Unit1 Section Ⅰ-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 1 Growing up 主题语境：人与自我——认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我 单元知识预览 Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 目录/CONTENTS 读文——语篇研析 深挖教材 背诵——晨背晚默 事半功倍 02 01 03 探究——要点直击 核心突破 闯关——达标检测 夯基固本 04 背 诵——晨背晚默 事半功倍 （词句背诵+语基默写，可打印，教师灵活使用） 读 文——语篇研析 深挖教材 （课文助读，可打印，教师灵活使用） vt.到(某一年龄或时间) adj.(特指人或事物)正是，恰好的，同一的 其中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工作了，但是我依然不能在下一届大选中投票。 当然，如果你足够大，已经工作并且交税了，那你应该对政府在支配税收方面有一定话语权！ 我以为我一到18岁就会有一份薪水不错的工作，能搬进自己租的公寓，我是多么异想天开呀！ to go for your dream you grasp every opportunity 探 究——要点直击 核心突破 【高频词汇练全】 n．选举→elect v．选举，推选；选择 election 1 adj．合法的→illegal adj．违法的，犯法的→legally adv．合法地，法律上 legal 2 对……负责 take responsibility for 3 adv．立即，马上→instant adj．立刻的；速食的 n．瞬间，片刻 instantly 4 As soon as I saw the bear biting the wire fence The instant/moment/minute I saw the bear biting the wire fence Instantly/Directly/Immediately I saw the bear biting the wire fence v．赞成，同意；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→approval n．赞成，同意；批准，通过，认可 approve 5 无疑地；必定 no doubt 6 adj．合适的→suit v．适合(某人)；满足(某人)需要；合(某人)心意 n．西装，套装 suitable 7 【中频词汇练会】 【重点句式练透】 n．交换；交流 vt.交换； 交流；交易；兑换 句型公式：as if 引导状语从句或表语从句 1 vi.& vt.集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n．中心；重点；焦点 2 n．交换；交流 vt.交换； 交流；交易；兑换 句型公式：the way 作先行词的定语从句 2 (that/in which) we think about matters that/which impressed me deeply 课下巩固训练（一） got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese The instant/moment/minute his father went out Instantly/Directly/Immediately his father went out more aware of responsibility live attitude 速读明大意 Ⅰ．Skim the text and fill in the blanks． vote licence Ⅱ．Find the relevant information for each character according to the text． a．I'm taking a new job next month． b．I have been taking driving lessons． c．I will sign an organ donation agreement tomorrow． d．A bank reached out to me with an offer for a credit card． e．I have no voice in how the government spends taxes now． f．My librarian's salary couldn't guarantee me a rented apartment． Bethany: Lin Ning: Morgan: b, e c, d a, f 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text． 1．Why does Bethany's mother worry about her driving? A．She thinks Bethany can't afford a car． B．She doesn't think Bethany will be a good driver． C．She doesn't want Bethany to be an ambulance driver． D．She's witnessed a lot of car accidents linked with teenagers． 2．What can we learn about Lin Ning? A．He starts to pay more attention to others． B．He spent his 18th birthday at his university． C．He got a credit card the day after his 18th birthday． D．He gained his parents' permission to donate organs． √ √ 3．Which of the following can best describe Morgan? A．Confident and smart． B．Unfortunate but caring． C．Responsible and realistic． D．Dependent but creative． 4．What can we learn from the text? A．There are fewer rules to obey after people become adults． B．People will be completely in charge of their own lives at 18． C．Turning 18 means people no longer need support from their parents． D．After turning 18, people are supposed to take more responsibilities than before． √ √ 读后悟考点 Ⅰ．扫词汇障碍 熟词 生义 turn (开头) 常见义： v．转变，变成→文章义： say (Para.1) 常见义：vt．说→文章义： very (Para.1) 常见义：adv．很，非常→文章义： n.决定权，发言权 Ⅱ．破译长难句 [教材1]　One reason is that although I've been working ever since leaving school，I won't be voting in the next general election． [分析]　that although I've been working ever since leaving school, I won't be voting in the next general election为that 引导的 从句，although I've been working ever since leaving school为although引导的 从句。 [翻译]　 表语 让步状语 [教材2]　Surely，if you're old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes，you should be allowed to have a say on how the government spends them！ [分析]　if you're old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes为if引导的 从句，how the government spends them为how引导的 从句。 [翻译]　 条件状语 宾语 [教材3]　I assumed I'd already have a well­paid job and that I'd be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18，but how wrong I was！ [分析]　I'd already have a well­paid job and that I'd be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18是由and连接的两个 从句，引导词都是that，在第一个宾语从句中that可省略，而第二个宾语从句中that不可省略。 [翻译]　 宾语 Ⅲ．学表达技巧 心理描写 [教材1]　I can't wait to be 18． [分析]　句中can't wait to be 18展现了作者对18岁的期待，生动地描绘了作者迫不及待的心情。 [仿写]　尝试用can't wait完成句子 他们一到我们学校，就迫不及待地参观我们的茶馆，那里陈列着许多茶具。 On arriving at our school, they , where a lot of tea sets were on display． couldn't wait to visit our tea house 主题升华 [教材2]　But I think I'm already mature enough to understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people． [分析]　第一段最后一句升华了文章主题，指出自己已经成熟，开车要对自己和他人的生命负责。 [仿写]　尝试完成主题升华句 追梦永远不晚。只要你抓住每一个机会，并且充分利用它，你就会实现你的梦想。 It's never too late ．As long as and take full advantage of it, you will realize your dreams． 比喻修辞 [教材3]　I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world． [分析]　句子用了比喻修辞，将童年结束比作关上童年之门，动态画面感强。 [仿写]　尝试用比喻修辞完成句子 世界是一本书，不旅行的人只看到其中的一页。 , and those who do not travel read only one page． The world is a book 高级句式 [教材4]　When I woke up the next day, there were still rules to obey and lessons to attend． [分析]　句中动词不定式短语 to obey和to attend作后置定语，分别修饰名词rules和lessons。其并列的结构相同，语气连贯，使得句子读起来流畅，富有节奏感。 [仿写]　尝试用动词不定式短语完成句子 要想在生活中获得成功，你需要抓住每个机会，追随你的梦想。 To succeed in life, you need to grasp every opportunity and ． to follow your dreams (1)hold an election 举行选举 win/lose an election 当/落选；在选举中获胜/失败 (2)elect to do sth． 决定/选择做某事 elect sb．as/to be＋职位 选某人为……(职位前无冠词) held a monitor election 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Now it is too early to tell who will win the next (elect) in the airline． ②Nowadays，more and more people elect (work) at home，earning a steady income． ③It is not surprising that she was elected monitor; she is a capable and intelligent girl． ④上周一，我们班进行了班长选举。这是我们第一次选举，所以每个人都很兴奋。 Last Monday, our class ．This was our first election, so everyone was excited． election to work as legally the legal age to get married It is legal/illegal (for sb．) to do sth． (某人)做某事是合法的/违法的 legal holiday/age 法定假期/年龄 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It's illegal (buy) cigarettes in Britain if you're under 16． ②I wonder which of them is (legal) responsible for the accident． ③在中国，对于男性来说，结婚的法定年龄是22。 In China, for men, is 22． to buy (1)have (the/a) responsibility to do．．． 有责任/有义务做…… It is one's responsibility to do sth． 做某事是某人的责任 a sense of responsibility 责任感 (2)responsible adj．负责的；有责任的 be responsible for 对……负责 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Born in a traditional family, Rick was brought up to value the sense of (responsible)． ②While it is human nature to be curious, it is also our responsibility (respect) others' secrets． ③我的爸爸是一个好老师，他对学生很负责。(人物介绍) My father is a good teacher, who the students． responsibility to respect is responsible for/takes responsibility for (1)instantly．．．＝the instant．．． 一……就…… (2)in an instant 立即，马上 for an instant 一瞬间 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ① an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water． ②He paused an instant before continuing to call the ambulance for help． ③我一看到熊在咬铁丝网，我就屏住呼吸，一动也不敢动。(2020·浙江卷读后续写) → , I held my breath, not daring to move an inch．(as soon as) → , I held my breath, not daring to move an inch．(the＋n．) → , I held my breath, not daring to move an inch． 【点拨】　表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句的还有immediately, directly, as soon as，the moment/minute等。 In for (1)approve sth． 批准/通过某事 approve of (sb./sb.'s) doing sth． 同意/赞成(某人)做某事 (2)win/earn sb.'s approval 赢得某人的同意/赞成/认可 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She desperately wanted to win her father's (approve)． ②His parents approved of his/him (sign) an organ donation agreement． ③希望你能同意我的想法并改造图书馆。(应用文之建议信) Hopefully, you can and reconstruct our library． approval signing approve of my ideas (1)There is no doubt that ．．． 毫无疑问…… There is some doubt whether ．．． 怀疑是否…… without doubt 毫无疑问 (2)doubt that ．．． 怀疑…… doubt whether/if ．．． 