Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语过去完成时这一核心语法点，以“语境中体悟”（Lonesome George物种灭绝案例）导入，通过“语法入门”解析基本用法，系统梳理构成、主从复合句应用、固定句型及与一般过去时、现在完成时的区别，辅以“对点练”“应用中融通”分层练习，构建从感知到应用的完整学习支架。 该资料以真实语境（如物种保护故事）提升语言理解与表达能力，通过时态对比表格、图解助记培养分析比较的思维品质，设计单句填空、语篇填空等练习助力主动学习策略形成。课中便于教师系统授课，课后学生可通过练习巩固语法规则，有效查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 　　　(语法项目——过去完成时) 语境中体悟 Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise.He died in 2012.After George's death, the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.Before humans arrived on the island, the species had lived in isolation and had eaten the plants that naturally grew there.① George was discovered many years after their arrival, and by then humans had introduced new species that competed for the food the tortoises ate②.After goats in particular had been brought to the island③， the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.Eventually only George remained. [语法入门] 句①中，before 引导的时间状语从句中使用了一般过去时，主句中使用了过去完成时； 句②中，时间状语为by then，故句子使用过去完成时； 句③中使用了过去完成时的被动语态。 学案中理清 一、过去完成时的构成及基本用法　 1．过去完成时的构成为：had＋过去分词，否定式是在had后加not，疑问式是把had提前。 2．表示在过去某一时刻之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。时间状语为by、before等介词(短语)搭配过去的时间点，或使用了含过去时的时间状语从句。 3．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，时间状语常用“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。 4．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope、 want、 expect、 think、 suppose、 plan、 mean、 intend等动词。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①She had_learned (learn) some English before she came to England. ②Until then he had_known (know) nothing about it. ③I had_finished (finish) cooking dinner before you came back. ④She said that she had_made (make) great progress since she came here. ⑤I_had_intended_to_go_to_pick_you_up at the airport, but I was too busy. 我本来打算去机场接你们，但我太忙了。 ⑥He_had_not_expected the pain to be unendurable. 他没料到会如此疼痛难忍。 二、主从复合句中的过去完成时 　 1．在主从复合句中，若主从句的动作都发生在过去，且有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 2．在包含before和after的主从复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 The train (had) started before I reached the station. 在我到达车站之前，火车已经开了。 After he (had) arrived in England, he worked hard to improve his English. 到达英国之后，他努力提高自己的英语水平。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①My teacher called me to his office, telling me that I_had_taken_the_first_place in the writing contest. 我的老师把我叫到办公室，告诉我，我在写作竞赛中获得了第一名。 ②I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents, which also showed I_had_grown_up. 我为自己能帮助父母分担家务而感到自豪，这也表明我已经长大了。 ③The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized he_had_forgotten_to_write_down_his_name. 他刚交上考卷就意识到忘写名字了。 三、固定句型中的过去完成时　 1．主语＋had hardly/scarcely/no sooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时；hardly、 scarcely、 no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装)； 2．It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时)； 3．It was the first/second ...time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时)； 4．主句(过去完成时)＋by the time ...(从句用一般过去时)。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①I had_no_sooner_reached home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 ②It was at least three months since I_had_left_Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 ③It was the first time that I had_chatted_online in English.　这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 ④By the time I got to the station, the train had_already_gone.　我赶到车站时，火车已经离开了。 四、过去完成时与一般过去时及现在完成时的区别 1．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 时态 相同点 不同点 一般过去时 都含有表过去 的时间状语 动作发生在过去，常有具体的过去时间状语 过去完成时 动作发生在“过去的过去”，含不具体的过去时间状语 Alex came to London three years ago. 亚历克斯是三年前来伦敦的。 Alex had been in London for over three years by the time he finished his studies. 亚历克斯结束他的学业的时候，已经在伦敦待了超过三年了。 |图解助记| |名师点津|过去完成时不能单独出现，它必须有一个过去的时间作参照点，而一般过去时则可以独立使用。 2．过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 时态 相同点 不同点 现在完成时 动作都发生 在过去 以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去 过去完成时 以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去 I have lived in Thailand for five years. 