专题05 七选五-【大题精做】冲刺2025年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（北京专用）

大题05 七选五 1. 体裁与题材 体裁：以说明文为主（占比约70%），其次为议论文和记叙文。说明文多围绕生活实用话题展开，如环保、健康、科技等。 题材：贴近学生生活，强调实用性。例如，近年真题涉及房间装饰设计、自然疗法、环保理念等主题。 2. 选项设置规律 选项分为三类：主旨概括句、过渡性句子、注释性句子。 干扰项常通过“原词复现”伪装，但逻辑与上下文不符。 近年命题更注重“语义连贯”，而非单纯依赖语法衔接，如选项可能以不完整复合句形式出现。 3. 设空位置分布 段首：多为段落主题句，需衔接前段内容（如总结或过渡句）。 段中：侧重前后句逻辑关系（如因果、转折、例证）及代词指代。 段尾：总结本段或引出下文，可能含总结性信号词（如therefore, in conclusion）。 （2025高三·北京海淀·一模）Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely. 1 . Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience. 2 Acceptance can limit judgmental thoughts and unhelpful secondary emotions. Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience. 3 With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions. 4 But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure. You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions. 5 For instance, you could turn down the volume on the initial emotion, perhaps by seeing the situation from a new perspective or asking someone for support. A．Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes. B．You can’t be productive even when you have more inner space. C．Then you may question if you are feeling anxious about getting work done. D．Yet you know you can breathe it through and that it is just a passing emotion. E．Sometimes the experience includes an unpleasant emotion you don’t want to feel. F．It might sound unreasonable that embracing an unpleasant emotion can be a good thing. G．You also create more inner space to determine whether you can do something that helps. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．D 4．F 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何减少焦虑感。 1．根据上文“Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely.(想象一下，在截止日期前，你已经工作了好几个小时，但你感觉毫无进展。你开始感到非常焦虑。在这一点上，你可能会开始责怪自己有这种情绪。现在你有两种情绪：对完成工作感到焦虑，对自己的焦虑感到沮丧。当第二种情绪叠加在第一种情绪之上时，你通常会感觉更糟，甚至更不可能实现你的目标。你现在可能想知道是否有可能降低第二种情绪的可能性)”可知，上文提到“想知道是否有可能降低第二种情绪的可能性”，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明这一疑问的答案。故A选项“值得庆幸的是，研究表明答案是肯定的”符合语境，故选A。 2．根据上文“Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience.(很多人都听说过“正念”。它经常与冥想练习联系在一起，但它的本质是更加意识到并接受你现在的经历)”可知，上文提到接受你现在的经历，本句承接上文，对经历进行进一步解释说明。故E选项“有时这种经历包含了一种你不想感受到的不愉快情绪”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上文“Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience.(让我解释一下。想象你自己处于如上所述的具有挑战性的情境中，你会感到焦虑。不要因为自己有这种情绪而感到沮丧，而是把你的意识带到这种情绪的体验中并接受它。你可能会觉得这种焦虑并不有趣)”以及后文“With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions.(有了这种接受的态度，远离与情绪作斗争的倾向，你就不太可能陷入评判思想的循环中，这可能会引发更多不想要的情绪)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，上文提到了焦虑，后文提到接受的态度，推测本句说明如何应对焦虑情绪。故D选项“但是你知道你可以把它呼吸出去，它只是一种转瞬即逝的情绪”符合语境，故选D。 4．根据后文“But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure.(但证据表明，它是有效的。这可能是因为接受你自己，包括你的情绪，可以减轻压力。)”可知，后文与本句构成转折关系，后文提到了有效，本句是在说明接纳情绪的消极方面。故F选项“拥抱一种不愉快的情绪可能是一件好事，这听起来可能不合理”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据上文“You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions.(当你释放出对自己情绪的评判性想法时，你就停止了给情绪火上浇油)”可知，本句承接上文，进一步说明停止批判自己所带来的好处。故G选项“你也创造了更多的内心空间来决定你是否可以做一些有帮助的事情”符合语境，故选G。 1. 通读全文，把握主线 首段必精读：明确文章主题、结构（总-分-总/问题-解决/现象-分析）。 段首段尾句：快速扫读各段首尾句，理清段落功能（观点/例证/总结）。 目的：避免“只见树木不见森林”，预判上下文逻辑。 2. 先易后难，排除干扰 定三选二法：优先选出 100%确定 的3个答案（通过代词、关联词、固定搭配等明显线索），剩余4项两两对比。 划掉已选选项：在选项旁标记“√”或“×”，避免重复干扰。 3. 代入验证，逻辑闭环 将选项代入原文，检查： ✅ 语法匹配：时态、主谓一致、疑问/陈述句式是否一致。 ✅ 逻辑衔接：因果关系（because→so）、转折（however）、并列（also）是否合理。 ✅ 语义连贯：是否重复关键词（同义替换）、代词（it/this/they）指代是否清晰。 Passage（1） （24-25高三上·北京石景山·期末）Time or Money? Would you rather have a higher salary or the freedom to work from anywhere in the world? According to a survey, seven out of ten surveyed readers would consider accepting a lower salary for more perks (额外收入) and benefits — one in ten would definitely do so. 1 . For today’s workforce, especially Gen Zs and millennials (千禧一代), perks extend far beyond the traditional benefits package. They are putting a lot of focus on work-life balance, career advancement, and the company’s culture and values. Among all, a flexible work arrangement tops the list of those values. 2 . The ability to control when and where they work not only boosts productivity but also helps prevent burnout. This shift enforces companies to demonstrate that they value outcomes and results over rigid schedules. In return, employees feel trusted, valued, and empowered, performing at their best when given the flexibility to balance their personal and professional lives. 3 . For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. 4 . This belief could negatively affect their chances for promotions and leadership opportunities. Looking ahead, flexible work arrangements are here to stay and will likely continue to evolve. 5 . Organizations should ensure equitable opportunities consistent with flexible work models, such as offering personalized arrangements instead of one-size-fits-all solutions. A．This is where company policies can play a crucial role. B．Employers invest a lot in creating attractive work environments. C．It provides the independence and freedom younger employees seek. D．While flexible work arrangements offer benefits, they also have drawbacks. E．Flexibility and work-life balance now outweigh financial rewards for many. F．But what are these perks and how are companies adapting to meet these expectations? G．Furthermore, those who prefer flexibility are often seen as less committed to their careers. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．D 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项调查表明大部分人喜欢灵活的工作，文章主要介绍了灵活工作安排的优缺点。 1．上文“Would you rather have a higher salary or the freedom to work from anywhere in the world? According to a survey, seven out of ten surveyed readers would consider accepting a lower salary for more perks (额外收入) and benefits — one in ten would definitely do so.(你更愿意拥有高工资，还是自由地在世界任何地方工作？根据一项调查，十名读者中有七人会考虑为了更多的额外收入和津贴接受较低的工资——十分之一的人肯定会这样做。)”指出，一项调查表明大部分人喜欢灵活的工作，这说明大部分人认为灵活工作与工作生活之间的平衡比金钱更重要，E项“灵活性和工作与生活的平衡现在对许多人来说比金钱回报更重要。”符合语境，对上文调查进行了总结，故选E。 2．上文“For today’s workforce, especially Gen Zs and millennials (千禧一代), perks extend far beyond the traditional benefits package. They are putting a lot of focus on work-life balance, career advancement, and the company’s culture and values. Among all, a flexible work arrangement tops the list of those values. (对于当今的劳动力，尤其是Z世代和千禧一代来说，福利远远超出了传统的福利包。他们非常注重工作与生活的平衡，职业晋升以及公司的文化和价值观。在所有这些价值中，灵活的工作安排排在首位。)”可知，如今人们更加注重工作的灵活性，空处承接上文，指出人们注重工作灵活性的原因，即工作灵活性的好处，C项“它提供了年轻员工寻求的独立性和自由。”符合语境。故选C。 3．下文“For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. (对于女性，尤其是职业母亲来说，家庭和工作之间界限不清会令她们感觉一直在工作，从而增加了职业倦怠的风险。此外远程办公还会增强职业晋升的挑战，因为减少的面对面互动可能会导致她们被忽视或边缘化。)”主要介绍了灵活工作的缺点，D项“虽然灵活的工作安排提供了好处，但它们也有缺点。”符合语境，故选D。 4．上文“For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. (对于女性，尤其是职业母亲来说，家庭和工作之间界限不清会令她们感觉一直在工作，从而增加了职业倦怠的风险。此外远程办公还会加剧职业晋升的挑战，因为减少的面对面互动可能会导致她们被忽视或边缘化。)”主要介绍了灵活工作安排的两个缺点，空处也应是介绍其缺点，G项“此外，那些喜欢灵活性的人通常被视为对自己的职业不太承诺。”符合语境，为下文“This belief could negatively affect their chances for promotions and leadership opportunities.(这种信念可能会对他们获得晋升和领导机会的机会产生负面影响。)”中this belief所指，故选G。 5．上文“Looking ahead, flexible work arrangements are here to stay and will likely continue to evolve.(展望未来，灵活的工作安排将会持续存在，并且可能会继续演变。)”指出灵活的工作安排将会持续存在，并且可能会继续演变，空处承接上文，指出灵活的工作存在的必要，A项“这是公司政策可以发挥关键作用的地方。”符合语境，故选A。 