专题08 完形填空说明文-备战2025年高考英语二轮复习新题速递

专题08 完形填空说明文 ———————————————————————————————————————————— 1.（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）China’s space exploration has once again achieved a great success. The launch of the Shenzhou-19 spacecraft was a memorable moment for all Chinese, marking the beginning of a new 1 in China’s space journey. The Long March-2F rocket was the perfect 2 for this important mission with its impressive appearance and stable technology, and the astronauts underwent 3 training. At zero seconds, with everyone’s hearts 4 , the rocket soared into the sky, leaving a trail of fire and smoke. Back on Earth, people watched the launch on TV and 5 the astronauts’ progress through live broadcast. The successful launch and operation of the spacecraft 6 China’s ability to compete with the world’s leading space agencies. During the mission, the astronauts will have 7 tasks to accomplish. They will 8 scientific experiments and prepare for future missions. They will also take time to enjoy the beautiful 9 of Earth from space. The Shenzhou-19 spacecraft is supposed to 10 its mission after six months in space. The success of the mission will inspire many young people to pursue their dreams of becoming astronauts. Since 2003, with each new mission, China has shown its ability to 11 and push the boundaries of human knowledge. And with its strong scientific and technological 12 , China is sure to make greater achievements in the future. The Shenzhou-19 mission is a constant 13 of China’s growing influence in space exploration. It marks a new era in China’s space exploration and 14 the world’s attention to the country’s development. As China continues to progress, we can only imagine what the future holds for this 15 nation. 1．A．framework B．chapter C．mode D．platform 2．A．option B．combination C．location D．definition 3．A．dramatic B．appealing C．flexible D．demanding 4．A．beating B．sinking C．racing D．melting 5．A．followed B．documented C．monitored D．noticed 6．A．facilitated B．identified C．clarified D．demonstrated 7．A．multiple B．urgent C．physical D．risky 8．A．draw on B．carry out C．bring up D．deal with 9．A．images B．fields C．sights D．figures 10．A．summarize B．occupy C．interrupt D．complete 11．A．wonder B．innovate C．sustain D．apply 12．A．expansion B．background C．introduction D．competence 13．A．reminder B．warning C．operation D．factor 14．A．refer B．limits C．absorbs D．connects 15．A．humble B．powerful C．reliable D．generous 2.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）JongMay Urbonya is an American lady full of 1 : she is fluent in Mandarin, fond of hanfu and Chinese dance. She was born in China and lived there until the age of six. It was in those years that the seeds of love for Chinese culture were 2 . Even after moving back to the U. S., Urbonya's parents used Chinese TV dramas to 3 her Chinese language abilities. The seeds of passion 4 her back to China in 2011, studying Chinese dance in Beijing Normal University. “When I was a kid, I had a “princess dream”. I often cover my shoulder with a blanket, 5 I was an ancient Chinese princess,” she said. A chance to 6 that dream occurred in 2020, when a TV show had Urbonya visit a hanfu festival. “Hanfu has wide 7 and is winning recognition in the world. I got the full hanfu experience and I 8 then that hanfu culture is a new-found way to bring Chinese 9 to the present,” she said. She 10 that 10 years ago when she was in college, wearing hanfu was a(n) 11 sight and she could only buy custom-made hanfu. “If I had worn hanfu walking down the street, people would probably ask 12 in their hearts, ‘Why is this foreigner wearing an ancient outfit on the street?” “Now, she has 13 hanfu in her everyday wear and is able to purchase different 14 of hanfu online. “I'm really happy to be a hanfu culture enthusiast, and I hope to make it more 15 to those outside of China,” she said. 1．A．mysteries B．ambitions C．surprises D．contradictions 2．A．spread B．collected C．sowed D．blossomed 3．A．keep up B．hold up C．take up D．wrap up 4．A．delivered B．brought C．forced D．flashed 5．A．celebrating B．demanding C．guaranteeing D．pretending 6．A．achieve B．appreciate C．imagine D．establish 7．A．appeal B．exposure C．admiration D．devotion 8．A．proposed B．indicated C．realized D．proved 9．A．faith B．history C．values D．virtues 10．A．memorized B．declared C．reminded D．recalled 11．A．popular B．rare C．desirable D．crucial 12．A．ridiculously B．seriously C．casually D．curiously 13．A．folded B．included C．replaced D．created 14．A．ranges B．models C．sizes D．styles 15．A．reliable B．comfortable C．accessible D．reasonable 3.（2025·上海·一模）Artificial intelligence (AI) is commonly used to make predictions from datasets, but this typically requires creating a 1 model for each task. Hollmann et all have developed a solution — a foundation model — that 2 applying machine learning across different tasks without task-specific training. This development could streamline prediction tasks, such as predicting patient deterioration in hospitals. In a typical tabular machine learning scenario, a hospital uses a 3 to track patient information, such as age, blood-oxygen level, and vital signs, with the last column indicating if a patient’s condition 4 . A model is then trained on this data to predict risk. 5 , you need to train multiple models for different tasks, which is time-consuming. With a foundation model like TabPFN, you can immediately use any dataset to make 6 without training a new model each time. Foundation models, like TabPFN, are 7 and can be applied across many tasks, similar to tools like ChatGPT and Stable Diffusion. These models reduce the effort and time required for machine learning tasks, 8 faster deployment of AI solutions in healthcare, finance, and more. TabPFN has several key advantages: it can handle new datasets quickly, making predictions in 9 of a second without training. It also deals well with issues like missing values and outliers and performs excellently on datasets with up to 10,000 rows and 500 columns. To overcome the challenge of limited real-world data, TabPFN was pre-trained on 100 million randomly generated data table that 10 real data’s statistical properties. This allowed it to learn general patterns without relying on actual datasets. Even if predictions can be made in less than a second, TabPFN is not 11 challenges. It is a “black box,” so users cannot easily understand how it makes predictions. It may also 12 with very large datasets, particularly those with over 10,000 rows and 500 columns. As the first model of its kind, its full 13 and limitations are still being explored. Despite these challenges, TabPFN could mark the beginning of a 14 in tabular machine learning. Data scientists may soon use foundation models like TabPFN to handle much of the heavy lifting, opening the door for faster, more efficient machine learning applications, similar to the 15 impact of large language models on natural language processing. 1．A．unique B．complex C．typical D．temporary 2．A．complicates B．simplifies C．restricts D．blocks 3．A．diagram B．chart C．graph D．table 4．A．worsened B．expanded C．evolved D．decreased 5．A．Occasionally B．Similarly C．Traditionally D．Typically 6．A．assumptions B．predictions C．evaluations D．preparations 7．A．flexible B．systematic C．trained D．approachable 8．A．providing B．improving C．gaining D．enabling 9．A．transitions B．microseconds C．durations D．fractions 10．A．represent B．ignore C．imitate D．reject 11．A．faced with B．free from C．striving for D．combined with 12．A．benefit B．enhance C．struggle D．lengthen 13．A．schemes B．potentials C．outputs D．intentions 14．A．decline B．charge C．shift D．modification 15．A．harmful B．gradual C．insignificant D．transformative 4.（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）The 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala’s four sub-venues added a special taste to the event. Each sub-venue, with its own 1 features, brought a unique part of Chinese culture to the forefront. Wuhan, a city with a long history, 2 a combination of traditional and modern elements. The Yellow Crane Tower, an ancient 3 provided a magnificent backdrop for the shows. Han embroidery, with its 4 stitches, was displayed on stage, 5 the city’s long-standing craftsmanship. Chongqing, famous for its 6 mountain-city scenery, built a stage by the Yangtze River. The electric Sichuan opera, especially its face-changing act, greatly 7 the audience. The introduction of Chongqing hot-pot, a symbol of local food culture, 8 the city’s unique charm. Wuxi, with its beautiful waterways and classical gardens, 9 a peaceful and elegant scene. The Huai opera, with its 10 melodies, filled the air. Local artisans’ delicate clay figurines, 11 with great care, were 12 for all to see. Lhasa, the holy city on the Tibetan Plateau, 13 a sense of solemnity. Against the backdrop of the Potala Palace, Tibetan dancers in colorful costumes performed traditional dances. Monks chanted scriptures, adding a 14 of religious solemnity. The display of Thangka paintings, filled with deep religious meaning, 15 the profound Tibetan culture. 1. A．common B．distinct C．similar D．regular 2. A．showed B．hid C．avoided D．denied 3. A．symbol B．reserve C．singal D．landmark 4. A．rough B．simple C．delicate D．thick 5. A．forgetting B．remembering C．demonstrating D．questioning 6. A．unique B．dull C．plain D．boring 7. A．gentle B．quiet C．calm D．energetic 8. A．weakened B．questioned C．strengthened D．doubted 9. A．presented B．hid C．avoided D．denied 10. A．loud B．soft C．noisy D．harsh 11. A．made B．bought C．sold D．borrowed 12. A．hidden B．stored C．displayed D．kept 13. A．brought B．took C．carried D．fetched 14. A．bit B．part C．piece D．touch 15. A．revealed B．rejected C．remembered D．removed 5.（24-25高三上·河南信阳·阶段练习）Lottie Mills, a student at the University of Cambridge, won the BBC Young Writers’ Award and she was congratulated for her 1 “The Changeling” at the virtual award ceremony. It was an inspiring story. Upset about how difference is described in some novels, particularly when it comes to disability, Lottie was inspired by “otherhood” (另类教育) and aimed to advocate a 2 state of mind. “The Changeling” transformed a myth (神话) into a magical and wonderful tale of a girl’s powerful 3 . Lotti e said, “As a disabled person, my stories quite often focus on ideas of otherhood, based on characters who are 4 by their society in some way or another.” She felt a strong 5 to challenge these social standards through her writing. “I had been researching fairy-related myths for a university essay and when I came across the idea of “changeling”, it really 6 in my mind. I really wanted to write a story which would show the 7 of disabled people, rather than describe them as disadvantaged.” Her determination to 8 that description was firm. Now Lottie is writing her first novel, a children’ s book. Knowing how 9 the right story can be, she desires to become an author, hoping to 10 young readers with her tales. Lotti e won fierce competition over four finalists. Kate Thistleton, BBC Radio RI presenter and one of the Young Writers’ Award judges, said, “We were 11 by ‘The Changeling’. It’ s simply beautiful. I love the way it uses fairy myth to tell a story from difference and disability to 12 . I’m so happy Lottie won and is considering a job as an author after being 13 by the Young Writers’ Award.” Her win is a 14 for all ambitious writers, especially those who, like Lottie, may feel like 15 in society.” 