第二部分 专题一 第6讲 体裁破解——记叙文(夹叙夹议文)-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语二轮总复习学案

+(?*--(2=(= 8*+91()&)<'*6+(126:0(&*)&62= *+<60; 8*+0*29 =,)&62?()@$参加这次旅行#了解更多关于在庄园工作和生活 的家政人员! 全程约BQ分钟! 它包括几段楼梯和狭窄的通 道#不建议不能站立或行走长距离的客人!%'可知#整个旅程 BQ分钟#不建议不能站立或行走长距离的客人#所以J**;) g"+622,()的特殊之处是对体力要求很高! 故选3! %.@#!细节理解题! 根据E9('$&)# E9:$6*',$L 2*(J/& 2*&)$(89:*(1下的"[2P*7F&62 D7<(&O)',)&*+,?96+=(2)62= 9+*12=)6&7*1+*<2 56?(*2 &',))(08K91,=(= 9+*12=)&*1+@$在这 个自助导游的场地之旅中#您可以按照自己的节奏享受斯坦 海威的历史花园和场地!%'可知#Z6+=(2)# Z6&(M*=9(g "*+:,2 "*2)(+/6&*+7可以让你悠闲地游览! 故选#! 第]讲!体裁破解!!!记叙文 "夹叙夹议文# 高频考点#研析透 一(二!三!倒数第二!最后一!"!#!3!$ 模拟精练#提考能 ! !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇记叙文#作者热爱篮球#因膝盖 骨折而放弃成为运动员的梦想#成为一名教练#作者从中获益 良多! %@3!细节理解题! 根据第二段"A'6= -7;2((:+*;(2# 128*+&126&(07# &(+-,26&,29-7?6+((+6)65067(+@$不幸的是#我 的膝盖骨折了#结束了我的球员生涯!%'可知#受伤严重打破 了作者成为篮球运动员的梦想#故选3! .@$!词句猜测题! 根据"$8&(+60# A<6)*2076)(2,*+9,+0,2 ',9' )?'**0?*6?',296)(/(2&' 9+6=(:6);(&:60&(6-@$毕竟#我当时 只是一个高中高年级的女生#执教一支七年级篮球队!%'可 知#作者当时只是一个高中生#起初应是有点担心! 故选$! 4@#!细节理解题! 根据最后一段"a75067(+)&619'&-(-627 &',29)0,;(56&,(2?(62= ?*28,=(2?(# 62= 6:*/(60# 6:(&(+ 12=(+)&62=,29*8-7)(086)65(+)*2@$我的球员教会了我很多东 西#比如耐心和自信#且最重要的是#更好地了解了自己!%'可 知#作为教练#作者在自我了解方面受益最大! 故选#! U@"!推理判断题! 根据最后一段"R'(7&619'&-('*<&*:(6 9**= +*0(-*=(0# 62= '*<&*'*0= -7)(086??*12&6:0(8*+-7 ?'*,?()@R'(7&619'&-('*<&*'(,9'&(2 -70*/(8*+&'(96-(# 62= '(,9'&(2 -70*/(8*+)(/(2 9,+0)A=,=2O&;2*<A?*10= 9+*<)* ?0*)(&*@R'62; 7*1 8*+'(05,29-(9+*<6)62 ,2=,/,=16062= 6)6 ?*6?'@$她们教会我如何成为一个好榜样#以及如何对自己的 选择负责! 她们教会了我如何提高我对这项运动的热爱#以 及如何提高我对七个女孩的爱#我从来没有想过我会和她们 如此亲近! 谢谢你们帮助我成长为一个个体和教练!%'可知# 当教练的经历让作者走出了受伤的阴影! 故选"! + !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇记叙文! 讲述了辽宁省锦州市 闾山由一片荒芜变成树木繁茂的鸟类天堂的转变过程! S@#!段落大意题! 根据第二段"36?; &'(2# &'(-*12&6,2)<(+( =()(+&(= <,&' 2*&+(()6&60@R*'(05 &'()((=0,29)$树苗%&'(7 5062&(= )1+/,/(,2 &'(:6+(2$贫瘠的%062=# &'(?*150('6= &* ?6+7<6&(+&*&'(-*12&6,2)*2 &'(,+:6?;)@$当时#山上荒芜一 片#连一棵树都没有! 为了让种植的树苗在贫瘠的土地上存 活下来#这对夫妇不得不背着水爬到山上!%'以及"V,&' )1?' 62 (L&(2),/(5062&,29-(&'*=# '*<(/(+# &'(7,2,&,60786,0(= &*)(( -627)((=)&6;(+**&,2 &'(:6+(2 )*,0@$然而#采用这种广泛种 植的方法#他们最初并没能看到许多种子在贫瘠的土壤中生 根发芽!%'可知#第二段主要讲的是艰苦的环境! 故选#! ]@"!细节理解题! 根据第三段"R'(?*150(O)5(+)(/(+62?(8,2607 56,= *8@R'(7=,)?*/(+(= &'6&)*-(&+(()5(?,()<(+(&*19' (2*19' &*)1+/,/(# ,2?01=,295,2(62= -10:(+7@J*<# -*+(&'62 SQ#QQQ &+(()*8*/(+.Q )5(?,()?*/(+&'(062= &'(7?*2&+6?&(=# 8*0*<,29 &'(,+?*2),)&(2&(8*+&)&*)*<&+(()((=)7(6+68&(+7(6+@$这对夫 妇的坚持终于有了回报! 他们发现一些树种足够顽强#能够 存活下来#包括松树和桑树! 如今#经过他们年复一年地播 种#他们承包的土地上已经覆盖着.Q多种(超过S万棵树!%' 可知#这对夫妇的持续努力有了回报! 故选"! C@"!推理判断题! 根据第二段"V,&' )1?' 62 (L&(2),/(5062&,29 -(&'*=# '*<(/(+# &'(7,2,&,60786,0(= &*)((-627)((=)&6;(+**& ,2 &'(:6+(2 )*,0@31&&'(?*150(=,=2O&9,/(15@'以及倒数第二 段"R'(56&+*0(/(2 =,=2O&)&*5 *2 &'((/(*806)&7(6+O)"',2()( M126+J(<W(6+@A2)&(6= *8<6&?',29&'(""ReF5+,29H()&,/60 Z606*2 6̀2@.%)&0,;(-*)&"',2()(# &'(?*150(<(2&&*56&+*0&'( -*12&6,2)<,&' &'(86-,0,()*8&'(,+)*2 62= =619'&(+@'可推知# 这对夫妇是坚定不移(持之以恒的! 故选"! T@$!细节理解题! 根据最后一段"R'(?*150('6)2*5062)&* G1,&&'(,+<*+;# 62= &'(7'*5(&'(,+?',0=+(2 <,08*0*<,2 &'(,+ 8**&)&(5)@*V(?'(+,)' &'(-*12&6,2)62= &+(()6)<(?'