17 课时精练 Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版2020）

课时精练(十四)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) 层级一　过基础　教材核心知识精准练 维度1　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式 1．I'm afraid I won't be available.I will_be_seeing(see) a friend off at three o'clock this afternoon. 2．I will_be_having(have) a meeting at 4 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. 3．What do you think you will be doing(do) at this time next year? 4．I'll be_travelling(travel) with my parents in Europe in October. 5．This time next week I will_be_lying(lie) on the beach，enjoying the sunshine. 6．Next Friday I will go to another concert. They will_be_playing(play) something by Mozart at that time. 7．I hope some day you will_find(find) the woman who will make you happy. 8．Your encouragement will_stimulate(stimulate) me to further efforts. 维度2　语法与写作 1．很抱歉，到那时我的演讲就结束了，我要请我的客人吃晚饭。 I'm sorry，by then my lecture will have ended and I will_be_treating_my_guests_to_dinner． 2．Jane不能参加今天下午3点的会议，因为那时她要上课。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will_be_teaching_a_class at that time. 3．今天晚上六点想去见他是没有用的，因为那时他将在诊所工作。 It's no use trying to see him at six this evening because he will_be_working in the clinic then. 4．她在这里学习已经五年了，明年这个时候，她就毕业了。 She has been studying here for five years and by this time next year，she will_have_graduated． 5．我不太确定十年后我会做什么。 I'm not really sure what I will_be_doing_in ten years from now. 维度3　语法与语篇——根据汉语提示完成语段 Now they are sitting in their classroom.They are listening to a tape.This time tomorrow they 1.will_be_sitting_in_the_cinema(将正坐在电影院里).They 2.will_be_watching_a_film(将在看电影).On Saturday there is no class.So on Saturday they 3.will_not_be_sitting_in_the_classroom(不会坐在教室里).They will 4.be_doing_other_things(做着别的事).Bill 5.will_be_playing_tennis(将在打网球).Ann 6.will_be_shopping(将在购物).George 7.will_still_be_having_breakfast(仍在吃早饭). 层级二　过能力　学科必备素养提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·湖南省湘潭县高二期末) British researchers say they have created an artificial intelligence (AI) model that is highly effective at predicting rainfall within the next 90 minutes. The model was built by scientists at Google­owned research company DeepMind in London. The company partnered with researchers at the University of Exeter in Britain and the Met Office，the British government's national weather service.The team says tests of the system showed it produced more accurate predictions，or forecasts，for short­term rainfall than other existing systems. Accurate nowcasting can be a very important tool for preparing for possible weather emergencies. It can be used by officials in the areas of water management，agriculture，air and ground traffic control and outdoor event planning.“We were especially interested in the ability of these models to make predictions on medium to heavy­rain events，which are the events that most impact people and the economy，” the team said.The scientists said their model aims to create predictive “movies” of immediate weather patterns. They said that，unlike other systems，theirs can accurately capture large­scale events，as well as several different rain possibilities. This combination permits “rainfall uncertainties” to be deeply explored. During the testing process，the team said the model showed “statistically significant” improvements in these areas compared to competing methods. In addition，the researchers reported that a group of more than 50 weather experts from the Met Office rated the AI model to be more accurate and useful in 89 percent of cases than existing forecasting systems. Despite the study results，researchers admitted that the model still has limitations. They said “more work is needed to improve the accuracy of long­term predictions and the accuracy on rare and intense events.” The team said it will now center on developing new methods to test and measure the model's performance.It will also work to create more specialized systems to work in real­world conditions. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国研究人员创建了一种人工智能模型，可以高效预测未来90分钟内的降雨。 1. What do we know about the new AI model? A．The model is created by researchers of Met Office. B．The model can predict any rainfall within 90 minutes. C．The model needs improving in long­term forecasting. D．The model has been used in real­world conditions. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Despite the study results，...the accuracy on rare and intense events.”可知，在长期预测中，该模型需要改进，故选C。] 2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The difficulty of accurate nowcasting. B．The relationship between weather forecasting and economy. C．The necessity of building the new AI model. D．The principles of the new model. C　[段落大意题。通读第三段及第一句“Accurate nowcasting can be a very important tool for preparing for possible weather emergencies.”