Passage（2） （24-25高三上·北京·一模）Bedtime Rituals At the end of a long day, you might want to collapse in front of the TV and watch an episode of your favorite show. 1 Settling down with a cup of lemon tea or reading a book can tell your body it’s time to sleep. If you turn these activities into a ritual— that is, if you do them every night around the same time — you will be all the more likely to get the rest you need. A bedtime ritual is important not only because it prepares you for sleep but also because it helps establish healthy sleep habits. If your current habits don’t support good sleep, a bedtime ritual can help you make necessary changes. 2 Worry can make it hard to fall asleep at night, but for some people, anxiety at bedtime is common. Rituals can provide comfort by offering predictability and structure. Some rituals, such as journaling, might also relieve anxiety by giving the writer a fresh perspective or sense of meaning. 3 Consider trying several bedtime rituals before settling on a consistent routine. What’s important is figuring out what works for you. Start out with two or three activities according to your needs and preferences. If you enjoy exercise and movement, try yoga or gentle stretching. If you find comfort in order, create a to-do list for the next day. 4 Whether your bedtime ritual takes place in bed or somewhere else, make sure your environment is relaxing. Wear comfortable clothes or pajamas, curl up under a cozy blanket, and keep the lights low. 5 A．Bedtime rituals can also help you reduce anxiety. B．There’s no fixed format for the perfect bedtime ritual. C．Then when the time comes to fall asleep, you’ll be ready. D．For adults, bedtime rituals typically last 30 minutes to an hour. E．If classical music calms you, turn on some Bach or Mozart enjoying a bath. F．But engaging in some bedtime activities could actually help you sleep better. G．Evidence indicates that people who read a book in bed have better sleep quality. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．B 4．E 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡前仪式以及它的重要性。 1．前文“At the end of a long day, you might want to collapse in front of the TV and watch an episode of your favorite show.(在漫长的一天结束时，你可能想瘫在电视机前看一集你最喜欢的节目)”表明一天结束时的一些放松方式，后文“Settling down with a cup of lemon tea or reading a book can tell your body it’s time to sleep.(喝杯柠檬茶或读一本书可以告诉你的身体该睡觉了)”表示睡前可以进行的一些活动，F选项“但参加一些睡前活动实际上可以帮助你睡得更好”与前文进行转折，引出了下文的一些睡前活动，承上启下。故选F。 2．前文“If your current habits don’t support good sleep, a bedtime ritual can help you make necessary changes.(如果你现在的习惯不支持良好的睡眠，睡前习惯可以帮助你做出必要的改变)”讲述睡前习惯的重要性，A选项“睡前习惯也可以帮助你减少焦虑”提到了睡前习惯的另外一个重要性，与前文语境相符。且与下文“Worry can make it hard to fall asleep at night, but for some people, anxiety at bedtime is common.(担心会让人晚上难以入睡，但对一些人来说，睡前焦虑是很常见的)”语境一致。故选A。 3．空处引出下文。下文“Consider trying several bedtime rituals before settling on a consistent routine. What’s important is figuring out what works for you. Start out with two or three activities according to your needs and preferences.(在确定一个固定的作息时间之前，可以考虑尝试几个睡前仪式。重要的是弄清楚什么适合你。根据你的需要和喜好，从两到三个活动开始)”可知，本段讲的是根据你的需要和喜好确定一个睡前仪式，即没有一个固定的模式。结合选项，B选项“完美的睡前仪式没有固定的模式”总结该段内容。故选B项。 4．前文“If you enjoy exercise and movement, try yoga or gentle stretching. If you find comfort in order, create a to-do list for the next day.(如果你喜欢锻炼和运动，试试瑜伽或温和的伸展运动。如果你喜欢井井有条，那就为第二天列一个待办事项清单)”列举了两种方式，E选项“如果古典音乐能让你平静下来，那就打开巴赫或莫扎特的音乐，享受沐浴”同样为if引导的条件状语从句，结构一致，且内容也为列举的一种方式。故选E。 5．前文“Wear comfortable clothes or pajamas, curl up under a cozy blanket, and keep the lights low.(穿舒适的衣服或睡衣，蜷缩在舒适的毯子下，把灯调暗)”表示睡前准备过程，C选项“然后到了睡觉的时候，你就准备好了”为上文内容的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选C。 Passage（1） （24-25高三上·北京海淀·阶段练习）The game of baseball has long been woven into the fabric of American life. It is no surprise then that the baseball glove is associated with fond memories. 1 It is also an example of a product that has been perfected over time. Originally, baseball was played without gloves because the balls were home-made and soft. Made from string covered with leather or cotton sacks stuffed with rags, the balls were easier on the hand. The late 19th century saw baseballs made by machine and standardized across the United States to be tighter and harder, and they were capable of hurting a catcher’s hands. 2 Baseball gloves were initially just leather work gloves adapted to suit the player’s needs. 3 However, the simple padded work gloves could not prevent knuckles (指关节) from bursting, fingers from splitting and bones from breaking. The solution? More padding was added to the glove. 4 This design changed little until the late1930s, when an extra flap web that looked like a fishing net was added between the thumb and the fingers. This made it possible for first basemen to catch thrown balls more easily, revolutionizing the function of the glove. During the first half of the 20th century, fielders’ gloves evolved steadily to improve their catch. Field glove designs were adapted with longer fingers, deeper pockets and larger webs between the thumb and the fingers. New designs also added lace between the fingers, making it easier for players to catch the ball. Even more significantly, a new glove design was introduced in 1957, with a special feature in the heel of the glove’s palm, which allowed the glove to completely fold around the ball. 5 This characteristic has become the standard for glove design to this day. Catchers’ and first basemen’s gloves also adopted this style. From fingerless work gloves to flashy gloves designed for each position, the evolution of the baseball glove since the early days of professional baseball is as fascinating as the game itself. Due to technological advances, we may look forward to even newer designs for baseball gloves. A．Behind every glove is a great glove story. B．If a glove is well cared for, it can last decades. C．This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch. D．However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value. E．Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch (一下夺过) the ball with only one hand. F．Early first baseball glove designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open glove design. G．For example, catchers’ gloves were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．G 4．F 5．E 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了棒球手套的演变是一个通过创新不断改进的过程。 1．根据前文“The game of baseball has long been woven into the fabric of American life. It is no surprise then that the baseball glove is associated with fond memories.(棒球运动早已融入美国人的生活。因此，棒球手套与美好的回忆联系在一起也就不足为奇了)”以及后文“It is also an example of a product that has been perfected over time.(它也是一个随着时间不断完善的产品的例子)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以D项“However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value.(然而，棒球手套不仅仅是一件具有情感价值的物品)”和前文构成转折关系，引出下文，符合文意。故选D项。 2．根据前文“The late 19th century saw baseballs made by machine and standardized across the United States to be tighter and harder, and they were capable of hurting a catcher’s hands.(19世纪后期，棒球由机器制造，并在美国标准化，变得更紧、更硬，而且能伤到接球手的手)”可推知，针对棒球会伤到接球手的手这一问题，结合全文讲棒球手套的演变，可知该空内容与人们设计出一种手套以减轻接球时的疼痛有关，C项“This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch.(这导致了手套的设计，以软化捕获)”是前句产生的结果，符合文意。故选C项。 3．根据第二段尾句“Baseball gloves were initially just leather work gloves adapted to suit the player’s needs.