11话题主题 公共秩序与法律法规(Public order, laws and regulations)-备考2025年中考英语第一轮复习专题训练（广东专用）

备考2025中考英语第一轮复习专题训练（广东专用） 11话题主题 公共秩序与法律法规(Public order, laws and regulations) 主题核心词汇 单词： 1. law n. 法律 2. harm n./v.损害；伤害 3. warn v. 警告 4.protect v. 保护 5.prevent v. 防止 6.safety n. 安全性 7.government n. 政府 8.spread v. 传播 9.accident n. 事故；意外 10.uniform n. 制服;校服 11.society n. 社会 12.rule n. 规则 13.regret v. 后悔 14.safety n. 安全 15.responsibility n. 责任 16.harmful adj. 有害的 17.obey v. 遵守 18.punish v. 惩罚 19.support n./v. 支持 20. happen v. 发生 短语： 1. get in the way of 妨碍 2. have the right to do sth. 有权利做某事 3. offer/give one's help to do 提供帮助去做…… 4. of all ages 所有年龄段的 5. be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事 6. break out 爆发 7. be against the rules 违反规则 8. personal safety 人身安全 9. look into 向……里面看；调查 10. campus violence 校园暴力 11. keep away from 远离 12. in danger 处在危险状态 常用句型： 1. We should try our best to escape or prevent the campus violence. 我们应尽我们最大的努力避免或阻止校园暴力。 2. We should stop factories from producing harmful gases. 我们应该阻止工厂生产有害气体。 3. It's very necessary for us to obey the traffic rules. 对我们来说遵守交通规则是很有必要的。 4. No matter where we travel， we should pay attention to our personal safety. 无论我们到哪里旅游，我们都要注意自己的人身安全。 5. I think the government should take action（s） to solve this problem. 我认为政府应当采取行动来解决这个问题。 4. It's our duty to protect the environment. 保护环境是我们的责任。 5. The life is the most important because where there is a life, there is hope. 生命是最重要的，因为有生命才有希望。 话题特训 一、语法选择。请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 （2022·广东惠州·一模）During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a healthy social environment. If you offered your seat to 1 old or children, everyone would look up to you. At that time, being selfless, honest and serving people were good, and all people learned 2 the hero—Lei Feng. Nowadays, 3 most people still offer their seats to others, we can also find that some young people have excuses 4 offering their seats. Some drivers often call out, “Who can offer the old 5 seat?” It usually 6 work. As teenagers, what can we do? Every time an old man 7 next to me, I’ll stand up to offer my seat. After that I feel good. Perhaps someone will say you alone can’t change the society 8 . That’s right. But I do think a little thing can change the world some day. I often talk about my idea with my classmates, and they all agree with me. They think that a good environment 9 with everyone’s effort. Everyone dreams of changing the world, so let’s take action from simple acts like picking up waste, saving water, using both sides of paper. No matter 10 small the act is, we can do it every day to help change the world for better. 1．A．a B．the C．an D．/ 2．A．from B．to C．for D．after 3．A．if B．although C．unless D．because 4．A．to avoid B．avoid C．avoiding D．avoided 5．A．you B．your C．yourself D．yours 6．A．don’t B．doesn’t C．didn’t D．do 7．A．stand B．stood C．stands D．is standing 8．A．easy B．easily C．ease D．easier 9．A．are formed B．was formed C．were formed D．is formed 10．A．when B．what C．how D．where 二、完形填空请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 （2023·广西南宁·一模）We all know that we should stop in front of a red light. We must wait 11 it turns green. But if there is no one around or if we are very 12 that it’s OK to run the light, will we jaywalk (乱穿马路) ? Yesterday, I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg to meet an old friend. I was already late for the meeting, so I was driving 13 . When I came to a crossing, the traffic light turned red. Then 14 I looked left, right and behind me. I was alone at that time. 15 was on the road. But I sat in the car, still waiting for the light lo turn green. I started thinking about why I didn’t run the light. I was not 16 about being arrested (逮捕) because there was not a police officer or a camera. There was not a car or a man. There would be no 17 in running the light. Suddenly, I realized that I stopped because it’s part of an 18 we have in society. We trust each other to 19 the rule: Don’t run a red light. We always trust each other to do the 20 thing. The trust can be more powerful than laws. 11．A．after B．until C．if 12．A．sure B．afraid C．sorry 13．A．fast B．happily C．silently 14．A．repeated B．continued C．stopped 15．A．Somebody B．Everybody C．Nobody 16．A．excited B．worried C．angry 17．A．cause B．purpose C．danger 18．A．introduction B．agreement C．advantage 19．A．follow B．break C．improve 20．A．funny B．right C．simple 三、阅读理解。 