Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Discovering Useful Structures 教学设计-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Teaching and Learning Design Book3 Unit3 Diverse Cultures 教学设计 Period 4 Teaching and learning contents: Discovering Useful Structures Comprehensive teaching and learning objectives: By the end of this period, the students will have been able to: 1) Learn about the use of ellipsis and learn to find out the omitted words in a sentence; 2) Learn to use ellipsis in context; 3) Learn about the usages of some new words in this part. Teaching and learning important points: Learning to use ellipsis in context. Teaching and learning difficult points: Learning to use ellipsis in context. Teaching and learning procedure: Step 1 Review and leading in Activity 1 Review and leading in 1. Review some of the language items learned in the previous period. 2. Lead in the teaching topic and introduce the learning objectives of this period. Step 2 Discovering useful structures Activity 2 Discovering ellipsis Read the following sentences and find the words that have been omitted to avoid repetition. 1. A: Oh, I just love nachos! (They are) Mexican corn chips covered in cheese! B: Me, too. (I love nachos, too.) 2. A: So it’s the food of many different cultures, (and they are) all in one dish? B: Exactly. (It’s the food of many different cultures, and they are all in one dish.) 3. (There is) A real mix of cultures here! 4. (I) Can’t wait (to go there)! Step 3 Learning about the structure Activity 3 Learning about the structures—ellipsis Get the students to read the grammar explanations in RB or Appendix by themselves and complete the exercises in RB. 为了使语言简洁或避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。 I. 简单句中的省略 1. 省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 e.g. (You) Shut up！住嘴！ (I) Beg your pardon.请您原谅。/请再说一遍。 (You) Want a hand？需要帮忙吗？ 2. 省略宾语：当上、下或前、后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。 e.g. —Do you know Mr Li?—I don’t know (him). ——你认识李先生吗？——我不认识。 3. 省略主语和谓语(或主语和谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或主语和谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 e.g. (You come) This way, please. 请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语) (Have you) Got any ink? 你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分) II.并列句中的省略。在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1. 省略共同的主语或宾语，变为简单句。 e.g. Tom picked up a comic on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher. 汤姆在地板上捡起了一本连环画杂志并把它交给了他的老师。 She washed (the shirt), (she) ironed (the shirt), and (she) folded the shirt. 她洗了衬衫，并且把它熨好、折叠好。 2. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 e.g. Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。 3. 若主语和谓语动词都相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。 e.g. His claim made me happy, but (his claim made) Jim angry. 他的断言使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。 4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。 e.g. He has a knowledge of china but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of china). 他具备瓷器知识，但他的朋友不具备。 III. 复合句中的省略 1. 宾语从句中的省略。在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。 e.g. I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer. 我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。 2. 状语从句中的省略。当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语中有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。省略句中的谓语动词和逻辑主语之间构成主谓关系，则使用现在分词；若构成动宾关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。 (1) 在as，before，till，until，when，while等引导的时间状语从句中。 e.g. While(I was) walking along the street，I heard my name called. 当我正沿街而行时，我听到有人叫我的名字。 Don’t do it till (it is) too late. 不要等到太晚了才做。 (2) 在though，although等引导的让步状语从句中。 e.g. Though (they were) tired，they went on working. 虽然累了，但他们继续工作。 (3) 在if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中。 e.g. You shouldn’t come to his party unless (you are) invited. 除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的派对。 (4) 在as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句中。 e.g. He opened his mouth as if (he was) to say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 He did as (he was) told. 他按要求做了。 常用的省略结构：•if so如果那样的话/•if not如果不的话/•if anything要说真有什么的话/•if ever如果有过的话/•if necessary如果必要的话/•if possible如果可能的话/•wherever possible任何可能的地方/•where necessary有必要的地方 e.g. If(it is) necessary, I’ll explain it to you again. 如果有必要的话，我会再向你解释一遍。 3. 定语从句中的省略 (1)一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。 e.g. The man (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill. 你昨天见到的那个人病倒了。 The man, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. 那个人病倒了，你昨天见到他了。 (2)当先行词是way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用in which或that，也可以省略。 e.g. The way (in which/that) these comrades treat problems is wrong. 这些同志对待问题的方式是错误的。 IV 其他情况的省略 1. 动词不定式中的省略。动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况：一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号to的省略。 (1) 省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况： ①一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语，如expect，want，hope，wish，love，hate，decide，plan，mean，try，would like，be ready，be afraid，be glad等后，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。 e.g. —Will you go with me? —Well, I’d like to (go with you). ②不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to后的动词部分，即用to代替整个不定式。 e.g. You’d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to (finish the job on time). 