1．A．report B．essay C．poem D．work 2．A．neutral B．negative C．positive D．passive 3．A．growth B．balance C．habit D．hobby 4．A．accepted B．welcomed C．supported D．deserted 5．A．fear B．hesitation C．responsibility D．agreement 6．A．stuck B．disappeared C．occurred D．hurt 7．A．weaknesses B．disabilities C．advantages D．nervousness 8．A．promote B．change C．maintain D．ignore 9．A．life-saving B．life-threatening C．life-disturbing D．life-changing 0．A．inspire B．entertain C．annoy D．challenge 11．A．taken B．carried C．impressed D．refused 12．A．willingness B．rejection C．complaint D．acceptance 13．A．confused B．motivated C．discouraged D．disappointed 14．A．routine B．model C．task D．loss 15．A．outsiders B．insiders C．pioneers D．leaders 6.（24-25高三上·辽宁·期末）How to Avoid Raising a Spoiled Child In the now classic scene from the movie Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, a little girl stamps her foot and 1 , “I want an Oompa Loompa now! ” as her father hurries to get her one. The more everyday version is that the child loses 2 at the grocery checkout line, stamping and yelling to get candy. Other customers shake their heads or 3 their eyes as they watch the 4 parent grab a candy bar off the shelf and hand it to the child. We can call such behavior 5 , over loved or entitled. Whatever the term, children who learn that their tantrums (发怒) and demands can get them what they want can 6 not only running the family as teens but also struggling in their relationships as 7 . Believing the world moves around them leaves others seeing them as self-centered, demanding and 8 of others. They are often in 9 at work, and their home life creates constant conflicts or leaves everyone walking on 10 . So, how do we avoid raising a spoiled child? Carrots are always better than sticks. The rule of 11 is to take action and be as non-emotional as possible when you need to set limits. And when your child doesn’t have a tantrum at the checkout, when she is acting 12 , it’s time to get out the balloons and confetti (五彩纸屑). The danger with always 13 and providing little reward is that the child learns to seek 14 attention, which for a child is better than no attention at all. Building in 15 quality time half an hour before bedtime or a(n) weekend outing with a teen does the same magic. 1．A．smiles B．whispers C．speaks D．screams 2．A．money B．interest C．heart D．temper 3．A．roll B．narrow C．close D．focus 4．A．sorrowful B．exited C．annoyed D．frightening 5．A．violent B．spoiled C．serious D．panicked 6．A．rely on B．go on C．end up D．take up 7．A．children B．adults C．juniors D．seniors 8．A．inconsiderate B．thoughtful C．supportive D．ashamed 9．A．danger B．debt C．trouble D．confusion 10．A．eggshells B．grounds C．nuts D．carpets 11．A．arm B．heart C．thumb D．eye 12．A．poorly B．appropriately C．rudely D．successfully 13．A．praising B．blaming C．comforting D．distancing 14．A．objective B．immediate C．further D．negative 15．A．experimental B．accidental C．sudden D．regular7.（24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末）We have been educated that we have a short life, so we’d better 1 as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule. Then, we could lead a fulfilling life. However, sometimes, the more productive we are the more 2 we might be. Be 3 about a phenomenon called the “productivity trap (陷阱)”. Believe it or not, we would do far better to 4 if we are to make the most of our life. Surprisingly, 9 brings anxiety. Consider a basic goal, such as improving your email response. You might think you would be 6 with nothing in your inbox, and reply to each message the moment it comes in. But each email you send brings further 7 and more work to complete. 8 , the messages pile up again. Psychologists suggest trying “have done list”, the 9 of the “to do list”. Instead of starting out 10 each morning, “have done list” fills up with tasks you completed yesterday. It gives you a greater sense of 11 by recording your workload rather than stressing things you have yet to 12 . Avoiding the productivity trap does not mean 13 tasks on purpose or working less efficiently. Instead, it’s about finding a balance between personal efficiency and 14 . It means planning tasks carefully and setting realistic goals, while also giving yourself enough time to 15 after working hard. 1．A．pack B．donate C．believe D．enjoy 2．A．nervous B．stressed C．happy D．successful 3．A．sorry B．cautious C．hopeful D．angry 4．A．cheer up B．go back C．break away D．slow down 5．A．capability B．flexibility C．accuracy D．efficiency 6．A．relieved B．inspired C．bored D．impressed 7．A．goals B．surprises C．replies D．improvements 8．A．Initially B．Ultimately C．Similarly D．Additionally 9．A．future B．outcome C．core D．opposite 10．A．empty B．sleepy C．delightful D．grateful 11．A．timing B．belonging C．commitment D．achievement 12．A．finish B．discover C．assess D．list 13．A．undervaluing B．delaying C．prioritizing D．tracking 14．A．task-expectation B．well-being C．self-achievement D．time-management 15．A．create B．plan C．relax D．reflect 8.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）In today’s digital age when you can get information in a blink (眨眼睛) of an eye, there is a concern about children losing interest in reading printed books. That’s why communities in Australia have 10 a way to develop a love of books in the younger generations. Street Library Australia, a nonprofit, was 2 by Nick Lowe. After a workshop (研讨会) in 2015 to build 30 libraries, the idea 3 quickly and now there are 4,500 street libraries in Australia. The libraries come in all shapes and 4 from reused doll houses to old kitchen shelves. These libraries are completely voluntary and anyone can 5 one. Pamela Zielke who runs a library called Pam’s Pantry 6 toys and craft (工艺) supplies along with books. As an early childhood educator, she started her library with the goal of rescuing books from the 7 , avoiding having lots of books thrown away. But the libraries are doing much more than just 8 books for people. The street libraries are also building a 9 . Lowe said, “It’s a great way to meet people in your neighborhood who are also book- lovers, 10 books, and find new books.” The libraries also offered puzzles and 11 for kids. They can try some funny games here, like guessing ones. “It was nice to be able to give back, and I felt that 12 my spirit at the time as well,” Lowe shared. These little street libraries provided a valuable 13 in the community. Adults use them to find books on specific hobbies, children are developing a love of reading books, and it is more 14 than going to a faraway bookstore. But even more importantly, with a shared 15 , the libraries are bringing communities closer together. 1．A．given way to B．come up with C．looked down upon D．looked forward to 2．A．awarded B．needed C．doubted D．established 3．A．spread B．changed C．failed D．ended 4．A．sizes B．heights C．types D．levels 5．A．afford B．visit C．start D．find 6．A．searches for B．applies for C．gives out D．figures out 7．A．trade B．waste C．danger D．loss 8．A．selling B．recommending C．printing D．providing 9．A．community B．company C．country D．city 10．A．hide B．borrow C．write D．recycle 11．A．prizes B．games C．food D．money 12．A．lifted B．awakened C．broke D．showed 13．A．lesson B．help C．service D．plan 14．A．successful B．convenient C．peaceful D．difficult 15．A．resource B．future C．interest D．pleasure 9.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Today’s children are growing up in a small world. They 1 with people from different cultures on a daily basis. Quality literature and technology expose them to diverse voices and develop their cultural awareness. Priya Kumari is an award- winning author. She remembers a childhood filled with 2 hours spent in her father’s bookstore. The stories in the picture books brought about lots of laughter and 3 her right and wrong. After Kumari became a mother, she 4 great importance to her children's education. She 5 to offer the wisdom learned from the books to the next generation. “Books provide a 6 into other cultures,” she says. In Kumari’s opinion, discussing cultural awareness has to start 7 . The younger children are, the 8 it is to internalize (内化) these values. “The best way to lay a foundation for global awareness is through fun and related 9 such as foods, games, animals, music, and festivals,” she suggests. “If you can 10 trips, by all means, travel around! However, you have 11 to the entire world through quality literature and your computer. ” Written words are 12 and readers can get strength from them. It is important that the books for children must be free of 13 and misinformation. This is the basis for 14 understanding of other people and opinions. The books for children must allow readers to look into their own minds and 15 their feelings. A good book gives readers the chance to grow and develop as well as the improvement of cultural awareness. 1．A．argue B．communicate C．discuss D．compete 2．A．busy B．happy C．hard D．quiet 3．A．discovered B．prepared C．gave D．taught 4．A．attaches B．shows C．puts D．knows 5．A．refused B．pretended C．longed D．agreed 6．A．roof B．car C．ship D．window 7．A．early B．fully C．suddenly D．clearly 8．A．cheaper B．slower C．easier D．worse 9．A．ideas B．activities C．stories D．topics 10．A．book B．afford C．organize D．plan 11．A．access B．hope C．answers D．tickets 12．A．cheerful B．meaningful C．powerful D．useful 13．A．words B．mistakes C．pictures D．covers 14．A．children’s B．teachers’ C．writers’ D．parents’ 15．A．find B．stand C．forget D．examine 10.