(棒球手套最初只是皮革工作手套，以适应球员的需要)”以及后文“However, the simple padded work gloves could not prevent knuckles (指关节) from bursting, fingers from splitting and bones from breaking. The solution? More padding was added to the glove.(然而，简单的填充工作手套并不能防止指关节破裂，手指裂开，骨头断裂。解决方案?更多的填充物被添加到手套中)”可知，此处在讲述刚开始的棒球手套的缺点，所以G项“For example, catchers’ gloves were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball.(例如，接球手的手套是没有手指的工作手套，以便球员更好地处理球)”是在举例说明早期手套的样子，承接上文，和后文构成转折关系，符合文意。故选G项。 4．根据后文“This design changed little until the late 1930s, when an extra flap web that looked like a fishing net was added between the thumb and the fingers. This made it possible for first basemen to catch thrown balls more easily, revolutionizing the function of the glove.(这种设计直到20世纪30年代末才发生了变化，当时在拇指和手指之间增加了一个看起来像渔网的额外襟翼。这使得一垒手能够更容易地接住投掷的球，彻底改变了手套的功能)”可知，空处应是提到了一种使用了较久的手套设计，手套设计与有“额外襟翼”便于接球相关，所以F项“Early first baseball glove designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open glove design.(早期的棒球手套设计从加垫的守备球员手套发展到了开放式手套设计)”符合文意。故选F项。 5．根据前文“Field glove designs were adapted with longer fingers, deeper pockets and larger webs between the thumb and the fingers. New designs also added lace between the fingers, making it easier for players to catch the ball. Even more significantly, a new glove design was introduced in 1957, with a special feature in the heel of the glove’s palm, which allowed the glove to completely fold around the ball.(Field glove的设计适应了更长的手指，更深的口袋和更大的拇指和手指之间的网。新的设计还增加了手指之间的花边，使球员更容易接球。更重要的是，1957年推出了一种新的手套设计，在手套手掌的后跟处有一个特殊的设计，可以让手套完全折叠在球周围)”以及后文“This characteristic has become the standard for glove design to this day.(这一特点至今已成为手套设计的标准)”可知，此处讲述新型手套的设计和优点，让它成为手套设计的标准，所以E项“Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch (一下夺过) the ball with only one hand.(由于这种新的设计，外野手可以很容易地用一只手抓住球)”是对这种设计优点的解释，符合文意。故选E项。 Passage（2） （24-25高三上·北京·期中）The 2024 Paris Olympic Games concluded on Aug 11, showcasing the impressive talents of China’s Generation Z athletes across various sports. They embodied the Olympic motto of “Faster, Higher, Stronger— Together”. 1 On Aug 4, 21-year-old Zheng Qinwen made history for Chinese tennis by winning the first gold medal in women’s singles for both China and Asia. 2 By winning the gold medal in the event once dominated by Western athletes, Zheng has demonstrated a striking improvement in China’s competitive sports landscape. Equally inspiring are the changes in the mindset of these young athletes. 3 When Zhang, known as China’s “butterfly queen”, didn’t win the gold medal, she showed a positive attitude. This shift in the mindset of young athletes has led the public to think more about the real value of the Olympics rather than just focusing on gold medals. 4 They were confident and inclusive, both in competition and cross-cultural interactions. This reflects the deep integration of Chinese values with the Olympic spirit. What exactly is the Olympic spirit? 5 It is not just about being faster, higher, stronger, but also about embracing sports with a positive attitude. Gen Z athletes understand this well. They pursue success, but they also know how to face failure gracefully. A．It starts with competition but goes beyond it. B．These young athletes also uphold the proud traditions of Chinese sports. C．Moreover, these young athletes played an important role in cultural exchange. D．This change in attitude has influenced how the public perceives the Olympics. E．This extraordinary progress in nontraditional sports is particularly remarkable. F．One of the most notable aspects is their new perspective on winning and losing. G．Yet there has been a shift in perspectives on the true essence of the Olympic spirit. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．F 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。2024年巴黎奥运会于8月11日落下帷幕，中国Z世代运动员在各个项目上的才华令人印象深刻。然而，人们对奥林匹克精神真谛的看法已经发生了转变。 1．空格前的句子“They embodied the Olympic motto of “Faster, Higher, Stronger— Together”.(它们体现了“更快、更高、更强”的奥林匹克格言。)”是说中国Z世代运动员体现出的奥运精神，但是下文说的是人们对奥林匹克精神真正精髓的看法发生了转变。所以，空格处的句子应该和上文是转折关系，同时引出下文的变化，所以，G项“Yet there has been a shift in perspectives on the true essence of the Olympic spirit.(然而，人们对奥林匹克精神真谛的看法已经发生了转变。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选G项。 2．空格前的句子“On Aug 4, 21-year-old Zheng Qinwen made history for Chinese tennis by winning the first gold medal in women’s singles for both China and Asia.(8月4日，21岁的郑钦文在女子单打比赛中为中国和亚洲赢得了第一枚金牌，创造了中国网球的历史。)”是说郑钦文创造了历史，空格处的句子应该是说它的历史意义，所以，E项“This extraordinary progress in nontraditional sports is particularly remarkable.(这种非传统体育运动的非凡进步尤其引人注目。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据空格前的句子“Equally inspiring are the changes in the mindset of these young athletes.(同样鼓舞人心的是这些年轻运动员心态的变化。)”和空格后的例子可知，空格处应该具体提到年轻运动员心态的变化。所以，F项“One of the most notable aspects is their new perspective on winning and losing.(其中最值得注意的一点是他们对输赢的新看法。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选F项。 4．根据空格后的句子“They were confident and inclusive, both in competition and cross-cultural interactions. This reflects the deep integration of Chinese values with the Olympic spirit.(无论是在竞争中还是在跨文化互动中，他们都充满自信和包容性。这反映了中国价值观与奥林匹克精神的深度融合。)”可知，空格处的句子应该提到年轻一代运动员体现出的中国体育的光荣传统。所以，B项“These young athletes also uphold the proud traditions of Chinese sports.(这些年轻的运动员也秉承着中国体育的光荣传统。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据空格前的句子“What exactly is the Olympic spirit?(奥林匹克精神到底是什么？)”可知，空格处的句子应该是回答上文的问题，所以A项“It starts with competition but goes beyond it.(它从竞争开始，但超越竞争。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage（3） （24-25高三上·北京朝阳·开学考试）Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. 1 There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. 2 Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out. 3 In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. 4 One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution and you are less likely to be annoyed. Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. 5 You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not. It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome. A．It will do great harm to our mental health if not treated properly. B．In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. C．Unfortunately, we are always unaware of the importance of the art of talk. D．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. E．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. F．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. G．Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members or classmates rather than holding them back. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．F 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的研究表明，如果争论得到解决，相关的情绪反应会显著减少或完全消除。与朋友、家人或同学讨论问题而不是将其憋在心里可能是值得的。 1．根据前文“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. (最近的研究表明，如果争论得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。)”可知，G项“Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members or classmates rather than holding them back. (因此，把问题告诉你的朋友、家人或同学，而不是把问题憋在心里)”和前文构成因果关系，并点出主题。故选G项。 2．根据前文“There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. (争论和吵架是有区别的。争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。)”以及后文“Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out. (然而，吵架通常包括人身攻击、提高嗓门和冲出去。)”