A （2024·江苏南京·一模）While fake (虚假) news can take many forms, it can be divided into two broad types: misinformation and disinformation. Misinformation Misinformation is when false information is shared by someone who believes that information to be true. Normally it isn’t done on purpose. Disinformation Disinformation is when misleading or even false information is shared with the intention to deceive (欺骗) others. There are lots of reasons why people share fake news. Often the person sharing it doesn’t realize that it’s fake. Sometimes it’s done to advertise a service or product, so that someone can make money. It could even be done to make people laugh. Fake news can also be shared by someone who wants others to hear their own personal opinions and be affected by them. Still, fake news is shared to influence the opinions and beliefs of others about organizations and business. Fake news? Question it! To work out whether the “news” we are reading is fake, we can use our critical (批判性) thinking skills to ask ourselves the following questions. Is it a mistake or just a joke? People sometimes share information, believing that it’s true, because they don’t realize that it’s a joke. It might even be April Fools’ Day! Are there lots of spelling and grammar mistakes? If yes, it’s a sign that no one is checking the content. This could mean that those writing the content are not professional writers or journalists and the news content is untrustworthy (不可靠的). Is the article advertising something? Sometimes a news article can influence us to buy something. Companies will often pay a news organization to talk about their product as if it’s “news” to encourage people to buy it. Is the headline believable? Sensational (耸人听闻的) headlines encourage us to click on a story because they catch our attention. Some people get paid for every click, so before clicking, ask yourself, does the story sound made-up, or even impossible? Is there bias (偏见)? Sometimes certain facts have been left out of a story because the writer wants the readers to believe it. Bias is an underlying (隐含的) opinion that guides our actions. See if you can fact-check the story with another news source if you’re unsure. When fake news causes stress or hurt to the person or people it targets (将……作为目标), it is often the case that those who have helped spread it will claim they were not to blame. However, sharing fake news is just like adding fuel (燃料) to a fire. If the false information doesn’t get shared, it doesn’t get seen and cannot fulfil its purpose. When it comes to fake news, it’s not enough to not write something, we must refuse to share it, too. 21．What’s the main difference between disinformation and misinformation? A．Disinformation is harmful to the public, while misinformation is not. B．Disinformation is shared to deceive others, while misinformation is often not. C．Disinformation is aimed at young people, while misinformation is aimed at older ones. D．Disinformation is produced by professionals, while misinformation by ordinary people. 22．People spread fake news for the following reasons except to ________. A．trick or entertain people B．challenge the news industry C．make money through advertising D．influence public opinions and beliefs 23．According to the writer, what do lots of spelling or grammar mistakes show? A．The news report is published in a hurry. B．The news report isn’t professionally written. C．The person who checks the content is careless. D．The news report is likely to be written by a machine. 24．Which of the following can help us tell if a piece of news is fake? ① a biased fact is given      ② its headline is sensational ③ the news content seems like a joke ④any product or service is mentioned A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 25．Which of the following best describe the writer’s opinion on sharing fake news? A．Support. B．Praise. C．Doubt. D．Disagree. B （2023·内蒙古兴安盟·一模）Some beggars (乞丐) have been found to accept donations (捐赠) by mobile phone recently in eastern China. Pictures of a beggar with a printout of a QR code (二维码) round his neck in Jinan, Shandong province, have appeared on social media. The man is among several beggars accepting cash-free payments in the city. He is said to have a mental illness and was given the QR code by his family. In China’s increasingly cashless society, the code allows passers-by to donate by scanning (扫描) the code with their phone. Beijing News said: “A beggar armed with a smart phone and skillfully operating his or her account is probably not a person that is really in need. Technology is supposed to make life and work easier, but should never become a means for those who want to be successful without making any contribution to the world.” It called on people to refuse to help these professional (专业的) beggars and said that the police should prevent them from disturbing others. As many as 60 percent of China’s 700 million internet users make payments by their phone, using Wechat, which is owned by Tencent, or its rival Alipay, owned by Alibaba. Wechat users need only to have a mobile phone number to register and accept payments, which can be linked to a bank account (账户) or used to spend directly from the phone. Some social media users praised the beggar.“Even beggars are keeping up with the times. There is no excuse for common people like us,” one wrote on Weibo. Others were less kind, “I wouldn’t give a penny to him,” one wrote. “He’s able to work and walk, not to mention using a smart phone.” 26．The first paragraph in the passage is used to ________. A．