怀疑/不相信是否…… whether/if have no doubt that 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There is no doubt you can get along well with them． ②There is some doubt John will come on time． ③I don't doubt my father will come to watch my performance, but I doubt he can come on time． ④我丝毫都不怀疑我们对环境的污染是不可挽回的。(应用文之倡议书) I we are polluting the environment beyond redemption． that whether/if that (1)be suitable for 适合…… be suitable to do sth． 适合做某事 (2)suit sth.to sb./sth． 使某事适合于某人/某物 suit sb.(fine/perfectly) (非常)适合某人 what time suits you best 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①This river is seriously polluted and is not suitable any fish to grow in． ②A good teacher suits his lessons the age of his pupils． ③Besides，it's (suit) for you to bring some little gifts，such as a special food or drink from your country． ④请告诉我你何时方便。下周末我随时有空。(应用文之道歉信) Please let me know ．I am available anytime next weekend． for to suitable A Ⅰ．一词多义——根据语境选出commitment的含义 A．承诺，保证　B．投入，奉献　C．不得不做的事，承担义务　D．(为某目的对钱、时间和人等的)使用，花费 ①The boss is looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job． ②A commitment is something which regularly takes up some of your time because of the responsibilities that you have． ③We are told that the plan involves commitment of money and staff time． ④If you want to be my friend，you should make a commitment． B C D Ⅱ．熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①It disturbed him that the bank was unwilling to loan him that quantity of money． ②The plan has the virtue of simplicity． ③Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade． vt.借出，贷给(尤指钱) n.优点 vi.成熟 教材原文：I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world． 我期待着马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。 as if/though所引导的从句中的语气及时态： eq \a\vs4\al( as if/,though) eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(陈述语气（真实或极有可能发生的,情况）,\a\vs4\al(虚拟语气（不,真实或不可能,发生的情况）)\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(虚拟现在：did,虚拟过去：had done,虚拟将来：would/,might/could＋do)))) badly hurt 【练透】　单句语法填空/句型转换 ①The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as if she (be) their own mother． ②It seems as if you (be) really enthusiastic about Chinese culture．So I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China． ③Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he (do) something very clever． ④The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt． →The old man was lying on the ground as if ．(状语从句的省略) 【点拨】　如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样就出现“as if＋名词/不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语/分词”结构。 were are had done 教材原文：Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed me． 满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变了。 (1)句中that society viewed me为定语从句，修饰先行词the way；从句引导词为that，在从句中作状语。 (2)way(方式，方法)后的定语从句的引导词有两种： ①在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作主语、宾语或表语，要用that或which引导定语从句，引导词作宾语时可以省略。 ②在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作状语，则用that或in which引导定语从句，也可以省略引导词。 【练透】　句型转换/完成句子 ①The way that the professor explained the question was quite simple． →The way the professor explained the question was quite simple． ②近年来，人们生活中的交流方式发生了巨大的变化。我们也需要改变我们思考问题的方式。 Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people's lives in recent years．We also need to change the way ． ③在离开实验室前，他以一种让我印象深刻的方式检查了数据。(2022·浙江卷读后续写) Before leaving the lab, he checked the data in a way ． in which loan selfish minimum Ⅰ．单词拼写(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．The application of intelligent robots in libraries makes the job of (图书馆管理员) easier and easier． 2．A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent (投入)． 3．They are emotionally (成熟的) and should behave responsibly． 4．Bob must have made his fortune; otherwise, he would have suffered from stress to pay back the (贷款)． 5． It was (自私的) of Mary to ask you to pick her up at the airport when you were sick． 6．The (最小的) number of students we need to run the course is fifteen． librarians commitment mature legal virtue responsibility to face 7．Last year I passed the driving test and got a driving (执照)． 8．