可知，本段主要讲述争论和吵架的区别，后文介绍了吵架，所以空处应是继续说明争论，D项“You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. (你可以谦恭地参与争论，而不会激起愤怒。)”符合本段主题，承接上文，引出下文。故选D项。 3．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. (在一项研究中，2000人被要求连续8天记录他们的感受和经历。当人们发生了一场他们认为已经解决的争论时，他们的情绪反应是那些避免争论的人的一半。情绪反应是消极情绪的增加或积极情绪的减少。)”可知，本段主要讲述讨论你的问题并解决它们可以改善你的情绪健康，所以F项“Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. (讨论你的问题并解决它们，而不是把它们塞满，可以改善你的情绪健康。)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选F项。 4．根据后文“One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution and you are less likely to be annoyed. (一天后，与那些避免争吵的人相比，那些解决了争吵的人的负面情绪并没有增加。这意味着解决一场争论会让你觉得你已经达到了解决问题的状态，而且你不太可能被惹恼)”可知，此处是在讲述解决一场争吵能让你的负面情绪减半，所以B项“In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. (换句话说，解决一场争吵能让你的负面情绪减半。)”是对前文的另一种解释，并引出下文。故选B项。 5．根据前文“Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. (此外，年龄越大，你越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。)”可知，本段讲述年龄越大越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法，所以E项“This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. (这可能是因为更多的生活经验通常会导致更明确的优先事项。)”是对前句的解释，符合本段主题。故选E项。 Passage（4） （2025·北京·一模）Maintaining a Healthy Weight Many factors can affect your weight, including your genes, age, gender, lifestyle, family habits, culture and sleep. 1 Regardless, following a nutritious eating pattern and exercising regularly can help keep your body as healthy as possible as you age. Read on to learn why weight may change as you get older. Why does weight change as we age? As we age, metabolism — how the body gets energy from food — can change. This means that some older adults must become more active or eat fewer calories to maintain their ideal weight. 2 This can happen if you have less of an appetite, difficulty leaving the house to buy food, pain when chewing or swallowing. Why should older adults maintain a healthy weight? Maintaining a normal weight is crucial for healthy aging. Being overweight in older adults can lead to more health problems. These include heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and diabetes. 3 How are food, exercise, and calories connected? Staying active and choosing healthy foods can help you maintain a good weight, boost energy, and reduce health risks. Choose nutrient-rich foods and aim for 150 minutes of exercise weekly. 4 Your body needs a certain number of calories each day, depending on your activity level and other factors, to maintain your current weight. How much physical activity do I need? 5 Aim for at least 150 minutes of heart-pumping activity each week. You can break up this out over the course of seven days. If you can’t reach this goal immediately, be as active as possible. Doing something is better than nothing. A．Other older adults may lose weight unintentionally. B．Change your usual foods into healthier alternatives. C．You’d better talk with your doctor before working out. D．Exercise and physical activity are good for just about everyone. E．Some of these factors can make it hard to achieve a healthy weight. F．The energy you get from the foods and drinks is measured in calories. G．Losing weight or maintaining a healthy weight can help decrease these risks. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．G 4．F 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了保持健康体重对老年人的重要性，解释了影响体重的因素以及老年人体重变化的原因，并强调了通过健康饮食和定期锻炼来维持理想体重的重要性，最终目的是减少健康问题的风险。 1．根据上文“Many factors can affect your weight, including your genes, age, gender, lifestyle, family habits, culture and sleep.(很多因素都会影响你的体重，包括你的基因、年龄、性别、生活方式、家庭习惯、文化和睡眠)”可知，上文提到体重受多种因素影响，因此可推知，这些因素中有些可能会使得保持健康体重变得困难，故E选项“其中一些因素会使你很难达到健康的体重”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文“As we age, metabolism — how the body gets energy from food — can change. This means that some older adults must become more active or eat fewer calories to maintain their ideal weight.(随着年龄的增长，新陈代谢——身体从食物中获取能量的方式——会发生变化。这意味着一些老年人必须多运动或少摄入卡路里来保持理想体重)”可知，上文提到一些老年人需要变得更加活跃或摄入更少的卡路里，因此可推知，其他一些老年人可能会因食欲减退或其他原因而意外减重，故A选项“其他老年人可能会在无意中减肥”符合语境，故选A。 3．根据上文“Maintaining a normal weight is crucial for healthy aging. Being overweight in older adults can lead to more health problems. These include heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and diabetes.(保持正常体重对健康衰老至关重要。老年人超重会导致更多的健康问题。这些疾病包括心脏病、高血压、中风和糖尿病)”可知，上文提到超重会导致更多的健康问题，因此可推知，减重或保持健康体重有助于减少这些风险，故G选项“减肥或保持健康的体重有助于降低这些风险”符合语境，故选G。 4．根据上文“Choose nutrient-rich foods and aim for 150 minutes of exercise weekly.(选择营养丰富的食物，每周运动150分钟)”以及后文“Your body needs a certain number of calories each day, depending on your activity level and other factors, to maintain your current weight.(你的身体每天需要一定数量的卡路里，这取决于你的活动水平和其他因素，以维持你目前的体重)”可知，上文提到了选择营养丰富的食物，后文提到了需要一定数量的卡路里，可知本句主要说明卡路里获取的方式。故F选项“你从食物和饮料中获得的能量是以卡路里来衡量的”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据后文“Aim for at least 150 minutes of heart-pumping activity each week. You can break up this out over the course of seven days. If you can’t reach this goal immediately, be as active as possible. Doing something is better than nothing.(目标是每周至少进行150分钟的心脏跳动活动。你可以在七天的时间里把它分解。如果你不能立即达到这个目标，那就尽可能地积极。做点什么总比什么都不做强)”可知，后文提到每周需要至少150分钟的能使心跳加速的运动，推测本句主要说明应该每周运动的原因。故D选项“运动和体育活动对几乎每个人都有好处”符合语境，故选D。 Passage（5） （2025·北京房山·一模）Top Tips for Writing Richer Characters What’s the secret to writing the best story of your life? It starts with characterization. 1 Through your characters’ eyes, readers not only understand your world but also see themselves in your characters. Relatable characters help readers learn lessons that impact them long after finishing the book. So how do you build strong characters? Make them human. Your goal is to create unique characters. Uniqueness requires more than simply combining strange personal qualities. You have to dig deeper than that. 2 You must know where the characters come from and how their past experiences will influence their future choices. Your characters also need self-motivation and faults to be believable. They won’t feel reliable if they’re only moving as agents of the plot, and the story won’t either. No human can see themselves as perfect and faultless. 3 For a character to be relatable, a reader needs to see themselves in that character. 4 When your characters make bad choices, it doesn’t destroy the story. Your story is about those characters’ choices. Allow your characters to experience the consequences of their bad decisions. So, you can develop your characters further throughout the rest of your story. Make sure you document how your characters grow. Otherwise, they become bound by the plot and lose their relatability. Describe the central conflict from hero’s and opponent’s view. A deep understanding of both sides is vital to creating balance in your story. Both characters have motivations, desires, and fears, making the conflict richer and more engaging. It prevents any character from falling into stereotypes (刻板印象). 5 A．Make a path of progress. B．Focus on their backstory. C．Understand what your readers want. D．Great stories develop from believable characters. E．Your human readers will reject a perfect character. F．A good character possesses many positive personal qualities. G．Instead, they become multi-dimensional with their own logic. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了如何在写作中塑造更丰富的人物角色。 1．