tell readers the living conditions of beggars B．ask readers about the meaning of a QR code C．describe why beggars all use a QR code D．introduce the topic of the passage to readers 27．What is round the beggar’s neck in Jinan? A．Some pictures. B．A printout of a QR code. C．A mobile phone. D．Some money. 28．Which of the following is true according to Beijing News? A．People don’t need to care about the professional beggars. B．A beggar armed with a smart phone is really in need. C．We should prevent technology from helping beggars. D．Those who make no contributions to the world can be successful in China. 29．As many as ________ of China’s 700 million internet users make payments by their phone. A．50% B．700% C．60% D．100% 30．From the passage, we know that ________. A．in China, people live a happy cash-free life B．some social media users dislike the beggars C．people should learn from the beggars above-mentioned D．more than 700 million internet users make payments by their mobile phone C 根据短文内容，从下面选项中选择适当的句子完成短文。每个选项限用一次。 （2024·内蒙古赤峰·一模）You know, now it is easy to make a short video. Today, almost all smartphones have a camera. And with free apps like TikTok (or Douyin), you can easily share your videos or broadcast live (直播). 31 One popular online broadcaster (主播) was recently taken away by the police. Why? During one of her broadcasts, she made fun of a national song. 32 However, she broke the law (法律). 33 It’s difficult to stop using it. However, when we are on the Internet, we may sometimes forget what we post (发布) can also have bad effects. Posting fake (假的) news or something bad is against the law. 34 So think twice before you click the “share” or “broadcast” button (按钮). 35 You should use the Internet properly! A．No matter where you are, in the real world or online, you should obey the law. B．If you are lucky, you will soon have many fans. C．Perhaps she only wanted to make her fans happy. D．In many ways, the Internet has bought a lot of fun to our life. E．If you have posted fake (假的) news or something bad videos, the police can find out. 四、选词填空。 （2024·广西钦州·一模）根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在答题卡对应的横线上。 每个单词只能用一次。 drive   for   usually     classroom   cost  or      introduce   Europe    thousand       rules Have you ever driven through a red traffic light? Have you ever parked in the wrong place or driven faster than the speed limit (限制)? The answers are probably “yes”. Every year 36 of drivers become “offenders” (违法者)—they break the rules of the road. But what are punishments 37 this offence? In most countries drivers have to pay a fine (罚款), 38 $100—$300. But in the USA, Australia and some 39 countries offenders also get points on their driving license (驾照). After they get a certain number of points, they can’t 40 .   Life is difficult when you can’t drive. So far some states in the USA have 41 a new way to avoid this——Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their license 42 they can do a course at Traffic School. Traffic Schools run “driver improvement courses”. They 43 about $100 and take from four to twelve hours. Most people do the course in a 44 , but in some states drivers can do the course online. Drivers learn the 45 of the road and they learn how to be better drivers. They don’t have to take a driving test, but at the end of the course they have to pass a written examination. 5、 读写综合。（24-25九年级上·广东惠州·期末） A.回答问题 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 Zhang Yi is a 21-year-old girl from Guangzhou, China. Now she studies in Britain. One day, when she was taking a train from London to Oxford, the train had been very quiet.  Some people were resting while others were reading books or listening to music. Suddenly, a group of Chinese people laughed loudly as they played a card game.     Now more and more Chinese people are traveling abroad. However, their bad manners have given them a bad reputation（名声）.     A recent US survey of 5,600 people from five countries showed that Chinese people are the second-worst tourists. The worst are American tourists.     Some Chinese tourists talk loudly in places like cafes and museums. Some Chinese tourists also like to write or draw pictures on famous buildings. In Singapore, some Chinese tourists are fined (罚款) because they smoke in non-smoking areas.      Some people may say that they can do anything because they pay money to spend their holidays. In fact, it is not true. While enjoying ourselves, we should also respect local customs and take care of the environment. 46．How did Zhang Yi travel to Oxford? 47．Who played a card game? 48．How many people joined in the survey? 49．What do some Chinese tourists do to the famous buildings? 50．What should. we do while we are enjoying our holidays? B．书面表达（本题15分）     很多城市都在创建文明城市。文明城市的创建需要每个人的努力。然而，我们时不时会在公共场所看见一些不文明的行为，请你就此写一封倡议书。     内容包括：     1. 你在公共场所经常见到的两种不文明行为；     2. 提出一些文明准则（至少两种）；     3. 号召大家做一个文明的人。     写作要求：     1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名；     2. 语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。     参考词汇：文明城市civilized city Dear citizens, Thank you all. 参考答案 一、 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何做才会有一个健康的好的社会环境。 1．句意：如果你把座位让给老人或孩子，每个人都会尊敬你。 a不定冠词，表泛指，用在辅音音素开头的单词前；the这个，定冠词，表示特指；an不定冠词，表泛指，用在元音音素开头的单词前；/不填，零冠词。the+adj.，表示一类人或一类事物，此处the old意为“老人”。故选B。 2．句意：那时，无私、诚实、为人民服务是好的，所有人都向英雄雷锋学习。 from来自；to到；for为了；after在……之后。固定短语learn from sb.“向某人学习”。故选A。 3．句意：如今，虽然大多数人仍然把座位让给别人，但我们也可以发现，一些年轻人有借口不让座。 if如果；although尽管；unless除非；because因为。根据“still”以及“we can also find that some young people have excuses...”可知，此处是指虽然有人会让座，但是也有人找借口不让座，需用although引导让步状语从句。故选B。 4．句意：如今，虽然大多数人仍然把座位让给别人，但我们也可以发现，一些年轻人有借口不让座。 to avoid避免，动词不定式；avoid避免，动词原形；avoiding避免，现在分词或动名词；avoided避免，过去式或过去分词。固定短语have excuses to do sth.“有理由做某事”。故选A。　　　　　　　　 5．句意：谁能把你的座位让给老人？ you你，主格或宾格；your你的，形容词性物主代词；yourself你自己，反身代词；yours你的，名词性物主代词。空后有名词“seat”，其前需用形容词性物主代词修饰。故选B。 6．句意：它通常不起作用。 don’t不；doesn’t不；didn’t不；do作为助动词时，无意义。根据“usually”可知，本句是一般现在时，且主语“It”是第三人称单数，动词需用三单形式，否定句需借助于助动词doesn’t。故选B。 7．句意：每次有老人站在我旁边，我都会站起来让座。 stand站，原形；stood站，过去式；stands站，三单形式；is standing正在站，现在进行时。Every time引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。此处主语“an old man”是第三人称单数，动词需用三单形式。故选C。 8．句意：也许有人会说你一个人不能轻易改变这个社会。 easy容易的，形容词；easily容易地，副词；ease容易，名词；easier更容易的，比较级。空前有动词“change”，其后需用副词修饰。故选B。 9．句意：他们认为，一个良好的环境是通过每个人的努力形成的。 are formed一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数或第二人称；was formed一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数或第一人称单数；were formed一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数或第二人称；is formed一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数。本文主体时态为一般现在时，且主语“environment”和谓语动词“form”之间存在被动关系，故此处需用am/is/are done结构；主语“environment”是单数，be用is。故选D。 10．句意：无论行动有多小，我们每天都可以这样做，帮助世界变得更好。 when什么时候；what什么；how如何；where哪里。空后有形容词“small”可知，此处是No matter how引导让步状语从句，意为“无论怎样”。故选C。 二、 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．C 15．C 16．B 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文作者讲述自己在匆忙中，遇到路况清楚且没有警察或摄像头的情况下仍坚持等候，不闯红灯，因为他觉得这是社会契约的一部分，信任可能比法律更强大。 11．我们必须等到它变成绿色。 after在……之后；until直到；if如果。根据“We all know that we should stop in front of a red light”遇到红灯要停；可知，此处指“必须一直等到变成绿灯”。故选B。 12．句意：但是，如果周围没有人，或者我们非常确定可以闯红灯，我们会乱穿马路吗？ sure确信的；afraid害怕的；sorry遗憾的。根据“will we jaywalk”质疑——我们会乱穿马路吗；可知此处指“在周围没有人，或者我们非常确定可以闯红灯的情况下会乱穿马路吗”。故选A。 13．句意：我聚会已经迟到了，所以我开得很快。 fast快速地；happily快乐地；silently安静地；根据“I was already late for the meeting”可知此处指“聚会迟到了，开得很快”。故选A。 14．句意：然后我停了下来，我看了看左边，右边和我身后。 repeated重复；continued继续；stopped停止。根据“the traffic light turned red.”交通灯变红了；可知此处指“停了下来”。故选C。 15．句意：路上没有人。 Somebody某人；Everybody每个人；Nobody没有人。根据“I was alone at that time”那时我独自一人；可知此处指“路上没有人”。故选C。 16．句意：我并不担心被逮捕，因为没有警察，也没有摄像头。 excited激动的；worried担心的；angry生气的。根据“because there was not a police officer or a camera.”可知此处指“没有警察或摄像头，不担心被逮捕”。故选B。 17．句意：闯红灯是没有危险的。 cause原因；purpose目的；danger危险。根据“There was not a car or a man.”可知此处指“没有车，也没有人，闯红灯是没有危险的”。故选C。 18．句意：突然，我意识到我停下来是因为这是我们社会契约的一部分。 introduction介绍；agreement契约；advantage优势。根据“We trust each other to follow the rule…Don’t run a red light.”我们相信彼此，不闯红灯；可知此处指“不闯红灯是属于社会契约”。故选B。 19．句意：我们相信彼此会遵守这条规则：不闯红灯。 follow遵循；break中断；improve改进。根据“Don’t run a red light.”不闯红灯；可知此处指“要遵守这条规则”。故选A。 20．句意：我们总是相信对方会做正确的事。 funny有趣的；right正确的；simple简单的。根据“The trust can be more powerful than laws”信任可以比法律更强大；可知此处指“相信对方会做正确的事”。故选B。 三、 21．B 22．B 23．B 24．A 25．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了虚假新闻的两种类型：误导性信息和假消息，呼吁拒绝分享虚假新闻。 21．细节理解题。根据表格内容“Misinformation is when false information is shared by someone who believes that information to be true.”和“Disinformation is when misleading or even false information is shared with the intention to deceive others.”可知，误导性信息相信虚假信息的人分享虚假信息，而假消息是分享误导甚至虚假的信息，意图欺骗他人。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sometimes it’s done to advertise a service or product, so that someone can make money. It could even be done to make people laugh.”和第三段“Still, fake news is shared to influence the opinions and beliefs of others about organizations and business.”可知，人们传播虚假新闻的原因有：赚钱，娱乐别人，影响他人的看法和信念。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据第九段“This could mean that those writing the content are not professional writers or journalists and the news content is untrustworthy.”可知，如果有很多拼写和语法错误，表面撰写内容的人不是专业作家或记者，新闻内容不可信。故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据第六段“Is it a mistake or just a joke?”，第十二段“Is the headline believable?”和第十四段“Is there bias?”可知，本身就是一个错误或者笑话，给出了一个有偏见的事实，标题很耸人听闻都属于虚假新闻。故选A。 25．观点态度题。根据最后一段“When it comes to fake news, it’s not enough to not write something, we must refuse to share it, too.”可知，当涉及到假新闻时，不写是不够的，我们也必须拒绝分享。故选D。 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．C 30．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了乞丐行骗方式的转变。 26．推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了乞丐接受二维码转款，结合全文内容可知这是用来引出本文话题的。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据“Pictures of a beggar with a printout of a QR code round his neck in Jinan, Shandong province, have appeared on social media.”可知乞丐的脖子上挂着打印出来的二维码。故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据“A beggar armed with a smart phone and skillfully operating his or her account is probably not a person that is really in need. Technology is supposed to make life and work easier, but should never become a means for those who want to be successful without making any contribution to the world.”可知《新京报》提醒人们应该阻止科技帮助这些专业乞丐。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据“As many as 60 percent of China’s 700 million internet users make payments by their phone, using Wechat, which is owned by Tencent, or its rival Alipay, owned by Alibaba.”可知在中国7亿互联网用户中，多达60%的人通过手机支付。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段可知一些社交媒体用户这么讲乞丐：“即使是乞丐也跟上了时代。像我们这样的普通人没有任何借口”，“我不会给他一分钱的。他能够工作和走路，更不用说使用智能手机了。” 由此推出他们不喜欢这些乞丐。故选B。 31．B 32．C 33．D 34．E 35．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了在智能手机时代，分享短视频非常方便，但在分享前，要考虑再三，不要违反法律。 31．根据上文“And with free apps like TikTok (or Douyin), you can easily share your videos or broadcast live (直播).”可知，此处说的是分享短视频，选项B“运气好的话，很快就会有很多粉丝。”符合语境，故选B。 32．根据下文“However, she broke the law (法律).”可知，这句话和空格处构成转折关系，由此推测，空格处应表示她本意不是要违反法律，选项C“也许她只是想让她的粉丝开心。”符合语境，故选C。 33．根据下文“It’s difficult to stop using it.”可推测，空格处应说明很难停止使用网络的原因，选项D“在许多方面，互联网给我们的生活带来了许多乐趣。”符合语境，故选D。 34．根据上文“Posting fake (假的) news or something bad is against the law.”可知，此处说的是发布假消息的不良后果，选项E“如果你发布了假新闻或一些不良视频，警察可以发现。”符合语境，故选E。 35．根据下文“You should use the Internet properly!”可知，此处说的是对于使用互联网的建议，选项A“无论你在哪里，在现实世界还是在网络上，你都应该遵守法律。”符合语境，故选A。 四、 36．thousands 37．for 38．usually 39．European 40．drive 41．introduced 42．or 43．cost 44．classroom 45．rules 【导语】本文主要讲述了人们在不同国家违反交通规则的处理方法。 36．句意：每年都有成千上万的司机成为“违法者”——他们违反了交通规则。结合所给单词和空后的“of drivers”可知，空格处应填thousands，thousands of意为“成千上万的”。故填thousands。 37．句意：但是对这种违法行为的惩罚是什么？结合所给单词和“what are punishments...this offence”可知，此处表示对于这种违法行为的惩罚是什么。介词for“对于”符合语境。故填for。 38．句意：在大多数国家，司机必须支付罚款，通常为100—300美元。结合所给单词和语境可知，此处表示罚款通常是100—300美元。副词usually“通常”符合语境。故填usually。 39．句意：但是在美国、澳大利亚和一些欧洲国家，违章者也会在驾驶执照上扣分。结合所给单词和“in the USA, Australia and some...countries”可知，空格处应填形容词European“欧洲的”，用于修饰空后的名词countries。故填European。 40．句意：他们扣到一定分数后，就不能开车了。根据“After they get a certain number of points”可知，扣到一定的分数，就不能开车了，动词drive“驾驶”符合语境，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填drive。 41．句意：到目前为止，美国的一些州已经引进了一种新的方法来避免这种情况——交通学校。结合所给单词和空后的“a new way”可知，动词introduce“引进”符合语境，空前的have是现在完成时的助动词，其后接动词过去分词，所以introduce要变成introduced。故填introduced。 42．句意：他们可以在驾照上扣分，或者在交通学校学习课程。根据“Offenders have a choice”可知，违法者有了选择，所以此处表示违法者可以在两种惩罚里选一种，空格处意为“或者”，故填or。 43．句意：它们大约花费100美元，需要4到12个小时。结合所给单词和空后的“about $100”可知，动词cost“花费”符合语境，根据语境可知，时态是一般现在时，主语They表示复数，动词应用原形。故填cost。 44．句意：大多数人在教室里学习课程，但是在一些州，司机可以在线学习课程。结合所给单词和空前的“in a”可知，名词classroom“教室”符合语境。故填classroom。 45．句意：司机学习道路规则，他们学习如何成为更好的司机。结合所给单词和空前的“learn the”可知，名词复数形式rules“规则”符合语境。故填rules。 五、 A. 46．She/Zhang Yi travelled/traveled to Oxford by (taking a)train./By (taking a)train. 47．A group of Chinese people played a card game./A group of Chinese people. 48．5,600 people(from five countries) joined in the survey./5,600 (people). 49．They write or draw pictures (on famous buildings). 50．We should respect local customs and take care of the environment. B．例文 Dear citizens, As we all know, our city is aiming at being a civilized one. Everybody should make an effort. However, some people still behave badly in public. For example, they smoke in no-smoking areas or spit on the floor. These actions are rude and they are bad for people’s health. To make our city a better one, we should do something, such as waiting in line while getting on the bus and keeping our mobile phones off during the meeting. Let’s try our best to be a polite person, no matter where we are. Thank you all. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过张毅在去牛津的火车上的见闻，说明了中国游客在旅行中的一些不文明行为，倡导大家要文明出行。 46．根据“One day, when she was taking a train from London to Oxford,”可知，张毅是坐火车去牛津的，故填She/Zhang Yi travelled/traveled to Oxford by (taking a)train./By (taking a)train. 47．根据“a group of Chinese people laughed loudly as they played a card game.”可知，是一群中国人在玩纸牌。故填A group of Chinese people played a card game./A group of Chinese people. 48．根据“A recent US survey of 5,600 people from five countries”可知，有来自五个国家的5600人参与了调查。故填5,600 people(from five countries) joined in the survey./5,600 (people). 49．根据“Some Chinese tourists also like to write or draw pictures on famous buildings.”可知，一些中国游客在著名的建筑上写写画画，故填They write or draw pictures (on famous buildings). 50．根据“In fact, it is not true. While enjoying ourselves, we should also respect local customs and take care of the environment.”可知，在享受假期的同时，也应该尊重当地的风俗习惯，照顾好环境。故填We should respect local customs and take care of the environment. B．1.题干解析：本文是一篇材料作文，要求写一篇80词左右的英语短文介绍两种不文明的行为和至少两条文明准则，以及提出做文明人的号召。文章要点已给出，需要包含所有要点，要注意上下文衔接。 2.写作指导：本文时态主要用一般现在时，人称主要采用第三人称和第一人称。写作时要注意主谓一致等问题，适当使用短语和句型，增加文章亮点。注意上下文连接紧密，符合逻辑关系，不要出现单词和语法错误 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备考2025中考英语第一轮复习专题训练（广东专用） 11话题主题 公共秩序与法律法规(Public order, laws and regulations) 主题核心词汇 单词： 1. law n. 法律 2. harm n./v.损害；伤害 3. warn v. 警告 4.protect v. 保护 5.prevent v. 防止 6.safety n. 安全性 7.government n. 政府 8.spread v. 传播 9.accident n. 事故；意外 10.uniform n. 制服;校服 11.society n. 社会 12.rule n. 规则 13.regret v. 后悔 14.safety n. 安全 15.responsibility n. 责任 16.harmful adj. 有害的 17.obey v. 遵守 18.punish v. 惩罚 19.support n./v. 支持 20. happen v. 发生 短语： 1. get in the way of 妨碍 2. have the right to do sth. 有权利做某事 3. offer/give one's help to do 提供帮助去做…… 4. of all ages 所有年龄段的 5. be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事 6. break out 爆发 7. be against the rules 违反规则 8. personal safety 人身安全 9. look into 向……里面看；调查 10. campus violence 校园暴力 11. keep away from 远离 12. in danger 处在危险状态 常用句型： 1. We should try our best to escape or prevent the campus violence. 我们应尽我们最大的努力避免或阻止校园暴力。 2. We should stop factories from producing harmful gases. 我们应该阻止工厂生产有害气体。 3. It's very necessary for us to obey the traffic rules. 对我们来说遵守交通规则是很有必要的。 4. No matter where we travel， we should pay attention to our personal safety. 无论我们到哪里旅游，我们都要注意自己的人身安全。 5. I think the government should take action（s） to solve this problem. 我认为政府应当采取行动来解决这个问题。 4. It's our duty to protect the environment. 保护环境是我们的责任。 5. The life is the most important because where there is a life, there is hope. 生命是最重要的，因为有生命才有希望。 话题特训 一、语法选择。请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 （2022·广东惠州·一模）During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a healthy social environment. If you offered your seat to 1 old or children, everyone would look up to you. At that time, being selfless, honest and serving people were good, and all people learned 2 the hero—Lei Feng. Nowadays, 3 most people still offer their seats to others, we can also find that some young people have excuses 4 offering their seats. Some drivers often call out, “Who can offer the old 5 seat?” It usually 6 work. As teenagers, what can we do? Every time an old man 7 next to me, I’ll stand up to offer my seat. After that I feel good. Perhaps someone will say you alone can’t change the society 8 . That’s right. But I do think a little thing can change the world some day. I often talk about my idea with my classmates, and they all agree with me. They think that a good environment 9 with everyone’s effort. Everyone dreams of changing the world, so let’s take action from simple acts like picking up waste, saving water, using both sides of paper. No matter 10 small the act is, we can do it every day to help change the world for better. 1．A．a B．the C．an D．/ 2．A．from B．to C．for D．after 3．A．if B．although C．unless D．because 4．A．to avoid B．avoid C．avoiding D．avoided 5．A．you B．your C．yourself D．yours 6．A．don’t B．doesn’t C．didn’t D．do 7．A．stand B．stood C．stands D．is standing 8．A．easy B．easily C．ease D．easier 9．A．are formed B．was formed C．were formed D．is formed 10．A．when B．what C．how D．where 二、完形填空请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 （2023·广西南宁·一模）We all know that we should stop in front of a red light. We must wait 11 it turns green. But if there is no one around or if we are very 12 that it’s OK to run the light, will we jaywalk (乱穿马路) ? Yesterday, I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg to meet an old friend. I was already late for the meeting, so I was driving 13 . When I came to a crossing, the traffic light turned red. Then 14 I looked left, right and behind me. I was alone at that time. 15 was on the road. But I sat in the car, still waiting for the light lo turn green. I started thinking about why I didn’t run the light. I was not 16 about being arrested (逮捕) because there was not a police officer or a camera. There was not a car or a man. There would be no 17 in running the light. Suddenly, I realized that I stopped because it’s part of an 18 we have in society. We trust each other to 19 the rule: Don’t run a red light. We always trust each other to do the 20 thing. The trust can be more powerful than laws. 11．A．after B．until C．if 12．A．sure B．afraid C．sorry 13．A．fast B．happily C．silently 14．A．repeated B．continued C．stopped 15．A．Somebody B．Everybody C．Nobody 16．A．excited B．worried C．angry 17．A．cause B．purpose C．danger 18．A．introduction B．agreement C．advantage 19．A．follow B．break C．improve 20．A．funny B．right C．simple 三、阅读理解。 A （2024·江苏南京·一模）While fake (虚假) news can take many forms, it can be divided into two broad types: misinformation and disinformation. Misinformation Misinformation is when false information is shared by someone who believes that information to be true. Normally it isn’t done on purpose. Disinformation Disinformation is when misleading or even false information is shared with the intention to deceive (欺骗) others. There are lots of reasons why people share fake news. Often the person sharing it doesn’t realize that it’s fake. Sometimes it’s done to advertise a service or product, so that someone can make money. It could even be done to make people laugh. Fake news can also be shared by someone who wants others to hear their own personal opinions and be affected by them. Still, fake news is shared to influence the opinions and beliefs of others about organizations and business. Fake news? Question it! To work out whether the “news” we are reading is fake, we can use our critical (批判性) thinking skills to ask ourselves the following questions. Is it a mistake or just a joke? People sometimes share information, believing that it’s true, because they don’t realize that it’s a joke. It might even be April Fools’ Day! Are there lots of spelling and grammar mistakes? If yes, it’s a sign that no one is checking the content. This could mean that those writing the content are not professional writers or journalists and the news content is untrustworthy (不可靠的). Is the article advertising something? Sometimes a news article can influence us to buy something. Companies will often pay a news organization to talk about their product as if it’s “news” to encourage people to buy it. Is the headline believable? Sensational (耸人听闻的) headlines encourage us to click on a story because they catch our attention. Some people get paid for every click, so before clicking, ask yourself, does the story sound made-up, or even impossible? Is there bias (偏见)? Sometimes certain facts have been left out of a story because the writer wants the readers to believe it. Bias is an underlying (隐含的) opinion that guides our actions. See if you can fact-check the story with another news source if you’re unsure. When fake news causes stress or hurt to the person or people it targets (将……作为目标), it is often the case that those who have helped spread it will claim they were not to blame. However, sharing fake news is just like adding fuel (燃料) to a fire. If the false information doesn’t get shared, it doesn’t get seen and cannot fulfil its purpose. When it comes to fake news, it’s not enough to not write something, we must refuse to share it, too. 21．What’s the main difference between disinformation and misinformation? A．Disinformation is harmful to the public, while misinformation is not. B．Disinformation is shared to deceive others, while misinformation is often not. C．Disinformation is aimed at young people, while misinformation is aimed at older ones. D．Disinformation is produced by professionals, while misinformation by ordinary people. 22．People spread fake news for the following reasons except to ________. A．trick or entertain people B．challenge the news industry C．make money through advertising D．influence public opinions and beliefs 23．According to the writer, what do lots of spelling or grammar mistakes show? A．The news report is published in a hurry. B．The news report isn’t professionally written. C．The person who checks the content is careless. D．The news report is likely to be written by a machine. 24．Which of the following can help us tell if a piece of news is fake? ① a biased fact is given      ② its headline is sensational ③ the news content seems like a joke ④any product or service is mentioned A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 25．Which of the following best describe the writer’s opinion on sharing fake news? A．Support. B．Praise. C．Doubt. D．Disagree. B （2023·内蒙古兴安盟·一模）Some beggars (乞丐) have been found to accept donations (捐赠) by mobile phone recently in eastern China. Pictures of a beggar with a printout of a QR code (二维码) round his neck in Jinan, Shandong province, have appeared on social media. The man is among several beggars accepting cash-free payments in the city. He is said to have a mental illness and was given the QR code by his family. In China’s increasingly cashless society, the code allows passers-by to donate by scanning (扫描) the code with their phone. Beijing News said: “A beggar armed with a smart phone and skillfully operating his or her account is probably not a person that is really in need. Technology is supposed to make life and work easier, but should never become a means for those who want to be successful without making any contribution to the world.” It called on people to refuse to help these professional (专业的) beggars and said that the police should prevent them from disturbing others. As many as 60 percent of China’s 700 million internet users make payments by their phone, using Wechat, which is owned by Tencent, or its rival Alipay, owned by Alibaba. Wechat users need only to have a mobile phone number to register and accept payments, which can be linked to a bank account (账户) or used to spend directly from the phone. Some social media users praised the beggar.“Even beggars are keeping up with the times. There is no excuse for common people like us,” one wrote on Weibo. Others were less kind, “I wouldn’t give a penny to him,” one wrote. “He’s able to work and walk, not to mention using a smart phone.” 26．The first paragraph in the passage is used to ________. A．tell readers the living conditions of beggars B．ask readers about the meaning of a QR code C．describe why beggars all use a QR code D．introduce the topic of the passage to readers 27．