内容正文:
Unit 8 Exploring the Topic (探索板块)
主题内容
学习目标
主题范畴:
人与自然→世界不同地区的生态特征与自然景观;热爱与敬畏自然,与自然和谐共生
主题内容:
围绕话题Our Blue Planet展开,学会辨识主旨大意和细节信息,即提取、整理、概括语篇中的主要内容以及支撑性的关键信息。在主题阅读活动中,帮助学生运用本单元所学的思维技能和阅读策略开展主题阅读。在语篇中感知千位数以上基数词的形式、意义和用法观察、归纳祈使句肯定句和否定句的形式、意义和用法;体会、理解祈使句的语气。
1. 语言知识&技能:
(1)运用辨识主旨大意和细节信息的思维技能,绘制主旨与细节图;
(2)运用可视化阅读策略,引导学生通过观察和想象,更好地理解水循环的过程;
(3) 运用可视化阅读策略,构建沙漠中节水行动的视觉化场景;梳理和概括语篇的关键信息和主旨大意,绘制主旨与细节图;
(4)初步具有运用千位数以上基数词和祈使句的能力;在新语境中运用所学语法知识,描述节水行动。
2. 文化意识&思维品质:
(1)基于水循环的知识,认识到水资源的有限性,培养珍惜水资源的意识;
(2)通过谈论沙漠中的节水措施,感悟珍惜水资源的重要性,培养节水意识。
3. 学习策略:
(1)基于水循环的知识,梳理I read、I see in my mind、Now, I understand三个步骤;
(2)运用辨识主旨大意和细节信息的思维技能,梳理和概括语篇的关键信息和主旨大意,绘制主旨与细节图;
(3) 在语篇中感知千位数以上基数词的形式、意义和用法;归纳祈使句肯定句和否定句的形式、意义和用法。
➽自主预习
请预习下列重点单词、短语和句型,并完成下面的表格。
词性
中文
英文
重点单词
名词
1. 水龙头
2. 牙;齿
3. 故事;小说
4. 迈步;步骤;阶段
5. 事实,真相;现实
6. 百分之······
7. 陆地,大地;地带,土地
8. 门
9. 循环
10. 海岸线;沿海地带
动词
1. 掘(地);挖(土)
2. 收集;采集
3. 洗
4. 再次使用;重复使用
形容词
1. 快的;迅速的
2. 有用的;有帮助的
3. 宝贵的
副词
(用以表示除去了某物);休假;休息
数词
1. 六十
2. 八十
3. 一千
4. 十亿
连词
当···的时候;而,然而
兼词
1. prep.在..外面 adv.在外面
2. n.淋浴;淋浴间, 淋浴器v.(洗)淋浴
3. v.(用刷子)刷净,刷亮 n.刷子
4. n.关乎......的事情;事情
v.事关紧要;要紧
5. det.足够的,充足的 adv.足够地
6. prep., conj.(比较数量、距离等)多于,少于;(用于引出比较的第二部分)比
7. adv.仅一次;一次;曾经
conj.一...就
8. modal v.必须
n.必须做(或看、买等)的事
9. v.担心,发愁;使担忧,使发愁
n.令人担忧的事;担心,忧虑
10. v.覆盖;遮盖 n.覆盖物;躲避处
11. v.敲;击 n.敲击声;敲门(或窗户)声
12. v.乱扔 n.垃圾
重点短语
中文
英文
中文
英文
1. 变成
2. 对......有价值
3. 关闭;关掉
4. 开始做某事
5. 洗澡
6. 打扫卫生
7. 实际上
8. 担心;焦急
9. 有区别;产生影响
10. 充分利用
11. 超过
12. 进来
13. 把...放入...里面
14. 让(某人/某物)一直做某事/保持某种状态
15. 刷牙
16. 一周一次
17. 洗衣服
18. 水循环
19. 非常少
20. 敲......