可知，本段主要讲述了构建新的人工智能模型的必要性，故选C。] 3. Why does the writer mention the weather experts from the Met Office in Paragraph 4? A．To prove the advantage of the new model. B．To compare the new model with the old systems. C．To explain the rule of weather forecasting. D．To show how the existing system works. A　[写作手法题。根据第四段中“In addition，the researchers reported ...than existing forecasting systems.”可知，作者提到了来自英国气象局的气象专家是为了证明新模式的优势，故选A。] 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Existing Forecasting system Needs Improving B．AI Predicts Immediate Rainfall Better than Existing Systems C．New Explorations in Weather Predictions D．New Methods on Testing the AI Model's Performance B　[标题归纳题。通读全文及第二段“The team says tests of the system showed it produced more accurate predictions，or forecasts，for short­term rainfall than other existing systems.”可知，本文的最佳标题为AI Predicts Immediate Rainfall Better than Existing Systems，故选B。] B (2022·广东省惠州市高二期中) Growing up，we are constantly reminded that young people are heavily affected by technology. We are the “antisocial club”，those who prefer to text our friends in the same room rather than make eye contact with them. And even though never­ending studies reveal to us the extent of our social media addiction，we should at least consider that it's not only our young people's problem any more. There's the rise of the Instagram mums，who like to post an abundance of cute baby pictures，share their mom feelings along the way and show their wonderful lifestyles. They are the so­called “Facebook mum generation”，a growing group of parents that like to overshare. While all of this might be fine，and even a little humorous，new research suggests that parents' technology addiction is negatively affecting their children's behavior. According to the study，40% of mothers and 32% of fathers have admitted having some sort of phone addiction. This has led to a significant fall in verbal interactions within families and even a decline in mothers' encouraging their children. There is no denying that I get annoyed when receiving the words “I'll be with you soon” from a parent，when all I want to do is ask one question. But，at the same time，every day leaving the room to wait until my father is finished with his “serious business” (Farmville)，has now become the norm. Whether you want to escape your disturbing children for a bit，or want to stay up late flicking through Twitter，know that wanting to do all of these is normal. We，your children，know how addictive it can be and how difficult it is to switch off.But before telling us to put our phones away at the table or even worse，listing statistics of how damaging social media can be for us，maybe lead by example，considering how much time you spend on the phone and how this is impacting your children and your relationship with us. Maybe in this way we can work on our addiction together. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论如今青少年有严重沉迷手机的现象，但新的研究表明，父母对科技产品的沉迷会对孩子的行为产生负面影响。 5．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．Teenagers nowadays enjoy socializing with their friends. B．Teenagers nowadays send messages to their friends every day. C．Teenagers nowadays hate to make eye contact with their friends. D．Teenagers nowadays are heavily addicted to their mobile phones. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，如今的青少年严重沉迷于他们的手机。故选D。] 6．What does the author think of mums' oversharing? A．Boring.　　　　　 B．Selfish. C．Funny. D．Meaningful. C　[观点态度题。根据第二段“There's the rise of the Instagram mums，a growing group of parents that like to overshare.”以及第三段“While all of this might be fine，and even a little humorous”可知，作者认为妈妈们的过度分享是滑稽可笑的，其中humorous是关键词，故选C。] 7．The underlined word “norm” in Paragraph 4 probably means______． A．security B．standard C．routine D．custom C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Whether you want to escape ...know that wanting to do all of these is normal.”可知，每天离开房间等待父亲做完 “正经事”(Farmville)，现在已经成了一种常态。故画线词意思是“惯例，常规”。故选C。] 8．What's the main purpose of the article? A．To share the author's own experience with the readers. B．To call on parents to get rid of their own media addiction. C．To reveal that parents are always addicted to mobile phones. D．To show the author's dissatisfaction with parents' phone use. B　[写作目的题。根据最后一段中“But before telling us to put our phones away ...Maybe in this way we can work on our addiction together.”可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁家长们摆脱对媒体的沉迷。故选B。] C (2022·黑龙江省大庆市高二开学考试) Most of the 20th century has been a development on the Industrial Revolution taken to an extreme(极端): people now own more products than ever before; there are enough nuclear weapons to destroy the earth several times over; there is hardly any forest left and pollution has got to the point where we buy water. Within a few years I predict you will be able to buy air—there once was a time when you didn't need to buy food or shelter either. Important developments in the last century are the breaking down of the class structures left over from the Industrial Revolution stage，bringing with it the empowerment(授权)of the “common man”： the working day is set by law to only 8 hours a day; everyone has the vote; the media has less obvious government control; people have landed on the moon，sent spacecraft to Mars and so on. Families have also been shrinking;the nuclear family came about，and especially in the last half of the 20th century，one­parent families are becoming more common. The smaller size of the family shows the increased independence of people—once upon a time people had to live in large groups to survive. Humans have realized their personality and independence and taken their control of the world to an extreme.In many countries the land is almost completely used in the production of food and as living space.People live in small cities which are entirely human constructed ，made from materials which are also entirely human constructed(concrete bricks)with hardly any remains of nature.Weeds are poisoned because they are messy; even parks have trees grown in tidy lines; grass is mowed to keep it short and soon. I think the massive drug “problem” troubling people is a result of too much of this influence，humans needing to escape the dull world they have created by entering fantasy worlds. Over the last 100 years，the 20th century consciousness has spread throughout the world.Most of Asia has been thoroughly “Westernized”，and most of the Third World is being over­run by Western ways of doing things and living. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了工业革命给20世纪人类社会带来的改变。 9. How is the text mainly developed? A．By giving examples and stating facts. B．By stating facts and making comparisons. C．By listing facts and arguing. D．By predicting and concluding. B　[写作手法题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Most of the 20th century has been a development...pollution has got to the point where we buy water.”可推断出，文章主要是通过陈述事实和进行比较来开展的，故选B。] 10. What does the underlined word “shrinking” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Becoming smaller. B．Getting better off. C．Disappearing sharply. D．Becoming popular. A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段的“the nuclear family came about，and especially in the last half of the 20th century，one­parent families are becoming more common”可知家庭在萎缩，因此画线词shrinking的意思是“缩小”，即Becoming smaller，故选A。] 11. Which of the following situations is NOT mentioned in the text? A．Effects of pollution. B．Changes in people's way of living. C．Development in science and technology. D．Control of population. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“there is hardly any forest left and pollution has got to the point where we buy water. Within a few years I predict you will be able to buy air”可知，此处提到了污染的影响；根据第二段的“The smaller size of the family shows the increased independence of people—once upon a time people had to live in large groups to survive.”可知，此处提到了人们生活方式的改变；根据第二段的“people have landed on the moon，sent spacecraft to Mars and so on.”可知，此处提到了科技的发展，因此D选项没有被提到，故选D。] 12. What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．Birth rate is over controlled. B．Population quality has greatly improved. C．People have more rights and freedom. D．Government has lost control of society. C　[推理判断题。根据第二段的“the working day is set by law to only 8 hours a day; everyone has the vote; the media has less obvious government control”可推断出人们有更多的权利和自由。故选C。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2022·广东省广州市高二期中) Children may not be putting coins into piggy banks for much longer. With the move towards a cashless society，pocket money is moving digital. To reflect this trend，a number of mobile budgeting apps for children has sprung up worldwide.__1__ Parents can add money to children's accounts，set limits and monitor transactions，while children can choose to save their money or spend it using a prepaid card.The companies behind the apps argue that in an increasingly cashless society，they can be a valuable way of teaching young children about money. __2__ These apps aim to overcome this，claiming to teach children financial concepts，such as budgeting，interest rates and income.For instance，the Swedish app Gimi has virtual savings jars where children can deposit money; parents can pay children interest as they save.Philip Haglund，CEO of Gimi believes the app has certain advantages like teaching responsible real­life spending habits，while schools tend to focus more on economic theory. “You don't become better at money management just because you have a degree in economics. __3__” he says. One concern is that introducing digital money apps to young children could help to encourage irresponsible spending habits. “What if children don't have a good foundation in financial capability? __4__ They won't learn about the real value of money and might develop bad money habits. ” says an expert. However, Haglund says it is important for kids to learn and make mistakes，“We want to help kids and teenagers gain financial skills for life.