专题08 说明文阅读（安徽专用）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语一模试题分类汇编

专题08 说明文阅读 （一） （2025·安徽蚌埠市·一模） C At one point or another, you’ve probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about. Psychologists have studied this topic and suggested a somewhat surprising explanation known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. In a set of studies testing this effect, researchers Justin Kruger and David Duming asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain (such as humor or logical reasoning). Then, participants were asked to guess how well they had done on the test. They found that participants had the tendency to overestimate their abilities, and this effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test. Why does it happen? In an interview, David Dunning explains that “the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task. ” In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited. Importantly someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be susceptible to the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain. This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect. Dunning explains in an article that “You may think this doesn’t apply to you. But the problem of unrecognized ignorance is one that visits us all. ” What can people do to overcome the Dunning-Kruger effect? The researchers found that training made a difference. After completing a short training session on logical reasoning, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the previous test. In other words, one way to overcome the Dunning-Kruger effect may be to learn more about a topic. However, when learning more about a topic, it’s important to make sure that we avoid confirmation bias (偏差), which is “the tendency to accept evidence that confirms our beliefs and to reject evidence that contradicts them.” As Dunning explains, overcoming the Dunning-Kruger effect can sometimes be a complicated process, especially if it forces us to realize that we were previously misinformed. 28. What did Justin Kruger and David Dunning find in their studies? A. The Dunning-Kruger effect had no impact on experts. B. Most participants predicted accurately about their test scores. C. People who knew little were more likely to overestimate their competence. D. People affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect had the lowest intelligence. 29. What is the cause of the Dunning-Kruger effect? A. Overconfidence. B. Illogical reasoning. C. Lack of experience. D. Insufficient knowledge. 30. What does the underlined phrase “be susceptible to” probably mean? A. Be untrained in. B. Be doubtful about. C. Be not familiar with. D. Be easily influenced by. 31. What is emphasized by Dunning in fighting off the Dunning-Kruger effect? A. The effect is hard to overcome. B. Training is the most effective way. C. Opposing views should be taken into account. D. People are often misinformed in their interview. （二） （2025·安徽滁州市·一模） C The twelve new restaurants added to the New York Michelin Guide this month will be casting their success. Being included in the handbook is the first step towards receiving a Michelin star, the most desirable award in the cuisine industry. Yet according to a study recently published in the Strategic Management Journal, restaurants might be better off remaining starless. Daniel Sands of University College London's school of management tracked the fortunes of restaurants that opened in New York in 2000 - 2014 and won the honor of being included in the guide. He found that, of this promising group, restaurants which went on to get a Michelin star were more likely to close down in the years that followed than those which did not. The relationship remained even when factors such as location, price and type of cuisine were taken into account. All considered, 40% of restaurants awarded Michelin stars in 2005 - 2014 had closed by the end of 2019. A Michelin star boosts publicity: the study found that Google search rose by over a third for newly - starred restaurants. But that fame comes at a price. First, Mr. Sands argues, the restaurants' customers change. Being the focus of public attention raises diners' expectations and brings in tourists from farther away. Meeting guests' greater demands adds to new costs. Second, businesses the restaurants deal with, such as ingredient suppliers and landlords, use the opportunity to charge more. Food is not the only industry where awards are a mixed blessing. Several studies have shown that companies run by award - winning bosses underachieve relative both to their previous performance and to their opponents. In publishing, too, awards bring disaster. Prize - winning books are reviewed more severely than before their success, and worse than runners - up. For restaurants that are in the industry for the glory, Michelin's top award will probably remain too inviting not to pursue. But for those simply wanting to stay in business, it may be safer to not quite meet the criterion. 28. What can be learned about winning a Michelin star from paragraph 1? A. It does not necessarily benefit winners. B. It has not been fully appreciated. C. It leads to being included in the guide. D. It is a huge success worth celebrating. 29. What is true about the restaurants researched by Daniel? A. 40% of them suffered close down by the end of 2019. B. They have been in business for at least two decades. C. All of them were New York - based establishments. D. Some went out of business due to the unfavorable location. 30. What does the author intend to show by mentioning prize - winning books? A. Critics review them unfairly. B. Runners - up are better written. C. Competition in publishing is fierce. D. Fame seldom comes without a price. 31. What's the author's suggestion for restaurants? A. Pursue the top award at all costs. B. Be aware of the potential danger. C. Decide based on their own needs. D. Follow suit in the cuisine business. （三） （2025·安徽合肥市·一模） C Scientists with the BrainGate research center have developed a breakthrough brain-computer interface (BCI). The system aims to restore communication for individuals with speech disabilities caused by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which lead to the gradual loss of mobility and speech. It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine on August 14, was led by David Brandman and Sergey Stavisky, faculty members at UC Davis Health. ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, affects nerve cells controlling muscle movement. BCI technology can restore communication for those affected. In this study, Casey Harrell, a 45-year-old man with ALS, regained the ability to communicate effectively within minutes of using the system. Harrell described the experience as life-changing, saying, “My past condition was so demoralizing. Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped. Something like this technology will help people get back into life and society.” The BrainGate clinical trial, led by Dr. Leigh Hochberg from Brown University, has made major progress in interpreting brain signals to help people with paralysis (瘫痪) communicate. In July 2023, the UC Davis team implanted a BCI device into Harrell’s brain, focusing on the left precentral gyrus, a part of the brain that controls speech. The system translates brain activity into phonemes (音素) and words, enabling real-time communication. Harrell’s BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own, using software trained with existing voice samples of his voice before he developed ALS. This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way. Over 32 weeks and 248 hours of use, the system achieved remarkable results, with 99.6% acéuracy for a 50-word vocabulary in 30 minutes of training and 90.2% accuracy for a 125,000-word vocabulary after 1.4 additional training hours. “This is transformative technology,” Brandman said. “It provides hope for people who want to speak but can’t.” Dr. John Ngai, director of the NIH’s BRAIN Initiative, highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis. 8. What do we know about the BrainGate BCI? A. It is used to treat speech disabilities. B. It translates brain signals into speech. C. It helps people with ALS move and speak. D It connects brains to make computers smarter. 9. What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Discouraging. B. Demanding. C. Comforting. D. Eye-opening. 10. Why was the speech composed in Harrell’s pre-ALS voice? A. To enable his communication in real time. B. To make his speech emotionally meaningful. C. To improve the accuracy of speech translation. D. To help interpret his brain signals more easily. 11. What is Dr. John Ngai’s attitude towards the BrainGate BCI? A. Favourable. B. Unclear. C. Cautious. D. Dismissive. （四） （2025·安徽合肥市·一模） D It might surprise you to learn that dogs are playing an increasingly important role as conservationists. For centuries, they have been known as man’s best friends. Now, their unique. abilities are being made use of to help protect some of the world’s most threatened species. Quick and loyal, dogs possess many qualities that make them ideal for fieldwork, but it’s their extraordinary sense of smell that makes them invaluable for conservation work. With around 220 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体) compared to just 5 million in humans, dogs can detect scents (气味) and analyze them with astonishing accuracy, devoting 40 times more of their brain to scent analysis than we do. Thanks to this incredible ability, some dogs are now being trained to save at-risk animals by sniffing (嗅) out their droppings. At the University of Washington’s Conservation Cannes facility,20specially trained dogs have successfully tracked killer whale droppings, which only float briefly on the ocean’s surface. Analyzing these samples enables scientists to monitor the health of killer whale populations, which are under significant stress from food shortages, pollution, and boat traffic. Beyond tracking animal droppings, conservation dogs are also trained for live animal detection, further showcasing their abilities. They can locate rare species in their natural habitats. Additionally, they are now used to tackle the non-native species that threaten the survival of the local wildlife. Dogs also take on other important roles. For example, at Kenya’s Mombasa port, dogs sniff out illegal wildlife products such as rhino horns and ivory. Across Africa, they work on the frontlines against illegal hunting, serving as a powerful security force enhancer. While dogs may not be the ultimate solution to every conservation challenge. their incomparable abilities make them invaluable companions in the fight to protect our planet’s biodiversity. 12. Why are the figures mentioned in the second paragraph? A. To highlight the superiority of dogs’ sense of smell. B. To suggest the amazing accuracy of dogs’ analysis. C. To recognize the importance of conservation work. D. To show dogs’ impressive achievements in fieldwork. 13. How do dogs help protect killer whales? A. By tracking their movements. B. By detecting their droppings. C. By monitoring their populations. D. By analyzing the collected samples. 14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 4? A. Wildlife products are popular in African countries. B. Non-native species affect the survival of local wildlife. C. Dogs are used to detect and prevent illegal wildlife trade. D. Dogs can accurately locate the natural habitats of rare species. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To appeal to people to protect biodiversity. B. To report various environmental challenges. C. To introduce dogs’ roles in conservation efforts. D. To prove the conventional claim of dogs’ qualities. （五） （2025·安徽芜湖市·一模） C The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) had been billions of dollars over budget and years behind schedule before it was launched on December 25th, 2021. It was a key part of an international mission to launch this huge telescope a million miles from Earth. Scientists said the telescope would be able to detect any galaxy in the universe. The telescope is fitted with a Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) (中红外仪器), which is one of four key detectors. MIRI can look back in time to just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang (宇宙大爆炸) - thought to have happened more than 13.5 billion years ago. This ability to look back in time is based on the fact that even light has a speed limit. It bowls along at 186,000 miles per second. That means that the natural light reaching us now left the Sun more than eight minutes ago. However, the larger the distance that you observe in the universe, the more time has passed since the light you are observing set off on its journey toward you. So if you look at a star that is 30 light years away, that is what it looked like 30 years ago. The same applies to stars that are millions of light years away. The telescope is perfect for studying those worlds and distant planets that orbit other suns known as exo-planets because they exist outside our solar system. The existence of the first exo-planet was confirmed in 1995. Now we know of more than 5,000 of them. MIRI allows astronomers to look at them in greater detail, including looking through their atmospheres for signs of extra-terrestrial (外星的) life. With a 6.5-meter mirror, which is several times larger than that of the Hubble Space Telescope, the JWST is too big for any rocket. So, unlike Hubble, it must be unfolded in space. The telescope had been thoroughly tested here on Earth before it was going where no one can fix it. 28. What do we know about the James Webb Space Telescope? A. It is possible to explore galaxy with it. B. It was launched into space as planned. C. It is used to confirm the Big Bang theory. D. It travels away from Earth further and further. 29. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A. The movement of the stars. B. The purpose of the observation. C. The inner structure of the telescope. D. The working principle of the telescope. 30. What can be inferred about JWST from the last paragraph? A. It is similar to Hubble in size. B. It's perfect for studying solar system. C. It is impossible to be repaired in space. D. It confirmed the existence of the first exo-planet. 