空前“What’s the secret to writing the best story of your life? It starts with characterization.(写出人生中最好的故事的秘诀是什么？首先是人物塑造)”说明写出好的故事的秘诀是人物塑造，所以好故事源于可信的人物，D项“伟大的故事源于可信的人物”与上文语义一致，符合语境，故选D。 2．空后“You must know where the characters come from and how their past experiences will influence their future choices.(你必须知道角色来自哪里，以及他们过去的经历将如何影响他们未来的选择)”说明你必须知道角色来自哪里，以及他们过去的经历将如何影响他们未来的选择，是强调角色的背景故事，B项“关注他们的背景故事”引出下文，符合语境，故选B。 3．前文“Your characters also need self-motivation and faults to be believable. They won’t feel reliable if they’re only moving as agents of the plot, and the story won’t either. No human can see themselves as perfect and faultless.(你的角色也需要自我激励和错误才能让人相信。如果他们只是作为情节的代理人而移动，他们就不会觉得可靠，故事也不会。没有人能认为自己是完美无瑕的)”主要说如果角色只是推动情节发展的工具，那么故事就会不真实，角色人物需要有血有肉，有缺点，因为没有人是完美的，角色也是如此，空后“For a character to be relatable, a reader needs to see themselves in that character.(为了让一个角色产生共鸣，读者需要在这个角色身上看到自己)”说明为了让一个角色产生共鸣，读者需要在这个角色身上看到自己，所以E项“你的人类读者会拒绝一个完美的角色”符合上下文语义，故选E。 4．根据后文“So, you can develop your characters further throughout the rest of your story. Make sure you document how your characters grow. Otherwise, they become bound by the plot and lose their relatability.(所以，你可以在接下来的故事中进一步发展你的角色。确保你记录了你的角色是如何成长的。否则，他们就会被情节所束缚，失去相关性)”可知，你可以在接下来的故事中进一步发展你的角色，务必记录下角色的成长过程，所以本段主题是为角色的发展规划一条路径，A项“开辟一条前进之路”符合语境，故选A。 5．根据本段内容“Describe the central conflict from hero’s and opponent’s view. A deep understanding of both sides is vital to creating balance in your story. Both characters have motivations, desires, and fears, making the conflict richer and more engaging. It prevents any character from falling into stereotypes(刻板印象).(从英雄和对手的角度描述中心冲突。深刻理解双方对于创造故事的平衡至关重要。两个角色都有动机、欲望和恐惧，使冲突更加丰富和吸引人。它可以防止任何角色陷入刻板印象)”可知，本段讲要从“正”“反”角色视角出发描述核心冲突。每个角色都有各自的动机、欲望和恐惧，这使得冲突更加丰富且引人入胜，可以避免任何一个角色陷入刻板印象，这样才能塑造有逻辑的多维全面的角色，故G项“相反，它们以自己的逻辑成为多维的”符合语境，故选G。 Passage（6） （2025·北京通州·一模）The Power of Thinking Differently Just in the past few weeks, my wife has become the supporter of the concept of zero-waste living. Zero-waste is obviously about changing behaviors to produce less waste. But as my wife shared with me all the inventive ways people are getting around using plastic or reusing clothes or controlling the desire to accrue (积累) things we don’t really need, I realized that, zero-waste starts with something else. 1 And in many ways, the first step, which is simply being willing to do something differently, can be the hardest step of all. This came to mind as I read a cover story in education. Ostensibly (表面上), it’s about more and more colleges agreeing to drop standardized tests as a required measure of student aptitude (天赋). 2 That is always going to be hard. But in recent decades, colleges have realized that the old ways of judging individual value, while not necessarily wrong, were narrow. While they identified one kind of student well, they did not account for a wide range of experiences, skills, and qualities that were no less important to achievement and success. 3 The tests weren’t good enough. Schools could do better. So what has happened? Schools are increasingly consenting to think differently about admissions. They have resolved to do the best they can to see the whole individual. 4 Some think dropping mandatory standardized tests is a mistake. However, once the first step is taken, the onward pull of reason and morality speed progress. At a time when there appears to be so much confusion in the world, it is possible to look out and instead see something else: the world struggling with the perpetual (长久的) task of consenting to new ideas. Politics today show how easily we can become stuck in the mentally familiar. 5 That can be an admissions officer wanting to be more thoughtful in extending the benefits that her school offers. Or it can be a zero-waste blogger asking us all to think differently about how we contribute to greater balance in the world. The only constant is the universal need for progress, and that will never leave us where it found us. A．It starts with consenting (同意) to change thought. B．Undoubtedly there have been missteps along the way. C．In short, they left a lot of amazing people out and didn’t even know it. D．But at its heart, it reveals something more fundamental: how we judge individual value. E．They offer the most challenging academic programs and ensure every student’s physical and mental health. F．The world, on the other hand, is constantly demanding that we be kinder and more connected and think ever larger. G．Many universities known to be highly selective in their admissions policies received more applicants than usual. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．G 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讲述了不同思维方式的力量，通过零浪费生活和大学录取标准的变化来阐述这一主题。 1．上文“But as my wife shared with me all the inventive ways people are getting around using plastic or reusing clothes or controlling the desire to accrue things we don’t really need, I realized that, zero-waste starts with something else.(但当我妻子和我分享人们想出的各种方法来避免使用塑料、重复使用衣服或控制购买我们并不真正需要的东西的欲望时，我意识到，零浪费始于其他的东西。)”说明“零浪费”不仅仅是一种行为上的改变，其背后有更深的含义。下文“And in many ways, the first step, which is simply being willing to do something differently, can be the hardest step of all.(在很多方面，第一步，也就是愿意以不同的方式做事，可能是最难的一步。)”强调了改变思想或思维方式的重要性，这是实现零浪费的第一步，也是最难的一步。选项A“它始于同意改变思想”符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A。 2．上文“Ostensibly, it’s about more and more colleges agreeing to drop standardized tests as a required measure of student aptitude.(表面上，这是关于越来越多的大学同意放弃将标准化考试作为学生能力的必要衡量标准。)”介绍了越来越多的大学同意放弃将标准化考试作为学生能力的必要衡量标准这一现象。空处需要解释这一变化背后的更深层次原因。选项D“但在其核心，它揭示了更根本的东西：我们如何判断个人价值”符合语境，揭示了这一变化背后的核心问题，即我们如何判断个人价值。故选D。 3．上文“While they identified one kind of student well, they did not account for a wide range of experiences, skills, and qualities that were no less important to achievement and success.(虽然他们很好地识别出了一种类型的学生，但他们并没有考虑到一系列对成就和成功同样重要的经验、技能和品质。)”指出了过去判断学生价值的方式的局限性。选项C“简而言之，他们错过了很多优秀的人，甚至都不知道”符合语境，进一步说明了这种局限性导致的后果，即很多优秀的人被忽视。故选C。 4．上文“They have resolved to do the best they can to see the whole individual.(他们决心尽自己所能看到学生的全貌。)”说明了学校在录取学生时，不再仅仅看重标准化考试的成绩，而是更注重学生的全面素质。选项G“许多以录取政策高度选择性而闻名的大学收到了比往常更多的申请者”符合语境，可能是因为学校改变了录取标准，吸引了更多不同类型的申请者。下文“Some think dropping mandatory standardized tests is a mistake.(有些人认为取消强制性标准化考试是个错误。)”中的“dropping mandatory standardized tests”与选项G中的“highly selective in their admissions policies”相呼应，进一步说明了学校录取政策的变化。故选G。 5．下文“That can be an admissions officer wanting to be more thoughtful in extending the benefits that her school offers. Or it can be a zero-waste blogger asking us all to think differently about how we contribute to greater balance in the world.(这可能是一位招生官想要更有思考地扩展她所在学校提供的福利。或者可能是一位零浪费博主要求我们所有人以不同的方式思考我们如何为世界更大的平衡做出贡献。)”中的“thinking differently”与选项F中的“think ever larger”相呼应，进一步说明了我们需要改变思维方式，以更广阔的视野来看待问题。选项F“另一方面，世界不断地要求我们更加善良、更加团结，思考得更广泛”符合语境。故选F。 Passage（1） （2024·北京·高考真题）If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 1 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 2 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 3 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 4 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 5 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A．In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B．They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C．Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D．But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E．However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F．When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G．They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．D 4．F 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 1．根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 2．根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 3．根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。 4．根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 5．根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 Passage（2） （2023·北京·高考真题）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 1．根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。 2．根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。 3．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。 4．根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。 5．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。 Passage（3） （2022·北京·高考真题）Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 1 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. 2 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 3 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 4 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 5 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A．Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B．Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C．It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D．For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E．If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F．There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G．This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．D 4．F 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。 1．根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。 2．根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。 3．根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。 4．根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。 5．根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 大题05 七选五 1. 体裁与题材 体裁：以说明文为主（占比约70%），其次为议论文和记叙文。说明文多围绕生活实用话题展开，如环保、健康、科技等。 题材：贴近学生生活，强调实用性。例如，近年真题涉及房间装饰设计、自然疗法、环保理念等主题。 2. 选项设置规律 选项分为三类：主旨概括句、过渡性句子、注释性句子。 干扰项常通过“原词复现”伪装，但逻辑与上下文不符。 近年命题更注重“语义连贯”，而非单纯依赖语法衔接，如选项可能以不完整复合句形式出现。 3. 设空位置分布 段首：多为段落主题句，需衔接前段内容（如总结或过渡句）。 段中：侧重前后句逻辑关系（如因果、转折、例证）及代词指代。 段尾：总结本段或引出下文，可能含总结性信号词（如therefore, in conclusion）。 （2025高三·北京海淀·一模）Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely. 1 . Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience. 2 Acceptance can limit judgmental thoughts and unhelpful secondary emotions. Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience. 3 With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions. 4 But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure. You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions. 5 For instance, you could turn down the volume on the initial emotion, perhaps by seeing the situation from a new perspective or asking someone for support. A．Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes. B．You can’t be productive even when you have more inner space. C．Then you may question if you are feeling anxious about getting work done. D．Yet you know you can breathe it through and that it is just a passing emotion. E．Sometimes the experience includes an unpleasant emotion you don’t want to feel. F．It might sound unreasonable that embracing an unpleasant emotion can be a good thing. G．You also create more inner space to determine whether you can do something that helps. 1. 通读全文，把握主线 首段必精读：明确文章主题、结构（总-分-总/问题-解决/现象-分析）。 段首段尾句：快速扫读各段首尾句，理清段落功能（观点/例证/总结）。 目的：避免“只见树木不见森林”，预判上下文逻辑。 2. 先易后难，排除干扰 定三选二法：优先选出 100%确定 的3个答案（通过代词、关联词、固定搭配等明显线索），剩余4项两两对比。 划掉已选选项：在选项旁标记“√”或“×”，避免重复干扰。 3. 代入验证，逻辑闭环 将选项代入原文，检查： ✅ 语法匹配：时态、主谓一致、疑问/陈述句式是否一致。 ✅ 逻辑衔接：因果关系（because→so）、转折（however）、并列（also）是否合理。 ✅ 语义连贯：是否重复关键词（同义替换）、代词（it/this/they）指代是否清晰。 Passage（1） （24-25高三上·北京石景山·期末）Time or Money? Would you rather have a higher salary or the freedom to work from anywhere in the world? According to a survey, seven out of ten surveyed readers would consider accepting a lower salary for more perks (额外收入) and benefits — one in ten would definitely do so. 1 . For today’s workforce, especially Gen Zs and millennials (千禧一代), perks extend far beyond the traditional benefits package. They are putting a lot of focus on work-life balance, career advancement, and the company’s culture and values. Among all, a flexible work arrangement tops the list of those values. 2 . The ability to control when and where they work not only boosts productivity but also helps prevent burnout. This shift enforces companies to demonstrate that they value outcomes and results over rigid schedules. In return, employees feel trusted, valued, and empowered, performing at their best when given the flexibility to balance their personal and professional lives. 3 . For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. 4 . This belief could negatively affect their chances for promotions and leadership opportunities. Looking ahead, flexible work arrangements are here to stay and will likely continue to evolve. 5 . Organizations should ensure equitable opportunities consistent with flexible work models, such as offering personalized arrangements instead of one-size-fits-all solutions. A．This is where company policies can play a crucial role. B．Employers invest a lot in creating attractive work environments. C．It provides the independence and freedom younger employees seek. D．While flexible work arrangements offer benefits, they also have drawbacks. E．Flexibility and work-life balance now outweigh financial rewards for many. F．But what are these perks and how are companies adapting to meet these expectations? G．Furthermore, those who prefer flexibility are often seen as less committed to their careers. Passage（2） （24-25高三上·北京·一模）Bedtime Rituals At the end of a long day, you might want to collapse in front of the TV and watch an episode of your favorite show. 1 Settling down with a cup of lemon tea or reading a book can tell your body it’s time to sleep. If you turn these activities into a ritual— that is, if you do them every night around the same time — you will be all the more likely to get the rest you need. A bedtime ritual is important not only because it prepares you for sleep but also because it helps establish healthy sleep habits. If your current habits don’t support good sleep, a bedtime ritual can help you make necessary changes. 2 Worry can make it hard to fall asleep at night, but for some people, anxiety at bedtime is common. Rituals can provide comfort by offering predictability and structure. Some rituals, such as journaling, might also relieve anxiety by giving the writer a fresh perspective or sense of meaning. 3 Consider trying several bedtime rituals before settling on a consistent routine. What’s important is figuring out what works for you. Start out with two or three activities according to your needs and preferences. If you enjoy exercise and movement, try yoga or gentle stretching. If you find comfort in order, create a to-do list for the next day. 4 Whether your bedtime ritual takes place in bed or somewhere else, make sure your environment is relaxing. Wear comfortable clothes or pajamas, curl up under a cozy blanket, and keep the lights low. 5 A．