2 课时精练 Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版2020）

课时精练(二)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) 层级一　过基础　教材核心知识精准练 维度1　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式 1．He had_tried (try) his best although he failed again. 2．By the time when he was seventeen，Tom had_founded (found) his own business. 3．The train had_left (leave) before I got to the station. 4．I had_learnt/learned(learn) English for seven years when I graduated from high school. 5．She said she had_seen (see) the headmaster already. 6．It was the first time that I had_chatted(chat) online in English. 7．I had_planned(plan) to meet you at the airport，but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.　 8．Hardly had she heard the criticism when she burst into tears. 9．Rowling began to write a review after she had_watched (watch) the movie. 10．He_entered(enter) the room，turned on the light and read an evening paper. 维度2　语法与写作 1．今天上午十点钟前，他已完成了这项工作。 He had_finished_the_work before ten o'clock this morning. 2．到上个学期末，我们至少已经学了四年英语。 By the end of last term，we had_learned_English at least for four years. 3．我刚到家就下雨了。 No sooner had_I_reached_home_than it began to rain. 4．在我妈妈回来之前，我已经完成了作业。 I had_already_finished_my_homework before my mother returned. 5．昨天我看到了David。自离开学校以来，我们都没有见过面。 I saw David yesterday.We had_not_seen_each_other since we left school. 6．我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。 I had_hoped to be back last night，but I didn't catch the train. 维度3　语法与语篇——根据汉语提示完成语段 Tom said he 1.had_gone_to_Tianjin(已经去了天津) the week before.2.This_was_the_second _time_that_he_had_gone_there(这是他第二次去那). It was about six years 3.since_he_had _visited_Tianjin(自从他去天津).He said 4.a_lot_of_changes_had_happened(发生很多变化) to Tianjin.In his opinion，Tianjin is one of the most beautiful cities that he 5.has_ever_visited(曾经参观过的).He feels fortunate living in Tianjin. 层级二　过能力　学科必备素养提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·河北省定州市高二期末) In early September，Sally and Jon Watkinson found something unusual on their dog's back.A baby possum (负鼠) held on to the coat of their dog，Kato.“Kato seemed to barely notice it was there，” Sally posted on Facebook.“It's most surprising that Kato was not barking madly at it.” The couple spent the day searching for a safe place to drop off the possum.After looking for wildlife rescue organizations，they eventually brought their dog into the vet with the animal still attached.The vet staff removed the baby，which they determined to be a little girl，to a wildlife career.Although wildlife rescuers are trying to locate the baby's mother，they have been unsuccessful so far. Only a day later，it happened again—on the same dog.“UPDATE！！！ It happened again！！！” Sally updated on Facebook.“Today I found Kato again with another baby possum，this time on his actual back.” According to Sally，this possum seemed to be digging into Kato more，but again the dog didn't seem to mind.“This time，the vet nurse nearly fell off her chair when we turned up，” Sally said. In her post，Sally added that the initial possum was doing well.The second possum was a boy who was also sent to a wildlife shelter.According to the nurse，possums usually deliver babies of two or three，so the Watkinsons need to keep their eyes open for a third possum rider. In the comments，Sally said that she thinks the possum will be okay.“He's probably not quite weaned (断奶) yet but seemed well enough and was struggling on for dear life，” she wrote.“I think he found the right dog for that.” Commenters added that this wasn't the first time a dog had adopted a possum.Dog owners told stories of possums “riding” their dogs and following their dogs around.If you own a dog，check its fur for possible riders. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了负鼠骑在萨莉家的狗的背上，兽医把负鼠取了下来，后来又有了一只负鼠，萨莉把此事发布在了Facebook上。 1．What did the dog surprise its masters most? A．It behaved like a fool. B．It treated a possum as its enemy. C．It didn't want to leave the possum. D．It was very calm with a possum attached. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“‘It's most surprising that Kato was not barking madly at it.’”可知，这只狗最使主人吃惊的是有负鼠在它的背上，它还很平静。故选D。] 2. How did the nurse react to the second possum on the dog? A．She could hardly believe her eyes. B．She burst into laughter. C．She was nearly scared to death. D．She kept calm. A　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“‘This time，the vet nurse nearly fell off her chair when we turned up’”可知，护士对狗身上的第二只负鼠的反应是她简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。故选A。] 3. What did the nurse remind the couple of? A．The dog might harm another possum. B．A mother possum might visit. C．The couple might ask for advice again. D．A third possum might appear. D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“According to...so the Watkinsons need to keep their eyes open for a third possum rider.”可知，护士提醒了这对夫妇第三只负鼠可能会出现。故选D。] 4. What did the commenters think of this event? A．Familiar.　　　　　 B．Serious. C．Unusual. D．Mysterious. A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Commenters added that...following their dogs around.”可知，评论者认为这件事是熟悉的。故选A。] B (2022·河南省焦作市高二期末) An Italian company has told staff to stop sending any internal (内部) emails for a week in an effort to reduce stress levels. Home textiles company Gabel，based in the northern Como region，appointed an expert to interview its employees about what their main concerns were at work，the local La Provincia di Como website reports.Many said that managing the huge volume of internal emails was a burden during the working day.That pushed the company's management to propose a solution，which—somewhat ironically—was sent to all staff in an email. “Together we will begin the following experiment，which will take us back in time to when people talked more，” managing director Emilio Colombo wrote，declaring an “email­free” week until 13 November.“We invite you not to use email for internal communications (between colleagues at the same location)，in favor of a more direct and immediate contact.” The company's president，Michele Moltrasio，tells the BBC it hasn't been easy to stop such an “ingrained” practice，temporarily，but that employees have welcomed the challenge.“They are rediscovering the pleasure of meeting and talking rather than writing，” he says.And that includes Mr.Moltrasio，who is avoiding emails along with everyone else.“Even if from next week we all go back to using email，these days of experimentation are very worthwhile，to understand and rethink the methods and pace of working，” he says. Several recent studies have found that a high volume of emails raises stress levels at work.In 2013，researchers said that a full inbox led to peaks in people's blood pressure and heart rate.And last year，a study at the University of British Columbia found that limiting email use during the day lowered people's stress levels “significantly”． 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利一家公司为了减轻员工的工作压力，发起了一项暂时停止使用电子邮件的活动。 5. What did an Italian company do to reduce its employees' pressure at work? A．Ask its employees not to send emails anymore. B．Launch a campaign to stop using emails temporarily. C．Ask experts to design a new way of communication. D．Interview employees about their concerns at work. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“An Italian company has told staff to stop sending any internal (内部) emails for a week in an effort to reduce stress levels.”可知，意大利一家公司发起了一项暂时停止使用电子邮件的活动，以减轻员工的工作压力。故选B。] 6. According to the passage，what does the underlined word “ingrained” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Deep­rooted.　　　 B．Highly­praised. C．Newly­released. D．Commonly­seen. A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“it hasn't been easy to stop”及语境可知，要阻止它(发送任何内部邮件)并不容易，因为可能大家已经习惯了这种沟通方式。由此推知，画线的词ingrained与deep­rooted(根深蒂固的)意思接近。故选A。] 7. What can be inferred from the passage? A．Emails have been an outdated means of communication in the company. B．Employees don't communicate with each other so directly as they did in the past. C．It is quite easy for employees to stop using emails. D．Employees' working stress is due to the large number of emails they deal with every day. B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We invite you not to use email for internal communications (between colleagues at the same location)，in favor of a more direct and immediate contact.”可知，员工之间现在不像过去那样直接沟通了。故选B。] 8. What is the employees' attitude towards this solution? A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. B　[观点态度题。根据第四段中的“The company's president，Michele Moltrasio，tells the BBC it hasn't been easy to stop such an “ingrained” practice，temporarily，but that employees have welcomed the challenge.”可知，员工们对这个解决方案持支持态度。故选B。] C (2022·湖北省襄阳市高二调研考试) Young people spending hours staring at screens means half the world may need glasses within 30 years. Phone devices and computer screens are to blame for the rising risk of short­sightedness among children and young adults，say scientists.Researchers have found high levels of looking at a phone or tablet are linked with around a 30 percent higher risk of shortsightedness，also known as myopia (近视).But when it is combined with excessive computer use，that risk rose to around 80 percent.Researchers fear that this could mean that by 2050，half the world or five billion people could be short­sighted. The authors examined more than 3，000 studies investigating smart device exposure and myopia in children and young adults aged between three months old and 33 years old. In 2019，the WHO recommended children under two should not have any screen time and children aged two to five should have no more than one hour a day of sedentary screen time. But in the same year，a CensusWide survey of 2，000 British families found children were spending an average of 23 hours a week staring at screens.Numerous studies have also suggested that number has vastly increased during the COVID­19 pandemic. Professor Bourne at Anglia Ruskin University said，“Around half the global population is expected to have myopia by 2050，so it is a health concern that is escalating quickly.” “Our study is the most comprehensive yet on this issue and shows a potential link between screen time and myopia in young people.This research comes at a time when our children have been spending more time than ever looking at screens for long periods，due to school closures，and it is clear that urgent research is needed to further understand how exposure to digital devices can affect our eyes and vision，” added he. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家称手机和电脑屏幕是儿童和年轻人近视风险上升的罪魁祸首，并预计到2050年，世界上有一半人可能患近视。 9. What are the reasons for myopia in half of the population in the future? A．Due to school closures. B．Overburdened with schoolwork. C．Lack of exercise and self­control. D． The popularization of electronic equipment. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Phone devices...say scientists.”及最后两句“But when it is combined with excessive computer use...five billion people could be short­sighted.”可知，过度使用电脑和手机将导致世界上一半人近视，可见这个近视问题与电子设备的普及有着很大关联。故选D项。] 10. Which can replace the underlined word “escalating” in Paragraph 5? A．Worsening. B．Spreading. C．Changing. D．Researching. A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“‘Around half the global population is expected to have myopia by 2050，so it is a health concern that is escalating quickly.’”中“half the global population is expected to have myopia by 2050”可知，近视这一“a health concern”越来越严重，有恶化趋势，结合选项可知，“escalating”与A项“Worsening”语义一致，表示“恶化，加剧”。故选A项。] 11. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．To stress the future prospects of this study. B．To reveal the contents and methods of the study. C．To highlight the practical significance of this study. D．To explain the relationship between screen time and vision. C　[段落大意题。根据最后一段中“This research comes at a time...affect our eyes and vision”可知，科学家以因疫情学校关闭期间学生为研究对象，与家家户户有着利害关系，所以最后一段主要强调了这一研究的现实意义和迫切性。故选C项。] 12. In which section of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Health. B．Book review. C．Travel. D．Sports. A　[文章出处题。根据文章内容可知，本文重点谈论的是越来越多的儿童与年轻人在疫情期间因过度使用电子设备而出现近视问题，话题与卫生健康有关，所以本文可能出现在报纸的健康专栏。故选A项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2022·山东省烟台市高二第三次模考) Are you thinking about holidaying alone，but a bit concerned about the dangers? You needn't worry if you consider these tips first. 1．Safety Unless you positively invite danger—i.e.wandering around a dark park at 3 a.m. with headphones on—travelling alone isn't actually that risky.___1__ In the case of taking taxis，always keep a record of the plate number and ask for an estimated fare before setting off.You should also carry your ID card with you and always keep a back­up.And most importantly，ensure that someone else knows your route and keep in regular contact with them. 2．Plan Being alone means you can't use your partner's phone when yours runs out of juice，or rely on them should you lose your wallet.__2__ It's a good idea to write down some key numbers of friends，hotels and emergency services beforehand，and keep some back­up money in your bag，just in case. 3．Eating Many single travelers have a fear of eating alone.__3__ You can bring a book to avoid boredom，sit at counters to be less noticeable or use the opportunity to practice your foreign language on a waiter. 