31. What can be the best title for the text? A. The JWST: Look Toward the Future B. A New Telescope: Look Back in Time C. Exo-planets: Where Aliens Are Expected D. A Delayed Mission: Why Budget Matters （六） （2025·安徽六校·春季素质检测考试） C At dusk and dawn, the sky dances with three phases of in-between light. When the sun has just set in the west, the sky changes from the vibrant blue of afternoon to a more relaxed tone, as if it’s settling down for the evening. Soon the east will darken even as the west goes through an abundance of reds, oranges and yellows. And then, at last, the black of night will reign once again. Astronomers are so familiar with twilight (黄昏) that we’ve classified its various stages. The first that occurs after sunset is called civil twilight, so named because when the sun is just below the horizon, the sky is still bright enough for people to conduct typical “daytime” outdoor activities. This is also when you’re likely to see the most colors in the sky toward the west. Those same molecules (微粒) that distribute sunlight don’t do so randomly; the angle of distributing depends on the color of the light. All the blue light from the sun is sent away in all directions, leaving only the redder colors to shine through, thus creating those breathtaking sunsets. The next phase is nautical twilight, when the sun is between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The sky maybe a deep purple, and stars begin to appear. The term “nautical twilight” came about because sailors used the stars to get their bearings, and it’s at this time of the early evening that celestial navigation (天文导航) becomes possible. After that comes astronomical twilight. This is when the sun is 12 to 18 degrees below the horizon and the sky finally appears black, with the stars truly shining. We call it astronomical twilight because it may look dark to your eye, but through a telescope, the sky is still bright enough to intervene in some observations. This last phase of twilight concludes once the sun drops below 18 degrees; the sky becomes fully dark, and it is time for astronomers to enjoy the beginning of their work night. 28. What does the underlined word “reign” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Fade away. B. Draw near. C. End up. D. Take over. 29. What causes breathtaking sunsets during the civil twilight? A. The standout of red colors. B. The absence of artificial light. C. The reflection of colorful tones. D. The distribution of all colors of light. 30. What can we learn about the three phases of twilight? A. Each twilight is characterized by the sun’s position. B. Each twilight allows for various scientific researches. C. Nautical twilight is too bright to use celestial navigation. D. Astronomical twilight is ideal for telescope observations. 31. What will the author introduce next? A. The impacts of twilight. B. The interpretations of twilight. C. The process of observing stars. D. The working conditions of astronomers. （七） （2025·江南十校·第一次联考） C It has become as much a part of our daily life as getting our to- go coffee: the screen turn. It’s the moment when you’ve ordered your coffee, and the barista (咖啡师) turns the payment screen toward you with a dialog box asking you for a tip. Tipping is on the rise across the U. S. as more and more businesses have started asking for a little extra: fast food restaurants, grocery stores, online stores, stadiums, and even self- checkout machines are now asking for a tip these days. Social media is filled with people who are confused about tipping. One woman posted a video online after being asked to tip for her Subway sandwich. “Do we tip at Subway?” she asks. Is that a thing? Tell me!" Another woman has also expressed shock over being asked to tip at a self- checkout station at an airport. “I don’t want to be the person who doesn’t tip,” she says. “But who am I tipping?” Sean Jung, a professor at Boston University, realized tipping had fundamentally changed when he was grabbing a take- out burrito (玉米馅饼) one afternoon. Jung was getting ready to pay, when the cashier turned the screen around, asking for a tip. “Suddenly, I’m looking at this screen, and I’m literally pressing a 20% tip for a burrito,” Jung recalls. “I remember thinking this is strange. You would never expect to pay a tip at a quick service restaurant.” How, exactly, did we get to the place where we’ re tipping 20% for our takeout burritos? “It goes back to the pandemic,” says Shubhranshu Singh, a professor at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School. He says during the pandemic, we started tipping more than usual as a way to support essential workers at a time of crisis. “The pandemic went away,” says Singh, “but the tips didn’t.” 28. The barista’s purpose of turning the screen is __________. A. to show some commercials B. to promote new coffee options C. to speed up the ordering process D. to require extra money 29. What caused the two women’s confusion about tipping in para.3? A. They were not used to tipping. B. They didn’t know how much to tip. C. They failed to see the point of tipping. D. They didn’t want to tip for fast food. 30. Why did the pandemic make people tip more? A. Customers had more available money. B. Customers used more remote payments. C. Customers were more grateful for the service. D. Customers expected the crisis to be over soon. 31. What would be a suitable title for the text? A. Tipping culture going out of control B. Online videos about tipping C. An academic look into tipping culture D. Reasons why we should típ more （八） （2025·江南十校·第一次联考） D Chicago’s Lyric Opera is aiming to make its performances more accessible via the SoundShirt. In October, Lyric became the first opera company to offer the shirts to audience members who are deaf or hard of hearing. The device comes from a London- based wearable tech brand called CuteCircuit. Each shirt costs about $1,900, but interested guests can reserve one for special performances at $20a ticket. Audience members who intend to use the shirts will sit in seats with a view of both the conductor and Lyric’s sign language interpreter. The SoundShirt is worn like a lightweight jacket and features 16 small motors throughout. Microphones are placed around the orchestra on stage to record specific instruments and send a live signal to start vibrations(振动) in the shoulders, forearms and upper and lower back. Rachel Arfa, commissioner of Chicago’s Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities, recently tested the SoundShirt at a production of West Side Story. “When Lyric approached me with this shirt, I was highly skeptical, ” She tells The Washington Post’s Michael Andor Brodeur. “There are often technical solutions designed by people without disabilities for people with disabilities that do not solve barriers that we have.” The technology certainly isn’t for everyone. The Chicago Sun- Times’ Stefano Esposito says wearing a SoundShirt feels like “your body has become home to an entire hive (蜂巢) of non- stinging bees.” “It’s not an unpleasant sensation,” he writes, “just odd, very odd.” But for Arfa, the shirt exceeded expectations. “At live theater, it is difficult for me to discriminate between different sounds, so I rely on access provided for equal access,” she tells The Washington Post. “I began to understand that the motors on the SoundShirt vibrated in conjunction with the orchestra sounds ... I am not able to hear this sound, but I could feel it. It was such a surprise and a thrill.” Tina Childress, an audiologist and advocate for accessibility in the arts, is excited by the variety of accessibility services now available to hard- of- hearing theatergoers. “It’s important to remember that you can use two or three of these choices at the same time,” she tells The Washington Post after testing the shirt. “With the SoundShirt, having that tactile(触觉的) feedback for what I don’t hear was instrumental in me enjoying the performance.” 32. What can we learn about the SoundShirt? A. It looks like a common T- shirt. B. It is created by Chicago’s Lyric Opera. C It is expensive for people to purchase. D. It is promoted by Rachel Arfa. 33. How does the SoundShirt work? A. By stimulating users’ brains. B. By changing sounds into touches. C. By interpreting music as visual images. D. By linking users’ bodies with instruments directly. 34. What’s Stefano’s opinion on wearing the SoundShirt? A. Useful. B. Strange. C. Innovative. D. Surprised. 35. What does the underlined word “discriminate” mean in paragraph 9? A. Feel. B. Choose. C. Distinguish. D. Transmit. （九） （2025·安徽马鞍山市·一模） C Making fabric from waste potato plants could offer a more sustainable alternative to pure cotton, as pressure grows on the fashion industry to reduce its environmental impact. Potatoes pose a headache for farmers. The tubers (块茎) are harvested and eaten, but the above-ground plant contains solanine, which is poisonous, so it can’t be used for animal feed. Farmers usually remove this matter before potatoes are harvested. Now, a UK startup company, Fibe, wants to avoid this waste by extracting (提取) fibres from potato stems (茎) to make a sustainable fabric. In April, it introduced the world’s first potato thread (线), a mixture of 75 per cent cotton and 25 per cent potato fibres. The approach began as a project by a group of design engineering students, including Gal-Shohet, at Imperial College London. Tasked with designing a sustainable business concept, the group investigated using waste plants to create a more sustainable alternative to cotton. The students chose potato plants because they are mass-produced all over the world, are rich in fibres and their leaves have no other practical use. They turned their idea into a business after graduating in 2022. Fibe primarily uses non-biological process to extract the fibres. “Once raw fibres are extracted, they are cleaned and graded to produce soft balls. The potato fibres are similar in quality to cotton,” says Gal-Shohet. However, because the land is already being used to grow potatoes, potato fibres require 99.7 per cent less water and produce 82 per cent fewer carbon emissions (排放), as well as needing no additional land, according to Fibe’s internal analysis. Muhammad Tausif at the University of Leeds, UK, who has worked with Fibe, says industry demand for sustainable fibres is growing, but the company will need to prove its potato fibres have the“length, fineness and strength” to compete with cotton. “For a fibre to be successful and to be made into a product, these are the key factors,” he says. 8. What do the underlined words “this matter” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Pure cotton. B. The poisonous tuber. C. Animal feed. D. The above-ground plant. 9. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Add some background information. C. Provide some advice for the students. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 10. What does Fibe’s internal analysis highlight about using potato fibres? A. Its standard requirements. B. Its environmental advantages. C. Its technical barriers. D. Its wide applications. 11. What does Tausif expect of Fibe? A. It should demonstrate its fibres’competitive qualities. B It should secure business partners as soon as possible. C. It should make a big difference to the fibre industry. D. It should launch appealing products into the market. （十） （2025·安徽淮北市和淮南市·一模） D There’s a name for that feeling you get after spending too long scrolling aimlessly, and Oxford University Press (OUP) has chosen it as its word for the year for 2024. “Brain rot” took the title in a vote in which more than 37, 000 people participated, as well as public commentary and analysis of OUP’s language data. In a statement released Monday, OUP, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary, defined “brain rot” as the supposed decline in a person‘s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over-consumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be shallow or unchallenging. While the use of “brain rot” rose 230% this year, it was actually first introduced more than a century ago. According to OUP, it was first used by author Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden as he criticized society’s tendency to devalue complicated ideas in favour of simple ones. All these years later, it seems brain rot is well and truly established. The term has gained attention over the past year, however, especially as worries grow about the impact of over-consuming low-quality content online. Earlier this year, a behavioral healthcare provider in the United States began offering treatment for brain rot, describing it as a condition of confusion, tiredness, lack of focus, and weakened mental ability. The healthcare company cited endless scrolling and social media addiction as examples of brain rot behavior, which could be prevented by setting limits on screen time or doing a digital cleansing. “ ‘Brain rot’ speaks to one of the perceived dangers of virtual life, and how we are using our free time, ” said Casper Grathwohl, president of Oxford Languages. “I also find it fascinating that the word ‘brain rot’ has been adopted by Gen Z and Gen Alpha. These communities have promoted the expression through social media channels, the very place said to cause ‘brain rot’, ” he added. “It demonstrates a somewhat humorous self-awareness in the younger generations about the harmful impact of the social media that they’ve received. ” 12. What does “brain rot” refer to according to Oxford University Press? A. A headache caused by too much screen time. B. Mental decline from meaningless viewing. C. Low-quality online information. D. Addiction to social media. 13. Why did Thoreau use the term “brain rot” in his writing? A. To warn people about overusing the Internet. B. To encourage readers to watch shallow content. C. To challenge society’s preference for simple ideas. D. To praise mental health advancements of his time. 14. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A. Brain rot is caused by social media and can be treated. B. Social media causes most mental health issues. C. Screen time has no impact on mental health. D. Brain rot is not a real mental condition. 15. Why does Casper Grathwohl describe the younger generation as humorous? A. Because they openly laugh at the mental state of older generations. B Because they treat low-quality online content purely as entertainment. C. Because they completely avoid discussing brain rot and see it as a joke. D. Because they admit the harm of social media with self-critical humor. （十一） （2025·安徽淮北市和淮南市·一模） C Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the “world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand. The Groningen-based company today announced a fresh cash injection of €1. 