Bedtime rituals can also help you reduce anxiety. B．There’s no fixed format for the perfect bedtime ritual. C．Then when the time comes to fall asleep, you’ll be ready. D．For adults, bedtime rituals typically last 30 minutes to an hour. E．If classical music calms you, turn on some Bach or Mozart enjoying a bath. F．But engaging in some bedtime activities could actually help you sleep better. G．Evidence indicates that people who read a book in bed have better sleep quality. Passage（1） （24-25高三上·北京海淀·阶段练习）The game of baseball has long been woven into the fabric of American life. It is no surprise then that the baseball glove is associated with fond memories. 1 It is also an example of a product that has been perfected over time. Originally, baseball was played without gloves because the balls were home-made and soft. Made from string covered with leather or cotton sacks stuffed with rags, the balls were easier on the hand. The late 19th century saw baseballs made by machine and standardized across the United States to be tighter and harder, and they were capable of hurting a catcher’s hands. 2 Baseball gloves were initially just leather work gloves adapted to suit the player’s needs. 3 However, the simple padded work gloves could not prevent knuckles (指关节) from bursting, fingers from splitting and bones from breaking. The solution? More padding was added to the glove. 4 This design changed little until the late1930s, when an extra flap web that looked like a fishing net was added between the thumb and the fingers. This made it possible for first basemen to catch thrown balls more easily, revolutionizing the function of the glove. During the first half of the 20th century, fielders’ gloves evolved steadily to improve their catch. Field glove designs were adapted with longer fingers, deeper pockets and larger webs between the thumb and the fingers. New designs also added lace between the fingers, making it easier for players to catch the ball. Even more significantly, a new glove design was introduced in 1957, with a special feature in the heel of the glove’s palm, which allowed the glove to completely fold around the ball. 5 This characteristic has become the standard for glove design to this day. Catchers’ and first basemen’s gloves also adopted this style. From fingerless work gloves to flashy gloves designed for each position, the evolution of the baseball glove since the early days of professional baseball is as fascinating as the game itself. Due to technological advances, we may look forward to even newer designs for baseball gloves. A．Behind every glove is a great glove story. B．If a glove is well cared for, it can last decades. C．This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch. D．However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value. E．Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch (一下夺过) the ball with only one hand. F．Early first baseball glove designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open glove design. G．For example, catchers’ gloves were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball. Passage（2） （24-25高三上·北京·期中）The 2024 Paris Olympic Games concluded on Aug 11, showcasing the impressive talents of China’s Generation Z athletes across various sports. They embodied the Olympic motto of “Faster, Higher, Stronger— Together”. 1 On Aug 4, 21-year-old Zheng Qinwen made history for Chinese tennis by winning the first gold medal in women’s singles for both China and Asia. 2 By winning the gold medal in the event once dominated by Western athletes, Zheng has demonstrated a striking improvement in China’s competitive sports landscape. Equally inspiring are the changes in the mindset of these young athletes. 3 When Zhang, known as China’s “butterfly queen”, didn’t win the gold medal, she showed a positive attitude. This shift in the mindset of young athletes has led the public to think more about the real value of the Olympics rather than just focusing on gold medals. 4 They were confident and inclusive, both in competition and cross-cultural interactions. This reflects the deep integration of Chinese values with the Olympic spirit. What exactly is the Olympic spirit? 5 It is not just about being faster, higher, stronger, but also about embracing sports with a positive attitude. Gen Z athletes understand this well. They pursue success, but they also know how to face failure gracefully. A．It starts with competition but goes beyond it. B．These young athletes also uphold the proud traditions of Chinese sports. C．Moreover, these young athletes played an important role in cultural exchange. D．This change in attitude has influenced how the public perceives the Olympics. E．This extraordinary progress in nontraditional sports is particularly remarkable. F．One of the most notable aspects is their new perspective on winning and losing. G．Yet there has been a shift in perspectives on the true essence of the Olympic spirit. Passage（3） （24-25高三上·北京朝阳·开学考试）Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. 1 There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. 2 Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out. 3 In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. 4 One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution and you are less likely to be annoyed. Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. 5 You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not. It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome. A．It will do great harm to our mental health if not treated properly. B．In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. C．Unfortunately, we are always unaware of the importance of the art of talk. D．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. E．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. F．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. G．Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members or classmates rather than holding them back. Passage（4） （2025·北京·一模）Maintaining a Healthy Weight Many factors can affect your weight, including your genes, age, gender, lifestyle, family habits, culture and sleep. 1 Regardless, following a nutritious eating pattern and exercising regularly can help keep your body as healthy as possible as you age. Read on to learn why weight may change as you get older. Why does weight change as we age? As we age, metabolism — how the body gets energy from food — can change. This means that some older adults must become more active or eat fewer calories to maintain their ideal weight. 2 This can happen if you have less of an appetite, difficulty leaving the house to buy food, pain when chewing or swallowing. Why should older adults maintain a healthy weight? Maintaining a normal weight is crucial for healthy aging. Being overweight in older adults can lead to more health problems. These include heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and diabetes. 3 How are food, exercise, and calories connected? Staying active and choosing healthy foods can help you maintain a good weight, boost energy, and reduce health risks. Choose nutrient-rich foods and aim for 150 minutes of exercise weekly. 