The (救护车) arrived five minutes after the accident happened． 9．Prisoners have (合法的) rights, but in practice these rights are not always respected． 10．In modern society, modesty is a necessary (美德)． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(每空2分，共20分) 1．As we are stepping into adulthood，we need to take (responsible) for our own decisions． 2．Smiling doesn't necessarily mean you're happy．Sometimes，it just means that you're strong enough (face) problems． licence ambulance suitable election steadily instantly gradually The teacher believes that each of her students has a kind heart and each of them can contribute to the future of the world． 4．It's common knowledge that it's (legal) to hunt and kill rare animals． 5．There are many false advertisements that tempt consumers (purchase) fake products． 6．Helen is not (suit)for being the monitor because she is not very popular with her classmates． 7．The prime minister is about to call an (elect)． 8．The company's exports have been increasing (steady)． 9．After so many years she was still (instant) recognizable． 10．She (gradual) fought her way to the top of the company． that illegal to purchase Ⅲ．完成句子/一句多译(每空2.5分，共17．5分) 1．到那里旅行会让你对中国文化有一个很好的了解。 will give you a good understanding of Chinese culture．(动名词短语作主语) 2．网络给我们的学习方式带来了巨大的变化。(2021·全国乙卷发言稿) The Internet has brought about great changes in ．(the way) 3．当一支铅笔部分放入水中时，它看起来好像断了一样。 When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks ． (as if) Having a trip there the way we learn as if/though it were broken 4．我离他们足够的近能听见他们正在说汉语，并且我像在中国可能做的那样说了声“你好”。 I , and I said “Ni Hao”， just as I might do in China．(．．．enough＋to do sth．) 5．他爸爸刚出门，那个男孩就跑向电影院。 ① ，the boy ran to the cinema．(as soon as) ② ，the boy ran to the cinema．(the＋n．) ③ , the boy ran to the cinema． As soon as his father went out being responsibility Ⅳ．课文语法填空(每题2分，共20分) In most countries, turning 18 1 (mark) the start of adulthood．In this passage, three young people tell us 2 turning 18 means, or meant, to them． 16­year­old girl Bethany says turning 18 means she is old enough 3 (vote) in the election and have a say on how the government spends the taxes．Though Bethany's mum, an ambulance driver, worries about her 4 (be) behind the wheel, Bethany thinks she can take 5 (responsible) for her life and the lives of other people． marks what to vote more independent it Lin Ning, 19­year­old from Shanghai in China, celebrated his 18th birthday just before he 6 (go) to university．He expected to feel 7 (instant) different, but it wasn't like that．In fact, the change has been more gradual and subtle than he imagined．Instead of being the selfish teenager he used to be, he has begun to feel more aware 8 other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility． Morgan, 20­year­old from Florida in the US, used to believe he should become 9 (independent) at the age of 18, but the reality for him has been very different．Because he contributes to the household bills and his commute to work is quite expensive, he finds 10 hard to save any money． went instantly of Ⅰ．阅读理解(每题2.5分，共17．5分) A (2024·长春外国语学校高二上期末)Remembering names is an important social skill．Here are some ways to master it． Recite and repeat in conversation． When you hear a person's name, repeat it．Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips．You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial． Ask the other person to recite and repeat． You can let other people help you remember their names．After you've been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you．Most people will be pleased by the effort you're making to learn their names． Admit you don't know． Admitting that you can't remember someone's name can actually make people relaxed．Most of them will feel sympathy if you say，“I'm working to remember names better．Yours is right on the tip of my tongue．What is it again？” Use associations． Link each person you meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual．For example you could make a mental note：“Vicki Cheng—tall, black hair.”To reinforce (加强) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible． Limit the number of new names you learn at one time． When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names．Free yourself from remembering every one．Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names．Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names．Last names can come later． Go early． Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes．Sometimes just a few people show up on time．That's fewer names for you to remember．And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others—an automatic review for you． [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。记住别人的名字是一项重要的社交技能，文章主要介绍了一些如何记住别人名字的方法。 1．How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names? A．They will be moved． B．They will be annoyed． C．They will be delighted． D．They will be discouraged． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Ask the other person to recite and repeat．标题下“Most people will be pleased by the effort you're making to learn their names．”可知，当你努力记住他们的名字时，大部分人会感到高兴。故选C。 2．To reinforce the association you made between the person and something interesting, you may ． A．write them down B．say it to yourself several times C．go early to parties D．spell and pronounce the name correctly 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据Use associations标题下“To reinforce (加强) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible．”可知，为了加强你在这个人和有趣或不寻常的事情之间所建立的联系，你可以将它们写下来。故选A。 3．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Tips on an important social skill． B．Importance of attending parties． C．How to make use of associations． D．How to recite and repeat names． 解析：选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Remembering names is an important social skill．Here are some ways to master it．”和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一些关于如何记住别人名字这项重要社交技能的方法。故选A。 B Steve Logan is proud of his job as a truck driver and enthusiastically describes how good it feels to be achieving something．But before he signed up for a mentoring (指导) programme for disaffected (叛逆的) young men three years ago, the 22­year­old was directionless and falling in and out of trouble．“I used to get into trouble a lot，” he says．“I had no good male role models growing up．” His mentor, 45­year­old Rowen Bainbridge, is the owner of an oil and gas company．“If I had been walking down the street and saw Steve wearing a hoodie (帽衫), honestly, I would have crossed the road，” Bainbridge admits． The two are part of a successful mentoring programme run by a Brighton­based organisation—A Band of Brothers．It focuses on helping youngsters with the “sometimes confusing transition (过渡) to manhood”．The terms that crop up most from the youngsters are that they “feel safe” and “are understood” by the older men guiding them． Mentors receive systematic training and use an approach where mentees are encouraged to form strong and lasting bonds with the older men who guide them．There are weekly mentoring courses as well as weekends away to build trust．“This is often the first time any of these young men will have had a meaningful, positive relationship with older men，” stresses Alex Bailey, the organisation's chair of trustees．“Boys don't suddenly become men at 18．And if they've had difficult lives with no positive male influences the consequences can be serious．” Dan Hartley, a youth worker for 10 years who is based in Brighton, says anyone interested in dealing with deep­rooted disaffection among young men would do well to take “a much closer look” at A Band of Brothers' approach to helping young men make a healthy transition to manhood．“I was just blown away by A Band of Brothers，” he says．“There are programmes that touch the surface but I felt like this was the missing piece of the jigsaw (拼图)．” [语篇解读]本文是新闻报道。A Band of Brothers为社区需要帮助的叛逆年轻人匹配年长的导师，使他们的成年之路走得更平坦。 4．What is Steve Logan like according to the text? A．He seems tiresome． B．He is poorly dressed． C．He is open to making friends． D．