5 million to promote the development of the product, which uses an inbuilt camera system, motion sensors, and artificial intelligence to capture text written on paper. “Just write, and Nuwa Pen digitizes, ” Marc Tuinier, Nuwa's CEO, told us. All the notes are then stored on the startup’s app. They can then be organized, shared, and integrated with other apps. A particularly fascinating feature is intelligent notes, which scans and identifies rich text items such as dates, to-dos, and phone numbers from the notes. Users can then link the data with, for instance, their calendar, to-do app, or phone book. The feature is integrated with over 50 apps. Nuwa compares it to a personal assistant that puts you on top of your schedule. Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook. While many smart pens only work on screens or digital writing systems, Nuwa promises adaptability with every type of paper. The product also uses regular ink refills. “Other smart pen brands rely on special dotted paper to recognize what the user is writing, so you’ll also be stuck buying their paper, ” Tuinier said. “Nuwa Pen can be used on any paper. ” The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors. All the data is then processed directly on the device. “Capturing handwriting from these sensors in the pen itself, while a pen is constantly moving, is an extremely difficult task to get right — and we’ve done it, ” Tuinier said. By combining the trusty old ballpoint pen with the digital world, Nuwa hopes that it can solve one of those needs. The device is now available for pre-order. 8. What is the primary function of the Nuwa Pen? A. Intergrating pens with other apps. B. Organizing handwritten notes digitally. C. Combining all apps into a single platform. D. Providing a solution for personal schedules. 9. Who is the Nuwa Pen’s main target buyer? A. People who prefer typing over handwriting. B. People who show interest in smart ink refills. C. People who have an extra budget for paper purchase. D. People who appreciate traditional pen and paper writing. 10. Why does the author list a series of numbers in the last paragraph? A. To show how portable the device is. B. To explain the structure of the cameras. C. To demonstrate the device’s operating time. D. To describe the materials used in the device. 11. What is the author’s attitude towards the Nuwa Pen? A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Neutral. D. Enthusiastic. （十二） （2025·安徽马鞍山市·一模） D Pompeii’s plaster cast (石膏模型) human figures aren’t who they were assumed to be, genetic tests have revealed, highlighting the way idealised stories can be projected onto archaeological (考古的) evidence. The analysis also reveals that the demography (人口学) of Pompeii was far more complicated and diverse than previously thought. When Vesuvius erupted in AD 79 many of Pompeii’s residents were covered and died, and as their bodies were destroyed gradually by natural processes, cavities (窟窿) formed that perfectly preserved their positions in their final moments. In the 19th century, archaeologists developed a method of pouring plaster into the cavities to make life-like casts. Since then, more than 100 of these casts have been made, preserving the victims’ shapes along with any remaining bones. However, it has long been known that many of the plaster casts were arranged into different poses and sometimes placed together to add to the drama of the Pompeii story, says Valeria Amoretti at the Archaeological Park of Pompeii in Naples, Italy. To learn more about who these people were, Amoretti and her teammates examined 14 of the plaster casts and extracted DNA from bones in five of them. What they found has completely changed the established interpretations of who they were. An adult wearing a golden bracelet (手镯) with a child on the lap was long believed to be the child’s mother. The DNA analysis shows the adult is actually a male who is biologically unrelated to the child. A nearby figure, formerly interpreted as being the father, was also unrelated to the supposed mother and child. Alissa Mittnik at Harvard University says the study highlights the importance of applying science before interpreting archaeology at face value. “Ultimately, it reminds us that the most obvious, dramatic or sensational explanations do not always hold true, encouraging us to stay aware of and question our assumptions, ” she says. 12. What is stressed about the analysis in paragraph 1? A. It has solved a complicated social issue. B. It is based on well-documented stories. C. It challenges a long-held assumption. D. It needs further supporting evidence. 13. What can be learned about the plaster casts according to Amoretti? A. They have fallen victim to the wear of time. B. They were repositioned to enhance dramatic effects. C. They had mostly been made before the 19th century. D. They represented advanced workmanship at the time. 14. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the DNA analysis? A. Its findings. B. Its methods. C. Its samples. D. Its motivations. 15. How does Mittnik find the study? A. Conventional. B. Inspirational. C. Complicated. D. Prejudiced. （十三） （2025·安徽蚌埠市·一模） D Have you ever joyously stepped out to your backyard garden, freshly brewed (冲泡) coffee in hand, only to find your attentively cared-for plants dying? Was the soil too dry? Did pests find their way in? During times like these, some frustrated (沮丧的) gardeners may wish their plants would just tell them what it needs. A new Microsoft-partnered project in the UK is trying to see if that concept can be demonstrated in the real world. Next year, the Royal Horticultural Society in England will show off an “intelligent garden” that uses an AI model to monitor the garden’s environment and tell gardeners when it needs care. Visitors will be able to walk up to virtual platforms and ask the intelligence garden questions about its current environmental state. The AI language module will then interpret the data and give answers to the visitors in a coherent, conversational dialogue. The technical components of the garden are the product of a partnership between AI start-up Avande and Microsoft. The garden will rely on a network of sensors placed throughout the garden measuring environmental factors like soil condition and nutrient levels. All of that data is then sent to a specially designed AI model housed in a pavilion (亭阁) at the back of the garden. The model, powered by Microsoft’s Azure Open AI Service, can then analyze those factors and inform gardeners on proper feeding or watering. In theory, insights provided by such models could help gardeners allocate resources efficiently and avoid over-watering plants before rainfall, both of which can aid in sustainability efforts. It’s unclear, however, whether even the best models can account for abnormalities and individual plant tendencies with the same level of care as experienced gardeners. Massey and fellow designer Je Ahn wanted to avoid falling into the trap of making the AI garden feel overly artificial. Though the new technology plays a critical role in maintaining the plants, the actual physical design of the space was left up to humans. Once the exhibit concludes, the garden will reportedly live on as an accessible community space. “AI hasn’t designed the garden, AI is assisting the gardeners looking after it, ” Massey said in an interview with The Independent. 32. What can an AI model in the “intelligent garden” do? A. Interact with visitors to entertain them. B. Inform gardeners of their plants’ demand. C. Show visitors around the intelligent garden. D. Comfort gardeners when they are frustrated. 33. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The surroundings of the intelligent garden. B. The working principle of the intelligent garden. C. The advantages of the garden’s technical components. D The technical cooperation between Avande and Microsoft. 34. What is the designers’ attitude to the AI technology? A. Cautious. B. Unconcerned. C. Contradictory. D. Disapproving. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. AI brings your garden back to life again. B. AI helps plants tell you when they are thirsty. C. “Intelligent garden” beautifies the environment. D. “Intelligent garden” displaces experienced gardeners. （十四） （2025·安徽滁州市·一模） D Scientists have studied gossip defined as talking about someone not present for decades. That's not surprising given the activity's near universality in any social group, big or small. People in modern societies spend about an hour a day immersed in chin - wagging, one study reports. But investigators are now approaching this fixture of social life from a new perspective. In past decades, researchers focused primarily on the damage arising from gossiping, and they zeroed in on either the gossip spreader or the target - the person being talked about. Now, they have changed course by looking more at the benefits of gossip and the dynamics of a three - part network that involves a gossiper, a listener and a target. So what, if anything, can be good about gossip? Whenever someone confides something to you about someone you both know - whether the information is positive, negative or neutral - it brings the two of you closer, creating a social bond. According to one study, it even increases your liking for the spreader of the information. Plus, it enforces group norms. For example, complaints about a co - worker who puts smelly banana peels in the paper trash are likely to get back to them and let them know that the conduct is not acceptable. Another experiment was led by social psychologist Terence Cruz, then at Free University Amsterdam. Cruz and his team recruited 300 people in a community in the Netherlands and asked them to list 15 people with whom they had frequent contact. Four times each day for 10 days, the subjects were asked to report on any information that someone in their social network told them, or that they told someone, about a third person. The experiment showed that the gossiper passed on true information when they had no conflict of interest with the target. When they had a rivalry or other conflict with the target, however, they were likelier to pass on things that were self - serving or absolutely false. Nevertheless, one of the most surprising results of gossip, Cruz says, is that it helps people better understand the behavior of others. For example, a co - worker shows up late every day, but if they learn through gossip that the offending colleague is in the middle of a divorce or the like, they are less likely to complain. Perhaps more importantly, they sympathize with the co - worker and feel motivated to help the miserable guy. 32. What is the new perspective investigators now adopt? A. Analyze the new feature of social life. B. Focus on the benefits of chin - wagging. C. Investigate the potential risks of gossip. D. Look at either the spreader or the target. 33. What impact might gossip have according to paragraph 3? A. It fuels the popularity of the target. B. It betters the workplace environment. C. It offends the privacy of co - workers. D. It enhances the overall social bond. 34. What does Cruz's research find? A. An average person contacts 15 people frequently. B. Gossips tend to spread incorrect information. C. One can never keep their privacy from colleagues. D. Workplace relationships can benefit from gossip. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Bad Name, Not Necessarily Bad Thing B. Double - Edged Sword, Aid Plus Harm C. The Bitter Truth about Chin - Wagging D. The Unsaid Intention behind Gossip （十五） （2025·安徽芜湖市·一模） D A bitter argument arose after it was reported that the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) - southern Oregon's 80-year-old annual theatrical festival - would be authorizing playwrights (剧作家) to "translate" all of Shakespeare's plays into modern English. The project drew anger from Shakespearean professors, artists and others who believe firmly in the power of Shakespeare's original texts and are against any attempt to simplify their language. As an educator and lover of Shakespearean drama, I believe in the value of presenting Shakespeare's plays in their original language. I require my students to read Shakespeare's plays in their original form, and through my work on the World Shakespeare Project, I've witnessed undergraduates (本科生) in places such as India, Uganda and Argentina enthusiastically respond to the challenge. Yet the anger over the OSF's new modernization project is misguided. The organization - which is known for experimentation - is simply taking part in a centuries-long tradition of adapting Shakespeare's original texts. Among those criticizing the new project is Columbia University Professor James Shapiro, a well-known Shakespearean scholar who maintains that "with the language changed in this modernizing way the work just doesn't have the excitement and the quality of the original language." Earlier this month, before an audience at Shakespeare's Globe, he added, "It's a really bad idea." Noticeably, however, Shapiro, along with many others, responded quite differently to the translation of a different classic text - On Nobel Prize winner Seamus Heaney's often-praised 1999 rewriting of Beowulf, Shapiro wrote in The New York Times: "Examples like this add up to a translation that manages to achieve what before seemed impossible: a faithful translation that is meanwhile an original and fascinating poem in its own right." In this example, at least, Heaney's talent apparently overcame Shapiro's opposition to the concept. The playwrights the company has authorized to "modernize" the language of Shakespeare's works may or may not achieve the same success as Seamus Heaney's Beowulf did, but for whatever reason, changing the language of Shakespeare remains to be unacceptable, while the setting, costuming and theoretical conceptualization of his plays are fair game for innovation. 32. Why does the author mention some undergraduates? A. To clear up their misunderstanding about Shakespeare. B. To show their interest in Shakespeare's original works. C. To stress their key role in the World Shakespeare Project. D. To show their anger over the OSF's modernization project. 33. What can we say about James Shapiro? A. He always keeps his word. B. He thinks little of Beowulf. C. He remains true to his work. D. He has contradictory views. 34. What does the author say about Shakespeare's works? A. Innovations in them in some aspects are acceptable. B. The language modernization of them won't be successful. C. They have a greater influence on playwrights than Beowulf. D. Their setting and costuming are as important as the language. 35. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To report a breakthrough in Shakespeare's plays. B. To discuss a project that is linked to Shakespeare. C. To advise Shakespeare lovers to stand up in protest. D. To awaken people's interest in Shakespeare's works. （十六） （2025·安徽六校·春季素质检测考试） D More than 2,000 years after Plato died, the towering figure of classical antiquity and founder of the Academy, regarded by many as the first university in the west, can still make front-page news. Researchers this week claimed to have found the final resting place of the Greek philosopher, a plot in the garden of his Athens Academy, after scanning an ancient papyrus scroll (纸草卷轴) recovered from the library of a Herculaneum villa that was buried when Mount Vesuvius erupted in AD 79. The project belongs to a new wave of efforts that seek to read, restore and translate ancient and even lost languages with cutting-edge technologies. Equipped with modern tools, many powered by artificial intelligence, scholars are starting to read what had long been considered unreadable. “There will be scrolls that will be read with these new techniques that contribute to our knowledge of antiquity, and to our knowledge of literature in general.” said Dr Kilian Fleischer, a papyrologist who worked on The History of the Academy. But it’s no easy task when the scroll is in pieces from being unrolled and the papyrus as black as the ink written on it. Substantial portions of text are faded, indistinct or missing. Prof Graziano Ranocchia, project leader at the University of Pisa, used hyperspectral imaging (高光谱成像) to light up the scroll fragments. The images reveal letters on the scroll that are invisible to the naked eye, giving scholars crucial clues as to the final resting place of Plato. Armed with the scans, the team reconstructed 20% to 30% more of the text, with the additional words fitted into place amounting to 1,000 extra letters. Fleischer compares it to completing a crossword: sometimes it takes only a single letter to be confident of the answer. “It’s a wonderful feeling, this moment of reading something new and knowing this was information other researchers have wanted for decades or centuries,” Fleischer said. “This might be a second Renaissance.” 32. Why did the author introduce Plato’s historical position in paragraph 1? A. To illustrate the influence of Renaissance. B. To show the background of the discovery. C. To introduce the revival of the philosophy. D. To highlight the importance of the finding. 33. The expert’s words in paragraph 2 imply that ______. A. he is cautious about the new techniques B. he just focuses on solving current problems C. he is optimistic about the project’s potential D. he stresses the ancient civilization preservation 34. What can be inferred about the project? A. It focuses on locating Plato’s resting place. B. It applies technology to reading ancient texts. C. It has restored the content in the papyrus scroll. D. It has reconstructed the texts with crosswords. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Scientists Locate Herculaneum’s Villa. B. Scientists Explore Plato’s Academy Garden. C. Technology Uncovers Plato’s Secrets. D. Technology Casts Light on Plato’s Works. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 说明文阅读 （一） （2025·安徽蚌埠市·一模） C At one point or another, you’ve probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about. Psychologists have studied this topic and suggested a somewhat surprising explanation known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. In a set of studies testing this effect, researchers Justin Kruger and David Duming asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain (such as humor or logical reasoning). Then, participants were asked to guess how well they had done on the test. They found that participants had the tendency to overestimate their abilities, and this effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test. Why does it happen? In an interview, David Dunning explains that “the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task. ” In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited. Importantly someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be susceptible to the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain. This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect. Dunning explains in an article that “You may think this doesn’t apply to you. But the problem of unrecognized ignorance is one that visits us all. ” What can people do to overcome the Dunning-Kruger effect? The researchers found that training made a difference. After completing a short training session on logical reasoning, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the previous test. In other words, one way to overcome the Dunning-Kruger effect may be to learn more about a topic. However, when learning more about a topic, it’s important to make sure that we avoid confirmation bias (偏差), which is “the tendency to accept evidence that confirms our beliefs and to reject evidence that contradicts them.” As Dunning explains, overcoming the Dunning-Kruger effect can sometimes be a complicated process, especially if it forces us to realize that we were previously misinformed. 28. What did Justin Kruger and David Dunning find in their studies? A. The Dunning-Kruger effect had no impact on experts. B. Most participants predicted accurately about their test scores. C. People who knew little were more likely to overestimate their competence. D. People affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect had the lowest intelligence. 29. What is the cause of the Dunning-Kruger effect? A. Overconfidence. B. Illogical reasoning. C. Lack of experience. D. Insufficient knowledge. 30. What does the underlined phrase “be susceptible to” probably mean? A. Be untrained in. B. Be doubtful about. C. Be not familiar with. D. Be easily influenced by. 31. What is emphasized by Dunning in fighting off the Dunning-Kruger effect? A. The effect is hard to overcome. B. Training is the most effective way. C. Opposing views should be taken into account. D. People are often misinformed in their interview. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了心理学中的“邓宁-克鲁格效应”（Dunning-Kruger effect），解释了为什么人们会高估自己的能力，以及如何克服这种效应。文章通过研究结果和专家观点，探讨了这一现象的成因和解决方法。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段，Justin Kruger和David Dunning的研究发现，参与者倾向于高估自己的能力，而这种效应在测试成绩最低的参与者中最为明显（“this effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test”）。因此，研究结果表明，知识水平较低的人更有可能高估自己的能力。故选C项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段，David Dunning解释说，邓宁-克鲁格效应的成因在于，一个人要具备足够的知识和智力才能意识到自己在某项任务上的不足（“the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task”）。换句话说，这种效应的根源在于知识的不足。故选D项。 【30题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第四段，文章提到“someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be susceptible to the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain”，意思是某人在一个领域可能很有能力，但在另一个领域却可能受到邓宁-克鲁格效应的影响。结合上下文，“be susceptible to”表示“容易受到……的影响”。故选D项。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段，Dunning强调，克服邓宁-克鲁格效应有时是一个复杂的过程，尤其是当它迫使我们意识到自己之前被误导时（“overcoming the Dunning-Kruger effect can sometimes be a complicated process, especially if it forces us to realize that we were previously misinformed”）。此外，他还提到要避免确认偏误（confirmation bias），即接受支持自己观点的证据，而拒绝与之相悖的证据。因此，Dunning强调的是在克服这种效应时，要重视对立观点。故选C项。 （二） （2025·安徽滁州市·一模） C The twelve new restaurants added to the New York Michelin Guide this month will be casting their success. Being included in the handbook is the first step towards receiving a Michelin star, the most desirable award in the cuisine industry. Yet according to a study recently published in the Strategic Management Journal, restaurants might be better off remaining starless. Daniel Sands of University College London's school of management tracked the fortunes of restaurants that opened in New York in 2000 - 2014 and won the honor of being included in the guide. He found that, of this promising group, restaurants which went on to get a Michelin star were more likely to close down in the years that followed than those which did not. The relationship remained even when factors such as location, price and type of cuisine were taken into account. All considered, 40% of restaurants awarded Michelin stars in 2005 - 2014 had closed by the end of 2019. A Michelin star boosts publicity: the study found that Google search rose by over a third for newly - starred restaurants. But that fame comes at a price. First, Mr. Sands argues, the restaurants' customers change. Being the focus of public attention raises diners' expectations and brings in tourists from farther away. Meeting guests' greater demands adds to new costs. Second, businesses the restaurants deal with, such as ingredient suppliers and landlords, use the opportunity to charge more. Food is not the only industry where awards are a mixed blessing. Several studies have shown that companies run by award - winning bosses underachieve relative both to their previous performance and to their opponents. In publishing, too, awards bring disaster. Prize - winning books are reviewed more severely than before their success, and worse than runners - up. For restaurants that are in the industry for the glory, Michelin's top award will probably remain too inviting not to pursue. But for those simply wanting to stay in business, it may be safer to not quite meet the criterion. 28. What can be learned about winning a Michelin star from paragraph 1? A. It does not necessarily benefit winners. B. It has not been fully appreciated. C. It leads to being included in the guide. D. It is a huge success worth celebrating. 29. What is true about the restaurants researched by Daniel? A. 40% of them suffered close down by the end of 2019. B. They have been in business for at least two decades. C. All of them were New York - based establishments. D. Some went out of business due to the unfavorable location. 30. What does the author intend to show by mentioning prize - winning books? A. Critics review them unfairly. B. Runners - up are better written. C. Competition in publishing is fierce. D. Fame seldom comes without a price. 31. What's the author's suggestion for restaurants? A. Pursue the top award at all costs. B. Be aware of the potential danger. C. Decide based on their own needs. D. Follow suit in the cuisine business. 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，讨论了米其林星级对餐厅的影响。文章通过研究发现，获得米其林星级的餐厅虽然获得了更高的知名度，但也面临着更高的经营压力和成本，甚至可能导致餐厅关闭。文章进一步探讨了这种现象在其他行业的类似情况，并提出了对餐厅经营者的建议。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段，尽管获得米其林星级被视为美食行业的最高荣誉，但一项研究发现，获得星级的餐厅比未获得星级的餐厅更有可能在随后的几年内关闭（“restaurants might be better off remaining starless”）。这表明获得米其林星级并不一定对餐厅有利。故选A项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段，Daniel Sands研究了2000年至2014年在纽约开业并被纳入米其林指南的餐厅，发现其中40%在2005年至2014年获得米其林星级的餐厅到2019年底已经关闭（“40% of restaurants awarded Michelin stars in 2005 - 2014 had closed by the end of 2019”）。这些餐厅均为纽约的餐厅（“restaurants that opened in New York”）。因此，C项“所有这些餐厅都是纽约的餐厅”是正确的。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。文章提到，获得奖项的书籍会受到更严厉的评论，甚至不如未获奖的作品（“Prize-winning books are reviewed more severely than before their success, and worse than runners-up”）。作者通过这一例子来说明，获得声誉和奖项并不总是带来好处，而是可能伴随着负面效应。因此，D项“声誉往往伴随着代价”是正确的。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。文章最后一段提到，对于那些追求声誉的餐厅来说，米其林星级仍然具有吸引力，但对于那些只想维持经营的餐厅来说，可能更安全的选择是不完全达到获奖标准（“For those simply wanting to stay in business, it may be safer to not quite meet the criterion”）。因此，作者建议餐厅根据自身需求决定是否追求米其林星级。故选C项。 （三） （2025·安徽合肥市·一模） C Scientists with the BrainGate research center have developed a breakthrough brain-computer interface (BCI). The system aims to restore communication for individuals with speech disabilities caused by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which lead to the gradual loss of mobility and speech. It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine on August 14, was led by David Brandman and Sergey Stavisky, faculty members at UC Davis Health. ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, affects nerve cells controlling muscle movement. BCI technology can restore communication for those affected. In this study, Casey Harrell, a 45-year-old man with ALS, regained the ability to communicate effectively within minutes of using the system. Harrell described the experience as life-changing, saying, “My past condition was so demoralizing. Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped. Something like this technology will help people get back into life and society.” The BrainGate clinical trial, led by Dr. Leigh Hochberg from Brown University, has made major progress in interpreting brain signals to help people with paralysis (瘫痪) communicate. In July 2023, the UC Davis team implanted a BCI device into Harrell’s brain, focusing on the left precentral gyrus, a part of the brain that controls speech. The system translates brain activity into phonemes (音素) and words, enabling real-time communication. Harrell’s BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own, using software trained with existing voice samples of his voice before he developed ALS. This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way. Over 32 weeks and 248 hours of use, the system achieved remarkable results, with 99.6% acéuracy for a 50-word vocabulary in 30 minutes of training and 90.2% accuracy for a 125,000-word vocabulary after 1.4 additional training hours. “This is transformative technology,” Brandman said. “It provides hope for people who want to speak but can’t.” Dr. John Ngai, director of the NIH’s BRAIN Initiative, highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis. 8. What do we know about the BrainGate BCI? A. It is used to treat speech disabilities. B. It translates brain signals into speech. C. It helps people with ALS move and speak. D It connects brains to make computers smarter. 9. What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Discouraging. B. Demanding. C. Comforting. D. Eye-opening. 10. Why was the speech composed in Harrell’s pre-ALS voice? A. To enable his communication in real time. B. To make his speech emotionally meaningful. C. To improve the accuracy of speech translation. D. To help interpret his brain signals more easily. 