13话题 地球与宇宙探秘(The earth and the exploration of the universe)-备考2025年中考英语第一轮复习专题训练（广东专用）

备考2025中考英语第一轮复习专题训练（广东专用） 13话题 地球与宇宙探秘(The earth and the exploration of the universe) 主题核心词汇 单词： 1. information n. 信息 2. earth n. 地球 3. Internet n. 互联网 4.computer n. 电脑 5.spirit n. 精神 6.astronaut n. 宇航员 7.space n. 空间；太空 8.technology n. 科技 9.science n. 科学 10.produce v. 生产 11.float v. 漂浮 12.create v. 创造 13.research n. 研究 14.send v. 发送 15.gravity n.重力 16.test n. 测试 17.machine n. 机器 18.task n. 任务 19.modern adj. 现代的 20.pioneer n. 先驱 21.air n. 空气 22.spacesuit n. 航天服 23.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船 24.scientist n.科学家 25.Mars n. 火星 26.moon n. 月亮；月球 27.planet n. 行星 29. succeed v.成功 30. rocket n. 火箭 短语： 1. on the radio 通过收音机 2. send up 发送 3. surf the Internet 上网 4. take the place of 取代 5. try out 试验；试用 6. keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系 7. make great progress 取得巨大进步 8 be responsible for 对……负责 9. be thirsty for 渴望 10. out of order 出毛病 11. space travel 太空旅行 12. make full use of 充分利用 13. with the development of 随着……的发展 14. have problems doing sth. 做某事有困难 15. take pride in/be proud of 以……为骄傲 16. make a contribution to 为……作贡献 17. be responsible for 对……负责 常用句型： 1. Without gravity, our bodies may become weak. 没有重力，我们的身体会变得虚弱。 2. As for teenagers, we are thirsty for knowledge. 作为青少年，我们对知识充满了渴望。 3. We should study hard and make a contribution to our mother land. 我们应该努力学习，为祖国做贡献。 4. I can learn more about space from the books. 我可以从书本上了解更多关于太空的知识。 5. We have to do sports every day to make us stronger. 我们必须每天运动来使我们身体更强壮。 话题特训 1、 语法选择。阅读短文，从A、B、C三个选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳答案。 （23-24九年级下·重庆巴南·阶段练习）Hello, welcome to Shirley’s Time! Have you ever heard of Alyssa? Alyssa is 1 astronaut. She 2 to be the first person to land on Mars by NASA in 2021 at the age of 17. She may go to Mars in 2033 and never come back to the earth. So 3 father is a little worried. He thinks that Mars may be a very dangerous place. Alyssa 4 the earth in the future. Alyssa explained why she dreamed 5 being an astronaut in a recent interview. She said, “Well, I first wanted 6 an astronaut from watching a cartoon called The Backyardigans when I was three. In the cartoon, the characters flew to Mars.” After that, the girl just kept asking for videos, books and anything she could find about space. And her parents have always given her love and support. Alyssa has always been working very 7 for her dream. She went to an expensive space school to get training. Studying there isn’t always easy. It needs to pass a lot of tests like floating (漂浮) in the air. At first she felt sick in her stomach, 8 later she got used to it. Finally, she made it to be an astronaut. 9 wonderful she was! From what she said, we also knew 10 Alyssa enjoyed speaking in public and talking to the girls who wanted to be astronauts. Thanks for listening. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．chose B．was chosen C．is chosen 3．A．her B．she C．hers 4．A．will leave B．leaves C．left 5．A．to B．on C．of 6．A．become B．becoming C．to become 7．A．hard B．harder C．hardest 8．A．and B．or C．but 9．A．How B．What C．What a 10．A．who B．that C．whether 二、完形填空。阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳答案。 （2024·广东东莞·二模）Gui Haichao is not only an astronaut but also a teacher of a university. On May 30th 2023, he took the Shenzhou-16 Spacecraft with Jing Haipeng, Zhu Yangzhu and flew to space. He won a great deal of 11 as he was the first man who wears glasses to space. Gui was 12 in a village in Yunnan in 1986. His interest in 13 began at the age of 17 when he got the news of Yang Liwei’s trip to space on the radio. The news 14 him. At that time, he 15 being an astronaut like Yang. Gui has got excellent educational achievements, but it’s not enough. He must go through 16 physical training. He never thought about giving up. 17 , he realized his dream. In the eyes of his students, Gui is 18 . “During his training, he keeps reading our essays (论文). Sometimes during dinner time, he would call me to give 19 on my essays. He is really a helpful teacher and I like him,” one of his students says. We have heard too many arguments about the “uselessness of studying” at our times, and we also know that there are many children in mountainous areas who may never got out of there. However, Gui 20 a good example to everyone. Studying can really change our life. So just dream big and study hard. 11．A．prizes B．fights C．races D．attention 12．A．growing B．born C．interested D．experienced 13．A．study B．life C．space D．village 14．A．encouraged B．surprised C．reminded D．shocked 15．A．heard of B．dreamed of C．thought of D．spoke of 16．A．nervous B．afraid C．strict D．strange 17．A．Finally B．Suddenly C．Usually D．Importantly 18．A．interesting B．hardworking C．friendly D．funny 19．A．advice B．order C．interviews D．rules 20．A．praises B．keeps C．follows D．sets 三、阅读理解。 A （2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测） Do you know cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射)? Have you ever seen the auroras (极光) in the sky? Cosmic radiation creates these pretty lights in the North and South Pole areas. It seems that cosmic radiation is a beautiful gift from space. But for some people, it can be dangerous. A 53-year-old flight attendant (空中乘务员) in South Korea, who spent about 1,022 hours flying each year, passed away due to cancer. His death was thought to be connected to great exposure (暴露) to cosmic radiation. During his lifetime, nearly half of his flights crossed the areas in and around the North Pole, where cosmic radiation is very strong. Cosmic radiation from space is hitting Earth nonstop, coming from both the sun and other stars in the sky. _________ Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) and atmosphere (大气层) protect us from most cosmic radiation. The magnetic field is the strongest near the equator and the weakest at the poles. People living at higher latitudes (纬度), like in Heilongjiang province, are exposed to a bit more cosmic radiation than those living at lower latitudes, like in Hainan province. Also, when you go higher in an airplane, the thin atmosphere increases exposure to cosmic radiation. Cosmic radiation can create health risks. However, what makes cosmic radiation dangerous also makes it useful. The high speed and energy of cosmic radiation have provided wonderful ideas for treating some cancer. Scientists can now produce man-made radiation similar to cosmic radiation. Compared to the present ways of treating cancer, it can work better with less harm to healthy parts of the body around them. 21．The author starts the article by ________. A．raising questions B．telling a story C．giving an example D．comparing facts 22．Paragraph 2 mainly shows us ________. A．how harmful cancer is to people B．why the flight attendant chose the job C．what cancer the flight attendant suffered D．how dangerous cosmic radiation might be 23．Which of following can be put in “________” ? A．So we must stop exploring the space B．Luckily, our planet is well-protected C．We must try our best to protect Earth D．Cosmic radiation is strong everywhere 24．Cities at different latitudes are exposed to different amounts of cosmic radiation. Put the cities in order from the most to the least. ① Wuhan               ② Beijing                       ③ Mohe                 ④ Sanya A．①③④② B．③④①② C．③②①④ D．①②④③ 25．It can be inferred that ________. A．traveling by plane causes cancer B．people can produce cosmic radiation C．cosmic radiation can be useful if used properly D．cosmic radiation must create health risks for everyone B （2024·福建泉州·模拟预测）What is the far side of the moon like? Dark, cold and empty? Well, the secret will soon be discovered by a visitor—China’s Chang’e 6 probe. The Chang’e 6 probe will be the first in the world to take stone and soil samples (样本) from the moon’s far side. The probe was launched successfully from Hainan on May 3, 2024. Humans have done 10 missions to the moon to bring back moon samples, including China’s Chang’e 5 mission in 2020. However, all these missions so far have visited the side of the moon that faces Earth. Because the moon turns at the same speed as it circles Earth, we can never see the far side of the moon. This makes it hard to stay in touch with any spacecraft that goes there. To help the Chang’e 6 space probe “talk” to Earth, China sent a new relay satellite (中继卫星) called Queqiao 2 into space to travel around the moon, helping send messages back. “Even if the probe loses touch with Earth, it can do important work by itself,” Wang Qiong, deputy chief designer of the Chang’e 6 mission, told China Daily. The Chang’e 6 mission to the moon will take 53 days. During this time, the probe will go into orbit (轨道) around the moon and land in a place called the South Pole-Aitken Basin. It is a huge crater (撞击坑) on the far side of the moon. There, the Chang’e 6 probe, which has new smart tools, will collect up to 2 kilograms of stone and soil to bring back to Earth for further study. The Chang’e 6 marks a breakthrough in China’s lunar exploration program and also a starting point. China aims to achieve a manned lunar landing by 2030 and plans to set up a lunar research station by 2035. 26．How is Chang’e 6’s mission different from other missions before it? A．People can see where the probe works from Earth. B．The mission will start from the moon’s near side. C．The probe will bring back stone and soil samples. D．The probe will work on the far side of the moon. 27．What is the role of Queqiao 2? A．Sending the Chang’e 6 probe into orbit. B．Moving between Earth and the moon. C．Acting as a bridge between Earth and Chang’e 6. D．Helping people on Earth talk on the phone better. 28．What can we learn from the passage? A．The Chang’e 6 mission will last over two months. B．Astronauts will collect 2 kilograms of moon samples. C．We can never see the South Pole-Aitken Basin on Earth. D．The probe completely depends on people’s control. 29．What does the underlined word “breakthrough” in the last paragraph mean? A．突破 B．成功 C．发现 D．冒险 30．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． C （2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测） Some of the world’s most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day. Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe,” he said. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense. He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. ★ Terraforming means changing the environment on a planet so that it is similar to Earth’s. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature there is about -60°C． One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe. Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars-like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. It was a 1,200-square-foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy. Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities. Another important finding was that the people living together should all be able to get along and work together. One particular organization based in Europe is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030. The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good. However, many experts think the project’s cost of US$6 billion is too low for it to be successful. The American space agency NASA believes that sending people to Mars would cost about US$100 billion, although this estimate is based on bringing them back to Earth, too. Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than most people believe. 31．Paragraph 1 mainly focuses on ________. A．how we can move to another planet B．why we work on moving to Mars C．when we will move to Mars D．where the Mars is 32．Which of the following can be put in ★ . A．However, scientists will need to terraform Mars for people to be able to live. B．And people are trying to send the people to Mars with the solidarity of nations. C．But scientists can’t do anything about this due to the temperature of Mars. D．However, the population is too large to move to Mars. 33．According to paragraph 3, scientists care about ________. A．the food on Mars B．the difference between the earth and Mars C．the physical quality of people D．the cost of moving to Mars 34．The underlined word “them” refers to ________. A．humans B．scientists C．planets D．cost 35．What can we learn from the passage? A．The average temperature on Mars is 60 degrees above zero. B．The headquarters in Europe is sure to send the first humans to Mars after 2030. C．Experts believe the project will cost too much money and will not succeed. D．Expanding space colonies would be good for mankind. 四、选词填空 （24-25八年级上·甘肃武威·期末）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 it  live  large  science  possible  fly  step  start  danger  also   Humans may live on another planet one day! That seemed 36 years ago. But now the idea may come true. According to Stephen Hawking, the British 37 , we humans only have about 1,000 years to live on the earth. It means that humans 38 to another planet in 1,000 years. In fact, we have found one red planet—Mars (火星). Experts (专家) have found that there is water on 39 . The idea of living there looks possible. Thanks to science, the 40 to Mars are getting faster and faster. For example, in 2013, Dutch experts 41 the first plan to put humans on Mars in the 2020s. they offered people one-way tickets to go and build a new home on Mars. Though it is 42 , over 200,000 people still want to take part in it. In September, American experts showed another plan to get humans to Mars in six years. They’re working on building 43 and stronger rockets to carry more people. They are 44 doing a lot of preparations to help people get back to the earth. I’m looking forward to 45 on Mars. Will you join us? 5、 读写综合（2024·广东湛江·二模） A．回答问题。请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 A talk between Shenzhou- 14 astronauts and ASEAN teenagers started on November 1, 2022. The main talk place was in Beijing. The Shenzhou- 14 astronauts are Liu Yang, Chen Dong and Cai Xuzhe. The talk interested nearly 1, 000 teenagers from China and ASEAN member states. They talked with each other on the Internet. Some students were interested in the three astronauts’ life in the space station. The astronaut answered their questions patiently. There is no gravity（重力）in space, so things are not as heavy as they are on Earth. When they drop something, it doesn’t fall to the floor. They eat and drink differently in space. They have special plates so that their food doesn’t fly away. In fact, they can drink hot water and eat fresh and hot food in the space station. Though they can see sunrises and sunsets every 90 minutes in space, they still get 7 hours of sleep every night. The three astronauts also say exercise is important for them as well. Since there is no gravity their muscles（肌肉） become weak very quickly. To prevent this from happening, they have to exercise on special machines to train their muscles every day. However, it is not all hard work in space. When they are not doing science experiments, writing reports or exercising, they watch movies and read the news for fun. A high school student from the Philippines thought the talk was creative and interesting. It made him know more about the life of astronauts. He knew the beauty of our planet well from the talk, too. 46．Why are things lighter in space than they are on Earth? 47．