（24-25高三下·重庆渝中·阶段练习）Small, spoon-shaped objects found on the end of warriors’ belts at archaeological sites across northern Europe could have been used to dispense stimulants (分配兴奋剂) before battle, a study suggests. The widespread use of drugs in ancient Greece and Rome was 1 in ancient sources and supported by archaeological finds. However, this body of evidence was 2 for the Germanic peoples living outside the Roman Empire, and it is generally assumed that they made little 3 of drugs apart from alcohol. Now, 4 by archaeologists offer a fresh viewpoint on these issues. Researchers identified 241 such 5 dating from the Roman period. They have handles, mostly 40-70mm long, and either a concave (凹的) bowl or flat disk measuring 10 to 20mm across. They were 6 to a man’s belt but played no role in its 7 . Stimulants may have been widely used to motivate soldiers to 8 their performance and also to reduce the stress and 9 caused by the war. The warriors could have used these objects to measure the right dose to 10 the desired effects. Researchers then surveyed which stimulants could have been 11 to the Germanic communities, either plants gathered locally or 12 in dry form from further afield. They conclude that Germanic peoples would have had access to a wide range of substances used as stimulants. These could have been 13 either in liquid form or in powdered form. Moreover, they note that to 14 the quantity and type of stimulants needed would have required considerable knowledge. They further believe that the stimulants were probably also used for 15 other than warfare, such as in medicine and rituals. 1．A．accepted B．documented C．forbidden D．misunderstood 2．A．convincing B．growing C．conflicting D．missing 3．A．difference B．sense C．use D．mention 4．A．analyses B．standards C．instructions D．measures 5．A．battles B．objects C．problems D．drugs 6．A．applied B．attached C．limited D．exposed 7．A．production B．understanding C．functioning D．transportation 8．A．review B．share C．boost D．track 9．A．shame B．infection C．danger D．fear 10．A．produce B．avoid C．assess D．study 11．A．available B．helpful C．unnecessary D．attractive 12．A．exchanged B．seen C．transformed D．transported 13．A．raised B．possessed C．collected D．consumed 14．A．spare B．detect C．supply D．store 15．A．benefits B．purposes C．forms D．findings 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 完形填空说明文 ———————————————————————————————————————————— 1.（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）China’s space exploration has once again achieved a great success. The launch of the Shenzhou-19 spacecraft was a memorable moment for all Chinese, marking the beginning of a new 1 in China’s space journey. The Long March-2F rocket was the perfect 2 for this important mission with its impressive appearance and stable technology, and the astronauts underwent 3 training. At zero seconds, with everyone’s hearts 4 , the rocket soared into the sky, leaving a trail of fire and smoke. Back on Earth, people watched the launch on TV and 5 the astronauts’ progress through live broadcast. The successful launch and operation of the spacecraft 6 China’s ability to compete with the world’s leading space agencies. During the mission, the astronauts will have 7 tasks to accomplish. They will 8 scientific experiments and prepare for future missions. They will also take time to enjoy the beautiful 9 of Earth from space. The Shenzhou-19 spacecraft is supposed to 10 its mission after six months in space. The success of the mission will inspire many young people to pursue their dreams of becoming astronauts. Since 2003, with each new mission, China has shown its ability to 11 and push the boundaries of human knowledge. And with its strong scientific and technological 12 , China is sure to make greater achievements in the future. The Shenzhou-19 mission is a constant 13 of China’s growing influence in space exploration. It marks a new era in China’s space exploration and 14 the world’s attention to the country’s development. As China continues to progress, we can only imagine what the future holds for this 15 nation. 1．A．framework B．chapter C．mode D．platform 2．A．option B．combination C．location D．definition 3．A．dramatic B．appealing C．flexible D．demanding 4．A．beating B．sinking C．racing D．melting 5．A．followed B．documented C．monitored D．noticed 6．A．facilitated B．identified C．clarified D．demonstrated 7．A．multiple B．urgent C．physical D．risky 8．A．draw on B．carry out C．bring up D．deal with 9．A．images B．fields C．sights D．figures 10．A．summarize B．occupy C．interrupt D．complete 11．A．wonder B．innovate C．sustain D．apply 12．A．expansion B．background C．introduction D．competence 13．A．reminder B．warning C．operation D．factor 14．A．refer B．limits C．absorbs D．connects 15．A．humble B．powerful C．reliable D．generous 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国神舟19号飞船成功发射及其影响，这标志着中国太空旅程新篇章的开始。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：神舟19号飞船的发射对所有中国人来说都是一个难忘的时刻，标志着中国太空旅程新篇章的开始。A. framework框架；B. chapter篇章；C. mode模式；D. platform平台。结合语境以及最后一段中“It marks a new era in China’s space exploration(这标志着中国太空探索进入了一个新时代)”可知，神舟19号飞船的发射标志着中国太空旅程新篇章的开始，故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：长征二号F火箭以其令人印象深刻的外观和稳定的技术成为这项重要任务的完美选择，宇航员们接受了严格的训练。A. option选择；B. combination结合；C. location位置；D. definition定义。结合“with its impressive appearance and stable technology”可知，长征二号F火箭拥有令人印象深刻的外观和稳定的技术，故被这次任务选中作为运载火箭，故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. dramatic戏剧性的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. flexible灵活的；D. demanding要求极严的。空处修饰名词“training”，宇航员们应是接受严格的训练，故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在零秒的时候，随着每个人的心跳加速，火箭飞向天空，留下了一条火和烟的痕迹。A. beating打败；B. sinking沉没；C. racing加速；D. melting融化。根据“the rocket soared into the sky, leaving a trail of fire and smoke”可知，火箭发射时刻，大家应是因紧张、激动等心跳加速，故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到地球后，人们在电视上观看发射，并通过直播跟踪航天员的进展。A. followed跟随，关注，密切注视；B. documented记录；C. monitored监视；D. noticed注意到。根据“the astronauts’ progress”可知，此处指火箭发射后通过跟踪了解航天员们的进展，故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：航天器的成功发射和运行证明了中国与世界领先航天机构竞争的能力。A. facilitated促进；B. identified识别，确认；C. clarified澄清；D. demonstrated证明。结合主语“The successful launch and operation of the spacecraft”和宾语“China’s ability”可知，这次成功证明了中国的能力，故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在执行任务期间，宇航员将有多项任务要完成。A. multiple多种多样的；B. urgent紧急的；C. physical身体的，物质的；D. risky有风险的。根据“They will ___8___ scientific experiments and prepare for future missions.”可知，宇航员将有多项任务要完成，故选A。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们将进行科学实验，为未来的任务做准备。A. draw on利用，凭借；B. carry out履行，实施；C. bring up养育；D. deal with处理。根据空后“scientific experiments”可知，此处指做实验，carry out experiments“做实验”，故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还将花时间从太空欣赏地球的美景。A. images图片；B. fields领域；C. sights风景；D. figures数字，人物。结合“enjoy”以及“of Earth from space”可知，此处指从太空欣赏地球的风景，故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：神舟19号飞船预计将在太空中飞行6个月后完成任务。A. summarize总结；B. occupy占据；C. interrupt打断；D. complete完成。根据“after six months in space”可知，此处指6个月后完成任务，故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2003年以来，通过每一次新的任务，中国都展示了其创新能力和推动人类知识边界的能力。A. wonder想知道；B. innovate创新，改革；C. sustain维持；D. apply申请，运用。根据“push the boundaries of human knowledge”可知，此处指创新能力，故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凭借强大的科技实力，中国在未来一定会取得更大的成就。A. expansion扩大；B. background背景；C. introduction介绍；D. competence能力。根据“China is sure to make greater achievements in the future”可知，中国在未来一定会取得更大的成就，推知中国应是具备强大的科技实力，故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：神舟19号任务不断提醒人们中国在太空探索领域日益增长的影响力。A. reminder提醒；B. warning警告；C. operation操作，手术；D. factor因素。根据“of China’s growing influence in space exploration”可知，神舟19号任务不断提醒人们，中国在太空探索领域日益增长的影响力，故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它标志着中国太空探索进入了一个新时代，吸引了世界对中国发展的关注。A. refer提到，查阅；B. limits限制；C. absorbs吸引；D. connects连接。结合“the world’s attention to the country’s development”可知，此处指中国的发展吸引了世界的关注，故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着中国的不断进步，我们可以想象这个强大国家的未来。A. humble谦逊的；B. powerful强大的；C. reliable可靠的；D. generous慷慨的。结合上文“ The Shenzhou-19 mission is a constant 13 of China’s growing influence in space exploration. It marks a new era in China’s space exploration and 14 the world’s attention to the country’s development. ”且文章多次提到中国与世界领先航天机构竞争的能力和中国的科技实力等可知，此处指这个强大的国家，故选B。 2.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）JongMay Urbonya is an American lady full of 1 : she is fluent in Mandarin, fond of hanfu and Chinese dance. She was born in China and lived there until the age of six. It was in those years that the seeds of love for Chinese culture were 2 . Even after moving back to the U. S., Urbonya's parents used Chinese TV dramas to 3 her Chinese language abilities. The seeds of passion 4 her back to China in 2011, studying Chinese dance in Beijing Normal University. “When I was a kid, I had a “princess dream”. I often cover my shoulder with a blanket, 5 I was an ancient Chinese princess,” she said. A chance to 6 that dream occurred in 2020, when a TV show had Urbonya visit a hanfu festival. “Hanfu has wide 7 and is winning recognition in the world. I got the full hanfu experience and I 8 then that hanfu culture is a new-found way to bring Chinese 9 to the present,” she said. She 10 that 10 years ago when she was in college, wearing hanfu was a(n) 11 sight and she could only buy custom-made hanfu. “If I had worn hanfu walking down the street, people would probably ask 12 in their hearts, ‘Why is this foreigner wearing an ancient outfit on the street?” “Now, she has 13 hanfu in her everyday wear and is able to purchase different 14 of hanfu online. “I'm really happy to be a hanfu culture enthusiast, and I hope to make it more 15 to those outside of China,” she said. 1．A．mysteries B．ambitions C．surprises D．contradictions 2．A．spread B．collected C．sowed D．blossomed 3．A．keep up B．hold up C．take up D．wrap up 4．A．delivered B．brought C．forced D．flashed 5．A．celebrating B．demanding C．guaranteeing D．pretending 6．A．achieve B．appreciate C．imagine D．establish 7．A．appeal B．exposure C．admiration D．devotion 8．A．proposed B．indicated C．realized D．proved 9．A．faith B．history C．values D．virtues 10．A．memorized B．declared C．reminded D．recalled 11．A．popular B．rare C．desirable D．crucial 12．A．ridiculously B．seriously C．casually D．curiously 13．A．folded B．included C．replaced D．created 14．A．ranges B．models C．sizes D．styles 15．A．reliable B．comfortable C．accessible D．reasonable 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对中国的汉服痴迷的外国人——Urbonya积极宣传汉服的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：JongMay Urbonya是一位充满惊喜的美国女士：她普通话流利，喜欢汉服和中国舞蹈。A. mysteries神秘的事物；B. ambitions野心；雄心；C. surprises惊讶，惊喜；D. contradictions矛盾。根据本句“she is fluent in Mandarin, fond of hanfu and Chinese dance (她普通话流利，喜欢汉服和中国舞蹈)”可知，JongMay Urbonya的爱好让人惊讶的。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她出生在中国，一直住到六岁。那些年在她的心中播下了热爱中国文化的种子。A. spread传播；B. collected收集；C. sowed播撒；D. blossomed开花；兴旺。根据上句“fond of hanfu and Chinese dance. (喜欢汉服和中国舞蹈)”以及本句“the seeds of love (热爱中国文化的种子)”可知，在中国生活的经历使热爱中国文化的种子在她的心中播下了。故选C。 3．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：即使在搬回美国的时候，Urbonya的父母也用中国电视剧来保持她的中文能力。A. keep up坚持，维持；B. hold up支撑，支持，举起；C. take up开始从事（某项活动）；D. wrap up总结，概括。根据上文“Urbonya’s parents used Chinese TV dramas to (Urbonya的父母也通过中国电视剧来)”可知，Urbonya的父母也通过中国电视剧来提高她的中文能力。