What is round the beggar’s neck in Jinan? A．Some pictures. B．A printout of a QR code. C．A mobile phone. D．Some money. 28．Which of the following is true according to Beijing News? A．People don’t need to care about the professional beggars. B．A beggar armed with a smart phone is really in need. C．We should prevent technology from helping beggars. D．Those who make no contributions to the world can be successful in China. 29．As many as ________ of China’s 700 million internet users make payments by their phone. A．50% B．700% C．60% D．100% 30．From the passage, we know that ________. A．in China, people live a happy cash-free life B．some social media users dislike the beggars C．people should learn from the beggars above-mentioned D．more than 700 million internet users make payments by their mobile phone C 根据短文内容，从下面选项中选择适当的句子完成短文。每个选项限用一次。 （2024·内蒙古赤峰·一模）You know, now it is easy to make a short video. Today, almost all smartphones have a camera. And with free apps like TikTok (or Douyin), you can easily share your videos or broadcast live (直播). 31 One popular online broadcaster (主播) was recently taken away by the police. Why? During one of her broadcasts, she made fun of a national song. 32 However, she broke the law (法律). 33 It’s difficult to stop using it. However, when we are on the Internet, we may sometimes forget what we post (发布) can also have bad effects. Posting fake (假的) news or something bad is against the law. 34 So think twice before you click the “share” or “broadcast” button (按钮). 35 You should use the Internet properly! A．No matter where you are, in the real world or online, you should obey the law. B．If you are lucky, you will soon have many fans. C．Perhaps she only wanted to make her fans happy. D．In many ways, the Internet has bought a lot of fun to our life. E．If you have posted fake (假的) news or something bad videos, the police can find out. 四、选词填空。 （2024·广西钦州·一模）根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在答题卡对应的横线上。 每个单词只能用一次。 drive   for   usually     classroom   cost  or      introduce   Europe    thousand       rules Have you ever driven through a red traffic light? Have you ever parked in the wrong place or driven faster than the speed limit (限制)? The answers are probably “yes”. Every year 36 of drivers become “offenders” (违法者)—they break the rules of the road. But what are punishments 37 this offence? In most countries drivers have to pay a fine (罚款), 38 $100—$300. But in the USA, Australia and some 39 countries offenders also get points on their driving license (驾照). After they get a certain number of points, they can’t 40 .   Life is difficult when you can’t drive. So far some states in the USA have 41 a new way to avoid this——Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their license 42 they can do a course at Traffic School. Traffic Schools run “driver improvement courses”. They 43 about $100 and take from four to twelve hours. Most people do the course in a 44 , but in some states drivers can do the course online. Drivers learn the 45 of the road and they learn how to be better drivers. They don’t have to take a driving test, but at the end of the course they have to pass a written examination. 5、 读写综合。（24-25九年级上·广东惠州·期末） A.回答问题 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 Zhang Yi is a 21-year-old girl from Guangzhou, China. Now she studies in Britain. One day, when she was taking a train from London to Oxford, the train had been very quiet.  Some people were resting while others were reading books or listening to music. Suddenly, a group of Chinese people laughed loudly as they played a card game.     Now more and more Chinese people are traveling abroad. However, their bad manners have given them a bad reputation（名声）.     A recent US survey of 5,600 people from five countries showed that Chinese people are the second-worst tourists. The worst are American tourists.     Some Chinese tourists talk loudly in places like cafes and museums. Some Chinese tourists also like to write or draw pictures on famous buildings. In Singapore, some Chinese tourists are fined (罚款) because they smoke in non-smoking areas.      Some people may say that they can do anything because they pay money to spend their holidays. In fact, it is not true. While enjoying ourselves, we should also respect local customs and take care of the environment. 46．How did Zhang Yi travel to Oxford? 47．Who played a card game? 48．How many people joined in the survey? 49．What do some Chinese tourists do to the famous buildings? 50．What should. we do while we are enjoying our holidays? B．书面表达（本题15分）     很多城市都在创建文明城市。文明城市的创建需要每个人的努力。然而，我们时不时会在公共场所看见一些不文明的行为，请你就此写一封倡议书。     内容包括：     1. 你在公共场所经常见到的两种不文明行为；     2. 提出一些文明准则（至少两种）；     3. 号召大家做一个文明的人。     写作要求：     1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名；     2. 语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。     参考词汇：文明城市civilized city Dear citizens, Thank you all. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$