Will their food fly away if astronauts don’t eat it on special plates? 48．How many hours do the astronauts sleep every night in space? 49．How do astronauts train their muscles? 50．What did a high school student from the Philippines think of the talk? B．书面表达 假设你是学校航天俱乐部的负责人李明，你们学校将于3月份举办有关太空或宇航员主题的英文演讲比赛，希望你发一封电子邮件，邀请外教Mr. Smith来当评委。 内容包括： 1 向Mr. Smith发出邀请； 2 告知Mr. Smith 本次演讲比赛的具体时间、地点以及演讲比赛的题目（题目根据主题自拟）； 3 赛后请Mr. Smith 参与两项活动（如：赛后讲话，参观航天俱乐部等）。 参考词汇： a speech competition 演讲比赛    a judge 评委 Dear Mr. Smith, I am Head of the Space Club in our school. We are looking forward to your presence and guidance. Yours Li Ming 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备考2025中考英语第一轮复习专题训练（广东专用） 13话题 地球与宇宙探秘(The earth and the exploration of the universe) 主题核心词汇 单词： 1. information n. 信息 2. earth n. 地球 3. Internet n. 互联网 4.computer n. 电脑 5.spirit n. 精神 6.astronaut n. 宇航员 7.space n. 空间；太空 8.technology n. 科技 9.science n. 科学 10.produce v. 生产 11.float v. 漂浮 12.create v. 创造 13.research n. 研究 14.send v. 发送 15.gravity n.重力 16.test n. 测试 17.machine n. 机器 18.task n. 任务 19.modern adj. 现代的 20.pioneer n. 先驱 21.air n. 空气 22.spacesuit n. 航天服 23.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船 24.scientist n.科学家 25.Mars n. 火星 26.moon n. 月亮；月球 27.planet n. 行星 29. succeed v.成功 30. rocket n. 火箭 短语： 1. on the radio 通过收音机 2. send up 发送 3. surf the Internet 上网 4. take the place of 取代 5. try out 试验；试用 6. keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系 7. make great progress 取得巨大进步 8 be responsible for 对……负责 9. be thirsty for 渴望 10. out of order 出毛病 11. space travel 太空旅行 12. make full use of 充分利用 13. with the development of 随着……的发展 14. have problems doing sth. 做某事有困难 15. take pride in/be proud of 以……为骄傲 16. make a contribution to 为……作贡献 17. be responsible for 对……负责 常用句型： 1. Without gravity, our bodies may become weak. 没有重力，我们的身体会变得虚弱。 2. As for teenagers, we are thirsty for knowledge. 作为青少年，我们对知识充满了渴望。 3. We should study hard and make a contribution to our mother land. 我们应该努力学习，为祖国做贡献。 4. I can learn more about space from the books. 我可以从书本上了解更多关于太空的知识。 5. We have to do sports every day to make us stronger. 我们必须每天运动来使我们身体更强壮。 话题特训 1、 语法选择。阅读短文，从A、B、C三个选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳答案。 （23-24九年级下·重庆巴南·阶段练习）Hello, welcome to Shirley’s Time! Have you ever heard of Alyssa? Alyssa is 1 astronaut. She 2 to be the first person to land on Mars by NASA in 2021 at the age of 17. She may go to Mars in 2033 and never come back to the earth. So 3 father is a little worried. He thinks that Mars may be a very dangerous place. Alyssa 4 the earth in the future. Alyssa explained why she dreamed 5 being an astronaut in a recent interview. She said, “Well, I first wanted 6 an astronaut from watching a cartoon called The Backyardigans when I was three. In the cartoon, the characters flew to Mars.” After that, the girl just kept asking for videos, books and anything she could find about space. And her parents have always given her love and support. Alyssa has always been working very 7 for her dream. She went to an expensive space school to get training. Studying there isn’t always easy. It needs to pass a lot of tests like floating (漂浮) in the air. At first she felt sick in her stomach, 8 later she got used to it. Finally, she made it to be an astronaut. 9 wonderful she was! From what she said, we also knew 10 Alyssa enjoyed speaking in public and talking to the girls who wanted to be astronauts. Thanks for listening. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．chose B．was chosen C．is chosen 3．A．her B．she C．hers 4．A．will leave B．leaves C．left 5．A．to B．on C．of 6．A．become B．becoming C．to become 7．A．hard B．harder C．hardest 8．A．and B．or C．but 9．A．How B．What C．What a 10．A．who B．that C．whether 二、完形填空。阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳答案。 （2024·广东东莞·二模）Gui Haichao is not only an astronaut but also a teacher of a university. On May 30th 2023, he took the Shenzhou-16 Spacecraft with Jing Haipeng, Zhu Yangzhu and flew to space. He won a great deal of 11 as he was the first man who wears glasses to space. Gui was 12 in a village in Yunnan in 1986. His interest in 13 began at the age of 17 when he got the news of Yang Liwei’s trip to space on the radio. The news 14 him. At that time, he 15 being an astronaut like Yang. Gui has got excellent educational achievements, but it’s not enough. He must go through 16 physical training. He never thought about giving up. 17 , he realized his dream. In the eyes of his students, Gui is 18 . “During his training, he keeps reading our essays (论文). Sometimes during dinner time, he would call me to give 19 on my essays. He is really a helpful teacher and I like him,” one of his students says. We have heard too many arguments about the “uselessness of studying” at our times, and we also know that there are many children in mountainous areas who may never got out of there. However, Gui 20 a good example to everyone. Studying can really change our life. So just dream big and study hard. 11．A．prizes B．fights C．races D．attention 12．A．growing B．born C．interested D．experienced 13．A．study B．life C．space D．village 14．A．encouraged B．