我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时到现在这个时间有5年了) I had lived in Thailand for five years before I went to China. 在去中国之前，我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时到去中国那个时间点有5年了) |图解助记| [对点练]　(翻译句子) ①我在上学前就已经读过这本书了。 I_had_read_the_book_before_I_started_school. ②到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 I_have_heard_nothing_from_him_up_to_now. ③到去年为止，我已经学了四年英语了。 By_last_year_I_had_learned_English_for_four_years. ④当你们到达电影院时，电影开始半个小时了吗？ Had_the_movie_been_on_for_half_an_hour_when_you_got_to_the_cinema? 应用中融通 Ⅰ.完成句子 ①My parents had_lived_in_this_city for a long time before 1990. 在1990年以前我父母就已经在这个城市居住很长时间了。 ②I had_wanted_to_see_him,_but I changed my mind. 我本来想见他的，但我改变了主意。 ③My father asked me if I had_finished_reading_that_book.　爸爸问我是否已读完那本书了。 ④Li Ming went to London last year, which was the first time that he_had_gone_abroad. 李明去年去了伦敦，那是他第一次出国。 ⑤He had_hardly_finished the article when the light went out.　他刚写完论文，灯就熄了。 Ⅱ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空 A One day in winter My hometown is located in a very habitable valley where the people live in a harmonious atmosphere.I still remember last winter, when I woke up in the morning, it ①had already stopped (stop) snowing.Looking outside of the window, the shiny white snow on our lawn ②had_been_cleaned (clean) by my father.I closed the book that ③had_been_borrowed (borrow) from the local library and went downstairs for breakfast, which ④had_been_prepared (prepare) well on the kitchen table.Then my little brother came to tell me that he ⑤had_finished (finish) all his homework and he had a very nice dream the night before.During the breakfast, we talked about his dream.He said he ⑥had_gone (go) to ski in the mountains with me and our parents, and we really ⑦had_had (have) a good day there.After breakfast, I really went out to play snow with my little brother for half a day.It was the first time that we ⑧had_enjoyed (enjoy) ourselves together.It was really a happy day. B Mr Smith was an ordinary-looking man, but he was very humorous.He could speak Chinese fluently, which shocked us all at first.Later, he told us that he ①had_learned/learnt (learn) Chinese for more than two years before he came to China.He always tried his best to make his lessons lively and interesting.In his lessons，he often ②mentioned (mention) Egypt.He said that he ③had_been (be) there for many times.Mr Smith was so kind and loved us so much.He would persuade me to work harder.If I ④had_taken (take) his advice, I would lead a better life now.One day, when Mr Smith heard that one of my classmates ⑤had_fallen (fall) off the stairs, he was so concerned that he hurried to the spot at once.Two years later，Mr Smith had to return to his homeland.When we got to the airport，the plane carrying him ⑥had_taken (take) off.We were so disappointed! We will miss Mr Smith forever. His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. 他的报纸刊登关于政治和社会问题的文章，谴责政府官员满口谎言和富人逃税。 ★accuse vt.谴责，控诉 |用|法|感|知| •Some parents are often accused of arranging everything for their children in advance. 人们常常指责一些父母提前为孩子安排好一切。 •Don't accuse others for your own misfortune. 不要因自己的不幸而责怪别人。 [归纳点拨] (1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.＝charge sb.with (doing) sth. 控告/指责某人(做了)某事 accuse sb.as ... 控告某人为…… accuse sb.for ... 因……而指责某人 (2)accusation n. 控告；起诉；告发；谴责 　　　　 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①He was accused as a murderer, but the judge found him innocent. ②Some teenagers are accused of being spoiled by their parents. ③He denied the accusation (accuse) that he had ignored the problems. ④This football player was charged with taking money for not scoring goals on purpose. (2)一句多译 　负责该公司的那个人被控告犯有欺诈罪。 ⑤The man who had taken charge of the company was_charged_with cheating.(charge) ⑥The man who had taken charge of the company was_accused_of cheating.(accuse) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $