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Unit7 原因状语从句 语法笔记
一、原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示主句中动作、状态发生的原因或理由的从句结构。原因状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后,有时也可插在主句之间。如:
I didn't go to school yesterday because I was ill.昨天我没有去上学,因为我病了。
Since you can't help me,I must learn it by myself.因为你无法帮我,那我只得自学了。
1.原因状语从句的连词
引导原因状语从句的连词主要有because, since,as 等。
2.because ,as 与 since用法辨析
(1)because引导的从句用来说明他人所不知道的直接而明确的原因。所表达的原因语气最强,常用来回答 why 引出的问句,because 引导的原因状语从句常位于主句之后。如:查
I don't want to go out because it is raining heavily.我不想出门,因为外面正在下大雨。
-Why do you go to school on foot?你为什么步行去学校呢?
-Because my school is close to my home.因为我的学校离我家近。
[注意]汉语中习惯表达“因为……所以……”,但英语中不可以将 so 和 because同用。
(2) since 译为“既然;因为”,所表示的原因语气较弱,强调很显然或者已为人知的理由,引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句前,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。如:
Since he asks you, you'll tell him why.既然他问你了,你就告诉他原因。
(3)as 常译为“由于”,它表示的原因是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含义与 since相同,但语气更弱,没有 since 正式,它引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句前。如:
As I haven't read the book,I can't tell you which character is my favourite.由于我还没读过那本书,我没法告诉你我最喜欢哪个角色。
[拓展]for为并列连词,也可用来连接表示原因的句子,表示附加或推断的理由,for引导的分句前应加逗号,for不可置于句首,常用在书面语中,较正式。如:
It must have rained,for the ground is wet.肯定下过雨了,因为路面都是湿的。
二、because of的用法
because of 也可以表示原因,用法如下:
1. because of 是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词以及what从句等。如:
We didn't go shopping because of the heavy rain.由于下大雨,我们没有去购物。
She was angry because of what I had said.她对于我所说的话很生气。
2.because of 在句中一般用作状语,不用作表语,但如果主语是代词(不是名词),也可以用 because of 短语作表语。如:
That was because of his illness.那是由于他生病了。
【拓展]because从句既可用作状语,还可用作表语。如:
I can't do this because I'm a teacher.(状语)
由于我是一名老师,我没法这么做。
That is because you are eating too much.(表语)
那是因为你吃太多了。
3. because of 短语可与because从句进行转换。如: I didn't buy this computer because it was too expensive. = I didn't buy this computer
because of its high price.我没有买这台电脑,因为它价格过高。
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