重点句型
中文
英文
1. 在家,我们用水做饭、洗衣服或者打扫卫生。
2. 在户外,我们可以乘船旅行、做水上运动和玩水。
3. 天气晴朗的时候,水会上升到空气中,在空中变成云。
4. 快速洗澡。
5. 刷牙时关掉水龙头。
6. 事实上,沙漠是许多人的家。
7. 我认识居住在沙漠里的一家人。
8. 水对他们来说非常重要和宝贵。
9. 这家人没有足够的水。
10. 他们一周只能快速洗一次澡。
11.大多数人从地下获得水,因此他们不得不花很多钱挖井。
12. 我不需要担心水(的问题),但现在我开始节约用水了。
13加入我,让我们一起有所作为。
14. 非常少的人住在沙漠。
15. 人们不得不充分利用水资源。
16. 大西洋的面积超过93000000平方千米。
17.肖雅正在敲门。
18. 不要把废弃物扔进湖里。
19. 当心脚下。
20. 不要让水一直流淌。
小试牛刀:根据语境及提示完成句子。
1. We should always turn off the t__________ when we are brushing our teeth.
2. Many people waste water because they think there is __________ for everyone.(足够的)
3. To save water, we can c__________ rainwater and use it for watering plants or cleaning.
4. If you see someone wasting water, don’t be afraid to k__________ on their door and remind them.
5. Don’t __________ on the ground, please.(乱扔垃圾)
➽问题探究
知识点1 At home, we use water to cook, do washing or cleaning. 在家,我们用水做饭、洗衣服或打扫卫生。
(教材P24)
1) wash v. 意为“洗”。 do washing 意为“洗衣服”,可与 do some washing 互换,也可表达为 wash clothes。
E.g. Lili often helps her mother do washing. 丽丽经常帮助她妈妈洗衣服。
拓展: wash the dishes = do the dishes 洗餐具 wash sth. for sb. 为某人洗某物
E.g. I often help my mother wash the dishes. 我经常帮助我妈妈洗餐具。
Yanyan washes the dishes for her mother on weekends. 妍妍在周末帮她妈妈洗碗。
2) do cleaning 意为“打扫卫生”,可与 do some cleaning 互换,也可表达为 clean up。
E.g. I helped my mother do cleaning yesterday. 我昨天帮妈妈打扫卫生了。
We do some cleaning in the classroom every Friday afternoon. 我们每周五下午大扫除。
【练习】
1.Look! Jane is busy in the kitchen. She ________ dishes now.
A.wash B.washes C.washed D.is washing
2.—________ your hands before meals, Tony.
—No problem, Mom.
A.Wash B.Washing C.To wash
知识点2 Outside home, we can travel by water, do exercise in water, and have fun with water. 在户外,我们可以乘船旅行,做水上运动和玩水。(教材P24)
outside prep. 意为“在......外面”。
E.g. You can park your car outside ourhouse. 可以把汽车停在我们家屋外。
拓展: outside的其他用法
outside adj. 意为“外部的;在外面的;向外的”。
n. 意为“外部外表(建筑物等的)周围,外围”。
adv. 意为“在外面;向外面”。
E.g. He wants to know more about the outside world. (作形容词) 他想多了解外面的世界。
You can't open the door from the outside. (作名词) 你从外边打不开这个门。
Don't come in. Please wait outside. (作副词) 不要进来,请在外面等。
辨析: outside和out
单词
词性
意思
反义词
out
副词
向外;出来
in
outside
在外面;向外面
inside
E.g. Come out! It's sunny outside! 出来吧!外面天气很晴朗!
【练习】
1. 外面正在下雨。待在家里,不要外出。
It’s raining . Stay in and don’t go out.
2. go outside, during, I, the, play, break, and (连词成句)
.
知识点3 On sunny days, water goes up in the air and turns into clouds in the sky. 天气晴朗的时候,水会上升
到空气里,在空中变成云。(教材P25)
turn...into... 意为“把......变成......”。同义词组:change...into...
E.g. Water can turn into ice below 0℃. 在零度以下水会变成冰。
Please turn English into Chinese. 请把英语翻译成汉语。
拓展: turn的其他用法
turn 实义动词,意为“转身;转动;翻转;转弯”。
系动词,意为“变成”,常指突然之间的变化或颜色变化。
名词,意为“转弯;轮流;机会”。
E.g. She turned to look at me. (作动词) 她转过头来看我。
Please turn to Page 1.(作动词)请翻到第一页。
The leaves turn yellow in autumn. (作系动词) 秋天叶子变黄了。
They do washing in turn. (作名词) 他们轮流洗衣服。
常用短语: turn on 打开 turn off关闭 turn down 调小;拒绝 turn up 调大;出现
in turn依次;轮流 by turns 轮流;交替 turn out结果是
【练习】
1. If the temperature is below 0℃, water turns into ________ in the open air.
A.ice B.steam C.fog D.rain
2.—What happened at the end of the story?