(+,)' *1+ *<2 ?',0=+(2#, M1 )6,=@*[/(2 6)<(9+*<*0=# &'(7<,0?*2&,21( &*56&+*0&'(<**=)62= <6&?' */(+&'(:,+=)@,'可知#这对夫妻 决定继续他们的工作是因为他们把大山看成是他们的孩子! 故选$! 2 !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇夹叙夹议文! 文章主要讲述了 作者作为一名客服的感悟#并呼吁人们理解她的工作! B@3!词句猜测题! 根据第一段"W*1 '6&(-(@W*1 =*2O&(/(2 ;2*<-(62= 7*1 '6&(-(@3(8*+(<(O/((/(2 )5*;(2# 7*1 '6&( -(@$&0(6)&&'6&O)'*<,&8((0)*2 -7(2= *8&'(?606)68(-60( ?*0(?&,*2)*8,?(+6&6?60?(2&(+@$你恨我! 你根本不了解我# 还恨我! 我们还没说话#你就烦我了! 至少这是我作为一个 呼叫中心的女催收员在电话里的感觉!%'和":(?61)(A2(/(+ ;2*<<'*,)9*,29&*:(*2 &'(*&'(+(2= *8&'6&?60$因为我永远 不知道电话的另一端是谁%'可知#作者对于电话另一端的未 知感到恐惧! 故选3! %Q@"!推理判断题! 根据第四段"AO/('6= 5(*50(<'*)'*1&6& -(# ?60-('*+,:0(26-()# 6??1)(-(5(+)*2607*8&6;,29&'(,+ -*2(762= &'+(6&(2 -(@V'7- A&',2; ,&O):(?61)(A6- ,2/,),:0(@$有人冲我大喊大叫#极不友好地辱骂我#指责我拿 了他们的钱#还威胁我! 为什么- 我想那是因为我是看不见 的人!%'可知#作者认为一些打电话的人对她不友好#因为他 们没有把她当作一个真实的人! 故选"! %%@"!推理判断题! 根据第五段" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! R'(:,99()&62= -*)&(8(?&,/( +("#+ );,0<'(2 ,&?*-()&*&'(P*: ,)(-56&'7$同理心%@A?62 655+(?,6&(&'(),&16&,*2 <',?' &'(?60(+,),2 :(?61)(AO/(:((2 &'(+(@R'6&O)<'7AO-9**= 6&-7P*:+A12=(+)&62= <'6&7*1O+( 9*,29&'+*19'# 62= AO-'(+(&*'(05@$在工作中#最重要也是最 有效的技能就是同理心! 我能理解打电话的人的处境#因为 我也经历过! 这就是我擅长这份工作的原因+++我理解你 的感受#我是来帮你的!%'可知#作者认为她很擅长自己的工 作#是因为她能设身处地地为别人着想! 故选"! %.@$!写作意图题! 根据最后一段"V(6+(60'1-62)P1)& &+7,29&*9(&:7,2 0,8(# <',?' -6;()7*1 62= -((G160@F* 50(6)(# &'(2(L&&,-(<(&60;# +(-(-:(+&'6&@$我们都是人类# 只是想努力生活#这让你我平等! 所以#下次我们谈话的时 候#请记住这一点!%'可知#作者写这篇文章的目的是为了呼 吁人们理解她的工作! 故选$! 3 !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇夹叙夹议文! 文章讲述了作者 对自己的公司管理能力信心满满#但现实中却频频受挫! 在咨 询师J6&6)'6的帮助下#他找到了自己的问题#并承诺作出改变! %4@"!推理判断题! 根据第一段"A<6)'(6+&:+*;(2 &*0(6/(:1& <62&(= &*&6;((/(+70())*2 A0(6+2(= &*-72(<?*-5627@$离开 的时候我很伤心#但我想把我学到的每一课都带到我的新公 司!%'和第二段"A8,91+(= A<*10= 9+*<-7?*-5627:7:(,296 2,?(-62 62= <*+;,29'6+=# 62= 2(/(+=(-62=,29-*+(8+*--7 5(*50(&'62 A<6)<,0,29&*9,/(# :(0,(/,29&',)655+*6?' <*10= (6+2 +()5(?&62= (8*+&,2 +(&1+2@$我想我要做一个好人#努力 工作#从不要求我的员工超过我愿意付出的#这样才能发展 我的公司#我相信这种方法会赢得尊重和努力作为回报!%' 可知#作者有来自之前公司的经验教训和自己的工作原则# 所以他对自己的公司管理充满信心! 故选"! %U@#!细节理解题! 根据第五段"A)&6+&(= &*'6/(5(*50( 5+*:0(-)@A6-6/(+7)&+*29# =,+(?&?*--12,?6&*+62= 60&'*19' ,2 -627<67)&'6&,)6)&+(29&'# ,&?62 :(6<(6;2()),2 *&'(+ <67)@A*8&(2 '1+&5(*50(O)8((0,29)@[/(2 &'*19' A<6)/(+7)(08K 6<6+(*8&',)# A)&,0-())(= 15@$我开始有人际关系问题! 我 是一个非常强大(直接的沟通者#虽然在很多方面这是一个 优点#但在其他方面也可能是一个缺点! 我经常伤害别人的 感情! 尽管我很清楚这一点#但我还是搞砸了!%'可知#作者 经常伤害别人的感情#他的问题的根源在于他的社交技能! 故选#! %S@$!推理判断题! 根据倒数第四段"V(0# 7*1 P1)&FDXYM# 60*/(+7*1+)(08# =,=2O&7*1- #,= 7*1 5678*+=(/*&,*2- #,= 7*1 5678*+'*2*+- #,= 7*1 5678*+655+(?,6&,*2- $嗯#你认为都 *应该,#对吗- 你为忠诚付钱了吗- 你为荣誉付钱了吗- 你 为感激付钱了吗-%'和倒数第三段"R'()6= 62)<(+<6)JX@ $可悲的答案是否定的!%'可知#J6&6)'6发现作者陷入了自 己的思维陷阱#指出作者认为他给员工支付的工资是用来买 员工的忠诚(荣誉和感激#这是错误的思维方式! 故选$! %]@3!推理判断题! 根据倒数第二段"W*1 <62&&*)((&'( ?'629(&'6&7*1 )*=(),+(+&'(2 :(&'(?'629($你希望看到你 所渴望的变化#那就改变吧%'和最后一段"A;2*<<'6&A )'*10= =*@V,07*1 P*,2 -(- $我知道我该怎么做! 你愿意和 我一起去吗-%'可知#作者接受了J6&6)'6的建议#要做出改 变#并邀请读者和他一起作出改变! 故选3! 第C讲!体裁破解!!!说明文 高频考点#研析透 一!二!四!最后一!3!"!"!# 模拟精练#提考能 ! !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇说明文! 文章主要介绍了研究 发现#牙齿脱落和牙龈疾病与大脑健康之间存在联系#因此研究 人员建议人们把牙龈和牙齿保持在原来的良好状态#而未来的 研究需要在更大的人群中开展以进一步验证这一关联! %@#!