surprised C．reminded D．shocked 15．A．heard of B．dreamed of C．thought of D．spoke of 16．A．nervous B．afraid C．strict D．strange 17．A．Finally B．Suddenly C．Usually D．Importantly 18．A．interesting B．hardworking C．friendly D．funny 19．A．advice B．order C．interviews D．rules 20．A．praises B．keeps C．follows D．sets 三、阅读理解。 A （2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测） Do you know cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射)? Have you ever seen the auroras (极光) in the sky? Cosmic radiation creates these pretty lights in the North and South Pole areas. It seems that cosmic radiation is a beautiful gift from space. But for some people, it can be dangerous. A 53-year-old flight attendant (空中乘务员) in South Korea, who spent about 1,022 hours flying each year, passed away due to cancer. His death was thought to be connected to great exposure (暴露) to cosmic radiation. During his lifetime, nearly half of his flights crossed the areas in and around the North Pole, where cosmic radiation is very strong. Cosmic radiation from space is hitting Earth nonstop, coming from both the sun and other stars in the sky. _________ Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) and atmosphere (大气层) protect us from most cosmic radiation. The magnetic field is the strongest near the equator and the weakest at the poles. People living at higher latitudes (纬度), like in Heilongjiang province, are exposed to a bit more cosmic radiation than those living at lower latitudes, like in Hainan province. Also, when you go higher in an airplane, the thin atmosphere increases exposure to cosmic radiation. Cosmic radiation can create health risks. However, what makes cosmic radiation dangerous also makes it useful. The high speed and energy of cosmic radiation have provided wonderful ideas for treating some cancer. Scientists can now produce man-made radiation similar to cosmic radiation. Compared to the present ways of treating cancer, it can work better with less harm to healthy parts of the body around them. 21．The author starts the article by ________. A．raising questions B．telling a story C．giving an example D．comparing facts 22．Paragraph 2 mainly shows us ________. A．how harmful cancer is to people B．why the flight attendant chose the job C．what cancer the flight attendant suffered D．how dangerous cosmic radiation might be 23．Which of following can be put in “________” ? A．So we must stop exploring the space B．Luckily, our planet is well-protected C．We must try our best to protect Earth D．Cosmic radiation is strong everywhere 24．Cities at different latitudes are exposed to different amounts of cosmic radiation. Put the cities in order from the most to the least. ① Wuhan               ② Beijing                       ③ Mohe                 ④ Sanya A．①③④② B．③④①② C．③②①④ D．①②④③ 25．It can be inferred that ________. A．traveling by plane causes cancer B．people can produce cosmic radiation C．cosmic radiation can be useful if used properly D．cosmic radiation must create health risks for everyone B （2024·福建泉州·模拟预测）What is the far side of the moon like? Dark, cold and empty? Well, the secret will soon be discovered by a visitor—China’s Chang’e 6 probe. The Chang’e 6 probe will be the first in the world to take stone and soil samples (样本) from the moon’s far side. The probe was launched successfully from Hainan on May 3, 2024. Humans have done 10 missions to the moon to bring back moon samples, including China’s Chang’e 5 mission in 2020. However, all these missions so far have visited the side of the moon that faces Earth. Because the moon turns at the same speed as it circles Earth, we can never see the far side of the moon. This makes it hard to stay in touch with any spacecraft that goes there. To help the Chang’e 6 space probe “talk” to Earth, China sent a new relay satellite (中继卫星) called Queqiao 2 into space to travel around the moon, helping send messages back. “Even if the probe loses touch with Earth, it can do important work by itself,” Wang Qiong, deputy chief designer of the Chang’e 6 mission, told China Daily. The Chang’e 6 mission to the moon will take 53 days. During this time, the probe will go into orbit (轨道) around the moon and land in a place called the South Pole-Aitken Basin. It is a huge crater (撞击坑) on the far side of the moon. There, the Chang’e 6 probe, which has new smart tools, will collect up to 2 kilograms of stone and soil to bring back to Earth for further study. The Chang’e 6 marks a breakthrough in China’s lunar exploration program and also a starting point. China aims to achieve a manned lunar landing by 2030 and plans to set up a lunar research station by 2035. 26．How is Chang’e 6’s mission different from other missions before it? A．People can see where the probe works from Earth. B．The mission will start from the moon’s near side. C．The probe will bring back stone and soil samples. D．The probe will work on the far side of the moon. 27．What is the role of Queqiao 2? A．Sending the Chang’e 6 probe into orbit. B．Moving between Earth and the moon. C．Acting as a bridge between Earth and Chang’e 6. D．Helping people on Earth talk on the phone better. 28．What can we learn from the passage? A．The Chang’e 6 mission will last over two months. B．Astronauts will collect 2 kilograms of moon samples. C．We can never see the South Pole-Aitken Basin on Earth. D．The probe completely depends on people’s control. 29．What does the underlined word “breakthrough” in the last paragraph mean? A．突破 B．成功 C．发现 D．冒险 30．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． C （2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测） Some of the world’s most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day. Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe,” he said. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense. He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. ★ Terraforming means changing the environment on a planet so that it is similar to Earth’s. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature there is about -60°C． One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe. Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars-like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. It was a 1,200-square-foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy. Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities. Another important finding was that the people living together should all be able to get along and work together. One particular organization based in Europe is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030. The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good. However, many experts think the project’s cost of US$6 billion is too low for it to be successful. The American space agency NASA believes that sending people to Mars would cost about US$100 billion, although this estimate is based on bringing them back to Earth, too. Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than most people believe. 31．Paragraph 1 mainly focuses on ________. A．how we can move to another planet B．why we work on moving to Mars C．when we will move to Mars D．where the Mars is 32．Which of the following can be put in ★ . A．However, scientists will need to terraform Mars for people to be able to live. B．And people are trying to send the people to Mars with the solidarity of nations. C．But scientists can’t do anything about this due to the temperature of Mars. D．However, the population is too large to move to Mars. 33．According to paragraph 3, scientists care about ________. A．the food on Mars B．the difference between the earth and Mars C．the physical quality of people D．the cost of moving to Mars 34．The underlined word “them” refers to ________. A．humans B．scientists C．planets D．cost 35．What can we learn from the passage? A．The average temperature on Mars is 60 degrees above zero. B．The headquarters in Europe is sure to send the first humans to Mars after 2030. C．Experts believe the project will cost too much money and will not succeed. D．Expanding space colonies would be good for mankind. 四、选词填空 （24-25八年级上·甘肃武威·期末）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 it  live  large  science  possible  fly  step  start  danger  also   Humans may live on another planet one day! That seemed 36 years ago. But now the idea may come true. According to Stephen Hawking, the British 37 , we humans only have about 1,000 years to live on the earth. It means that humans 38 to another planet in 1,000 years. In fact, we have found one red planet—Mars (火星). Experts (专家) have found that there is water on 39 . The idea of living there looks possible. Thanks to science, the 40 to Mars are getting faster and faster. For example, in 2013, Dutch experts 41 the first plan to put humans on Mars in the 2020s. they offered people one-way tickets to go and build a new home on Mars. Though it is 42 , over 200,000 people still want to take part in it. In September, American experts showed another plan to get humans to Mars in six years. They’re working on building 43 and stronger rockets to carry more people. They are 44 doing a lot of preparations to help people get back to the earth. I’m looking forward to 45 on Mars. Will you join us? 5、 读写综合（2024·广东湛江·二模） A．回答问题。请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 A talk between Shenzhou- 14 astronauts and ASEAN teenagers started on November 1, 2022. The main talk place was in Beijing. The Shenzhou- 14 astronauts are Liu Yang, Chen Dong and Cai Xuzhe. The talk interested nearly 1, 000 teenagers from China and ASEAN member states. They talked with each other on the Internet. Some students were interested in the three astronauts’ life in the space station. The astronaut answered their questions patiently. There is no gravity（重力）in space, so things are not as heavy as they are on Earth. When they drop something, it doesn’t fall to the floor. They eat and drink differently in space. They have special plates so that their food doesn’t fly away. In fact, they can drink hot water and eat fresh and hot food in the space station. Though they can see sunrises and sunsets every 90 minutes in space, they still get 7 hours of sleep every night. The three astronauts also say exercise is important for them as well. Since there is no gravity their muscles（肌肉） become weak very quickly. To prevent this from happening, they have to exercise on special machines to train their muscles every day. However, it is not all hard work in space. When they are not doing science experiments, writing reports or exercising, they watch movies and read the news for fun. A high school student from the Philippines thought the talk was creative and interesting. It made him know more about the life of astronauts. He knew the beauty of our planet well from the talk, too. 46．