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2011年，带着激情的种子，她回到中国，在北京师范大学学习中国舞蹈。A. delivered投递，运送；B. brought带来；C. forced强迫；D. flashed闪现。根据本句“studying Chinese dance in Beijing Normal University. (在北京师范大学学习中国舞蹈)”可知，她回到中国。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我经常用毯子裹住我的肩膀，假装我是一个古老的中国公主，”她说。A. celebrating庆祝；B. demanding要求；C. guaranteeing保证；D. pretending假装。根据本句“I often cover my shoulder with a blanket (我经常用毯子裹住我的肩膀)”可知，Urbonya经常用毯子盖住自己的肩膀，假装自己是一个古老的中国公主。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：实现这一梦想的机会出现在2020年。A. achieve达到，取得；B. appreciate欣赏；C. imagine想象；D. establish建立。根据后句“when a TV show had Urbonya visit a hanfu festival. “Hanfu has wide ___7___ and is winning recognition in the world. (一个电视节目让Urbonya去参加汉服节。“汉服具有广泛的吸引力，正在赢得世界的认可)”可知，Urbonya的梦想变为现实。故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一个电视节目让Urbonya去参加汉服节时。“汉服具有广泛的吸引力，正在赢得世界的认可。A. appeal呼吁；B. exposure暴露，接触；C. admiration赞美，欣赏；D. devotion挚爱，忠诚。根据本句“is winning recognition in the world. (正在赢得世界的认可)”可知，汉服具有广泛的吸引力。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有了完整的汉服体验，然后我意识到汉服文化是一种将中国文化带到现代的新方式。A. proposed建议；B. indicated指出；显示；C. realized意识到；D. proved证明。根据本句“hanfu culture is a new-found way to bring Chinese___9___ to the present, ”she said. (汉服文化是一种将中国文化带到现代的新方式)”可知，Urbonya意识到汉服文化是一种将中国文化带到现代的新方式。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有了完整的汉服体验，然后我意识到汉服文化是一种将中国文化带到现代的新方式。A. faith信念；B. history历史；C. values价值；D. virtues美德。根据上句“Hanfu has wide ___7___ and is winning recognition in the world (汉服具有广泛的吸引力)”汉服是中国悠久的历史文化的代表，可知，汉服文化是一种将中国文化带到现代的新方式。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她回忆说，10年前上大学时，穿汉服是很少见的事，她只能买定制的汉服。A. memorized记住；B. declared宣布，声明；C. reminded提醒；D. recalled回忆。根据本句“10 years ago when she was in college (10年前她上大学时)”可知，这是她回忆十年前的事情。故选D。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她回忆说，10年前上大学时，穿汉服是很少见的事，她只能买定制的汉服。A. popular流行的；B. rare少见的；C. desirable令人向往的；D. crucial重要的。根据后文“she could only buy custom-made hanfu”只能买定制的汉服说明当时很少见。故选B。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“如果我穿着汉服走在街上，人们可能会好奇地问，为什么这个外国人穿着古装走在街上？”A. ridiculously可笑地；荒谬地；B. seriously严肃地；C. casually随意地；D. curiously好奇地。根据本句“Why is this foreigner wearing an ancient outfit on the street?(为什么这个外国人穿着古装走在街上？)”可知，人们对于Urbonya穿汉服的事情很好奇。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，她已经把汉服融入了自己的日常穿着，并且可以在网上购买不同风格的汉服。A. folded折叠；B. included包含；C. replaced代替；D. created创造。根据本句“in her everyday wear (自己的日常穿着)”可知，现在她已经把汉服融入了自己的日常穿着。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，她已经把汉服融入了自己的日常穿着，并且可以在网上购买不同风格的汉服。A. ranges范围；B. models模型；模式；C. sizes尺寸；D. styles风格。根据“purchase (购买)”以及“online (在网上)”可知，Urbonya可以在网上购买不同风格的汉服。故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我很高兴能成为一名汉服文化爱好者，我希望能让中国以外的人更容易接触到汉服。”A. reliable可靠的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. accessible可接近的；D. reasonable合理的。根据本句“those outside of China (中国以外的人)”可知，Urbonya希望能让中国以外的人更容易接触到汉服。故选C。 3.（2025·上海·一模）Artificial intelligence (AI) is commonly used to make predictions from datasets, but this typically requires creating a 1 model for each task. Hollmann et all have developed a solution — a foundation model — that 2 applying machine learning across different tasks without task-specific training. This development could streamline prediction tasks, such as predicting patient deterioration in hospitals. In a typical tabular machine learning scenario, a hospital uses a 3 to track patient information, such as age, blood-oxygen level, and vital signs, with the last column indicating if a patient’s condition 4 . A model is then trained on this data to predict risk. 5 , you need to train multiple models for different tasks, which is time-consuming. With a foundation model like TabPFN, you can immediately use any dataset to make 6 without training a new model each time. Foundation models, like TabPFN, are 7 and can be applied across many tasks, similar to tools like ChatGPT and Stable Diffusion. These models reduce the effort and time required for machine learning tasks, 8 faster deployment of AI solutions in healthcare, finance, and more. TabPFN has several key advantages: it can handle new datasets quickly, making predictions in 9 of a second without training. It also deals well with issues like missing values and outliers and performs excellently on datasets with up to 10,000 rows and 500 columns. To overcome the challenge of limited real-world data, TabPFN was pre-trained on 100 million randomly generated data table that 10 real data’s statistical properties. This allowed it to learn general patterns without relying on actual datasets. Even if predictions can be made in less than a second, TabPFN is not 11 challenges. It is a “black box,” so users cannot easily understand how it makes predictions. It may also 12 with very large datasets, particularly those with over 10,000 rows and 500 columns. As the first model of its kind, its full 13 and limitations are still being explored. Despite these challenges, TabPFN could mark the beginning of a 14 in tabular machine learning. Data scientists may soon use foundation models like TabPFN to handle much of the heavy lifting, opening the door for faster, more efficient machine learning applications, similar to the 15 impact of large language models on natural language processing. 1．A．unique B．complex C．typical D．temporary 2．A．complicates B．simplifies C．restricts D．blocks 3．A．diagram B．chart C．graph D．table 4．A．worsened B．expanded C．evolved D．decreased 5．A．Occasionally B．Similarly C．Traditionally D．Typically 6．A．assumptions B．predictions C．evaluations D．preparations 7．A．flexible B．systematic C．trained D．approachable 8．A．providing B．improving C．gaining D．enabling 9．A．transitions B．microseconds C．durations D．fractions 10．A．represent B．ignore C．imitate D．reject 11．A．faced with B．free from C．striving for D．combined with 12．A．benefit B．enhance C．struggle D．lengthen 13．A．schemes B．potentials C．outputs D．intentions 14．A．decline B．charge C．shift D．modification 15．A．harmful B．gradual C．insignificant D．transformative 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新开发了一种名为TabPFN的人工智能模型，简化了机器学习在不同任务之间的应用，而无需特定任务的训练。介绍了其工作原理以及存在的挑战。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人工智能（AI）通常用于从数据集进行预测，但这通常需要为每个任务创建一个唯一的模型。A. unique唯一的，独特的；B. complex复杂的；C. typical典型的；D. temporary暂时的。根据后文“Hollmann et all have developed a solution — a foundation model”可知，可以开发一个基础模型，说明AI通常需要为每个任务创建一个唯一的模型。故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hollmann等人开发了一个解决方案——一个基础模型，它简化了机器学习在不同任务之间的应用，而无需特定任务的训练。A. complicates使复杂；B. simplifies简化；C. restricts约束；D. blocks阻塞。根据上文“a foundation model”可知，是基础模型说明简化了机器学习在不同任务之间的应用，而无需特定任务的训练。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在典型的表格式机器学习场景中，医院使用数据表来跟踪患者信息，如年龄、血氧水平和生命体征，最后一列表明患者的病情是否恶化。A. diagram图表，图解；B. chart曲线图；C. graph曲线图；D. table一览表。根据后文“with the last column”可知，指医院使用的是数据表。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在典型的表格式机器学习场景中，医院使用数据表来跟踪患者信息，如年龄、血氧水平和生命体征，最后一列表明患者的病情是否恶化。A. worsened恶化；B. expanded扩大；C. evolved形成；D. decreased减少。根据上文“to track patient information, such as age, blood-oxygen level, and vital signs, with the last column indicating if a patient’s condition”可知，显示这些信息是为了查看患者的病情是否恶化。故选A。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：传统上，你需要为不同的任务训练多个模型，这非常耗时。A. Occasionally偶尔；B. Similarly相似地；C. Traditionally传统地；D. Typically典型地。根据后文“you need to train multiple models for different tasks, which is time-consuming.(你需要为不同的任务训练多个模型，这非常耗时)”以及下文“With a foundation model like TabPFN”新模型进行了对比，说明本句是在说明传统方法的特点，故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：使用像TabPFN这样的基础模型，你可以立即使用任何数据集进行预测，而无需每次都训练新模型。A. assumptions假设；B. predictions预测；C. evaluations评估；D. preparations准备。根据上文“This development could streamline prediction tasks, such as predicting patient deterioration in hospitals.(这一发展可以简化预测任务，比如预测医院里病人的病情恶化)”可知，此处指可以立即使用任何数据集进行预测，故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像TabPFN这样的基础模型是灵活的，可以应用于许多任务，类似于ChatGPT和Stable Diffusion这样的工具。A. flexible灵活的；B. systematic系统的；C. trained训练过的；D. approachable平易近人的。根据后文“can be applied across many tasks”可知，可以应用于许多任务说明灵活。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些模型减少了机器学习任务所需的工作量和时间，从而能够更快地在医疗保健、金融等领域部署人工智能解决方案。A. providing提供；B. improving改善；C. gaining获得；D. enabling使能够。根据后文“faster deployment of AI solutions in healthcare, finance, and more”可知，这些模型减少了机器学习任务所需的工作量和时间，从而能够更快地在医疗保健、金融等领域部署人工智能解决方案。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：TabPFN有几个关键优势：它可以快速处理新的数据集，无需训练就能在几分之一秒内做出预测。A. transitions过渡；B. microseconds微秒；C. durations期间；D. fractions片段，分数。根据上文“it can handle new datasets quickly, making predictions in”可知，TabPFN可以快速处理新的数据集，即在几分之一秒内做出预测。短语in fractions of表示“以几分之一”。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了克服有限的真实数据的挑战，TabPFN在1亿个随机生成的数据表上进行预训练，这些数据表模仿真实数据的统计特性。A. represent代表；B. ignore忽视；C. imitate模仿；D. reject拒绝。根据上文“TabPFN was pre-trained on 100 million randomly generated data table that”可知，可以进行预训练，说明这些数据表模仿真实数据的统计特性。故选C。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使预测可以在不到一秒的时间内完成，TabPFN也不是没有挑战。A. faced with面对；B. free from释放；C. striving for为……而努力；D. combined with与……结合。根据上文“Even if predictions can be made in less than a second”中even if引导让步状语从句，表示转折，说明虽然速度很快，但TabPFN也不是没有挑战。短语be free from表示“免于”。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它也可能难以处理非常大的数据集，特别是那些超过10,000行和500列的数据集。A. benefit受益；B. enhance加强；C. struggle努力；D. lengthen延长。根据上文提到TabPFN也不是没有挑战以及后文“with very large datasets, particularly those with over 10,000 rows and 500 columns”可知，TabPFN可能难以处理非常大的数据集，特别是那些超过10,000行和500列的数据集。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为这种模式的第一种，它的全部潜力和局限性仍在探索中。A. schemes方案；B. potentials潜能；C. outputs输出；D. intentions意图。根据后文“and limitations are still being explored”指其全部潜力和局限性仍在探索中。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在这些挑战，TabPFN可能标志着表格机器学习转变的开始。A. decline下降；B. charge电量；C. shift转变；D. modification修改。根据上文“This development could streamline prediction tasks, such as predicting patient deterioration in hospitals.(这一发展可以简化预测任务，比如预测医院里病人的病情恶化)”可知，TabPFN可能标志着表格机器学习转变的开始。故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数据科学家可能很快就会使用像TabPFN这样的基础模型来处理大部分繁重的工作，为更快、更高效的机器学习应用打开大门，类似于大型语言模型对自然语言处理的变革性影响。A. harmful有害的；B. gradual逐渐的；C. insignificant微不足道的；D. transformative有改革作用的。根据上文“Data scientists may soon use foundation models like TabPFN to handle much of the heavy lifting, opening the door for faster, more efficient machine learning applications”可知，数据科学家可能很快就会使用像TabPFN这样的基础模型来处理大部分繁重的工作，为更快、更高效的机器学习应用打开大门，即有变革性影响的影响，类似于大型语言模型。故选D。 4.（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）The 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala’s four sub-venues added a special taste to the event. Each sub-venue, with its own 1 features, brought a unique part of Chinese culture to the forefront. Wuhan, a city with a long history, 2 a combination of traditional and modern elements. The Yellow Crane Tower, an ancient 3 provided a magnificent backdrop for the shows. Han embroidery, with its 4 stitches, was displayed on stage, 5 the city’s long-standing craftsmanship. Chongqing, famous for its 6 mountain-city scenery, built a stage by the Yangtze River. The electric Sichuan opera, especially its face-changing act, greatly 7 the audience. The introduction of Chongqing hot-pot, a symbol of local food culture, 8 the city’s unique charm. Wuxi, with its beautiful waterways and classical gardens, 9 a peaceful and elegant scene. The Huai opera, with its 10 melodies, filled the air. Local artisans’ delicate clay figurines, 11 with great care, were 12 for all to see. Lhasa, the holy city on the Tibetan Plateau, 13 a sense of solemnity. Against the backdrop of the Potala Palace, Tibetan dancers in colorful costumes performed traditional dances. Monks chanted scriptures, adding a 14 of religious solemnity. The display of Thangka paintings, filled with deep religious meaning, 15 the profound Tibetan culture. 1. A．common B．distinct C．similar D．regular 2. A．showed B．hid C．avoided D．denied 3. A．symbol B．reserve C．singal D．landmark 4. A．rough B．simple C．delicate D．thick 5. A．forgetting B．remembering C．demonstrating D．questioning 6. A．unique B．dull C．plain D．boring 7. A．gentle B．quiet C．calm D．energetic 8. A．weakened B．questioned C．strengthened D．doubted 9. A．presented B．hid C．avoided D．denied 10. A．loud B．soft C．noisy D．harsh 11. A．made B．bought C．sold D．borrowed 12. A．hidden B．stored C．displayed D．kept 13. A．brought B．took C．carried D．fetched 14. A．bit B．part C．piece D．touch 15. A．revealed B．rejected C．remembered D．removed 【答案】 1．B 2．A 4．D 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2025年央视春晚的四个分会场及其各自的特点。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个分会场都有自己截然不同的特色，将中国文化的独特部分带到最前沿。A. common常见的，一般的；B. distinct截然不同的，有区别的；C. similar相似的；D. regular定期的，规律的。根据后文“brought a unique part of Chinese culture to the forefront(将中国文化的独特部分带到了最前沿)”可推知，央视春晚分会场都有其独特的部分，即，截然不同的地方。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：武汉这座历史悠久的城市展现了传统与现代的结合。A. showed说明，展示；B. hid隐藏，躲藏；C. avoided避免；D. denied否认。根据后文“a combination of traditional and modern elements(传统与现代元素的结合)”可推知，传统与现代的结合是武汉这座城市展现出来的。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：黄鹤楼，一个古老的地标为演出提供了壮丽的背景。A. symbol象征，符号；B. reserve储藏，保护区；C. signal信号；D. landmark地标，里程碑。根据前文“The Yellow Crane Tower(黄鹤楼)”并结合常识可知，黄鹤楼是武汉的地标性建筑。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：舞台上展示了绣法精致的汉绣，展示了这座城市悠久的工艺。A. rough粗糙的，粗略的；B. simple简单的；C. delicate精美的，精巧的；D. thick厚的，稠密的。根据前文“Han embroidery(汉绣)”以及空后的“stitches(针法)”可推知，这里讲述汉服刺绣精巧的针法。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：舞台上展示了绣法精致的汉绣，展示了这座城市悠久的工艺。A. forgetting忘记，遗忘；B. remembering记住，记忆；C. demonstrating证明，证实；D. questioning询问，提问。根据前文“Han embroidery, with its  ____4___ stitches, was displayed on stage(舞台上展示了绣法精巧的汉绣)”可推知，这些刺绣证明了这座城市悠久的技艺。故选C项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：重庆以其独特的山城风光而闻名，在长江边建造了一个舞台。A. unique独一无二的；B. dull无聊的；C. plain清楚的；D. boring无聊的。根据后文“mountain-city scenery(山城风景)”可知，“山城”是重庆的独特之处。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：电光溢彩的川剧，尤其是变脸的表演，给观众带来了极大的活力。A. gentle使（或变）温柔，（使）平静，驯服；B. quiet使平静，平息；C. calm使镇静，冷静下来；D. energetic使充满活力，精力充沛。根据前文“The electric Sichuan opera, especially its face-changing act(电光溢彩的川剧，尤其是变脸表演)”可知，川剧的表演富有激情和热情，让人充满活力。故选D项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为当地饮食文化象征的重庆火锅的引入，增强了这座城市的独特魅力。A. weakened削弱，使虚弱；B. questioned询问；C. strengthened增强，巩固；D. doubted怀疑。根据前文“The introduction of Chongqing hot-pot, a symbol of local food culture(当地饮食文化的特色重庆火锅的介绍)”可推知，重庆火锅作为当地的特色饮食，应是使得这个城市的吸引力得到进一步增强。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无锡有着美丽的水道和古典的园林，呈现出一幅宁静而优雅的景象。A. presented颁发，呈现；B. hid躲藏；C. avoided避免；D. denied否认。根据后文“a peaceful and elegant scene(一种宁静优雅的景象)”可推知，这里表达的应是“呈现了宁静而优雅的景象”。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：淮剧以其轻柔的旋律弥漫在空气中。A. loud喧闹的，大声的；B. soft柔和的，轻柔的；C. noisy吵闹的；D. harsh残酷的，严厉的。根据前文“The Huai opera(淮剧)”以及后文“melodies(旋律)”并结合常识可知，淮剧旋律轻柔。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地工匠精心制作的精致泥人向所有人展示。A. made制造，使让；B. bought买，购买；C. sold售卖；D. borrowed借来。根据前文“Local artisans’ delicate clay figurines(当地工匠制作的精致泥塑)”可推知，泥塑是精心制作的。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地工匠精心制作的精致泥人向所有人展示。A. hidden躲藏，隐藏；B. stored存储，保存；C. displayed展示，展览；D. kept保持。根据主语“Local artisans’ delicate clay figurines(当地工匠制作的精致泥塑)”可知，泥塑被展出给人看。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉萨，青藏高原上的圣城，具有一种庄严肃穆的感觉。A. brought带来，引起；B. took拿走，花费；C. carried携带，具有；D. fetched去取。根据后文“a sense of solemnity(庄严的感觉)”可知，庄严是拉萨具有的特点。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：僧侣们诵经，增添了一丝宗教的庄严。A. bit小量，小块；B. part部分，零件；C. piece张，块，片；D. touch触觉，一点。根据前文“Monks chanted scriptures(僧侣们诵经)”可知，僧侣们诵经给这里增添了一点宗教的仪式感。“a touch of”有“一点，一丝”含义。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：唐卡画的展出，充满了深厚的宗教意义，揭示了深厚的藏族文化。A. revealed透露，显示；B. rejected拒绝，不同意；C. remembered记住，记忆；D. removed移开，去除。根据前文“The display of Thangka paintings, filled with deep religious meaning(唐卡画的展示，充满了深刻的宗教意义)”可知，唐卡画显示了藏族文化中独具特色的艺术形式。故选A项。 5.（24-25高三上·河南信阳·阶段练习）Lottie Mills, a student at the University of Cambridge, won the BBC Young Writers’ Award and she was congratulated for her 1 “The Changeling” at the virtual award ceremony. It was an inspiring story. Upset about how difference is described in some novels, particularly when it comes to disability, Lottie was inspired by “otherhood” (另类教育) and aimed to advocate a 2 state of mind. “The Changeling” transformed a myth (神话) into a magical and wonderful tale of a girl’s powerful 3 . Lotti e said, “As a disabled person, my stories quite often focus on ideas of otherhood, based on characters who are 4 by their society in some way or another.” She felt a strong 5 to challenge these social standards through her writing. “I had been researching fairy-related myths for a university essay and when I came across the idea of “changeling”, it really 6 in my mind. I really wanted to write a story which would show the 7 of disabled people, rather than describe them as disadvantaged.” Her determination to 8 that description was firm. Now Lottie is writing her first novel, a children’ s book. Knowing how 9 the right story can be, she desires to become an author, hoping to 10 young readers with her tales. Lotti e won fierce competition over four finalists. Kate Thistleton, BBC Radio RI presenter and one of the Young Writers’ Award judges, said, “We were 11 by ‘The Changeling’. It’ s simply beautiful. I love the way it uses fairy myth to tell a story from difference and disability to 12 . I’m so happy Lottie won and is considering a job as an author after being 13 by the Young Writers’ Award.” Her win is a 14 for all ambitious writers, especially those who, like Lottie, may feel like 15 in society.” 1．A．report B．essay C．poem D．work 2．A．neutral B．negative C．positive D．passive 3．A．growth B．balance C．habit D．hobby 4．A．accepted B．welcomed C．supported D．deserted 5．A．fear B．hesitation C．responsibility D．agreement 6．A．stuck B．disappeared C．occurred D．hurt 7．A．weaknesses B．disabilities C．advantages D．nervousness 8．A．promote B．change C．maintain D．ignore 9．A．life-saving B．life-threatening C．life-disturbing D．life-changing 0．A．inspire B．entertain C．annoy D．challenge 11．A．taken B．carried C．impressed D．refused 12．A．willingness B．rejection C．complaint D．acceptance 13．A．confused B．motivated C．discouraged D．disappointed 14．A．routine B．model C．task D．loss 15．A．outsiders B．insiders C．pioneers D．leaders 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学的学生Lottie Mills获得了BBC青年作家奖，在网上颁奖典礼上，她凭借《The Changeling》获得了人们的祝贺。文章介绍了她创造这本小说的灵感来源以及评委对她和这部小说的评价。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：剑桥大学的学生洛蒂·米尔斯获得了BBC青年作家奖，她的作品《The Changeling》在虚拟颁奖典礼上获得了祝贺。A. report报告；B. essay论文；C. poem诗歌；D. work作品。根据上文“Lottie Mills, a student at the University of Cambridge, won the BBC Young Writers’ Award”以及后文“It was an inspiring story.(这是一个鼓舞人心的故事)”可知，《The Changeling》是她的作品，她因此获奖。故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：洛蒂对一些小说中对差异的描述感到不安，尤其是当涉及到残疾时，她受到“他人”的启发，旨在倡导一种积极的心态。A. neutral中立的；B. negative消极的；C. positive积极的；D. passive被动的。根据上文“It was an inspiring story.(这是一个鼓舞人心的故事)”可知，她倡导积极的心态。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《The Changeling》将一个神话变成了一个女孩强大成长的神奇而精彩的故事。A. growth成长；B. balance平衡；C. habit爱好；D. hobby爱好。根据上文““The Changeling” transformed a myth into a magical and wonderful tale of a girl’s powerful”可知，这里指这部作品将一个神话变成了一个女孩强大成长的神奇而精彩的故事。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：洛蒂说：“作为一个残疾人，我的故事经常关注他人的想法，基于那些被社会以这样或那样的方式抛弃的人物。”A. accepted接受；B. welcomed欢迎；C. supported支持；D. deserted抛弃。根据上文“As a disabled person”和“by their society in some way or another”可知，她作为一个残疾人，关注的也是被社会抛弃的人物。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她感到有强烈的责任通过她的写作来挑战这些社会标准。A. fear恐惧；B. hesitation犹豫；C. responsibility责任；D. agreement协议。根据后文“of disabled people, rather than describe them as disadvantaged”可知，她想要展示残疾人的优势，而不是把他们描述成弱势群体，因为她感到有强烈的责任通过她的写作来挑战这些社会标准。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“为了写一篇大学论文，我一直在研究与童话有关的神话，当我偶然发现‘低能者’这个概念时，它就在我脑海里挥之不去。A. stuck打击；B. disappeared消失；C. occurred发生；D. hurt伤害。根据上文“the idea of “changeling”, it really”以及后文“in my mind”可知，这里指某人突然想到某事，应用动词strike。故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我真的很想写一个故事，展示残疾人的优势，而不是把他们描述成弱势群体。A. weaknesses弱点；B. disabilities残疾；C. advantages优点；D. nervousness紧张。根据后文“of disabled people, rather than describe them as disadvantaged”可知，故事展示残疾人的优势，而不是把他们描述成弱势群体。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她改变这种描述的决心是坚定的。A. promote促进；B. change改变；C. maintain维持；D. ignore忽视。根据上文“of disabled people, rather than describe them as disadvantaged”以及后文“that description was firm”可知，她改变这种描述的决心是坚定的。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她知道正确的故事可以改变人生，她渴望成为一名作家，希望用她的故事激励年轻读者。A. life-saving拯救生命的；B. life-threatening威胁生命的；C. life-disturbing生活令人不安的；D. life-changing改变人生的。根据上文“It was an inspiring story.(这是一个鼓舞人心的故事)”以及后文“the right story can be”可知，正确的故事可以改变人生。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她知道正确的故事可以改变人生，她渴望成为一名作家，希望用她的故事激励年轻读者。A. inspire鼓舞，激励；B. entertain娱乐；C. annoy惹恼；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“she desires to become an author, hoping to”可知，她渴望成为一名作家，希望用她的故事激励年轻读者。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：英国广播公司电台RI节目主持人、青年作家奖评委之一凯特·西斯尔顿说：“《低能者》给我们留下了深刻的印象。”A. taken带走；B. carried携带；C. impressed使印象深刻；D. refused拒绝。根据后文“It’ s simply beautiful. I love the way it uses fairy myth to tell a story from difference and disability to”可知，故事给他们留下了深刻印象。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢它用童话故事的方式来讲述从差异和残疾到接受的故事。A. willingness愿意；B. rejection拒绝；C. complaint投诉；D. acceptance接受。根据上文以及“I love the way it uses fairy myth to tell a story from difference and disability to”可知，这是一个鼓舞人心的故事，所以讲述的是从差异和残疾到接受的故事。故选D。 13．考查激励词义辨析。句意：我很高兴洛蒂获奖，并且在受到青年作家奖的激励后，她正在考虑成为一名作家。A. confused使困惑；B. motivated激励；C. discouraged使沮丧；D. disappointed使失望。根据上文“Lottie won and is considering a job as an author after being”可知，这里指受到青年作家奖的激励后，她正在考虑成为一名作家。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的获奖为所有雄心勃勃的作家树立了榜样，尤其是那些像洛蒂一样在社会中感觉自己是局外人的作家。A. routine常规；B. model榜样，模型；C. task任务；D. loss损失。根据后文“for all ambitious writers”可知，她为其他作家树立了榜样。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的获奖为所有雄心勃勃的作家树立了榜样，尤其是那些像洛蒂一样在社会中感觉自己是局外人的作家。A. outsiders局外人；B. insiders内部人员；C. pioneers先锋；D. leaders领导。根据上文“As a disabled person”、“by their society in some way or another”可知，洛蒂是残疾人，被社会抛弃，而她的获奖为所有雄心勃勃的作家树立了榜样，尤其是那些像洛蒂一样在社会中感觉自己是局外人的作家。故选A。 6.（24-25高三上·辽宁·期末）How to Avoid Raising a Spoiled Child In the now classic scene from the movie Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, a little girl stamps her foot and 1 , “I want an Oompa Loompa now! ” as her father hurries to get her one. The more everyday version is that the child loses 2 at the grocery checkout line, stamping and yelling to get candy. Other customers shake their heads or 3 their eyes as they watch the 4 parent grab a candy bar off the shelf and hand it to the child. We can call such behavior 5 , over loved or entitled. Whatever the term, children who learn that their tantrums (发怒) and demands can get them what they want can 6 not only running the family as teens but also struggling in their relationships as 7 . Believing the world moves around them leaves others seeing them as self-centered, demanding and 8 of others. They are often in 9 at work, and their home life creates constant conflicts or leaves everyone walking on 10 . So, how do we avoid raising a spoiled child? Carrots are always better than sticks. The rule of 11 is to take action and be as non-emotional as possible when you need to set limits. And when your child doesn’t have a tantrum at the checkout, when she is acting 12 , it’s time to get out the balloons and confetti (五彩纸屑). The danger with always 13 and providing little reward is that the child learns to seek 14 attention, which for a child is better than no attention at all. Building in 15 quality time half an hour before bedtime or a(n) weekend outing with a teen does the same magic. 1．A．smiles B．whispers C．speaks D．screams 2．A．money B．interest C．heart D．temper 3．A．roll B．narrow C．close D．focus 4．A．sorrowful B．exited C．annoyed D．frightening 5．A．violent B．spoiled C．serious D．panicked 6．A．rely on B．go on C．end up D．take up 7．A．children B．adults C．juniors D．seniors 8．A．inconsiderate B．thoughtful C．supportive D．ashamed 9．A．danger B．debt C．trouble D．confusion 10．A．eggshells B．grounds C．nuts D．carpets 11．A．arm B．heart C．thumb D．eye 12．A．poorly B．appropriately C．rudely D．successfully 13．A．praising B．blaming C．comforting D．distancing 14．A．objective B．immediate C．further D．negative 15．A．experimental B．accidental C．sudden D．regular 【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了父母如何避免养育出一个被宠坏的孩子。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在电影《威利旺卡和巧克力工厂》中的经典场景中，一个小女孩跺着脚尖叫：“我现在要一个奥柏伦柏！”她的父亲赶紧给她买了一个。A. smiles微笑；B. whispers耳语；C. speaks说话；D. screams尖叫。根据上文“stamps her foot (跺脚)”可知，孩子跺着脚尖叫着。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更日常的版本是孩子在杂货店结账时发脾气，跺着脚大喊着要糖果。A. money金钱；B. interest兴趣；C. heart心脏；D. temper坏脾气。根据下文“stamping and yelling to get candy.”可知，孩子在公众场所发脾气，lose temper意为“发脾气”。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他顾客看着恼火的父母从货架上拿下一块糖果递给孩子，都摇头或翻白眼。A. roll翻滚；B. narrow缩小；C. close关闭；D. focus聚焦。根据“shake their heads”可知，其他顾客对父母纵容表现出“翻白眼”的不满，roll one’s eyes意为“翻白眼”。故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他顾客看着恼火的父母从货架上拿下一块糖果递给孩子，都摇头或翻白眼。A. sorrowful伤心的；B. exited兴奋的；C. annoyed恼火的；D. frightening可怕的。根据上文“The more everyday version is that the child loses  ___2___  at the grocery checkout line, stamping and yelling to get candy.”可知，父母因为孩子的吵闹而妥协，所以此处表示父母是恼火的。故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种行为可以被称为被宠坏的、被爱过头了或者以自我为中心。A. violent暴力的；B. spoiled被宠坏的；C. serious严重的；D. panicked惊慌的。根据文章主题“Spoiled Child”及下文“how do we avoid raising a spoiled child?”可知，此处指的是“被宠坏的”行为。故选B。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管是什么，如果孩子们知道他们的发脾气和要求可以让他们得到他们想要的东西，那么他们最终不仅影响到家庭的管理，而且会在成年后的人际关系中挣扎。A. rely on依赖；B. go on继续；C. end up最终；D. take up占据。根据下文“not only running the family，可知，他们最终不仅影响到家庭的管理。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管是什么，如果孩子们知道他们的发脾气和要求可以让他们得到他们想要的东西，那么他们最终不仅影响到家庭的管理，而且会在成年后的人际关系中挣扎。A. children儿童；B. adults成年人；C. juniors年少者；D. seniors年长者。根据上文“teens”可知，此处强调在成年后也会挣扎。故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相信世界是绕着他们转的，会让别人认为他们以自我为中心，要求很高，不为别人着想。A. inconsiderate不为他人着想的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. supportive支持的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据句中“self-centered (以自我为中心)”可知，此处表示不考虑别人，不为他人着想。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们经常在工作中遇到麻烦，他们的家庭生活经常产生冲突，或者让每个人都如履薄冰。A. danger危险；B. debt债务；C. trouble麻烦；D. confusion困惑。根据下文“their home life creates constant conflicts”可知，行为不好的孩子在工作中会遇到麻烦。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们经常在工作中遇到麻烦，他们的家庭生活经常产生冲突，或者让每个人都如履薄冰。A. eggshells蛋壳；B. grounds地面；C. nuts坚果；D. carpets地毯。根据上文“They are often in  ___9___  at work, and their home life creates constant conflicts”可知，此处表示让每个人都如履薄冰可知，walking on eggshells意为“如履薄冰”。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经验法则是，当你需要设定限制时，采取行动，尽可能不情绪化。A. arm手臂；B. heart心脏；C. thumb拇指；D. eye眼睛。固定搭配“rule of thumb”表示“经验法则或原则”。故选C。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当你的孩子在结账时没有发脾气，当她表现得体时，是时候拿出气球和五彩纸屑来奖励他们。A. poorly糟糕地；B. appropriately适当地；C. rudely粗鲁地；D. successfully成功地。根据下文“it's time to get out the balloons and confetti (五彩纸屑)”可知，孩子表现得好(适当)时应予以奖励。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总是责备孩子而很少给予奖励的危险在于，孩子会学会寻求负面关注，因为对孩子来说，负面关注也比完全没有关注要好。A. praising表扬；B. blaming批评，指责；C. comforting安慰；D. distancing疏远。结合句意，批评指责会导致负面行为。根据下文“providing little reward”可知，是批评而很少奖励的危险在于，孩子学会寻求负面关注。故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：总是责备孩子而很少给予奖励的危险在于，孩子会学会寻求负面关注，因为对孩子来说，负面关注也比完全没有关注要好。A. objective客观的；B. immediate立即的；C. further进一步的；D. negative消极的，负面。根据下文“which for a child is better than no attention at all”可知，此处表示孩子学会寻求负面关注。故选D 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在睡前半小时建立定期的的优质时间，或者安排一个周末与青少年的外出活动，也能产生同样的效果。A. experimental实验的；B. accidental偶然的；C. sudden突然的；D. regular定期的，有规律的。根据下文“quality time”可知，此处指睡前半小时定期的优质时间。故选D。 7.（24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末）We have been educated that we have a short life, so we’d better 1 as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule. Then, we could lead a fulfilling life. However, sometimes, the more productive we are the more 2 we might be. Be 3 about a phenomenon called the “productivity trap (陷阱)”. Believe it or not, we would do far better to 4 if we are to make the most of our life. Surprisingly, 9 brings anxiety. Consider a basic goal, such as improving your email response. You might think you would be 6 with nothing in your inbox, and reply to each message the moment it comes in. But each email you send brings further 7 and more work to complete. 8 , the messages pile up again. Psychologists suggest trying “have done list”, the 9 of the “to do list”. Instead of starting out 10 each morning, “have done list” fills up with tasks you completed yesterday. It gives you a greater sense of 11 by recording your workload rather than stressing things you have yet to 12 . Avoiding the productivity trap does not mean 13 tasks on purpose or working less efficiently. Instead, it’s about finding a balance between personal efficiency and 14 . It means planning tasks carefully and setting realistic goals, while also giving yourself enough time to 15 after working hard. 1．A．pack B．donate C．believe D．enjoy 2．A．nervous B．stressed C．happy D．successful 3．A．sorry B．cautious C．hopeful D．angry 4．A．cheer up B．go back C．break away D．slow down 5．A．capability B．flexibility C．accuracy D．efficiency 6．A．relieved B．inspired C．bored D．impressed 7．A．goals B．surprises C．replies D．improvements 8．A．Initially B．Ultimately C．Similarly D．Additionally 9．A．future B．outcome C．core D．opposite 10．A．empty B．sleepy C．delightful D．grateful 11．A．timing B．belonging C．commitment D．achievement 12．A．finish B．discover C．assess D．list 13．A．undervaluing B．delaying C．prioritizing D．tracking 14．A．task-expectation B．well-being C．self-achievement D．time-management 15．A．create B．plan C．relax D．reflect 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“生产力陷阱”这一概念，并指出避免陷入该陷阱的方法，即找到个人效率与幸福感之间的平衡，合理规划任务，设定现实目标，并给自己留出放松的时间。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们被教育我们的寿命很短，所以我们最好通过鞭策甚至强迫自己在一个紧凑的时间表上塞进尽可能多的事情。A. pack打包，塞进，挤进；B. donate捐赠；C. believe相信；D. enjoy享受。根据上文“We have been educated that we have a short life”以及后文“as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule”可知，此处指通过鞭策、甚至强迫自己按照紧凑的时间表来尽可能多地做事，即把自己的时间安排得满满当当，塞入尽可能多的事情。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，有时，我们越富有成效，我们可能就越有压力。A. nervous紧张的；B. stressed有压力的；C. happy快乐的；D. successful成功的。根据前文“pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule”以及“ sometimes, the more productive we are”可知，把自己逼到一个紧张的日程上，做的事情越多，越富有成效，但是压力也会更大。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一种叫做“生产力陷阱”的现象要谨慎。A. sorry遗憾的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. angry生气的。根据后文“about a phenomenon called the “productivity trap (陷阱)””可知，作者认为“生产力陷阱”是一个需要谨慎对待的现象。故选B项。 4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：信不信由你，如果我们想要充分利用我们的生命，放慢速度会做得更好。A. cheer up振作起来；B. go back回去；C. break away挣脱，脱离；D. slow down放慢速度。根据前文“we’d better  __1__ as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule.”以及“the “productivity trap(陷阱)””可知，此处是说与之相反的做法，即要放慢速度我们会做更好。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，效率会带来焦虑。A. capability能力；B. flexibility灵活性；C. accuracy准确性；D. efficiency效率。根据前文“we’d better  __1__ as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule. However, sometimes, the more productive we are the more  ___2___ we might be.”以及“a phenomenon called the “productivity trap ( 陷阱 )””可知，前文一直在说的追求高效却陷入陷阱等内容，此处强调效率高不一定都是好的，会引发焦虑。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能会觉得，收件箱里没有东西会让你如释重负，邮件一来就回复。A. relieved放松的，如释重负的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. bored无聊的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据后文“with nothing in your inbox”以及“reply to each message the moment it comes in”可知，收件箱里没有东西，会让人觉得很放松、如释重负。