细节理解题! 根据第一段"R**&' 0*))62= 91-=,)(6)(# <',?' ,),2806--6&,*2@@@9,/,295(*50(62*&'(++(6)*2 &*&6;( :(&(+?6+(*8&'(,+&((&'$牙齿脱落和牙龈疾病非常常见#牙龈 疾病是牙齿周围组织的炎症#会导致牙龈萎缩和牙齿松动#因 此评估与脑部疾病的潜在联系非常重要! 我们的研究发现# 这些情况可能对控制思维和记忆的大脑区域的健康起作用# 这给了人们更好地照顾牙齿的另一个理由%'可知#他的研究 关注的是牙齿健康和大脑之间的联系! 故选#! .@$!段落大意题! 根据第二段"H*+5(*50(<,&' -,0= 91- =,)(6)(@@@)'+,2;69(=1(&**2(-*+(&**&' <6)(G160&*%@4 7(6+) *8:+6,2 69,29@$对于患有轻度牙龈疾病的人来说#牙齿较少与 大脑萎缩速度更快有关#对于患有严重牙龈疾病但牙齿较多 的人来说也是如此! 在对年龄进行调整后#研究人员发现#对 于患有轻度牙龈疾病的人来说#由于少了一颗牙齿而增加的 大脑萎缩率相当于近一年的大脑衰老! 相比之下#对于患有 严重牙龈疾病的人来说#多一颗牙齿导致的大脑萎缩的增加 相当于%@4年的大脑衰老!%'可知#本段主要介绍了该研究分 析数据后的具体结论#提供支撑研究结果的证据! 故选$! 4@"!推理判断题! 根据第三段"R'()(+()10&)',9'0,9'&&'( ,-5*+&62?(*85+()(+/,29&'('(60&' *8&'(&((&' 62= 2*&P1)& -6,2&6,2,29&'(&((&' $这些结果强调了保持牙齿健康的重要 性#而不仅仅是维护牙齿%'可知#W6-691?',认为研究结果显 示了人们应当保持牙齿健康! 由此可知#他会建议人们把牙 龈和牙齿保持在原来的良好状态! 故选"! U@3!细节理解题! 根据第三段"W6-691?',6==(=# *H1&1+( )&1=,()6+(2((=(= <,&' 06+9(+9+*15)*85(*50(@, R'(?1+(2& (L5(+,-(2&,2/*0/(= *2076)-609+*15 *85(*50(,2 *2(+(9,*2 *8 6̀562# 62= &'6&&**8+*- *2(56+&,?106++(9,*2 *8&'(<*+0=@ $W6-691?',补充说)*未来的研究需要在更大的人群中进 行!,目前的实验只涉及日本一个地区的一小群人#而且也是 来自世界上一个特定的地区!%'可知#目前的研究只涉及特 定地区的少部分人群#未来的研究应当拓展到更大的范围! 故选3! + !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇说明文#主要介绍了夏威夷产盐 的特色以及生产流程! S@"!细节理解题! 根据第一段"A&)'*07)60&?62 :(&+6=(= *+ 9,/(2 6<67:1&-1)&2(/(+:()*0=@D6<6,62)1)(,&,2 ?**;,29 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! # +)"#+ 041 Non-member Youth ages 3-17):$10 Children 2 under:Free Stan Hywet Members:50%off the non-member price Nooks Crannies Tour Take this tour to learn more about the domestic staff who worked and lived at the estate.This tour lasts about 90 minutes.It includes several flights of stairs and narrow passageways and is not recommended for guests who are unable to stand or walk for long distances. Non-member Adult 18':$30 Non-member Youth ages 3-17):$15 Children 2 under:Free Stan Hywet Members:50%off the non-member price Gardens,Gate Lodge Corbin Conservatory Enjoy Stan Hywet's historie gardens and grounds at your own pace on this self-guided grounds tour.Purchase the ticket upon arrival. Non-member Adult 18':$15 Non-member Youth ages 3-17):$7 Children 2 under:Free Stan Hywet Members:Free Guided Garden Tour The Guided Garden Tour takes guests around the estate and focuses on how the Seiberlings worked closely with their landscape architect on the overall design of the property.This tour is offered at 11:30 a.m.&2:30 p.m.,May through September. Non-member Adult 18':$21 Non-member Youth ages 3-17):$10 Children 2 under:Free Stan Hywet Members:50%off the non-member price 10.How much should a non-member married couple pay to explore the Manor House? A.810. B.s20 C.821. D.842. 11.What is special about Nooks Crannies Tour? A.It runs seasonally. B.It is physically demanding. C.It offers a trained tour guide. D.It is only targeted at members. 12.Which one allows you to tour at leisure? A.Guided Garden Tour. B.Nooks Crannies Tour. C.Guided Manor House Tour. D.Gardens,Gate Lodge Corbin Conservatory. 