Why are things lighter in space than they are on Earth? 47．Will their food fly away if astronauts don’t eat it on special plates? 48．How many hours do the astronauts sleep every night in space? 49．How do astronauts train their muscles? 50．What did a high school student from the Philippines think of the talk? B．书面表达 假设你是学校航天俱乐部的负责人李明，你们学校将于3月份举办有关太空或宇航员主题的英文演讲比赛，希望你发一封电子邮件，邀请外教Mr. Smith来当评委。 内容包括： 1 向Mr. Smith发出邀请； 2 告知Mr. Smith 本次演讲比赛的具体时间、地点以及演讲比赛的题目（题目根据主题自拟）； 3 赛后请Mr. Smith 参与两项活动（如：赛后讲话，参观航天俱乐部等）。 参考词汇： a speech competition 演讲比赛    a judge 评委 Dear Mr. Smith, I am Head of the Space Club in our school. We are looking forward to your presence and guidance. Yours Li Ming 参考答案 一、 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了宇航员阿丽莎被美国国家航空航天局选为第一个登上火星的人，介绍了她的相关信息。 1．句意：阿丽莎是一名宇航员。 a不定冠词，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词。此处泛指“一名宇航员”，astronaut以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。 2．句意：2021年，17岁的她被美国国家航空航天局选为第一个登上火星的人。 chose选择，动词过去式；was chosen一般过去时的被动语态；is chosen一般现在时的被动语态。主语she和谓语choose之间是被动关系，根据“in 2021”可知句子用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 3．句意：所以她的父亲有点担心。 her她的；she她；hers她的。修饰名词father用形容词性物主代词her。故选A。 4．句意：阿丽莎将来会离开地球。 will leave离开，一般将来时；leaves动词单三；left动词过去式。根据“in the future”可知句子用一般将来时。故选A。 5．句意：阿丽莎在最近的一次采访中解释了她为什么梦想成为一名宇航员。 to到；on在上面；of……的。dream of“梦想”。故选C。 6．句意：我第一次想成为一名宇航员是在我三岁的时候看了一部名为《Backyardigans》的动画片。 become成为，动词原形；becoming动名词；to become动词不定式。want to do“想要做某事”。故选C。 7．句意：阿丽莎一直在为她的梦想而努力工作。 hard努力，原级；harder更努力；hardest最努力。very修饰原级。故选A。 8．句意：起初她感到胃部不适，但后来她习惯了。 and和；or或者；but但是。前后是转折关系，用but连接。故选C。 9．句意：她真是太棒了！ how引导感叹句，后加形容词或副词；what引导感叹句，后加不可数名词或可数名词复数；what a引导感叹句，后加可数名词单数。此处感叹句的中心词是形容词，用how引导。故选A。 10．句意：我们也知道阿丽莎喜欢在公共场合演讲，喜欢与那些想成为宇航员的女孩们交谈。 who谁；that引导从句，无意义；whether是否。宾语从句不缺少成分，整个句子意义完整，用that引导宾语从句。故选B。 二、 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．C 17．A 18．B 19．A 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了宇航员桂海潮的经历，告诉我们要志向远大，努力学习。 11．句意：由于他是第一个戴眼镜进入太空的人，他赢得了极大的关注。 prizes奖品；fights斗争；races比赛；attention注意。根据“as he was the first man who wears glasses to space.”可知，因为他是第一个戴眼镜进入太空的人，所以他受到了很多关注。故选D。 12．句意：1986年，桂海潮出生在云南的一个村庄。 growing成长；born出生；interested感兴趣的；experienced有经验的。根据“...in a village in Yunnan in 1986.”可知，此处说的是桂海潮出生的时间和地点。故选B。 13．句意：他对太空的兴趣始于17岁，当时他从收音机里听到了杨利伟太空之旅的消息。 study学习；life生活；space太空；village村庄。根据“Yang Liwei’s trip to space on the radio.”可知，听到了杨利伟的太空之旅，于是对太空很感兴趣。故选C。 14．句意：这个消息鼓舞了他。 encouraged鼓励；surprised使惊讶；reminded使想起；shocked使震惊。根据“when he got the news of Yang Liwei’s trip to space on the radio.”可知，杨利伟的太空之旅使他受到了鼓舞。故选A。 15．句意：那时，他梦想成为像杨利伟一样的宇航员。 heard of听说；dreamed of梦想；thought of考虑；spoke of讲起。根据上文“The news encouraged him.”可知，杨利伟的太空之旅使他受到了鼓舞，于是他梦想成为像杨利伟那样的宇航员。故选B。 16．句意：他必须经过严格的体能训练。 nervous焦虑的；afraid害怕的；strict严格的；strange奇怪的。根据常识可知，宇航员的训练很严格。故选C。 17．句意：最后，他实现了他的梦想。 Finally最终；Suddenly突然；Usually经常；Importantly重要地。根据“he realized his dream.”可知，桂海潮最终实现了梦想。故选A。 18．句意：在他的学生眼中，桂海潮是一个勤奋的人。 interesting有趣的；hardworking勤奋的；friendly友善的；funny有趣的。根据下文“During his training, he keeps reading our essays.”可知，在训练期间，桂海潮还在读学生们的论文，因此他很勤奋。故选B。 19．句意：有时在晚饭时间，他会打电话给我，给我的文章提建议。 advice建议；order命令；interviews采访；rules规则。根据“he would call me to give...on my essays”可知，此处指给论文提修改建议。故选A。 20．句意：然而，桂海潮给大家树立了一个好榜样。 praises表扬；keeps保持；follows遵循；sets树立。本题考查短语set a good example“树立一个好榜样”。故选D。 三、 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了宇宙辐射对某些人来说是很危险的，但是它也给抗癌治疗提供了思路。 21．细节理解题。根据“Do you know cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射)? Have you ever seen the auroras (极光) in the sky?”可知，作者开头提出了两个问题。故选A。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段可知，整段都在介绍这位空中乘务员暴露于辐射下而去世，警示宇宙辐射对某些人来说是很危险的。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据“Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) and atmosphere (大气层) protect us from most cosmic radiation.”以及“Also, when you go higher in an airplane, the thin atmosphere increases exposure to cosmic radiation.”可知，此处在说地球磁场和大气层保护我们免受大多数宇宙辐射的伤害，选项B“幸运的是，我们的星球得到了很好的保护”符合语境。故选B。 24．推理判断题。根据“People living at higher latitudes (纬度), like in Heilongjiang province, are exposed to a bit more cosmic radiation than those living at lower latitudes, like in Hainan province.”可知，纬度越高辐射越高，题干中四个城市，纬度从高到低依次是漠河、北京、武汉和三亚，辐射从高到低也是这个顺序。故选C。 25．推理判断题。根据“However, what makes cosmic radiation dangerous also makes it useful. The high speed and energy of cosmic radiation have provided wonderful ideas for treating some cancer.”可知，宇宙辐射也给抗癌治疗提供了思路，如果恰当使用，宇宙辐射是有用的。故选C。 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．B 【导语】本文讲述了中国的嫦娥六号探测器。 26．细节理解题。根据“The Chang’e 6 probe will be the first in the world to take stone and soil samples (样本) from the moon’s far side”可知第一次有探测器在月球背面工作。