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但你发送的每一封邮件都会带来进一步的回复和更多要完成的工作。A. goals目标；B. surprises惊喜；C. replies回复；D. improvements改进。根据前文“reply to each message the moment it comes in”、后文“and more work to complete”及常识可知，回邮件会带来进一步的回复，以及更多要完成的工作。故选C项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，信息又会堆积起来。A. Initially最初；B. Ultimately最终；C. Similarly相似地；D. Additionally另外。根据前文“But each email you send brings further replies and more work to complete”及后文“the messages pile up again”可知，回复邮件，会带来进一步的回复以及更多要完成的工作，最终邮件又会堆积起来。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家建议尝试“已做清单”，它是“待办事项清单”的对立面。A. future未来；B. outcome结果；C. core核心；D. opposite对立面，相反的人或事物。根据前文“Psychologists suggest trying “have done list””及后文“of the “to do list””可知，心理学家建议尝试“已做清单”，它与“待办事项清单”是相反的概念。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与每天早上都空着手开始不同，“已做清单”会填满你昨天完成的任务。A. empty空的；B. sleepy困倦的；C. delightful令人愉快的；D. grateful感激的。根据后文“each morning, “have done list” fills up with tasks you completed yesterday”可知，与写满昨天你所完成任务的“已做清单”相对比，早上的“待办事项清单”空空如也，等待填写要做的事。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它通过记录你的工作量，而不是强调你尚未完成的事情，给了你更大的成就感。A. timing定时，时机的选择；B. belonging所属；C. commitment承诺；D. achievement成就。根据上文“Psychologists suggest trying “have done list””以及后文“by recording your workload rather than stressing things you have yet to”可知，此处指尝试“任务清单”记录工作量，而不是强调未完成的事情，会有更大的成就感。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它通过记录你的工作量，而不是强调你尚未完成的事情，给了你更大的成就感。A. finish完成；B. discover发现；C. assess评估；D. list列出。根据前文“Psychologists suggest trying “have done list””以及“by recording your workload rather than stressing things you have yet to”可知，此处指记录自己的工作量而不是强调“尚未完成的事情”。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：避免陷入效率陷阱并不意味着故意拖延任务或工作效率低下。A. undervaluing低估；B. delaying拖延；C. prioritizing优先处理；D. tracking追踪。根据后文“or working less efficiently”可知，此处是说避免生产力陷阱并不意味着要做的负面行为，即故意拖延任务或工作效率低下。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，它关乎在个人效率和幸福感之间找到平衡。A. task-expectation任务期望；B. well-being幸福，健康；C. self-achievement自我实现；D. time-management时间管理。根据前文“Avoiding the productivity trap does not mean delaying tasks on purpose or working less efficiently”及后文“It means planning tasks carefully and setting realistic goals”可知，避免效率陷阱不是拖延任务或工作效率低下，而是仔细规划任务，设定现实的目标，这是在个人效率和幸福感之间找到平衡。故选B项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着仔细规划任务，设定现实的目标，同时也给自己足够的时间在努力工作后放松。A. create创造；B. plan计划；C. relax放松；D. reflect反思。根据前文“setting realistic goals”及后文“after working hard”可知，工作后需要放松，体现合理安排中给自己留出放松时间。故选C项。 8.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）In today’s digital age when you can get information in a blink (眨眼睛) of an eye, there is a concern about children losing interest in reading printed books. That’s why communities in Australia have 10 a way to develop a love of books in the younger generations. Street Library Australia, a nonprofit, was 2 by Nick Lowe. After a workshop (研讨会) in 2015 to build 30 libraries, the idea 3 quickly and now there are 4,500 street libraries in Australia. The libraries come in all shapes and 4 from reused doll houses to old kitchen shelves. These libraries are completely voluntary and anyone can 5 one. Pamela Zielke who runs a library called Pam’s Pantry 6 toys and craft (工艺) supplies along with books. As an early childhood educator, she started her library with the goal of rescuing books from the 7 , avoiding having lots of books thrown away. But the libraries are doing much more than just 8 books for people. The street libraries are also building a 9 . Lowe said, “It’s a great way to meet people in your neighborhood who are also book- lovers, 10 books, and find new books.” The libraries also offered puzzles and 11 for kids. They can try some funny games here, like guessing ones. “It was nice to be able to give back, and I felt that 12 my spirit at the time as well,” Lowe shared. These little street libraries provided a valuable 13 in the community. Adults use them to find books on specific hobbies, children are developing a love of reading books, and it is more 14 than going to a faraway bookstore. But even more importantly, with a shared 15 , the libraries are bringing communities closer together. 1．A．given way to B．come up with C．looked down upon D．looked forward to 2．A．awarded B．needed C．doubted D．established 3．A．spread B．changed C．failed D．ended 4．A．sizes B．heights C．types D．levels 5．A．afford B．visit C．start D．find 6．A．searches for B．applies for C．gives out D．figures out 7．A．trade B．waste C．danger D．loss 8．A．selling B．recommending C．printing D．providing 9．A．community B．company C．country D．city 10．A．hide B．borrow C．write D．recycle 11．A．prizes B．games C．food D．money 12．A．lifted B．awakened C．broke D．showed 13．A．lesson B．help C．service D．plan 14．A．successful B．convenient C．peaceful D．difficult 15．A．resource B．future C．interest D．pleasure 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了澳大利亚的街道图书馆（Street Library Australia）。在数字时代，为培养年轻一代对纸质书的热爱，澳大利亚社区推出了街道图书馆这一举措。该项目由尼克·洛创立，如今发展迅速，形式多样，不仅避免了书籍浪费，还为人们提供了书籍，促进了社区交流，拉近了社区成员之间的距离。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这就是为什么澳大利亚的社区想出了一种方法来培养年轻一代对书籍的热爱。A. given way to让步于；B. come up with想出，提出；C. looked down upon看不起；D. looked forward to期待。根据上文“there is a concern about children losing interest in reading printed books”提到在数字时代孩子对纸质书失去兴趣的担忧，以及下文介绍的街道图书馆这一举措，可知这里是说澳大利亚的社区“想出”了一种培养年轻一代对书籍热爱的方法。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：澳大利亚街头图书馆是一家非营利组织，由尼克·洛创立。A. awarded授予；  B. needed需要；C. doubted怀疑；D. established建立。根据上文“Street Library Australia, a nonprofit”以及下文“by Nick Lowe”可知，这里说的是澳大利亚街道图书馆这个非营利组织是由尼克・洛“建立”的。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2015年的一次建造30个图书馆的研讨会之后，这个想法迅速传播开来，现在澳大利亚有4500个街道图书馆。A. spread传播；B. changed改变；C. failed失败；D. ended结束。根据上文“After a workshop (研讨会) in 2015 to build 30 libraries”以及下文“now there are 4,500 street libraries in Australia”可知，从2015年建立 30 个图书馆到现在有4500个，说明这个想法“传播”得很快。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：图书馆有各种形状和大小，从重复使用的娃娃屋到旧的厨房书架。A. sizes大小；B. heights高度；C. types种类；D. levels水平。根据下文“from reused doll houses to old kitchen shelves”可知，图书馆的形状和“大小”各不相同，从重新利用的玩具屋到旧厨房架子。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些图书馆完全是自愿的，任何人都可以建立一个。A. afford负担得起；B. visit参观；C. start创办，开始；D. find找到。根据上文“The libraries are completely voluntary”可知，这些图书馆完全是自愿的，所以任何人都可以“创办”一个。故选C项。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：帕梅拉・齐尔克经营着一家名为Pam’s Pantry的图书馆，除了书籍外，她还发放玩具和工艺品。A. searches for寻找；B. applies for申请；C. gives out分发；D. figures out弄清楚。根据“Pamela Zielke who runs a library called Pam’s Pantry...toys and craft (工艺) supplies along with books”可知，帕梅拉・齐尔克经营着一个图书馆，她除了提供书籍还“分发”玩具和工艺用品。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名幼儿教育工作者，她建立图书馆的目的是将书籍从废物中拯救出来，避免大量的书籍被丢弃。A. trade贸易；B. waste浪费；C. danger危险；D. loss损失。根据下文“avoiding having lots of books thrown away”可知，她创办图书馆的目的是把书从“浪费”中拯救出来，避免大量书籍被扔掉。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是图书馆所做的远不止是为人们提供书籍。A. selling销售；B. recommending推荐；C. printing印刷；D. providing提供。根据上文提到的图书馆提供书籍等，可知这里说的是这些图书馆不仅仅是为人们“提供”书籍。故选D项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：街道图书馆也在建设一个社区。A. community 社区；B. company公司；C. country国家；D. city城市。根据后文“Lowe said, “It’s a great way to meet people in your neighborhood who are also book- lovers”可知，街道图书馆也是在建立一个“社区”，让邻居们有机会交流。故选A项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：洛说：“这是一个很好的方式，可以让你认识你的邻居，他们也是爱书的人，可以回收书籍，还可以找到新书。”A. hide隐藏；B. borrow借；    C. write写；D. recycle回收。根据上文“avoiding having lots of books thrown away”提到避免大量的书籍被丢弃，可知，街道图书馆可以回收书籍，还可以找到新书。故选D项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：图书馆还为孩子们提供谜题和游戏。A. prizes奖品；B. games游戏；C. food食物；D. money金钱。根据后文“They can try some funny games here, like guessing ones.”可知，图书馆还为孩子们提供了谜题和“游戏”。故选B项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：洛分享道：“能够回馈社会真是太好了，我觉得这也让我的精神振作了起来。”A. lifted 提升；B. awakened唤醒；C. broke打破；D. showed展示。根据上文“It was nice to be able to give back”可知，能够回馈社会很好，这也“提升”了他当时的精神状态。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些街边的小图书馆为社区提供了宝贵的服务。A. lesson课程；B. help帮助；C. service服务；D. plan计划。根据上文街道图书馆的各种功能，如提供书籍、促进交流等，可知这些小街道图书馆在社区提供了有价值的“服务”。故选C项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：成年人用它们来寻找特定爱好的书籍，孩子们正在培养对读书的热爱，这比去很远的书店更方便。A. successful成功的；B. convenient方便的；C. peaceful和平的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“than going to a faraway bookstore”可知，和去遥远的书店相比，在街道图书馆更“方便”。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但更重要的是，有了共同的兴趣，图书馆拉近了社区的距离。A. resource资源；B. future未来；C. interest兴趣；D. pleasure快乐。根据下文“the libraries are bringing communities closer together”以及上文提到的书迷交流等内容可知，因为有共同的“兴趣”（对书籍的热爱），图书馆让社区成员之间的关系更紧密。故选C项。 9.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Today’s children are growing up in a small world. They 1 with people from different cultures on a daily basis. Quality literature and technology expose them to diverse voices and develop their cultural awareness. Priya Kumari is an award- winning author. She remembers a childhood filled with 2 hours spent in her father’s bookstore. The stories in the picture books brought about lots of laughter and 3 her right and wrong. After Kumari became a mother, she 4 great importance to her children's education. She 5 to offer the wisdom learned from the books to the next generation. “Books provide a 6 into other cultures,” she says. In Kumari’s opinion, discussing cultural awareness has to start 7 . The younger children are, the 8 it is to internalize (内化) these values. “The best way to lay a foundation for global awareness is through fun and related 9 such as foods, games, animals, music, and festivals,” she suggests. “If you can 10 trips, by all means, travel around! However, you have 11 to the entire world through quality literature and your computer. ” Written words are 12 and readers can get strength from them. It is important that the books for children must be free of 13 and misinformation. This is the basis for 14 understanding of other people and opinions. The books for children must allow readers to look into their own minds and 15 their feelings. A good book gives readers the chance to grow and develop as well as the improvement of cultural awareness. 1．A．argue B．communicate C．discuss D．compete 2．A．busy B．happy C．hard D．quiet 3．A．discovered B．prepared C．gave D．taught 4．A．attaches B．shows C．puts D．knows 5．A．refused B．pretended C．longed D．agreed 6．A．roof B．car C．ship D．window 7．A．early B．fully C．suddenly D．clearly 8．A．cheaper B．slower C．easier D．worse 9．A．ideas B．activities C．stories D．topics 10．A．book B．afford C．organize D．plan 11．A．access B．hope C．answers D．tickets 12．A．cheerful B．meaningful C．powerful D．useful 13．A．words B．mistakes C．pictures D．covers 14．A．children’s B．teachers’ C．writers’ D．parents’ 15．A．find B．stand C．forget D．examine 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述高质量的文学和技术能使孩子接触到不同的声音，并培养他们的文化意识，因此儿童读物必须能让读者洞察自己的思想，审视自己的情感。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们每天都与来自不同文化背景的人交流。A. argue争论；B. communicate沟通交流；C. discuss讨论；D. compete竞争。根据上文“Today’s children are growing up in a small world.”可知，孩子们现在生活的世界很小，可以与不同的人沟通交流。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她记得在父亲的书店里度过的充满快乐时光的童年。A. busy繁忙的；B. happy开心幸福的；C. hard艰难的；D. quiet安静的。根据下文“The stories in the picture books brought about lots of laughter”可知，这些绘本书给Priya Kumari带来欢笑，因此Priya Kumari的童年是充满幸福的时刻。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：绘本里的故事给她带来了很多欢笑，教会了她对与错。A. discovered发现；B. prepared准备；C. gave给予；D. taught教。根据上文“The stories in the picture books”可知，Priya Kumari看的是绘本书籍，这些书教会Priya Kumari分辨是非。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kumari成为母亲后，非常重视孩子的教育。A. attaches赋予；B. shows显示；C. puts放；D. knows知道。根据上文“The stories in the picture books brought about lots of laughter and ___3___ her right and wrong.”可知，Priya Kumari从书籍中收获很多，因此她认为教育很重要，即给教育赋予重要意义。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她渴望把从书本中学到的智慧传授给下一代。A. refused拒绝；B. pretended假装；C. longed渴望；D. agreed同意。根据上文“After Kumari became a mother, she ____4__ great importance to her children's education.”可知，Kumari深知教育的重要性，因此她渴望把书中的智慧传授给孩子。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“书籍提供了一扇了解其他文化的窗口，”她说。A. roof房顶；B. car汽车；C. ship船；D. window窗户。根据上文“Quality literature and technology expose them to diverse voices and develop their cultural awareness.”可知，孩子可以通过高质量的书籍和科技接触多样化的观点及形成跨文化意识，因此书籍是帮助孩子了解其他文化的窗户。故选D。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在Kumari看来，讨论文化意识必须尽早开始。A. early早早地；B. fully完全地；C. suddenly突然地；D. clearly清晰地。根据下文“The younger children are, the  ___8__ it is to internalize these values.”可知，Kumari认为越早接触跨文化意识越好。因此讨论跨文化意识要早。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子越小，就越容易将这些价值观内化。A. cheaper便宜的；B. slower慢的；C. easier简单的；D. worse糟糕的。根据上文“The stories in the picture books brought about lots of laughter and ___3___ her right and wrong.”可知，Kumari小的时候得益于这些绘本书，因此这里Kumari认为孩子越小，就越容易将这些价值观内化。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“建立全球意识的最好方式是通过有趣和相关的话题，如食物、游戏、动物、音乐和节日。” A. ideas观点；B. activities活动；C. stories故事；D. topics话题。根据下文“such as foods, games, animals, music, and festivals”可知，这些是有趣且与多样文化相关的话题。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果你能负担得起旅行，那就一定要四处旅行！” A. book预定；B. afford支付，承担；C. organize组织；D. plan计划。根据下文“by all means, travel around!”可知，此处Kumari建议，如果能承担得起旅行费用，则可以到处旅行。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，你可以通过高质量的文献和电脑了解整个世界。” A. access使用权；B. hope希望；C. answers回答；D. tickets车票。根据上文“by all means, travel around!”可是，Kumari建议通过旅行的方式接触多样文化，如果能接触到高质量的书籍，也可以进入到多样文化的世界。故选A。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：书面文字是强大的，读者可以从中获得力量。A. cheerful欢快的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. powerful有力量的；D. useful有用的。根据下文“readers can get strength from them.”可知，读者能够从文字中获得力量，因此文字是有力量的。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：重要的是，儿童读物必须没有错误和错误信息。A. words话语；B. mistakes错误；C. pictures图片；D. covers封皮。根据上文“Quality literature and technology expose them to diverse voices and develop their cultural awareness.”可知，高质量的书籍可以引导孩子接触多样文化和观点。因此书籍必须是没有错误的。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是孩子理解他人和观点的基础。A. children’s孩子的；B. teachers’老师的；C. writers’作者的；D. parents’父母的。根据上文“the books for children”可知这些书籍是专门给孩子的，因此这些书要适用于孩子的理解力。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：儿童读物必须能让读者洞察自己的思想，审视自己的情感。A. find找到；B. stand忍受；C. forget忘记；D. examine检查。根据上文“The books for children must allow readers to look into their own minds”可知，儿童读物必须能让读者洞察自己的思想及情感。此处examine与look into形成并列关系。故选D。 10.（24-25高三下·重庆渝中·阶段练习）Small, spoon-shaped objects found on the end of warriors’ belts at archaeological sites across northern Europe could have been used to dispense stimulants (分配兴奋剂) before battle, a study suggests. The widespread use of drugs in ancient Greece and Rome was 1 in ancient sources and supported by archaeological finds. However, this body of evidence was 2 for the Germanic peoples living outside the Roman Empire, and it is generally assumed that they made little 3 of drugs apart from alcohol. Now, 4 by archaeologists offer a fresh viewpoint on these issues. Researchers identified 241 such 5 dating from the Roman period. They have handles, mostly 40-70mm long, and either a concave (凹的) bowl or flat disk measuring 10 to 20mm across. They were 6 to a man’s belt but played no role in its 7 . Stimulants may have been widely used to motivate soldiers to 8 their performance and also to reduce the stress and 9 caused by the war. The warriors could have used these objects to measure the right dose to 10 the desired effects. Researchers then surveyed which stimulants could have been 11 to the Germanic communities, either plants gathered locally or 12 in dry form from further afield. They conclude that Germanic peoples would have had access to a wide range of substances used as stimulants. These could have been 13 either in liquid form or in powdered form. Moreover, they note that to 14 the quantity and type of stimulants needed would have required considerable knowledge. They further believe that the stimulants were probably also used for 15 other than warfare, such as in medicine and rituals. 1．A．accepted B．documented C．forbidden D．misunderstood 2．A．convincing B．growing C．conflicting D．missing 3．A．difference B．sense C．use D．mention 4．A．analyses B．standards C．instructions D．measures 5．A．battles B．objects C．problems D．drugs 6．A．applied B．attached C．limited D．exposed 7．A．production B．understanding C．functioning D．transportation 8．A．review B．share C．boost D．track 9．A．shame B．infection C．danger D．fear 10．A．produce B．avoid C．assess D．study 11．A．available B．helpful C．unnecessary D．attractive 12．A．exchanged B．seen C．transformed D．transported 13．A．raised B．possessed C．collected D．consumed 14．A．spare B．detect C．supply D．store 15．A．benefits B．purposes C．forms D．findings 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明，在北欧考古遗址战士腰带上发现的小勺状物体可能用于战斗前分发兴奋剂。古希腊和罗马使用毒品有充足记载及考古支撑，但罗马帝国之外的日耳曼民族使用毒品的证据曾缺失。考古学家发现241件罗马时期的此类物品，其或用于测量兴奋剂剂量，以提升士兵表现、减轻战争恐惧。研究人员认为日耳曼社区可获取多种兴奋剂，或呈液体或粉末状被服用，且这些兴奋剂的用途不仅限于战争，还涵盖医疗和仪式等方面。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在古希腊和罗马，药物的广泛使用在古代文献中有记载，并得到考古发现的支持。A. accepted接受；B. documented记录，记载；C. forbidden禁止；D. misunderstood误解。根据下文“in ancient sources and supported by archaeological finds”可知，在古代资料中有记载并且有考古发现支持，“documented”有“记录，记载”的意思，符合语境。故选B项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于生活在罗马帝国之外的日耳曼民族来说，这一证据是缺失的，人们普遍认为，除了酒精之外，他们很少使用药物。A. convincing有说服力的；B. growing增长的；C. conflicting冲突的；D. missing缺失的。根据“However”以及下文“it is generally assumed that they made little ___3___ of drugs apart from alcohol.”可知，对于生活在罗马帝国之外的日耳曼民族来说，这方面的证据是缺失的，“missing”表示“缺失的，缺少的”，符合文意。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于生活在罗马帝国之外的日耳曼民族来说，这一证据是缺失的，人们普遍认为，除了酒精之外，他们很少使用药物。A. difference区别；B. sense感觉；C. use使用；D. mention注意。根据上文“Small, spoon-shaped objects found on the end of warriors’ belts at archaeological sites across northern Europe could have been used to dispense stimulants ( 分配兴奋剂 ) before battle, a study suggests.”可知，文章主要讨论北欧古代兴奋剂的使用情况；可推测此处指人们普遍认为除了酒精，他们很少使用药物，“make use of”是固定短语，意为“使用，利用”，所以这里用“use”。故选C项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，考古学家的分析为这些问题提供了新的观点。A. analyses分析；B. standards标准；C. instructions指示；D. measures措施。根据下文“offer a fresh viewpoint on these issues”以及下文对一些物品的研究可知，这里是考古学家的分析提供了新观点，“analyses”表示“分析”，符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员确定了241件这样的物品，可以追溯到罗马时期。A. battles战斗；B. objects物品；C. problems问题；D. drugs药物。根据上文“Small, spoon-shaped objects found on the end of warriors’ belts at archaeological sites across northern Europe”以及下文“ They have handles, mostly 40-70mm long, and either a concave (凹的) bowl or flat disk measuring 10 to 20mm across.”可知，这里说的是研究人员确定了241个这样的物品，“objects”表示“物品”，符合文意。故选B项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们系在男人的腰带上，但对腰带的功能没有任何作用。A. applied应用；B. attached附属于，系在……上；C. limited限制；D. exposed暴露。根据第一段“Small, spoon-shaped objects found on the end of warriors’ belts at archaeological sites across northern Europe could have been used to dispense stimulants (分配兴奋剂) before battle, a study suggests.”可知，这些物品是系在男人的腰带上的，“be attached to”表示“附属于，系在……上”，符合语境。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们系在男人的腰带上，但对腰带的功能没有任何作用。A. production生产；B. understanding理解；C. functioning功能，起作用；D. transportation运输。根据“but played no role in its ___7___”可知，它们系在腰带上但对腰带的功能没有作用，“functioning”表示“功能，起作用”，符合文意。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：兴奋剂可能被广泛用于激励士兵提高他们的表现，也可以减少战争造成的压力和恐惧。A. review回顾；B. share分享；C. boost提高，增强；D. track追踪。根据上文“Stimulants may have been widely used to motivate soldiers”可知，兴奋剂可能被广泛用于激励士兵提高他们的表现，“boost”有“提高，增强”的意思，符合语境。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴奋剂可能被广泛用于激励士兵提高他们的表现，也可以减少战争造成的压力和恐惧。A. shame羞耻；B. infection感染；C. danger危险；D. fear恐惧。根据“reduce the stress and ___9___caused by the war”可知，此处指减少战争带来的压力和恐惧，“fear”表示“恐惧”，符合文意。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：战士们可以用这些物体来测量正确的剂量，以产生预期的效果。A. produce产生； B. avoid避免；C. assess评估；D. study学习。根据上文“The warriors could have used these objects to measure the right dose”可知，战士们可能用这些物品来测量合适的剂量以产生期望的效果，“produce”有“产生，引起”的意思，符合语境。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员随后调查了日耳曼人社区可能获得的兴奋剂，要么是当地采集的植物，要么是从更远的地方以干燥的形式运输过来的。A. available可获得的，可用的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. unnecessary不需要的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据下文“…to the Germanic communities, either plants gathered locally or ___12___ in dry form from further afield”可知，研究人员调查哪些兴奋剂对日耳曼社区是可用的，“available”表示“可获得的，可用的”，符合语境。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员随后调查了日耳曼人社区可能获得的兴奋剂，要么是当地采集的植物，要么是从更远的地方以干燥的形式运输过来的。A. exchanged交换；B. seen看见；C. transformed改变；D. transported运输。根据下文“…in dry form from further afield”可知，此处指要么是当地采集的植物，要么是从更远的地方以干燥形式运输来的，“transported”表示“运输”，符合文意。故选D项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些可能以液体形式或粉末形式被服用。A. raised提高；B. possessed拥有；C. collected收集；D. consumed消耗，服用。根据句意以及下文“…either in liquid form or in powdered form.”可知，这些兴奋剂可能以液体或粉末形式被服用，consume有“吃；喝”符合语境。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们指出，提供所需兴奋剂的数量和类型需要相当多的知识。A. spare抽出，腾出；B. detect检测；C. supply提供；D. store储存。根据上下文语境以及下文“the quantity and type of stimulants”可知，此处指提供所需兴奋剂的数量和类型需要相当多的知识。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们进一步认为，兴奋剂也可能用于战争以外的目的，如医学和仪式。A. benefits益处；B. purposes目的；C. forms形式；D. findings发现。根据下文“such as in medicine and rituals” 可知，他们进一步认为兴奋剂可能也用于除战争之外的其他目的，“purposes”表示“目的”，符合语境。故选B项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$