suit you. ②There may be some mistakes in my composition.If any(如果有的话)，please help me point them out. ③If possible(如果有可能的话)，try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. ④If we can do that，we can keep up with the times.If not(如果不这样的话)，we would always fall behind. 句型公式：It is＋过去分词＋that... (教材原句)It’s argued that the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy... 有人认为北纬30度是一条蕴含巨大自然能量的线…… “It is ＋过去分词＋that...”句型归纳： It is said that... 据说…… It is thought that... 人们认为…… It is believed that... 人们相信…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is estimated that... 据统计……，据估计…… 补全句子/句式升级 ①It is reported that (据报道) a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. ②It is suggested that (人们建议) all the people who will join in picking apples should wear a hat and a pair of gloves. 学生用书第140页 ③Hopefully，you could make it to this wonderful event. →It is hoped that you could make it to this wonderful event.(It is＋过去分词＋that...) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$