__5__ If you're going to make a mistake of ￡10 at eight，it's better than making a mistake of ￡1，000 when you're 28，”he says. A．The earlier，the better. B．They offer a simple money management service for children. C．There's a risk that money apps could be seen as just another game. D．The growth of digital banking has affected how parents give pocket money. E．Now money is being transferred through cyberspace，which is really abstract. F．It's more about the attitude and the relationship you have with parents money. G．30% teenagers are unable to make simple financial decisions，according to a global survey. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就给孩子零花钱开始变得“移动化”提出了不同的观点。 1．B　[根据上文“To reflect this trend，a number of mobile budgeting apps for children has sprung up worldwide.”可知，选项承接上文说明这些手机应用的功能是什么。故选B项。] 2．G　[根据下文“These apps aim to overcome this，claiming to teach children financial concepts，such as budgeting，interest rates and income.”可知，下文是对选项的说明，overcome this呼应30% teenagers are unable to make simple financial decisions。故选G项。] 3．F　[根据上文“You don't become better at money management just because you have a degree in economics.”可知，选项承接上文说明理财重要的是哪一方面。故选F项。] 4．C　[根据上文“What if children don't have a good foundation in financial capability？”以及根据下文“They won't learn about the real value of money and might develop bad money habits.”可知，选项回答上文所问的问题，下文说明选项所导致的后果。故选C项。] 5．A　[根据上文“We want to help kids and teenagers gain financial skills for life.”以及根据下文“If you're going to make a mistake of ￡10 at eight，it's better than making a mistake of ￡1，000 when you're 28”可知，选项承接上文，下文是对选项的具体说明。The earlier，the better呼应“If you' re going to make a mistake of ￡10 at eight，it's better than making a mistake of ￡1，000 when you're 28”。故选A项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·湖南省郴州市高二期末) As computing power increases and algorithms (运算法则) become 1.________ (complicated) and even cleverer，AI develops at a very rapid pace.You can better enjoy your life by pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you. Some essential abilities 2.________ (learn) from experience，adjust to new inputs and perform tasks like humans are what AI is expected to gain. The term AI 3.________ (coin) in the mid­1950s. That Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 was 4.________ breakthrough in AI. Nowadays，AI is being applied in many 5.________ (field)，such as finance，health care and so on. In short，this technology is transforming the way we live.With machines like AlphaGo now capable 6.________ thinking and learning from their mistakes，we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. In the future，it could 7.________ (significant) reduce the burden of long­lasting disease，8.________ (allow) people to live healthier lives for longer lifespan. There is no doubt that these benefits are accompanied by concerns and fears. An increasing number of concerns about AI arise，9.________ demands our attention. We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI. We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do all the work for us. But the key is that we should not be too 10.________ (greed). 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了人工智能的发展优势以及与之伴随的一些令人恐惧和担忧的问题。 1．more complicated　[考查形容词比较级。根据句意和后文cleverer可知，此处应用形容词complicated的比较级和后文并列作become的表语。故填more complicated。] 2．to learn　[考查非谓语动词。ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”是固定用法，用动词不定式作后置定语，且learn和adjust及perform并列。故填to learn。] 3．was coined　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。谓语动词coin(创造新词，首次使用)和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in the mid­1950s，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The term AI为第三人称单数，故填was coined。] 4．a　[考查冠词。后文可数名词单数breakthrough是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，因其发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。] 5．fields　[考查名词的单复数。根据前文many可知，此处应用可数名词复数形式作介词宾语。故填fields。] 6．of　[考查介词。capable of doing sth.“能够做某事”是固定搭配。故填of。] 7．significantly　[考查词性转换。修饰动词reduce应用副词。故填significantly。] 8．allowing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语，动词allow和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用动词­ing形式作结果状语。故填allowing。] 9．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句，关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填which。] 10．greedy　[考查词性转换。根据前文系动词be可知，此处应用形容词作表语。故填greedy。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$