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据“To help the Chang’e 6 space probe ‘talk’ to Earth, China sent a new relay satellite (中继卫星) called Queqiao 2 into space to travel around the moon, helping send messages back”可知为了帮助嫦娥六号太空探测器与地球“对话”，中国向太空发射了一颗名为“鹊桥二号”的新型中继卫星，绕月飞行，帮助发回信息，所以“鹊桥二号”的作用是充当地球和嫦娥六号之间的桥梁。故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据“the Chang’e 6 probe, which has new smart tools, will collect up to 2 kilograms of stone and soil to bring back to Earth for further study”可知嫦娥六号探测器将收集多达2公斤的石头和土壤样本。故选B。 29．词义猜测题。根据“The Chang’e 6 marks a breakthrough in China’s lunar exploration program and also a starting point.”可知嫦娥六号标志着中国月球探测计划的突破，也是一个起点，故此处划线部分意为“突破”。故选A。 30．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题；第二至第四段详细介绍了嫦娥六号探测器；第五段进行总结。故文章结构是总分总结构。故选B。 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了关于人类未来在火星上生活的可能性和相关挑战。 31．主旨大意题。根据“Some of the world’s most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day…Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe”可知本段主要讲述人类移民火星的原因。故选B。 32．推理判断题。根据下文“Terraforming means changing the environment on a planet so that it is similar to Earth’s.”可知，此处在介绍Terraforming一词的含义，所以A项“然而，为了让人类能够在火星上居住，科学家需要对火星进行地球化改造”符合。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body.”可知，科学家们关注的另一大问题是，人类能否前往火星，并保持身心健康。故选C。 34．词句猜测题，根据最后一段中的“NASA believes that sending people to Mars would cost about US$100 billion, although this estimate is based on bringing them back to Earth, too.”可知，美国国家航空航天局认为，将人们送上火星将花费约1000亿美元，尽管这一估价也是基于将他们带回地球，所以划线词指代前面的“people”，所以A项符合。故选A。 35．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe”可知，扩展太空殖民地将对人类有益。故选D。 四、 36．impossible 37．scientist 38．will try 39．it 40．steps 41．started 42．dangerous 43．larger 44．also 45．living 【导语】本文介绍了关于未来人类可能在火星生活的计划及科学家为此所做的努力。 36．句意：这在几年前似乎是不可能的。根据前文“Humans may live on another planet one day!”可知，此处是说不可能的，备选词possible的反义词impossible“不可能的”符合题意，作表语。故填impossible。 37．句意：根据英国科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的说法，我们人类在地球上只能生活1000年左右。根据“According to Stephen Hawking”可知，此处应该说他是科学家，备选词science改为名词scientist“科学家”，此处指的是霍金，因此填名词单数。故填scientist。 38．句意：这意味着人类将在1000年后尝试登上另一个星球。根据“to another planet in 1,000 years.”可知，此处指的人们将尝试登陆别的星球，备选词try符合语境，该句是一般将来时，其结构为will do，故填will try。 39．句意：专家们发现那上面有水。此处指的前文提到的“Mars (火星).”，备选词it符合题意。故填it。 40．句意：多亏了科学，通往火星的步伐越来越快。根据“to Mars are getting faster and faster.”可知，应该说去火星的步伐越来越快，备选词step符合语境，此处填复数形式，泛指类别。故填steps。 41．句意：例如，2013年，荷兰专家开始了第一个在21世纪20年代将人类送上火星的计划。根据“in 2013, Dutch experts”可知，该句是一般过去时，结合“the first plan to put humans on Mars in the 2020s”可知，此处指的开始第一个计划，备选词start“开始”符合语境，填过去式。故填started。 42．句意：虽然很危险，但仍有20多万人想参加。根据“Though it is…over 200,000 people still want to take part in it.”可知，此处应该说虽然“危险”，但是仍然很多人想参加，备选词danger的形容词dangerous“危险的”，作表语。故填dangerous。 43．句意：他们正致力于建造更大更强的火箭来运载更多的人。根据“and stronger rockets to carry more people.”可知，应该说建造更大更强的火箭运载更多人，备选词large的比较级larger“更大”符合题意。故填larger。 44．句意：他们也在做很多准备工作来帮助人们返回地球。根据“doing a lot of preparations to help people get back to the earth.”以及备选词汇，此处可以说“也”在做很多准备工作来帮助人们返回地球，also“也”符合题意。故填also。 45．句意：我期待着住在火星上。根据“on Mars.”可知，应该说住在火星，备选词live符合语境，设空处前是介词“to”，接动名词。故填living。 五、A. 46．Because there is no gravity in space. 47．Yes, they will. 48．7 hours. 49．They have to exercise on special machines to train their muscles every day. 50．He thought the talk was creative and interesting. B．例文 Dear Mr. Smith, I am Head of the Space Club in our school. Our school will hold an English speech contest entitled “My Favorite Astronaut” at the Student Activity Center on January 18. We want you to be the judge. There will be 20 students attending the speech. After the game, the leaders will give a speech and visit the Aerospace Club. We sincerely hope you can come. If you can participate, please reply to me before Friday. We are looking forward to your presence and guidance. Yours Li Ming 【导语】本文主要讲述了神舟14号宇航员和学生在互联网上的谈话，介绍了他们在太空站的生活。 A.46．根据“There is no gravity（重力）in space, so things are not as heavy as they are on Earth.”可知，太空中没有重力，所以东西不像地球上那么重。故填Because there is no gravity in space. 47．根据“They have special plates so that their food doesn’t fly away.”可知，如果他们不用特殊的盘子，食物就会飞走。故填Yes, they will. 48．根据“they still get 7 hours of sleep every night”可知，宇航员在太空中每晚睡7个小时。故填7 hours. 49．根据“they have to exercise on special machines to train their muscles every day”可知，他们每天必须在特殊的机器上锻炼肌肉。故填They have to exercise on special machines to train their muscles every day. 50．根据“A high school student from the Philippines thought the talk was creative and interesting.”可知，一名来自菲律宾的高中生认为这次演讲很有创意很有趣。故填He thought the talk was creative and interesting. B．[总体分析] 题材：本文是一篇应用文，为电子邮件； 时态：时态为“一般现在时”； 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中的介绍要点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图，通过学校要举办英文演讲比赛，向Mr. Smith发出邀请来引出下文； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容,从“演讲的具体时间、地点及比赛题目”几个方面具体介绍； 第三步，书写结语表达“希望Mr. Smith莅临指导”的愿望。 [亮点词汇] ①give a speech做演讲 ②reply to回复 ③look forward to期待 [高分句型] ①There will be 20 students attending the speech.（there be句型） ②If you can participate, please reply to me before Friday.（if引导的条件状语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$