11. What is Dr. John Ngai’s attitude towards the BrainGate BCI? A. Favourable. B. Unclear. C. Cautious. D. Dismissive. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BrainGate研究中心的科学家们开发的一种突破性的脑机接口（BCI）系统，旨在帮助因渐冻症（ALS）等疾病导致言语障碍的人恢复交流能力。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The system aims to restore communication for individuals with speech disabilities caused by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which lead to the gradual loss of mobility and speech. It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer.(该系统旨在为因肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）等疾病导致行动能力和言语能力逐渐丧失的患者恢复交流能力。它利用植入的传感器来解读用户尝试说话时的大脑信号，并将这些信号转换成文本，最后由计算机朗读出来)”可知，BrainGate BCI系统的主要功能是将大脑信号转化为语音，帮助那些因疾病失去言语能力的人恢复交流能力。故选B。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped.(无法交流就像被困住了一样)”可知，哈雷尔过去因为无法交流而感到非常沮丧和受挫，由此可知，“demoralizing”意思是“使沮丧的、使失去信心的”，与A项：Discouraging意思相近。故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Harrell’s BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own, using software trained with existing voice samples of his voice before he developed ALS. This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way.(哈雷尔的脑机接口使用在他患上ALS之前的语音样本训练的软件，生成了与他自己的声音相似的语音。这使他能够以非常个人化的方式与亲人交流)”可知，用哈雷尔患ALS前的声音来组成语音是为了使他能够以非常个人化的、富有情感意义的方式与亲人交流。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. John Ngai, director of the NIH’s BRAIN Initiative, highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis.(美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）脑研究计划（BRAIN Initiative）主任约翰•奈博士强调，这一里程碑是恢复瘫痪患者交流能力的重要一步)”可知，Dr. John Ngai认为BrainGate BCI是恢复瘫痪患者交流能力的重要一步，这表明他对BrainGate BCI持支持态度。故选A。 （四） （2025·安徽合肥市·一模） D It might surprise you to learn that dogs are playing an increasingly important role as conservationists. For centuries, they have been known as man’s best friends. Now, their unique. abilities are being made use of to help protect some of the world’s most threatened species. Quick and loyal, dogs possess many qualities that make them ideal for fieldwork, but it’s their extraordinary sense of smell that makes them invaluable for conservation work. With around 220 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体) compared to just 5 million in humans, dogs can detect scents (气味) and analyze them with astonishing accuracy, devoting 40 times more of their brain to scent analysis than we do. Thanks to this incredible ability, some dogs are now being trained to save at-risk animals by sniffing (嗅) out their droppings. At the University of Washington’s Conservation Cannes facility,20specially trained dogs have successfully tracked killer whale droppings, which only float briefly on the ocean’s surface. Analyzing these samples enables scientists to monitor the health of killer whale populations, which are under significant stress from food shortages, pollution, and boat traffic. Beyond tracking animal droppings, conservation dogs are also trained for live animal detection, further showcasing their abilities. They can locate rare species in their natural habitats. Additionally, they are now used to tackle the non-native species that threaten the survival of the local wildlife. Dogs also take on other important roles. For example, at Kenya’s Mombasa port, dogs sniff out illegal wildlife products such as rhino horns and ivory. Across Africa, they work on the frontlines against illegal hunting, serving as a powerful security force enhancer. While dogs may not be the ultimate solution to every conservation challenge. their incomparable abilities make them invaluable companions in the fight to protect our planet’s biodiversity. 12. Why are the figures mentioned in the second paragraph? A. To highlight the superiority of dogs’ sense of smell. B. To suggest the amazing accuracy of dogs’ analysis. C. To recognize the importance of conservation work. D. To show dogs’ impressive achievements in fieldwork. 13. How do dogs help protect killer whales? A. By tracking their movements. B. By detecting their droppings. C. By monitoring their populations. D. By analyzing the collected samples. 14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 4? A. Wildlife products are popular in African countries. B. Non-native species affect the survival of local wildlife. C. Dogs are used to detect and prevent illegal wildlife trade. D. Dogs can accurately locate the natural habitats of rare species. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To appeal to people to protect biodiversity. B. To report various environmental challenges. C. To introduce dogs’ roles in conservation efforts. D. To prove the conventional claim of dogs’ qualities. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是狗凭借其卓越的嗅觉能力，在保护濒危物种、打击非法野生动物交易等方面发挥重要作用，成为生态保护中的宝贵助手。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“With around 220 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体) compared to just 5 million in humans, dogs can detect scents (气味) and analyze them with astonishing accuracy, devoting 40 times more of their brain to scent analysis than we do.(狗拥有大约2.2亿个嗅觉受体，而人类仅有500万个，狗能以惊人的准确性检测和分析气味，它们用于气味分析的大脑部分比人类多出40倍。)”可知，本段使用了具体的数字来比较狗和人类的嗅觉受体数量以及大脑用于分析气味的比例，以此突出狗的嗅觉能力远超人类。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the University of Washington’s Conservation Canines facility, 20 specially trained dogs have successfully tracked killer whale droppings, which only float briefly on the ocean’s surface. Analyzing these samples enables scientists to monitor the health of killer whale populations, which are under significant stress from food shortages, pollution, and boat traffic. (在华盛顿大学的保护犬设施，20只特别训练的狗已经成功追踪到了虎鲸的粪便，这些粪便仅在海面上短暂漂浮。分析这些样本使科学家能够监测虎鲸种群的健康状况，这些种群正因食物短缺、污染和船只交通而承受着巨大的压力。)”可知，经过特别训练的狗可以追踪到虎鲸的粪便，进而科学家分析这些粪便样本监测虎鲸种群的健康状况，由此可知，通过嗅探虎鲸的粪便帮助保护虎鲸。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Dogs also take on other important roles. For example, at Kenya’s Mombasa port, dogs sniff out illegal wildlife products such as rhino horns and ivory. Across Africa, they work on the frontlines against illegal hunting, serving as a powerful security force enhancer.(狗还承担着其他重要角色。例如，在肯尼亚的蒙巴萨港，狗嗅探出非法的野生动物产品，如犀牛角和象牙。在整个非洲，它们在打击非法狩猎的第一线工作，充当强大的安保力量增强者。)”可知，狗还承担其他重要的角色，进而在下文中列举了狗嗅探出非法的野生动物产品，由此可知，本段举例说明狗在打击非法野生动物交易方面的作用。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段中的“It might surprise you to learn that dogs are playing an increasingly important role as conservationists.(你可能会惊讶地发现，狗作为保护者正发挥着越来越重要的作用。)”以及尾段“While dogs may not be the ultimate solution to every conservation challenge. their incomparable abilities make them invaluable companions in the fight to protect our planet’s biodiversity.(虽然狗可能不是解决每个保护挑战的最终方案，但它们无与伦比的能力使它们成为保护地球生物多样性斗争中不可或缺的伙伴。)”以及作者描述的狗在保护工作中扮演的不同角色，包括追踪动物排泄物、现场活体探测、定位稀有物种、应对威胁本地野生动物生存的非本土物种、以及打击非法狩猎等，由此可知，文章旨在向读者介绍狗在保护生物多样性方面所发挥的重要作用。故选C项。 （五） （2025·安徽芜湖市·一模） C The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) had been billions of dollars over budget and years behind schedule before it was launched on December 25th, 2021. It was a key part of an international mission to launch this huge telescope a million miles from Earth. Scientists said the telescope would be able to detect any galaxy in the universe. The telescope is fitted with a Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) (中红外仪器), which is one of four key detectors. MIRI can look back in time to just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang (宇宙大爆炸) - thought to have happened more than 13.5 billion years ago. This ability to look back in time is based on the fact that even light has a speed limit. It bowls along at 186,000 miles per second. That means that the natural light reaching us now left the Sun more than eight minutes ago. However, the larger the distance that you observe in the universe, the more time has passed since the light you are observing set off on its journey toward you. So if you look at a star that is 30 light years away, that is what it looked like 30 years ago. The same applies to stars that are millions of light years away. The telescope is perfect for studying those worlds and distant planets that orbit other suns known as exo-planets because they exist outside our solar system. The existence of the first exo-planet was confirmed in 1995. Now we know of more than 5,000 of them. MIRI allows astronomers to look at them in greater detail, including looking through their atmospheres for signs of extra-terrestrial (外星的) life. With a 6.5-meter mirror, which is several times larger than that of the Hubble Space Telescope, the JWST is too big for any rocket. So, unlike Hubble, it must be unfolded in space. The telescope had been thoroughly tested here on Earth before it was going where no one can fix it. 28. What do we know about the James Webb Space Telescope? A. It is possible to explore galaxy with it. B. It was launched into space as planned. C. It is used to confirm the Big Bang theory. D. It travels away from Earth further and further. 29. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A. The movement of the stars. B. The purpose of the observation. C. The inner structure of the telescope. D. The working principle of the telescope. 30. What can be inferred about JWST from the last paragraph? A. It is similar to Hubble in size. B. It's perfect for studying solar system. C. It is impossible to be repaired in space. D. It confirmed the existence of the first exo-planet. 31. What can be the best title for the text? A. The JWST: Look Toward the Future B. A New Telescope: Look Back in Time C. Exo-planets: Where Aliens Are Expected D. A Delayed Mission: Why Budget Matters 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）的功能和特点。文章解释了其如何通过中红外仪器（MIRI）回溯时间，观察宇宙早期的星系和外行星，并探讨了其在研究外星生命方面的潜力。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段，科学家表示该望远镜能够探测宇宙中的任何星系（“Scientists said the telescope would be able to detect any galaxy in the universe.”）。因此，A项“有可能用它来探索星系”是正确的。 【29题详解】 段落大意题。第三段主要解释了望远镜如何通过光速的原理回溯时间，观察遥远星系和恒星的过去（“This ability to look back in time is based on the fact that even light has a speed limit...”）。因此，该段落主要介绍了望远镜的工作原理，D项“望远镜的工作原理”是正确的。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段，JWST的尺寸太大，无法直接发射，必须在太空中展开，并且在发射前已经在地球上进行了彻底测试，因为一旦发射后无法修复（“The telescope had been thoroughly tested here on Earth before it was going where no one can fix it.”）。因此，可以推断出C项“它在太空中无法被修复”是正确的。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了JWST如何通过其强大的功能回溯时间，观察宇宙早期的星系和外行星，甚至寻找外星生命的迹象。B项“A New Telescope: Look Back in Time（一台新望远镜：回溯时间）”准确概括了文章的核心内容，是最适合的标题。 （六） （2025·安徽六校·春季素质检测考试） C At dusk and dawn, the sky dances with three phases of in-between light. When the sun has just set in the west, the sky changes from the vibrant blue of afternoon to a more relaxed tone, as if it’s settling down for the evening. Soon the east will darken even as the west goes through an abundance of reds, oranges and yellows. And then, at last, the black of night will reign once again. Astronomers are so familiar with twilight (黄昏) that we’ve classified its various stages. The first that occurs after sunset is called civil twilight, so named because when the sun is just below the horizon, the sky is still bright enough for people to conduct typical “daytime” outdoor activities. This is also when you’re likely to see the most colors in the sky toward the west. Those same molecules (微粒) that distribute sunlight don’t do so randomly; the angle of distributing depends on the color of the light. All the blue light from the sun is sent away in all directions, leaving only the redder colors to shine through, thus creating those breathtaking sunsets. The next phase is nautical twilight, when the sun is between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The sky maybe a deep purple, and stars begin to appear. The term “nautical twilight” came about because sailors used the stars to get their bearings, and it’s at this time of the early evening that celestial navigation (天文导航) becomes possible. After that comes astronomical twilight. This is when the sun is 12 to 18 degrees below the horizon and the sky finally appears black, with the stars truly shining. We call it astronomical twilight because it may look dark to your eye, but through a telescope, the sky is still bright enough to intervene in some observations. This last phase of twilight concludes once the sun drops below 18 degrees; the sky becomes fully dark, and it is time for astronomers to enjoy the beginning of their work night. 28. What does the underlined word “reign” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Fade away. B. Draw near. C. End up. D. Take over. 29. What causes breathtaking sunsets during the civil twilight? A. The standout of red colors. B. The absence of artificial light. C. The reflection of colorful tones. D. The distribution of all colors of light. 30. What can we learn about the three phases of twilight? A. Each twilight is characterized by the sun’s position. B. Each twilight allows for various scientific researches. C. Nautical twilight is too bright to use celestial navigation. D. Astronomical twilight is ideal for telescope observations. 31. What will the author introduce next? A. The impacts of twilight. B. The interpretations of twilight. C. The process of observing stars. D. The working conditions of astronomers. 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了黄昏（twilight）的三个阶段：民用黄昏、航海黄昏和天文黄昏。文章详细解释了每个阶段的特点、太阳的位置以及与之相关的自然现象和科学应用。 【28题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段，文中提到“the black of night will reign once again”，描述的是夜幕降临，黑暗接管天空的情景。因此，“reign”在这里的意思是“接管”或“占据主导地位”。故选D项“Take over”。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段，民用黄昏期间，天空中最美的颜色出现在西方，因为太阳光中的蓝光被散射到各个方向，只剩下红色的光能够穿透，从而形成了令人惊叹的日落（“All the blue light from the sun is sent away in all directions, leaving only the redder colors to shine through, thus creating those breathtaking sunsets.”）。因此，A项“红色光的突出”是正确的。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章对三个黄昏阶段的描述： • 民用黄昏（civil twilight）：太阳刚好在地平线以下，天空仍然明亮，适合进行日常户外活动。 • 航海黄昏（nautical twilight）：太阳在地平线下6到12度，天空呈现深紫色，星星开始出现，适合天文导航。 • 天文黄昏（astronomical twilight）：太阳在地平线下12到18度，天空看起来变黑，但通过望远镜观察时，天空仍然足够亮，会干扰一些观测。 每个阶段的特点都与太阳的位置有关。因此，A项“每个黄昏阶段都以太阳的位置为特征”是正确的。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。文章最后一段提到，当太阳降至18度以下时，天空完全变暗，天文学家的工作夜开始了（“the sky becomes fully dark, and it is time for astronomers to enjoy the beginning of their work night”）。因此，接下来作者可能会介绍天文学家的工作条件或他们在夜间的工作内容。故选D项“天文学家的工作条件”。 （七） （2025·江南十校·第一次联考） C It has become as much a part of our daily life as getting our to- go coffee: the screen turn. It’s the moment when you’ve ordered your coffee, and the barista (咖啡师) turns the payment screen toward you with a dialog box asking you for a tip. Tipping is on the rise across the U. S. as more and more businesses have started asking for a little extra: fast food restaurants, grocery stores, online stores, stadiums, and even self- checkout machines are now asking for a tip these days. Social media is filled with people who are confused about tipping. One woman posted a video online after being asked to tip for her Subway sandwich. “Do we tip at Subway?” she asks. Is that a thing? Tell me!" Another woman has also expressed shock over being asked to tip at a self- checkout station at an airport. “I don’t want to be the person who doesn’t tip,” she says. “But who am I tipping?” Sean Jung, a professor at Boston University, realized tipping had fundamentally changed when he was grabbing a take- out burrito (玉米馅饼) one afternoon. Jung was getting ready to pay, when the cashier turned the screen around, asking for a tip. “Suddenly, I’m looking at this screen, and I’m literally pressing a 20% tip for a burrito,” Jung recalls. “I remember thinking this is strange. You would never expect to pay a tip at a quick service restaurant.” How, exactly, did we get to the place where we’ re tipping 20% for our takeout burritos? “It goes back to the pandemic,” says Shubhranshu Singh, a professor at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School. He says during the pandemic, we started tipping more than usual as a way to support essential workers at a time of crisis. “The pandemic went away,” says Singh, “but the tips didn’t.” 28. The barista’s purpose of turning the screen is __________. A. to show some commercials B. to promote new coffee options C. to speed up the ordering process D. to require extra money 29. What caused the two women’s confusion about tipping in para.3? A. They were not used to tipping. B. They didn’t know how much to tip. C. They failed to see the point of tipping. D. They didn’t want to tip for fast food. 30. Why did the pandemic make people tip more? A. Customers had more available money. B. Customers used more remote payments. C. Customers were more grateful for the service. D. Customers expected the crisis to be over soon. 31. What would be a suitable title for the text? A. Tipping culture going out of control B. Online videos about tipping C. An academic look into tipping culture D. Reasons why we should típ more 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C 31. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，探讨了美国小费文化的变化及其背后的原因。文章指出，随着越来越多的行业开始要求小费，消费者对何时、何处以及是否应该支付小费感到困惑。文章还分析了疫情期间小费文化的变化及其对现代社会的影响。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段，咖啡师将支付屏幕转向顾客，要求顾客支付小费（“the barista turns the payment screen toward you with a dialog box asking you for a tip”）。因此，D项“要求额外的钱”是正确的。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段，两位女性对在快餐店或自助结账机上支付小费感到困惑，因为她们不习惯在这些场合支付小费（“Do we tip at Subway?” 和 “But who am I tipping?”）。因此，A项“她们不习惯支付小费”是正确的。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段，疫情期间，人们支付更多小费是为了支持在危机时刻工作的必要劳动者（“we started tipping more than usual as a way to support essential workers at a time of crisis”）。因此，C项“顾客对服务更感激”是正确的。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要探讨了小费文化的现状及其变化，指出小费文化已经“失控”，甚至在快餐店和自助结账机上也要求支付小费。A项“失控的小费文化”准确概括了文章的核心内容，是最适合的标题。 （八） （2025·江南十校·第一次联考） D Chicago’s Lyric Opera is aiming to make its performances more accessible via the SoundShirt. In October, Lyric became the first opera company to offer the shirts to audience members who are deaf or hard of hearing. The device comes from a London- based wearable tech brand called CuteCircuit. Each shirt costs about $1,900, but interested guests can reserve one for special performances at $20a ticket. Audience members who intend to use the shirts will sit in seats with a view of both the conductor and Lyric’s sign language interpreter. The SoundShirt is worn like a lightweight jacket and features 16 small motors throughout. Microphones are placed around the orchestra on stage to record specific instruments and send a live signal to start vibrations(振动) in the shoulders, forearms and upper and lower back. Rachel Arfa, commissioner of Chicago’s Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities, recently tested the SoundShirt at a production of West Side Story. “When Lyric approached me with this shirt, I was highly skeptical, ” She tells The Washington Post’s Michael Andor Brodeur. “There are often technical solutions designed by people without disabilities for people with disabilities that do not solve barriers that we have.” The technology certainly isn’t for everyone. The Chicago Sun- Times’ Stefano Esposito says wearing a SoundShirt feels like “your body has become home to an entire hive (蜂巢) of non- stinging bees.” “It’s not an unpleasant sensation,” he writes, “just odd, very odd.” But for Arfa, the shirt exceeded expectations. “At live theater, it is difficult for me to discriminate between different sounds, so I rely on access provided for equal access,” she tells The Washington Post. “I began to understand that the motors on the SoundShirt vibrated in conjunction with the orchestra sounds ... I am not able to hear this sound, but I could feel it. It was such a surprise and a thrill.” Tina Childress, an audiologist and advocate for accessibility in the arts, is excited by the variety of accessibility services now available to hard- of- hearing theatergoers. “It’s important to remember that you can use two or three of these choices at the same time,” she tells The Washington Post after testing the shirt. “With the SoundShirt, having that tactile(触觉的) feedback for what I don’t hear was instrumental in me enjoying the performance.” 32. What can we learn about the SoundShirt? A. It looks like a common T- shirt. B. It is created by Chicago’s Lyric Opera. C It is expensive for people to purchase. D. It is promoted by Rachel Arfa. 33. How does the SoundShirt work? A. By stimulating users’ brains. B. By changing sounds into touches. C. By interpreting music as visual images. D. By linking users’ bodies with instruments directly. 34. What’s Stefano’s opinion on wearing the SoundShirt? A. Useful. B. Strange. C. Innovative. D. Surprised. 35. What does the underlined word “discriminate” mean in paragraph 9? A. Feel. B. Choose. C. Distinguish. D. Transmit. 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. B 35. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了芝加哥抒情歌剧院（Lyric Opera）如何通过一种名为SoundShirt的高科技设备，为听障观众提供更丰富的歌剧体验。文章详细介绍了SoundShirt的工作原理、用户反馈以及其在艺术无障碍领域的应用。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章内容，SoundShirt由伦敦的可穿戴技术品牌CuteCircuit开发，每件售价约1900美元（“Each shirt costs about $1,900”）。这表明SoundShirt价格昂贵。因此，C项“它对人们来说很贵”是正确的。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章描述，SoundShirt通过在衬衫上安装的16个小电机，将音乐中的声音信号转换为振动，传递到佩戴者的肩膀、前臂、上背部和下背部（“Microphones are placed around the orchestra... send a live signal to start vibrations”）。这种技术将声音转化为触觉，帮助听障人士感受音乐。因此，B项“通过将声音转化为触觉”是正确的。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章内容，Stefano Esposito描述穿着SoundShirt的感觉像是“你的身体成了一个非蜇人的蜂巢的家园”，并补充说“这种感觉并不令人不快，只是非常奇怪”（“It’s not an unpleasant sensation,” he writes, “just odd, very odd.”）。因此，B项“奇怪的”是正确的。 【35题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上下文，Rachel Arfa提到在歌剧院中，她很难区分不同的声音，因此需要辅助设备来提供平等的体验（“At live theater, it is difficult for me to discriminate between different sounds”）。这里的“discriminate”意为“区分”或“辨别”。因此，C项“Distinguish（区分）”是正确的。 （九） （2025·安徽马鞍山市·一模） C Making fabric from waste potato plants could offer a more sustainable alternative to pure cotton, as pressure grows on the fashion industry to reduce its environmental impact. Potatoes pose a headache for farmers. The tubers (块茎) are harvested and eaten, but the above-ground plant contains solanine, which is poisonous, so it can’t be used for animal feed. Farmers usually remove this matter before potatoes are harvested. Now, a UK startup company, Fibe, wants to avoid this waste by extracting (提取) fibres from potato stems (茎) to make a sustainable fabric. In April, it introduced the world’s first potato thread (线), a mixture of 75 per cent cotton and 25 per cent potato fibres. The approach began as a project by a group of design engineering students, including Gal-Shohet, at Imperial College London. Tasked with designing a sustainable business concept, the group investigated using waste plants to create a more sustainable alternative to cotton. The students chose potato plants because they are mass-produced all over the world, are rich in fibres and their leaves have no other practical use. They turned their idea into a business after graduating in 2022. Fibe primarily uses non-biological process to extract the fibres. “Once raw fibres are extracted, they are cleaned and graded to produce soft balls. The potato fibres are similar in quality to cotton,” says Gal-Shohet. However, because the land is already being used to grow potatoes, potato fibres require 99.7 per cent less water and produce 82 per cent fewer carbon emissions (排放), as well as needing no additional land, according to Fibe’s internal analysis. Muhammad Tausif at the University of Leeds, UK, who has worked with Fibe, says industry demand for sustainable fibres is growing, but the company will need to prove its potato fibres have the“length, fineness and strength” to compete with cotton. “For a fibre to be successful and to be made into a product, these are the key factors,” he says. 8. What do the underlined words “this matter” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Pure cotton. B. The poisonous tuber. C. Animal feed. D. The above-ground plant. 9. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Add some background information. C. Provide some advice for the students. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 10. What does Fibe’s internal analysis highlight about using potato fibres? A. Its standard requirements. B. Its environmental advantages. C. Its technical barriers. D. Its wide applications. 11. What does Tausif expect of Fibe? A. It should demonstrate its fibres’competitive qualities. B It should secure business partners as soon as possible. C. It should make a big difference to the fibre industry. D. It should launch appealing products into the market. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是篇说明文。文章介绍了一家英国初创公司Fibe试图通过从土豆茎中提取纤维来制造可持续面料以减少时尚行业的环境影响。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“The tubers (块茎) are harvested and eaten, but the above-ground plant contains solanine, which is poisonous, so it can’t be used for animal feed. Farmers usually remove this matter before potatoes are harvested.(块茎被收获并食用，但地上部分的植物含有毒性生物碱，所以不能用作动物饲料。农民通常在土豆收获之前去除这些物质)”可知，农民通常在土豆收获之前去除地上部分的植物。所以“this matter”指的是“地上的植物”。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The approach began as a project by a group of design engineering students, including Gal-Shohet, at Imperial College London. Tasked with designing a sustainable business concept, the group investigated using waste plants to create a more sustainable alternative to cotton. The students chose potato plants because they are mass-produced all over the world, are rich in fibres and their leaves have no other practical use. They turned their idea into a business after graduating in 2022.(这种方法最初是伦敦帝国理工学院的一群设计工程专业学生（包括Gal-Shohet）的一个项目。该小组的任务是设计一个可持续的商业概念，他们研究了利用废物处理厂来创造一种更可持续的棉花替代品。学生们之所以选择马铃薯植物，是因为它们在世界各地大量生产，富含纤维，而且它们的叶子没有其他实际用途。他们在2022年毕业后把自己的想法变成了生意。)”可推知，作者在第四段是为了增加一些背景信息。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“However, because the land is already being used to grow potatoes, potato fibres require 99.7 per cent less water and produce 82 per cent fewer carbon emissions (然而，因为土地已经用于种植土豆，所以土豆纤维需要的水比正常种植使用少99.7%，且产生的碳排放量减少了82%)”可知，分析结果突出了使用土豆纤维的环境优势。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Muhammad Tausif at the University of Leeds, UK, who has worked with Fibe, says industry demand for sustainable fibres is growing, but the company will need to prove its potato fibres have the“length, fineness and strength” to compete with cotton. (英国利兹大学（University of Leeds）的穆罕默德•陶西夫（Muhammad Tausif）曾与纤维公司合作，他表示，行业对可持续纤维的需求正在增长，但该公司需要证明其马铃薯纤维具有“长度、细度和强度”，可以与棉花竞争)”可知，Tausif期望Fibe能够展示其纤维的竞争质量。故选A。 （十） （2025·安徽淮北市和淮南市·一模） D There’s a name for that feeling you get after spending too long scrolling aimlessly, and Oxford University Press (OUP) has chosen it as its word for the year for 2024. “Brain rot” took the title in a vote in which more than 37, 000 people participated, as well as public commentary and analysis of OUP’s language data. In a statement released Monday, OUP, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary, defined “brain rot” as the supposed decline in a person‘s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over-consumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be shallow or unchallenging. While the use of “brain rot” rose 230% this year, it was actually first introduced more than a century ago. According to OUP, it was first used by author Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden as he criticized society’s tendency to devalue complicated ideas in favour of simple ones. All these years later, it seems brain rot is well and truly established. The term has gained attention over the past year, however, especially as worries grow about the impact of over-consuming low-quality content online. Earlier this year, a behavioral healthcare provider in the United States began offering treatment for brain rot, describing it as a condition of confusion, tiredness, lack of focus, and weakened mental ability. The healthcare company cited endless scrolling and social media addiction as examples of brain rot behavior, which could be prevented by setting limits on screen time or doing a digital cleansing. “ ‘Brain rot’ speaks to one of the perceived dangers of virtual life, and how we are using our free time, ” said Casper Grathwohl, president of Oxford Languages. “I also find it fascinating that the word ‘brain rot’ has been adopted by Gen Z and Gen Alpha. These communities have promoted the expression through social media channels, the very place said to cause ‘brain rot’, ” he added. “It demonstrates a somewhat humorous self-awareness in the younger generations about the harmful impact of the social media that they’ve received. ” 12. What does “brain rot” refer to according to Oxford University Press? A. A headache caused by too much screen time. B. Mental decline from meaningless viewing. C. Low-quality online information. D. Addiction to social media. 13. Why did Thoreau use the term “brain rot” in his writing? A. To warn people about overusing the Internet. B. To encourage readers to watch shallow content. C. To challenge society’s preference for simple ideas. D. To praise mental health advancements of his time. 14. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A. Brain rot is caused by social media and can be treated. B. Social media causes most mental health issues. C. Screen time has no impact on mental health. D. Brain rot is not a real mental condition. 15. Why does Casper Grathwohl describe the younger generation as humorous? A. Because they openly laugh at the mental state of older generations. B Because they treat low-quality online content purely as entertainment. C. Because they completely avoid discussing brain rot and see it as a joke. D. Because they admit the harm of social media with self-critical humor. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。牛津大学出版社将“脑腐”选为2024年年度词汇。文章介绍了脑腐产生的原因和治疗方式等。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“In a statement released Monday, OUP, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary, defined “brain rot” as the supposed decline in a person's mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over-consumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be shallow or unchallenging.(在周一发布的一份声明中，出版《牛津英语词典》的OUP将“脑腐”定义为一个人精神或智力状态的衰退，尤其是被认为是过度消费被认为肤浅或缺乏挑战性的材料（现在尤其是在线内容）的结果。)”可知，根据牛津大学出版社的说法，“脑腐”指的是无意义的观看导致的智力衰退。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“According to OUP, it was first used by author Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden as he criticized society's tendency to devalue complicated ideas in favour of simple ones.(根据OUP的说法，作家亨利·大卫·梭罗在他的著作《瓦尔登湖》中首次使用了这个词，他批评了社会倾向于贬低复杂的想法，而倾向于简单的想法。)”可知，梭罗在他的作品中使用“脑腐”这个词是为了挑战社会对简单思想的偏好。故选C项。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容“Earlier this year, a behavioral healthcare provider in the United States began offering treatment for brain rot, describing it as a condition of confusion, tiredness, lack of focus, and weakened mental ability. The healthcare company cited endless scrolling and social media addiction as examples of brain rot behavior, which could be prevented by setting limits on screen time or doing a digital cleansing.(今年早些时候，美国一家行为保健机构开始为脑腐提供治疗，将其描述为一种混乱、疲劳、注意力不集中和心智能力减弱的状态。这家医疗保健公司将无休止的滚动和社交媒体成瘾作为大脑腐行为的例子，可以通过限制屏幕时间或进行数字净化来预防。)”可知，该段主要是说脑腐是由社交媒体引起的，是可以治疗的。故选A项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子““I also find it fascinating that the word ‘brain rot’ has been adopted by Gen Z and Gen Alpha. These communities have promoted the expression through social media channels, the very place said to cause ‘brain rot’, ” he added. “It demonstrates a somewhat humorous self-awareness in the younger generations about the harmful impact of the social media that they've received. ”(“我还发现，‘脑腐’这个词被Z世代和Alpha世代所采用，这也很有趣。这些社区通过社交媒体渠道推广这种表达方式，而社交媒体渠道恰恰被认为会导致‘脑腐’。”他补充道。“这表明年轻一代对社交媒体的有害影响有一种有点幽默的自我意识。”)”可知，卡斯珀·格拉斯沃将年轻一代描述为幽默是因为他们以自我批判的幽默承认社交媒体的危害。故选D项。 （十一） （2025·安徽淮北市和淮南市·一模） C Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the “world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand. The Groningen-based company today announced a fresh cash injection of €1. 5 million to promote the development of the product, which uses an inbuilt camera system, motion sensors, and artificial intelligence to capture text written on paper. “Just write, and Nuwa Pen digitizes, ” Marc Tuinier, Nuwa's CEO, told us. All the notes are then stored on the startup’s app. They can then be organized, shared, and integrated with other apps. A particularly fascinating feature is intelligent notes, which scans and identifies rich text items such as dates, to-dos, and phone numbers from the notes. Users can then link the data with, for instance, their calendar, to-do app, or phone book. The feature is integrated with over 50 apps. Nuwa compares it to a personal assistant that puts you on top of your schedule. Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook. While many smart pens only work on screens or digital writing systems, Nuwa promises adaptability with every type of paper. The product also uses regular ink refills. “Other smart pen brands rely on special dotted paper to recognize what the user is writing, so you’ll also be stuck buying their paper, ” Tuinier said. “Nuwa Pen can be used on any paper. ” The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors. All the data is then processed directly on the device. “Capturing handwriting from these sensors in the pen itself, while a pen is constantly moving, is an extremely difficult task to get right — and we’ve done it, ” Tuinier said. By combining the trusty old ballpoint pen with the digital world, Nuwa hopes that it can solve one of those needs. The device is now available for pre-order. 8. What is the primary function of the Nuwa Pen? A. Intergrating pens with other apps. B. Organizing handwritten notes digitally. C. Combining all apps into a single platform. D. Providing a solution for personal schedules. 9. Who is the Nuwa Pen’s main target buyer? A. People who prefer typing over handwriting. B. People who show interest in smart ink refills. C. People who have an extra budget for paper purchase. D. People who appreciate traditional pen and paper writing. 10. Why does the author list a series of numbers in the last paragraph? A. To show how portable the device is. B. To explain the structure of the cameras. C. To demonstrate the device’s operating time. D. To describe the materials used in the device. 11. What is the author’s attitude towards the Nuwa Pen? A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Neutral. D. Enthusiastic. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。荷兰初创公司Nuwa发明了“世界上最先进的笔”，它可以将手写的笔记数字化。文章介绍了这种笔的工作原理和优点等。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the “world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand.(荷兰初创公司Nuwa声称已经发明了“世界上最先进的笔”，可以将手写的笔记数字化。)”可知，Nuwa笔的主要功能是数字化整理手写笔记。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook.(Nuwa的目标客户是那些仍然喜欢用笔和笔记本写字的人。)”可知，Nuwa Pen的主要目标客户是喜欢用传统的纸和笔书写的人。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors.( Nuwa系统是围绕微小设计而构建的。这款设备的重量只有28克，大约相当于一节AA电池的重量，但它提供的电量足以连续书写两小时。三个微型相机用2个mm×2毫米的传感器将文本数字化。)”可知，作者在最后一段列出一系列数字是为了展示这种笔的小巧，说明这个设备的便携性。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。本文介绍的是荷兰初创公司Nuwa发明的“世界上最先进的笔”，它可以将手写的笔记数字化。作者介绍了这种笔的工作原理和优点等，未表达自己的观点，所以作者的态度是中立的。故选C项。 （十二） （2025·安徽马鞍山市·一模） D Pompeii’s plaster cast (石膏模型) human figures aren’t who they were assumed to be, genetic tests have revealed, highlighting the way idealised stories can be projected onto archaeological (考古的) evidence. The analysis also reveals that the demography (人口学) of Pompeii was far more complicated and diverse than previously thought. When Vesuvius erupted in AD 79 many of Pompeii’s residents were covered and died, and as their bodies were destroyed gradually by natural processes, cavities (窟窿) formed that perfectly preserved their positions in their final moments. In the 19th century, archaeologists developed a method of pouring plaster into the cavities to make life-like casts. Since then, more than 100 of these casts have been made, preserving the victims’ shapes along with any remaining bones. However, it has long been known that many of the plaster casts were arranged into different poses and sometimes placed together to add to the drama of the Pompeii story, says Valeria Amoretti at the Archaeological Park of Pompeii in Naples, Italy. To learn more about who these people were, Amoretti and her teammates examined 14 of the plaster casts and extracted DNA from bones in five of them. What they found has completely changed the established interpretations of who they were. An adult wearing a golden bracelet (手镯) with a child on the lap was long believed to be the child’s mother. The DNA analysis shows the adult is actually a male who is biologically unrelated to the child. A nearby figure, formerly interpreted as being the father, was also unrelated to the supposed mother and child. Alissa Mittnik at Harvard University says the study highlights the importance of applying science before interpreting archaeology at face value. “Ultimately, it reminds us that the most obvious, dramatic or sensational explanations do not always hold true, encouraging us to stay aware of and question our assumptions, ” she says. 12. What is stressed about the analysis in paragraph 1? A. It has solved a complicated social issue. B. It is based on well-documented stories. C. It challenges a long-held assumption. D. It needs further supporting evidence. 13. What can be learned about the plaster casts according to Amoretti? A. They have fallen victim to the wear of time. B. They were repositioned to enhance dramatic effects. C. They had mostly been made before the 19th century. D. They represented advanced workmanship at the time. 14. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the DNA analysis? A. Its findings. B. Its methods. C. Its samples. D. Its motivations. 15. How does Mittnik find the study? A. Conventional. B. Inspirational. C. Complicated. D. Prejudiced. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对庞贝古城的“石膏模型”的最新研究。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Pompeii’s plaster cast human figures aren’t who they were assumed to be, genetic tests have revealed, highlighting the way idealised stories can be projected onto archaeological evidence. The analysis also reveals that the demography of Pompeii was far more complicated and diverse than previously thought. (基因测试显示，庞贝古城的石膏人像并不是人们想象的那样，这突显了理想故事可以投射到考古证据上的方式。分析还显示，庞贝的人口统计比以前认为的要复杂和多样得多。)” 可知，基因测试显示庞贝城的石膏模型人物并不是人们之前认为的那样，这项分析还揭示了庞贝城的人口学情况比以前认为的要复杂和多样得多，所以第一段强调的是这项分析挑战了长期以来的假设。故选C项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, it has long been known that many of the plaster casts were arranged into different poses and sometimes placed together to add to the drama of the Pompeii story, says Valeria Amoretti at the Archaeological Park of Pompeii in Naples, Italy. (然而，意大利那不勒斯庞贝考古公园的Valeria Amoretti说，人们早就知道，许多石膏模型被安排成不同的姿势，有时被放在一起，以增加庞贝故事的戏剧性。)”可知，据Amoretti所说，许多石膏模型被摆成不同的姿势，有时还被放在一起，以增加庞贝故事的戏剧性效果，即它们被重新摆放以增强戏剧效果。故选B项。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“An adult wearing a golden bracelet with a child on the lap was long believed to be the child’s mother. The DNA analysis shows the adult is actually a male who is biologically unrelated to the child. A nearby figure, formerly interpreted as being the father, was also unrelated to the supposed mother and child. (长期以来，人们一直认为一个戴着金手镯、膝上抱着孩子的成年人就是孩子的母亲。DNA分析显示，这名成年人实际上是一名男性，与这名儿童没有血缘关系。旁边的一个人，以前被解释为父亲，也与假定的母亲和孩子无关。)”可知，主要讲述了通过 DNA 分析发现，长期以来被认为是孩子母亲的戴着金手镯、腿上有个孩子的成年人实际上是一名男性，且与孩子没有血缘关系，附近曾被认为是父亲的人物也与所谓的母亲和孩子没有关系，这都是 DNA 分析的“发现”。故选A项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Alissa Mittnik at Harvard University says the study highlights the importance of applying science before interpreting archaeology at face value. “Ultimately, it reminds us that the most obvious, dramatic or sensational explanations do not always hold true, encouraging us to stay aware of and question our assumptions, ” she says. (哈佛大学的Alissa Mittnik说，这项研究强调了在表面上解释考古学之前应用科学的重要性。她说：“最终，它提醒我们，最明显、最戏剧性或最耸人听闻的解释并不总是正确的，这鼓励我们保持警惕，并质疑我们的假设。”)”可知，Mittnik认为这项研究强调了在表面解读考古学之前应用科学的重要性，它提醒我们最明显、戏剧性或耸人听闻的解释并不总是正确的，鼓励我们保持警觉并质疑我们的假设，所以她认为这项研究是 “有启发性的”。故选B项。 （十三） （2025·安徽蚌埠市·一模） D Have you ever joyously stepped out to your backyard garden, freshly brewed (冲泡) coffee in hand, only to find your attentively cared-for plants dying? Was the soil too dry? Did pests find their way in? During times like these, some frustrated (沮丧的) gardeners may wish their plants would just tell them what it needs. A new Microsoft-partnered project in the UK is trying to see if that concept can be demonstrated in the real world. Next year, the Royal Horticultural Society in England will show off an “intelligent garden” that uses an AI model to monitor the garden’s environment and tell gardeners when it needs care. Visitors will be able to walk up to virtual platforms and ask the intelligence garden questions about its current environmental state. The AI language module will then interpret the data and give answers to the visitors in a coherent, conversational dialogue. The technical components of the garden are the product of a partnership between AI start-up Avande and Microsoft. The garden will rely on a network of sensors placed throughout the garden measuring environmental factors like soil condition and nutrient levels. All of that data is then sent to a specially designed AI model housed in a pavilion (亭阁) at the back of the garden. The model, powered by Microsoft’s Azure Open AI Service, can then analyze those factors and inform gardeners on proper feeding or watering. In theory, insights provided by such models could help gardeners allocate resources efficiently and avoid over-watering plants before rainfall, both of which can aid in sustainability efforts. It’s unclear, however, whether even the best models can account for abnormalities and individual plant tendencies with the same level of care as experienced gardeners. Massey and fellow designer Je Ahn wanted to avoid falling into the trap of making the AI garden feel overly artificial. Though the new technology plays a critical role in maintaining the plants, the actual physical design of the space was left up to humans. Once the exhibit concludes, the garden will reportedly live on as an accessible community space. “AI hasn’t designed the garden, AI is assisting the gardeners looking after it, ” Massey said in an interview with The Independent. 32. What can an AI model in the “intelligent garden” do? A. Interact with visitors to entertain them. B. Inform gardeners of their plants’ demand. C. Show visitors around the intelligent garden. D. Comfort gardeners when they are frustrated. 33. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The surroundings of the intelligent garden. B. The working principle of the intelligent garden. C. The advantages of the garden’s technical components. D The technical cooperation between Avande and Microsoft. 34. What is the designers’ attitude to the AI technology? A. Cautious. B. Unconcerned. C. Contradictory. D. Disapproving. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. AI brings your garden back to life again. B. AI helps plants tell you when they are thirsty. C. “Intelligent garden” beautifies the environment. D. “Intelligent garden” displaces experienced gardeners. 