He seems committed to his job． 解析：选D。推理判断题。由第一段中的“Steve Logan is．．．achieving something”可知，Steve Logan为自己的工作感到自豪，并因为取得成就而振奋不已，由此可推知，现在的他似乎对自己的工作很投入。 5．Which of the following might sign up for this mentoring programme? A．An 18­year­old hesitating over selecting a major． B．A 10­year­old constantly arguing with his parents． C．A 45­year­old facing a difficult business decision． D．A 22­year­old wandering around the streets every day． 解析：选D。细节理解题。由第三段中的“It focuses on．．．to manhood”可知，该项目旨在帮助迷失的年轻人成功过渡到成年，D项符合题意。 6．What can be learned about A Band of Brothers? A．It receives praise from its mentees． B．It was established by the local government． C．It offers five­day mentoring activities per week． D．It created temporary bonds between the older and younger． 解析：选A。细节理解题。由第三段中的“The terms that．．．guiding them”可知，该项目让参与的年轻人找到了安全感并感到被理解，因此颇受好评。 7．What is Dan Hartley's attitude towards A Band of Brothers? A．Critical． B．Positive． C．Doubtful． D．Reserved． 解析：选B。观点态度题。由最后一段内容可知，Dan Hartley建议有兴趣解决迷失青年问题的工作者深入了解A Band of Brothers的工作模式，并认为A Band of Brothers与其只触及表面问题的项目不同，它发挥了实质性的功能，这说明他对该组织的工作持肯定的态度。 Ⅱ．七选五(每题2分，共10分) The age of 18 is when a person legally reaches adulthood．But does this truly stand for our maturity？The very word “ADULT” can be broken into 5 parts containing qualities necessary for your personal development．1( ) A—ACCOUNTABLE (负责任的) 2( )But no matter what, our parents would come and take care of us and wouldn't hold us accountable for these acts．However, as an adult, we are totally in control of our life, including all our decisions and actions． D—DETACHMENT FROM EGO (脱离自我) EGO—A small 3­letter word that has the power to damage a big 12­letter word—RELATIONSHIP．Getting attached to one's ego has a harmful effect similar to holding a beautiful red rose firmly．3( ) So it is time for us to get rooted to the ground and set our ego on fire． U—UNDERSTANDING In a world population of about 8 billion, each of us is 100% unique．We communicate with different kinds of people on a daily basis．Collective decisions for various issues involve interacting with people to reach an agreement．It is necessary to understand and respect each other's beliefs． L—LISTEN When we listen to others, thoughts and ideas from them are directly transmitted (传达) to us．4( )Listening effectively with the intention to understand and not to reply, is the need of the hour． T—TAKE A STAND We collect data in the form of parents' suggestions on careers, friends' advice on relationships or content that we read on social media．This data should be analyzed and questioned before reaching our own conclusions．5( ) So you think you are an A­D­U­L­T? A．This will help us to broaden our minds． B．Check and see how many of these we have! C．The stronger a person's hold, the deeper the wound． D．Our minds should be trained to work in the same manner． E．An information system performs the following functions． F．As a baby, we would cry unnecessarily or even mess up the place． G．It's time we stop spoon feeding of opinions by others and learn to take our own stand on matters． [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章对“成年”给出了定义。 1．解析：选B。设空处承上启下，起过渡作用。设空处上文指出“ADULT”这个词可以拆分为囊括个人发展必备素质的五个部分，下文给出具体解释，由此可推知，设空处应当指出下文与这五个素质的关联，B项符合语境。B项中的these指代上文中的qualities和下文中的五点内容。 2．解析：选F。设空处位于段首，起引出话题的作用。根据设空处下文中的“our parents would．．．for these acts”和“However, as an adult”可推知，本段主要通过孩提时代与成年时期的对比说明负责任的品质是成熟的重要标志之一。设空处应当指出孩提时代的任性行为，F项符合语境。F项中的As a baby与下文中的as an adult构成对照，设空处下文中的these acts指代F项中的“cry unnecessarily or even mess up the place”。 3．解析：选C。设空处与上文为解释关系。设空处上文将“沉溺于自我”与“手中紧握玫瑰”作比，指出两者均有相似的不良后果。由此可推知，设空处应当对这种相似的不良后果做出具体解释，C项符合语境。C项中的hold与上文中的holding构成原词复现，C项中的wound与上文中的harmful effect构成同现关系。 4．解析：选A。设空处承接上文，进一步作出说明。设空处上文指出倾听他人讲话时，他人的想法与观点会直接传达给我们，设空处下文做出总结：以理解为目的的倾听是我们目前需要的，由此可推知，设空处应当说明倾听的好处，A项符合语境。A项中的This指代上文中的listen to others。 5．解析：选G。设空处位于段末，起总结全段主旨的作用。根据小标题及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍成年意味着要有自己的立场，G项符合语境。G项中的opinions by others与上文中的“parents' suggestions．．．social media”相照应，G项中的take our own stand与小标题中的TAKE A STAND相照应。 $$