第6讲 体裁破解 记叙文（夹叙夹议文） 高频砻点 研析透 记叙文是一种以写人记事、写景状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。记叙文是一个相对独 立，完整的语篇，包括记叙文的各个要素，即时间、地点、人物和事情的起因，经过、结果等，采取顺叙、倒叙、插叙等 手法，以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是记叙文的语言特征；夹叙夹议文是 叙述和议论相结合的文章，一般在文章结尾处出现作者的所感所想。 ●辨明题类 记叙文阅读理解的设题主要是细节理解题和推理判断题，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构 的前提下，要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展以及逻辑关系，弄清文章的发展脉络，还要根据人物处境的描写、议论 时所用词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。 042 ●技法点拨 1.弄清六要素：何人、何时、何地，因何原因做了何事，结果如何，有何启示或感想。 2,弄清写作目的：证明一个观点、赞美某种美德、谴责某种罪恶还是提供娱乐。 3.关注开头和结尾：把握事情的发展动向，尾段经常是主题的升华所在。 4.关注情感主线：分析事情的发展脉络，弄清人物之间的关系，透析文章的情感主线。 ●真题体验 (2023·新高考【卷·阅读理解B) When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria()?Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge().First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water. Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage( 7k)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China. "Ecological design"is the name John gives to what he does."Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,"he says."You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair." 24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A.He was fond of traveling. B.He enjoyed being alone. C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor. 25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem. C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco-machine. 26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A.To review John's research plans. B.To show an application of John's idea. C.To compare John's different jobs. D.To erase doubts about John's invention 27.What is the basis for John's work? A.Nature can repair itself. B.Organisms need water to survive. C.Life on Earth is diverse. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. 【解题示范】第一步：浏览全文把握主旨大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考 且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 第二步：知审题干，定位原文 第24小题：根据题干主要信息，定位第 段。 第25小题：根据题千主要信息，定位第 段。 第26小题：根据题千主要信息，定位 段。 第27小题：根据题千主要信息，定位 段。 第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。 在文中找到信息区间后，再仔细对比各选项，确定答案。 043 24.细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making,(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察 大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长 大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱。)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？(在大学学习了农业、医学 和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食 用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪额好学，好奇心很强。故选 25.细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks,John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去。)"以 及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.(他对结果感到惊讶。 生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起米！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水。)”可知， 约翰把污泥放进辙子里是为了测试生态机器。故选 26.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs..He developed a greenhouse一ike facility that treated sewage (from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温 室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1,600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福 州的运河水。)”可知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选 27,推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair..(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让 这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选 膜拟精练提考能 (2024·四川省内江市高三三模) You always found me on a basketball court or with a ball in my hand.It taught me many things about life.It also taught me that success requires hard work. I played the sport up until one day my plans were cut short.I had my knee broken,unfortunately,terminating my career as a player.Giving up basketball was one of the hardest things I've done in my life. I did not want to lose that part of my life forever.I decided to realize my dream of basketball from a different angle; I signed up to coach a seventh grade basketball team.I'm not going to lie,at first I was a bit apprehensive.After all,I was only a senior girl in high school coaching a seventh grade basketball team. My basketball team consisted of seven seventh grade girls and we practiced twice a week for one hour.It was not a lot of time,which often made it difficult to make progress in skill development.However,my skills were able to develop, but not in basketball.As a coach,I am supposed to be the one teaching them.But the girls that I coached did not realize that while they were learning,so was I.My players taught me many things like patience and confidence,and above all, a better understanding of myself as a person.They taught me how to be a good role model,and how to hold myself accountable for my choices.They taught me how to heighten my love for the game,and heighten my love for seven girls I didn't know I could grow so close to.Thank you for helping me grow as an individual and as a coach. 1.What broke the author's dream of being a basketball player? A.Shortage of time. B.A serious injury. C.Lack of hard work. D.A terrible illness. 2.What does the undedlined word "apprehensive"in paragraph 3 mean? A.Concerned. B.Consistent. C.Considerate D.Communicative. 3.In which aspect did the author benefit most as a coach? A.Making choices. B.Basketball skills. C.Confidence building. D.Self recognition. 044 4.What can be inferred about the author? A.She has parted with the girls. B.She will go for further education. C.She has stepped out of her shadow. D.She makes a living by training the girls. B (2024·贵州省贵阳市高三一模) The Luling Mountains in Jinzhou,Liaoning Province,used to be a deserted area without even a single tree.Now,it is a leafy paradise for birds,and tourists are flooding in.The huge transformation has occurred thanks to the consistent efforts of Tian Wangui,67,and his wife Lu Min,63,over nearly half a century. In 1982,the couple contracted()the land-use rights of the two mountains near their home.They intended to plant fruit trees in the mountains to make a living.Back then,the mountains were deserted with no trees at all.To help the seedlings(they planted survive in the barren(land,the couple had to carry water to the mountains on their backs.They also bought whatever seeds were available from a nearby forest farm and spread them every spring, hoping to afforest the mountains.With such an extensive planting method,however,they initially failed to see many seeds take root in the barren soil.But the couple didn't give up. The couple's perseverance finally paid off.They discovered that some tree species were tough enough to survive, including pine and mulberry.Now,more than 50,000 trees of over 20 species cover the land they contracted,following their consistent efforts to sow tree seeds year after year. As the mountains became lush(郁郁葱葱)，Tian and Lu were charged with a new task-一patrolling(巡逻)heir nearly 67 hectares of forest every day to prevent fires.The patrol even didn't stop on the eve of last year's Chinese Lunar New Year.Instead of watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala on Jan.21st like most Chinese,the couple went to patrol the mountains with the families of their son and daughter."Many people set off fireworks to mark the arrival of the new year,so the holiday is a time when we have to stay cautious against fire threats,Tian said. The couple has no plans to quit their work,and they hope their children will follow in their footsteps."We cherish the mountains and trees as we cherish our own children,"Lu said."Even as we grow old,they will continue to patrol the woods and watch over the birds. 5.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A.The mountains. B.The forest farm. C.The poor couple. D.The tough condition. 6.What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A.More than 20 species were sowed every year. B.Pine and mulberry cannot survive on the land. C.Their continuous efforts eventually worked. D.They bought 50.000 trees according to the contract. 7.Which of the following can best describe the couple? A.Honest and hardworking. B.Curious and brave. C.Determined and persevering. D.Friendly and intelligent. 8.Why do the couple decide to continue their work? A.They regard the mountains as their children. B.They want their children to succeed their career. C.They can earn much money from the mountains. D.They have a life-long contract with the government. C (2024·河南省部分市高三二模】 You hate me.You don't even know me and you hate me.Before we've even spoken,you hate me.At least that's how it feels on my end of the call as a female collections officer at a call center. I dread the moment when I have to log on to our phone system first thing in the morning because I never know who is going to be on the other end of that call. Sometimes it's an easy task.The caller is pleasant and has accepted personal responsibility for their debts,and we get through the phone call with ease.Then there are the ones who call in looking for a fight,or looking for someone to blame.Through the luck of the phone system,that person is me. 045 I've had people who shout at me,call me horrible names,accuse me personally of taking their money and threaten me.Why?I think it's because I am invisible.I think I would be treated with the same level of disrespect if we were face to face.Fortunately for me,I have had years of experience in customer service,so I'm fairly rich in not letting the negative encounters bother me. The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy ()I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there.That's why I'm good at my job-I understand what you're going through, and I'm here to help. Some days though,no malter how much I try to leave the stress behind when I hang up the phone,it stays with me. I may do some deep breathing,go for a quick walk or simply stick my head outside for a burst of fresh air.I do this so I don't carry that negativity on to my next call.That next call may be a person having the worst day of their life,but I don't want to ever be the one who makes it worse.We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that. 9.What does the underlined word "dread"in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Enjoy. B.Fear. C.Expeet. D.Avoid. 10.Why does the author think some callers treat her badly? A.They get angry too easily. B.They blame her for their debts. C.They do not see her as a real person. D.They accuse her of taking their money. 11.Why does the author think she is good at her job? A.She can offer callers best advice. B.She is always respected by callers. C.She can put herself in others'shoes. D.She isn't easily influenced by negativity. 12.What is the author's main purpose in writing this text? A.To call for understanding of her job. B.To explain why she is good at her job. C.To introduce what she is responsible for. D.To complain about her being treated badly. D (2024·河北省唐山市高三一模】 When I started Social-Engineer,I just left a company that was amazing.It was like a family.The pain of leaving was real for me and like all family separation,it wasn't 100%smooth.I was heartbroken to leave but wanted to take every lesson I learned to my new company.I was determined to also take all the good memories with me.Yes,there were mistakes from both sides of the fence but instead of focusing on those,I went away remembering all the great times,life lessons and growth I had gifted to me. I figured I would grow my company by being a nice man and working hard,and never demanding more from my people than I was willing to give,believing this approach would earn respect and effort in return.I would say things to myself like,"Well,I did this,so they should do that."Or"I am this way,so they should be that way. And to be honest,it felt real.It felt like it was an honest evaluation. But...But...But... I started to have people problems.I am a very strong,direct communicator and although in many ways that is a strength,it can be a weakness in other ways.I often hurt people's feelings.Even though I was very self-aware of this,I still messed up.Now this is odd to admit out loud for a company that basically focuses on helping dozens of companies make huge changes. I went to see a psychologist.Natasha actively listened to all I said and then every now and then presented a thought as a