4．Making friends __4__ This is another common concern when travelling alone.In fact，acquiring new companions (伙伴) is easier than feared.You can smile at people，have open body language，read something interesting to start conversation，or ask strangers a question.All these help you look approachable.More hands­on tips include visiting bars，joining tours or using apps designed to help people make friends. 5．Enjoy it Without having to consider others' needs，the joy of solo travel is that you can be entirely selfish：walk at your preferred pace，eat what and when you want，and go wherever you like to see the sights that interest you.__5__． A．What if no one likes me on my trip? B．The biggest danger is being taken for a ride. C．It's actually not so hard to get over your worry. D．You needn't get into a panic if this really happens. E．However well you plan in advance，things will go wrong. F．Just appreciate your independence and enjoy that freedom. G．So put emergency systems in place before starting your trip. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。你是否考虑过独自度假，但又有点担心危险？文章主要就独自旅行中常见的一些担忧提出了一些建议。 1．B　[根据上文“Unless you positively invite danger—i.e.wandering around a dark park at 3 a．m.with headphones on—travelling alone isn't actually that risky.”以及后文“In the case of taking taxis，...ensure that someone else knows your route and keep in regular contact with them.”可知，本段主要说明的是个人安全问题，上文提到独自旅行并没有那么危险，可知本句应当是在说明真正的危险是什么。故选B。] 2．G　[根据后文“It's a good idea to write down some key numbers of friends，hotels and emergency services beforehand，and keep some back­up money in your bag，just in case.”可知，后文提到了旅行前一些以防万一的措施，可知是在出发前就要做好紧急措施，G选项中emergency对应后文中emergency。故选G。] 3．C　[根据上文“Many single travelers have a fear of eating alone.”以及后文“You can bring a book to avoid boredom，sit at counters to be less noticeable or use the opportunity to practice your foreign language on a waiter.”可知，上文提到害怕一个人吃饭，后文则提出了解决办法，可知要克服一个人吃饭的忧虑并不困难。故选C。] 4．A　[根据后文可知，本段主要说明的是独自旅行时交朋友的问题，且后文提到了担心，说明本句是在说明担心旅行中没有人喜欢自己，交不到朋友。故A选项“如果在我的旅行中没有人喜欢我怎么办？”符合语境，故选A。] 5．F　[根据小标题“Enjoy it(享受它)”以及上文“Without having to consider others' needs，...go wherever you like to see the sights that interest you.”可知，本段的建议是享受独自旅行，F选项中enjoy对应小标题中enjoy。故选F。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·河南省高二下学期阶段性测试) A New Jersey man won hearts across social media after he was photographed using a cardboard sign to express 1.________ (he) thanks to local hospital workers. The man 2.________ (picture) holding up a handwritten sign to the glass windows of the emergency department at Morristown Medical Center was not identified (确认).The sign read：“Thank you all for your hard work，especially during this 3.________ (difficulty) time.” The nurses happened 4.________ (be) there and took the picture.A woman named Shay Vander Vliet shared the picture on Facebook after her sister­in­law，5.________ works as a nurse at the hospital，caught sight of the man at work. “She 6.________ (send) me this picture the other day and I felt like it needed to be seen as much as possible！” wrote Shay.“I don't know how to make a photo go viral (走红) 7.________ I think this one is worth 8.________ (share)—so please，share away！” Just as Shay hoped，this photo has been reposted more than 61，000 9.________ (time) by social media users ever since.Not only that，the photo raised awareness for a GoFundMe campaign to raise money for New Jersey hospitals in need 10.________ protective equipment.Within a matter of days，the campaign managed to raise more than $12，000. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了新泽西州的一名男子因被拍到用纸板牌子表达对当地医院工作人员的感谢而在社交媒体上赢得了很多人的心。 1．his　[考查代词。空处修饰名词thanks，应用形容词性物主代词his。故填his。] 2．pictured　[考查非谓语动词。picture在句中作动词，与The man之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填pictured。] 3．difficult　[考查词性转换。空处修饰名词time，应用形容词。故填difficult。] 4．to be　[考查非谓语动词。固定搭配happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”。故填to be。] 5．who　[考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是sister­in­law，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导。故填who。] 6．sent　[考查动词的时态。根据时间状语the other day可知，应用一般过去时，故填sent。] 7．but　[考查连词。结合句意可知，前后句之间是转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。] 8．sharing　[考查非谓语动词。固定搭配 sth.be worth doing“某事值得做”，故填sharing。] 9．times　[考查名词的单复数。time在句中意为“次”，是可数名词，由61，000可知，此处应用复数形式。故填times。] 10．of　[考查介词。固定短语in need of“需要”。故填of。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$