【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A 35. B 【导语】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了英国皇家 Horticultural Society 和微软合作开发的“智能花园”项目。该花园利用人工智能和传感器网络监测植物需求，并为园丁提供护理建议。文章探讨了这一技术的原理、优势以及其在可持续性方面的潜在价值。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段描述，智能花园中的 AI 模型能够监测花园环境，并告诉园丁植物何时需要护理（“tell gardeners when it needs care”）。因此，AI 模型的功能是向园丁传达植物的需求。故选B项。 【33题详解】 段落大意题。第三段主要介绍了智能花园的技术组成部分，包括传感器网络、数据传输以及 AI 模型的工作原理（“The garden will rely on a network of sensors... The model... can then analyze those factors and inform gardeners”）。因此，本段主要讲述了智能花园的工作原理。故选B项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段，设计者 Massey 和 Je Ahn 希望避免让智能花园显得过于人工化，强调 AI 只是辅助园丁，而非完全取代人类（“AI hasn’t designed the garden, AI is assisting the gardeners looking after it”）。这表明设计者对 AI 技术持谨慎态度，既认可其价值，又担心其过度主导。故选A项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了智能花园如何利用 AI 技术监测植物需求，并通过对话形式向园丁提供护理建议。选项B（“AI 帮助植物告诉你它们何时口渴”）准确概括了文章的核心内容，即 AI 技术帮助植物与园丁沟通需求。故选B项。 （十四） （2025·安徽滁州市·一模） D Scientists have studied gossip defined as talking about someone not present for decades. That's not surprising given the activity's near universality in any social group, big or small. People in modern societies spend about an hour a day immersed in chin - wagging, one study reports. But investigators are now approaching this fixture of social life from a new perspective. In past decades, researchers focused primarily on the damage arising from gossiping, and they zeroed in on either the gossip spreader or the target - the person being talked about. Now, they have changed course by looking more at the benefits of gossip and the dynamics of a three - part network that involves a gossiper, a listener and a target. So what, if anything, can be good about gossip? Whenever someone confides something to you about someone you both know - whether the information is positive, negative or neutral - it brings the two of you closer, creating a social bond. According to one study, it even increases your liking for the spreader of the information. Plus, it enforces group norms. For example, complaints about a co - worker who puts smelly banana peels in the paper trash are likely to get back to them and let them know that the conduct is not acceptable. Another experiment was led by social psychologist Terence Cruz, then at Free University Amsterdam. Cruz and his team recruited 300 people in a community in the Netherlands and asked them to list 15 people with whom they had frequent contact. Four times each day for 10 days, the subjects were asked to report on any information that someone in their social network told them, or that they told someone, about a third person. The experiment showed that the gossiper passed on true information when they had no conflict of interest with the target. When they had a rivalry or other conflict with the target, however, they were likelier to pass on things that were self - serving or absolutely false. Nevertheless, one of the most surprising results of gossip, Cruz says, is that it helps people better understand the behavior of others. For example, a co - worker shows up late every day, but if they learn through gossip that the offending colleague is in the middle of a divorce or the like, they are less likely to complain. Perhaps more importantly, they sympathize with the co - worker and feel motivated to help the miserable guy. 32. What is the new perspective investigators now adopt? A. Analyze the new feature of social life. B. Focus on the benefits of chin - wagging. C. Investigate the potential risks of gossip. D. Look at either the spreader or the target. 33. What impact might gossip have according to paragraph 3? A. It fuels the popularity of the target. B. It betters the workplace environment. C. It offends the privacy of co - workers. D. It enhances the overall social bond. 34. What does Cruz's research find? A. An average person contacts 15 people frequently. B. Gossips tend to spread incorrect information. C. One can never keep their privacy from colleagues. D. Workplace relationships can benefit from gossip. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Bad Name, Not Necessarily Bad Thing B. Double - Edged Sword, Aid Plus Harm C. The Bitter Truth about Chin - Wagging D. The Unsaid Intention behind Gossip 【答案】32. B 33. D 34. D 35. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，探讨了科学家对“八卦”（gossip）的新研究视角。文章指出，尽管过去的研究主要关注八卦的负面影响，但最新的研究开始关注八卦的积极影响，如增强社会联系、规范群体行为以及帮助人们更好地理解他人。通过实验和研究，科学家发现八卦并非完全负面，甚至在某些情况下具有积极作用。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段，过去的研究主要关注八卦的负面影响，尤其是传播者（gossip spreader）或目标（target）之间的关系。然而，现在的研究开始转向探索八卦的积极影响，并关注一个包含三部分的网络：八卦者、倾听者和目标（“Now, they have changed course by looking more at the benefits of gossip and the dynamics of a three-part network that involves a gossiper, a listener and a target”）。因此，新的研究视角是关注八卦的好处。故选B项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段，八卦可以带来以下积极影响： • 增强传播者和倾听者之间的社会联系（“it brings the two of you closer, creating a social bond”）。 • 增加倾听者对传播者的喜爱（“it even increases your liking for the spreader of the information”）。 • 强化群体规范（“it enforces group norms”）。 这些影响总体上增强了社会联系。因此，D项“它增强了整体社会联系”是正确的。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段和第五段，Cruz的研究发现： • 当八卦者与目标没有利益冲突时，他们更可能传递真实信息（“the gossiper passed on true information when they had no conflict of interest with the target”）。 • 当存在竞争或其他冲突时，八卦者更可能传递对自己有利或完全虚假的信息（“they were likelier to pass on things that were self-serving or absolutely false”）。 • 八卦帮助人们更好地理解他人的行为，甚至激发同情和帮助他人的动机（“it helps people better understand the behavior of others... they sympathize with the co-worker and feel motivated to help the miserable guy”）。 因此，D项“工作场所关系可以从八卦中受益”是正确的。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要探讨了八卦的积极影响，尽管八卦通常被认为是一种负面行为，但研究表明它也有积极的一面，比如增强社会联系、规范群体行为和帮助人们理解他人。A项“名声不佳，但未必是坏事”准确概括了文章的核心观点。故选A项。 （十五） （2025·安徽芜湖市·一模） D A bitter argument arose after it was reported that the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) - southern Oregon's 80-year-old annual theatrical festival - would be authorizing playwrights (剧作家) to "translate" all of Shakespeare's plays into modern English. The project drew anger from Shakespearean professors, artists and others who believe firmly in the power of Shakespeare's original texts and are against any attempt to simplify their language. As an educator and lover of Shakespearean drama, I believe in the value of presenting Shakespeare's plays in their original language. I require my students to read Shakespeare's plays in their original form, and through my work on the World Shakespeare Project, I've witnessed undergraduates (本科生) in places such as India, Uganda and Argentina enthusiastically respond to the challenge. Yet the anger over the OSF's new modernization project is misguided. The organization - which is known for experimentation - is simply taking part in a centuries-long tradition of adapting Shakespeare's original texts. Among those criticizing the new project is Columbia University Professor James Shapiro, a well-known Shakespearean scholar who maintains that "with the language changed in this modernizing way the work just doesn't have the excitement and the quality of the original language." Earlier this month, before an audience at Shakespeare's Globe, he added, "It's a really bad idea." Noticeably, however, Shapiro, along with many others, responded quite differently to the translation of a different classic text - On Nobel Prize winner Seamus Heaney's often-praised 1999 rewriting of Beowulf, Shapiro wrote in The New York Times: "Examples like this add up to a translation that manages to achieve what before seemed impossible: a faithful translation that is meanwhile an original and fascinating poem in its own right." In this example, at least, Heaney's talent apparently overcame Shapiro's opposition to the concept. The playwrights the company has authorized to "modernize" the language of Shakespeare's works may or may not achieve the same success as Seamus Heaney's Beowulf did, but for whatever reason, changing the language of Shakespeare remains to be unacceptable, while the setting, costuming and theoretical conceptualization of his plays are fair game for innovation. 32. Why does the author mention some undergraduates? A. To clear up their misunderstanding about Shakespeare. B. To show their interest in Shakespeare's original works. C. To stress their key role in the World Shakespeare Project. D. To show their anger over the OSF's modernization project. 33. What can we say about James Shapiro? A. He always keeps his word. B. He thinks little of Beowulf. C. He remains true to his work. D. He has contradictory views. 34. What does the author say about Shakespeare's works? A. Innovations in them in some aspects are acceptable. B. The language modernization of them won't be successful. C. They have a greater influence on playwrights than Beowulf. D. Their setting and costuming are as important as the language. 35. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To report a breakthrough in Shakespeare's plays. B. To discuss a project that is linked to Shakespeare. C. To advise Shakespeare lovers to stand up in protest. D. To awaken people's interest in Shakespeare's works. 【答案】32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B 【导语】这是一篇议论文，讨论了俄勒冈莎士比亚节（OSF）计划将莎士比亚的所有剧作“翻译”为现代英语的争议。作者虽然支持使用莎士比亚的原著，但他认为对OSF的现代化项目表示愤怒是错误的，因为改编莎士比亚作品是一个由来已久的传统。文章通过对比其他经典作品的改编，探讨了语言现代化的可行性和接受度。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。作者提到印度、乌干达和阿根廷的本科生对莎士比亚原著的热情反应，是为了说明即使是非英语母语的大学生也能对莎士比亚的原始作品产生兴趣（“I've witnessed undergraduates... enthusiastically respond to the challenge”）。因此，B项“展示他们对莎士比亚原著的兴趣”是正确的。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章，James Shapiro批评OSF的现代化项目，认为这种改编会失去莎士比亚作品的“兴奋感和原始语言的质量”（“the work just doesn't have the excitement and the quality of the original language”）。然而，他却对Seamus Heaney的《贝奥武夫》翻译版给予了高度评价，认为其“是一个忠实且具有原创性和吸引力的翻译”（“a faithful translation that is meanwhile an original and fascinating poem in its own right”）。这表明Shapiro的观点存在矛盾。因此，D项“他有矛盾的观点”是正确的。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。作者指出，尽管语言现代化可能不被接受，但莎士比亚作品的其他方面（如场景设置、服装和理论概念）一直是创新的领域（“changing the language of Shakespeare remains to be unacceptable, while the setting, costuming and theoretical conceptualization of his plays are fair game for innovation”）。因此，A项“在某些方面对它们进行创新是可以接受的”是正确的。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。文章围绕OSF计划将莎士比亚作品翻译为现代英语的项目展开讨论，探讨了这种现代化尝试是否合适。作者虽然支持使用莎士比亚的原著，但也指出对该项目的愤怒是错误的，因为改编莎士比亚作品是一个由来已久的传统。因此，B项“讨论一个与莎士比亚相关的项目”是文章的主要目的。 （十六） （2025·安徽六校·春季素质检测考试） D More than 2,000 years after Plato died, the towering figure of classical antiquity and founder of the Academy, regarded by many as the first university in the west, can still make front-page news. Researchers this week claimed to have found the final resting place of the Greek philosopher, a plot in the garden of his Athens Academy, after scanning an ancient papyrus scroll (纸草卷轴) recovered from the library of a Herculaneum villa that was buried when Mount Vesuvius erupted in AD 79. The project belongs to a new wave of efforts that seek to read, restore and translate ancient and even lost languages with cutting-edge technologies. Equipped with modern tools, many powered by artificial intelligence, scholars are starting to read what had long been considered unreadable. “There will be scrolls that will be read with these new techniques that contribute to our knowledge of antiquity, and to our knowledge of literature in general.” said Dr Kilian Fleischer, a papyrologist who worked on The History of the Academy. But it’s no easy task when the scroll is in pieces from being unrolled and the papyrus as black as the ink written on it. Substantial portions of text are faded, indistinct or missing. Prof Graziano Ranocchia, project leader at the University of Pisa, used hyperspectral imaging (高光谱成像) to light up the scroll fragments. The images reveal letters on the scroll that are invisible to the naked eye, giving scholars crucial clues as to the final resting place of Plato. Armed with the scans, the team reconstructed 20% to 30% more of the text, with the additional words fitted into place amounting to 1,000 extra letters. Fleischer compares it to completing a crossword: sometimes it takes only a single letter to be confident of the answer. “It’s a wonderful feeling, this moment of reading something new and knowing this was information other researchers have wanted for decades or centuries,” Fleischer said. “This might be a second Renaissance.” 32. Why did the author introduce Plato’s historical position in paragraph 1? A. To illustrate the influence of Renaissance. B. To show the background of the discovery. C. To introduce the revival of the philosophy. D. To highlight the importance of the finding. 33. The expert’s words in paragraph 2 imply that ______. A. he is cautious about the new techniques B. he just focuses on solving current problems C. he is optimistic about the project’s potential D. he stresses the ancient civilization preservation 34. What can be inferred about the project? A. It focuses on locating Plato’s resting place. B. It applies technology to reading ancient texts. C. It has restored the content in the papyrus scroll. D. It has reconstructed the texts with crosswords. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Scientists Locate Herculaneum’s Villa. B. Scientists Explore Plato’s Academy Garden. C. Technology Uncovers Plato’s Secrets. D. Technology Casts Light on Plato’s Works. 【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们如何利用现代技术（如高光谱成像）解读古代文献，并通过这些技术发现了关于古希腊哲学家柏拉图安息之地的新线索。文章展示了现代科技在恢复古代知识和文化中的重要作用。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。文章第一段提到柏拉图的历史地位，是为了强调此次发现的重要性（“the towering figure of classical antiquity... can still make front-page news”）。因此，D项“突出发现的重要性”是正确的。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。第二段中，Fleischer博士提到：“There will be scrolls that will be read with these new techniques that contribute to our knowledge of antiquity, and to our knowledge of literature in general.” 这表明他对新技术在项目中的潜力持乐观态度。因此，C项“他对项目的潜力持乐观态度”是正确的。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。文章提到，科学家们利用高光谱成像技术来解读古代纸草卷轴中的文字（“Prof Graziano Ranocchia... used hyperspectral imaging to light up the scroll fragments”）。这表明该项目的核心是利用技术来解读古代文献。因此，B项“它应用技术来解读古代文本”是正确的。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学家们如何利用现代技术解开柏拉图安息之地的秘密，并展示了这些技术在恢复古代知识中的作用。C项“Technology Uncovers Plato’s Secrets（技术揭示柏拉图的秘密）”准确概括了文章的核心内容，是最适合的标题。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$