question or a mild statement.She wanted to challenge me to change,challenge me to expand my thoughts.I was in my session with Natasha and I was saying things like this: "If I gave this person tens of thousands of dollars in a raise in one year,they should be more appreciative." "If I have a great salary,benefits and support package,this person should have been more thankful." Natasha stopped me and said,"Well,you just SHOULD all over yourself,didn't you?Did you pay for devotion? Did you pay for honor?Did you pay for appreciation?" 046。 The sad answer was NO. "You want to see the change that you so desire-then be the change,"Natasha said.She then mentioned Bruce Lee,who said "Empty your mind,be formless.Shapeless,like water.If you put water into a cup,it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle and it becomes the bottle...Now,water can flow or it can crash.Be water,my friend." I know what I should do.Will you join me? 13.Why was the author confident about his company management? A.He believed he was gifted for it. B.His employees were well qualified. C.He had lessons and work principles. D.His previous mistakes had been removed. 14.What are the author's problems rooted in? A.The rigid rules. B.The lack of vision. C.The company's focus. D.The author's social skill. 15.What did Natasha conclude from the session? A.The author fell into a thinking trap. B.The employees expected too much. C.The author was not really committed. D.The employees were victims of management. 16.What does the author invite us to do? A.Read Bruce Lee. B.Learn to change. C.Take more duties. D.Desire less for more. 第7讲 体裁破解 说明文 〈高频春点 研析透 说明文通常运用举例子、作比较，分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手法，描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产 品、新技术，以及介绍场馆，分析社会现象、语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等，用平实的语言客观地说明事 物、解释现象。事物说明文常用“总一分”式或“总一分一总”式结构：事理说明文采用由浅入深、由表及里、由现 象到本质，逐层递进，剖析事理的递进式结构；文章各部分内容没有主次轻重之分时常用并列式结构：如果需要通 过两个事物的对照和比较来说明其异同时常用对照式结构。说明文通常不包含作者的个人观点。 ●辨明题类 说明文阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况，阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，题日 往往涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，阅读说明文时，应把握文章结构，弄清作者所要说明的事物：另外，考 生在平时的学习中应多积累阅读词汇，提高分析长难句的能力。 ●技法点拨 L,抓首尾段：首段往往提出文章的主题，尤其是研究类说明文，研究结果就是主题；尾段往往重申强调主题。 2,细读重点：就原文而言，重点就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度：就答题而言，重点就是问题所对应的题源 句。以这个标准来衡量的话，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多了。 3.略读或跳读：在快速浏览题干，初步把握文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行有选择性地略读或跳读，这 样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易地从总体上把握全文。在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、 句、段等，并将其储存在大脑里，以免回头再查看时费时费力。 (1)繁琐的例证：为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，需要花很多时间去阅读。 如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过详读来理解：若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。 (2)多项列举：有时许多功能相同的项目列举，那么只需读其中一两项即可。 (3)生僻词汇：阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。 (4)较长的人名、地名：有许多较长的表示人名，地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母 代替。