4 Your body needs a certain number of calories each day, depending on your activity level and other factors, to maintain your current weight. How much physical activity do I need? 5 Aim for at least 150 minutes of heart-pumping activity each week. You can break up this out over the course of seven days. If you can’t reach this goal immediately, be as active as possible. Doing something is better than nothing. A．Other older adults may lose weight unintentionally. B．Change your usual foods into healthier alternatives. C．You’d better talk with your doctor before working out. D．Exercise and physical activity are good for just about everyone. E．Some of these factors can make it hard to achieve a healthy weight. F．The energy you get from the foods and drinks is measured in calories. G．Losing weight or maintaining a healthy weight can help decrease these risks. Passage（5） （2025·北京房山·一模）Top Tips for Writing Richer Characters What’s the secret to writing the best story of your life? It starts with characterization. 1 Through your characters’ eyes, readers not only understand your world but also see themselves in your characters. Relatable characters help readers learn lessons that impact them long after finishing the book. So how do you build strong characters? Make them human. Your goal is to create unique characters. Uniqueness requires more than simply combining strange personal qualities. You have to dig deeper than that. 2 You must know where the characters come from and how their past experiences will influence their future choices. Your characters also need self-motivation and faults to be believable. They won’t feel reliable if they’re only moving as agents of the plot, and the story won’t either. No human can see themselves as perfect and faultless. 3 For a character to be relatable, a reader needs to see themselves in that character. 4 When your characters make bad choices, it doesn’t destroy the story. Your story is about those characters’ choices. Allow your characters to experience the consequences of their bad decisions. So, you can develop your characters further throughout the rest of your story. Make sure you document how your characters grow. Otherwise, they become bound by the plot and lose their relatability. Describe the central conflict from hero’s and opponent’s view. A deep understanding of both sides is vital to creating balance in your story. Both characters have motivations, desires, and fears, making the conflict richer and more engaging. It prevents any character from falling into stereotypes (刻板印象). 5 A．Make a path of progress. B．Focus on their backstory. C．Understand what your readers want. D．Great stories develop from believable characters. E．Your human readers will reject a perfect character. F．A good character possesses many positive personal qualities. G．Instead, they become multi-dimensional with their own logic. Passage（6） （2025·北京通州·一模）The Power of Thinking Differently Just in the past few weeks, my wife has become the supporter of the concept of zero-waste living. Zero-waste is obviously about changing behaviors to produce less waste. But as my wife shared with me all the inventive ways people are getting around using plastic or reusing clothes or controlling the desire to accrue (积累) things we don’t really need, I realized that, zero-waste starts with something else. 1 And in many ways, the first step, which is simply being willing to do something differently, can be the hardest step of all. This came to mind as I read a cover story in education. Ostensibly (表面上), it’s about more and more colleges agreeing to drop standardized tests as a required measure of student aptitude (天赋). 2 That is always going to be hard. But in recent decades, colleges have realized that the old ways of judging individual value, while not necessarily wrong, were narrow. While they identified one kind of student well, they did not account for a wide range of experiences, skills, and qualities that were no less important to achievement and success. 3 The tests weren’t good enough. Schools could do better. So what has happened? Schools are increasingly consenting to think differently about admissions. They have resolved to do the best they can to see the whole individual. 4 Some think dropping mandatory standardized tests is a mistake. However, once the first step is taken, the onward pull of reason and morality speed progress. At a time when there appears to be so much confusion in the world, it is possible to look out and instead see something else: the world struggling with the perpetual (长久的) task of consenting to new ideas. Politics today show how easily we can become stuck in the mentally familiar. 5 That can be an admissions officer wanting to be more thoughtful in extending the benefits that her school offers. Or it can be a zero-waste blogger asking us all to think differently about how we contribute to greater balance in the world. The only constant is the universal need for progress, and that will never leave us where it found us. A．It starts with consenting (同意) to change thought. B．Undoubtedly there have been missteps along the way. C．In short, they left a lot of amazing people out and didn’t even know it. D．But at its heart, it reveals something more fundamental: how we judge individual value. E．They offer the most challenging academic programs and ensure every student’s physical and mental health. F．The world, on the other hand, is constantly demanding that we be kinder and more connected and think ever larger. G．Many universities known to be highly selective in their admissions policies received more applicants than usual. Passage（1） （2024·北京·高考真题）If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 1 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 2 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 3 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 4 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 5 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A．In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B．They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C．Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D．But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E．However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F．When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G．They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. Passage（2） （2023·北京·高考真题）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. Passage（3） （2022·北京·高考真题）Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 1 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. 2 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 3 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 4 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 5 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A．Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B．Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C．It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D．For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E．If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F．There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G．This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$