如果他命令你，你最好按时完成工作。 如果该不定式后的动词是be或完成时态，则需在to后加上be或have。 e.g. —Are you a lawyer? —No，but I hope to be (a lawyer). —Have you been to the West Lake? —I hope to have (been to the West Lake). (2)省略动词不定式符号to的情况： ① 动词不定式作感官动词feel，see，notice，watch，hear，listen to，observe和使役动词have，make，let等的宾语补足语时，后接不带to的动词不定式。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。 e.g. We often hear him sing the song at home.→He is often heard to sing the song at home. ②两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and，or，than，but连接时，从第二个不定式起，往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。 e.g. She’d like to take off her coat and have a break. 她想脱去外套休息一会儿。 He believes it important to study rather than to make friends. 他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。 ③由all，what 引导的主语从句或者主语被the only，the first，the one，the least或形容词最高级修饰而且从句中含有do 的某种形式时，其表语如果是不定式，则往往可省略to。 e.g. What you have to do is (to) study even harder to make preparations for your future. 你需要做的是更加努力学习为将来做准备。 but，except作介词，后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，反之则要带to。(前面有do后面不带to) e.g. She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么也做不了。 He has no choice but to leave. 他别无选择只有离开。 2. 替代性省略。so和not作替代词，代替被省略的某个词(组)或句子，一般和表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作be，become的表语或afraid，believe，do，expect，fear，hope，imagine，say，see，speak，suppose，think 等的宾语。not代替否定的句子，还可放在perhaps，probably，absolutely等副词后。 e.g. —Can you finish your work today? —I think so./I don’t think so./I think not. ——你今天能完成工作吗？——我认为能。/我认为不能。 3. 介词的省略。一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth/be busy (in) doing sth/ spend some time (in) doing sth/stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth e.g. The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 Step 4 Using the structures Activity 4 Using the structures 1. Rewrite the sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts in Activity 2 on P30 in the textbook and then check the answers. Answers: 1) You mean (you are) planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday? (It sounds like) a good idea. 2) He tried to solve his financial problems, but he couldn’t (solve the problems). 3) If (it is) necessary, I’ll finish my report on American poetry as soon as (it is) possible. 4) Are you going to dress like that? (Wearing) a dress might be better than (wearing) jeans and boots. 5) Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some are not (poisonous). 6) I really like that paper folding book, and my son (likes that paper folding book), too. 2. Read the conversation in Activity 3 on P30. Find out which words have been left out. Justin (J): Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! (Do you have) Any recommendations for places to visit (in Guizhou Province)? Linlin (L): Wow, (That is/It is) cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. (What are some) Places to visit (in Guizhou Province)... well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall (is the) first (place to visit in Guizhou Province). J: What’s special about the waterfall? L: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West? J Yes, I have (heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West). Why (do you ask me if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West)? L: In the back of the (Huangguoshu) waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King (from Journey to the West). J: (That’s) Really (true)? (It’s) Cool! I’ll definitely check it out. L: And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages (on your trip to Guizhou Province). You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought (it was). J: (This all) Sounds great, thanks! L: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King. 3. Learning about few new words in this part. 1) Atlantic adj.大西洋的 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 2) financial adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的financial support 财政支持 finance n. 资金；财政；财力 vt. 给……提供资金; 3) poetry n.诗集；诗歌；诗作 poet n. 诗人 poem n. 诗歌 4) jeans n.牛仔裤 5) boot n.靴子 6) mushroom n. 蘑菇；蕈 7) poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的 poison n.毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害 e.g. The leaves of certain trees are poisonous to cattle. 某些树的叶子会毒害牲畜。 Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison. 有些蘑菇含有致命毒素。 Someone has been poisoning his food. 有人一直在他的食物里下毒。 8) fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt. vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平 unfold vt. vi. 展开，打开 vt. 摊开；展现，披露 e.g. He folded the map up and put it in his pocket. 他把地图折叠起来，放进了口袋。 a pile of neatly folded clothes 一摞折叠整齐的衣服 She unfolded her arms. 她张开双臂。 The facts started to unfold before them. 真相开始在他们面前显露出来。 9) super adv. 特别；格外adj. 顶好的；超级的 e.g. He’s been super understanding. 他特别体谅人。 a super meal一顿美餐 We had a super time in Italy. 我们在意大利过得十分惬意。 Step 5 Summary and evaluation Activity 5 Summary (The teacher) Summarize the main contents of this period briefly, focusing on how to use the present participles as the adverbial and the object compliment. Activity 6 Self-evaluation Guide the students to reflect on their learning of this period by considering the following aspects. 1. How is your mastery of ellipsis? (Good/Fairly good/Moderate/Just so so/Poor) 2. What are your problems with ellipsis? Homework： 1. Complete the grammar exercises in RB. 2. Complete the other exercises in RB. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$