—Everyone turned into golden stones.
A.changed into B.developed into C.kept off
知识点4 Take a quick shower. 快速洗澡。(教材P26)
1) quick adj. 意为“快的;迅速的”。
E.g. He has a quick breakfast and then goesto school. 他快速吃了早餐,然后去上学。
拓展: quick后加-ly构成副词 quickly, 意为“迅速地;很快地”。
E.g. He answered the questions quickly. 他迅速地回答了这个问题。
辨析: quick, quickly和 fast
单词
词性
意思
用法
quick
形容词
快的
作表语或定语。
quickly
副词
迅速地;快速地
侧重指反应快或表示某事在较短的时间内发生或完成。
fast
既可作形容词也可作副词
快速的(地);飞快的(地)
侧重指人或物体的移动速度快。
E.g. He goes out of the room quickly andruns fast. 他迅速地走出房间,跑得很快。
2) shower n. 意为“淋浴;阵雨”。take/have a shower 意为“洗澡”。
E.g. He usually takes a shower in themorning. 他通常早上洗澡。
There will be a heavy shower thisafternoon. 今天下午会有一阵大雨。
拓展: shower v. 意为“(洗)淋浴;洒落”。
E.g. The boy likes to shower. 这个男孩喜欢洗澡。
【练习】
1. We need to walk ________ to catch the bus.
A.quick enough B.enough quick C.quickly enough
2.—Nowadays, I can pay for almost ________ by WeChat or Alipay.
—Me, too. I think it’s a ________ way to pay when we buy things.
A.something; quick B.everything; quick C.everything; quickly
3. Mike usually takes ______ shower at about nine o’clock at ______ night.
A.a; the B.a; / C./; the
知识点5 Turn off the tap while brushing yourteeth. 刷牙时关掉水龙头。(教材P26)
1) turn off 意为“关闭/上(电器、自来水、煤气等)”,是“动词+副词”型短语,其用法如下:
turn+名词+off = turn off +名词 turn+代词+off
反义短语: turn on意为“打开(电器)”。
E.g. I have to get up and turn off the light. = I have to get up and turn the light off. 我必须起床关灯。
The phone is too noisy. Please turn it off now. 手机太吵了。请现在关掉它。
The phone is too noisy. Please turn off it. ( × )
注意: ① turn off/on多指关闭或打开有开关的物体,如电视机、收音机、灯等。
② 动词close (关闭)和open (打开)多指关闭或打开门、窗等。
close open turn on turn off
2) while 在此处作连词,意为“当···的时候;在··期间”,引导时间状语从句。从句的谓语动词常用延续性动词,强调主句和从句的动作同时进行。
E.g. I get home while my parents are cooking. 我到家时我父母正在做饭。
注意: 在while引导的时间状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,并且谓语部分带有be动词时,主语和be动词可以省略。
E.g. Don't watch TV while you are doing your homework.
= Don't watch TV while doing your homework. 做作业时不要看电视。
拓展: ① while 作连词时, 还可意为“然而”,用于连接形成对比的两个句子。
E.g. In China, the people in the north mainly eat noodles while the people in the south feed on rice.
在中国,北方人主要吃面条,而南方人以大米为主食。
② while 还可作名词,意为“一会儿;一段时间”,常用单数形式,与不定冠词a连用。
while常用短语: for a while暂时,一会儿 in a while不久;马上
after a while一会儿之后 once in a while有时;偶尔
E.g. —Can you wait for me for a short while? 你能等我一会儿吗?
—OK! Take your time. 行!不急。
3) brush v. 意为“(用刷子)刷净,刷亮”。
E.g. He is brushing his shoes carefully. 他正在认真地刷他的鞋子。
拓展: brush还可作名词,意为“刷子;画笔”。其复数形式为brushes。
E.g. The painter has all kinds of brushes. 这个画家有各种各样的刷子。
4) tooth n. 意为“牙;齿”。其复数形式为teeth。brush one's teeth意为“刷牙”。
E.g. You should brush your teeth twice a day. 你应该每天刷两次牙。
拓展: 在英语中类似的名词复数变化规则还有:
foot→ feet脚 goose→ geese鹅
【练习】
1.Would you please ________ the fan ________? I feel a little cold.
A.to turn···on B.to turn···off C.turn . . . on D.turn···off
2.The radio is too loud. There is a baby _______. Please _______.
A.are sleeping; turn it off B.sleeping; turn off it
C.sleeping; turn it off D.are sleeping; turn off it
3. — How fine it is! Let’s play football ________ .
— That sounds good, but we can’t play for too long.
A.for a while B.for a walk C.for a rest
知识点6 Are there any people living in the desert? 有人居住在沙漠中吗?(教材P26)
“There be sb./sth. doing sth.”, 意为“有某人/某物正在做某事。”
E.g. Listen! There is someone singing. 听!有人在唱歌。
Now there are lots of robots doing some dangerous work. 现在,有许多机器人在做危险的工作。
知识点7 As a matter of fact, the desert is home to many people. 事实上,沙漠是许多人的家。(教材P26)
1) matter n. 意为“事情;问题”。
E.g. It's quite another matter. 这完全是另一回事。
拓展: ① matter 作名词时常用于“What's the matter (with sb./sth.)?”句型中,意为“(某人/某物)怎么了?”。
E.g. —What's the matter with you? 你怎么了?
—I have a cold. 我感冒了。
② matter 还可作动词,意为“要紧;有重大影响”。
E.g. —I'm sorry I was late. 很抱歉,我迟到了。—It doesn't matter. 没关系。
2) fact n. 意为“事实”。
E.g. Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
3) as a matter of fact 副词短语,意为“实际上;事实上”,可放于句首或句中,引出一个事实。
可与in fact互换。
E.g. As a matter of fact, running is good for our hearts. 事实上,跑步对我们的心脏有好处。
【练习】
As a matter of fact, he is always ready to help others.(改为同义句)
, he is always ready to help others.
知识点8 The family don't have enough water. 这家人没有足够的水。(教材P26)
enough 限定词,意为“足够的,充足的”,可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,可放在名词前、也可放在名词后。
E.g. We don't have enough food and clothes to spend the winter. 我们没有足够的食物和衣服来过冬。
拓展: enough的其他用法
enough
副词
意为“足够地;充分地”,可修饰形容词或副词,放在修饰词之后。
常用结构: be+adj./adv.+enough to do sth. 足够......可以做某事
代词
意为“足够;充分;充足”,在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
E.g. She is old enough to decide for herself. (作副词)她足够大可以自己做决定了。
The food here is delicious. I have had enough. (作代词)这里的食物很美味,我已经吃饱了。
These books aren't enough for me. 这些书对我来说并不够。
【练习】
1. Ben isn’t ________ to finish his homework before 8:00 p.m..
A.enough quick B.quick enough C.enough quickly D.quickly enough
2. The door is not ________ for the elephant to pass.
A.wide enough B.widely enough C.enough wide D.enough widely
知识点9 They can only take a quick shower once a week. 他们一周只能快速洗一次澡。 (教材P26)
once 此处作副词,意为“仅一次;一次”,表示频率。once a week意为“一周一次”。
E.g. I clean the house once a week. 我每周打扫一次房子。
拓展: ① once作副词时, 还可意为“曾;曾经;一度”,常与过去的时态连用。
E.g. Once, there was a man living in the forest. 曾经有一个男人生活在森林里。
② once的相关短语: at once 立即;马上
once again/more 再一次;再次 once upon a time很久以前,从前
【练习】
1. —How often do they take showers in the desert?
—________.
A.Once a week B.For two days C.At 7:00 D.Very quick
2. —______ do you visit your grandparents?
—Once a week. We usually have a big dinner together.
A.How long B.How soon C.How much D.How often
知识点10 During the shower, they must collect the water. 在洗澡期间,他们必须收集水。(教材P26)
1) must 情态动词,意为“必须”。
E.g. You must get to school on time. 你必须按时到校。
辨析: must 和 have to
单词/短语
意思
用法
must
必须
表示主观看法
没有人称、
时态、数的变化
多用于一般现在时,后跟动词原形
mustn't表示“禁止,一定不要”
have to
必须;不得不
表示客观要求
有人称、时态、数的变化
可用于多种时态,可表示过去、现在或将来,后跟动词原形
don't have to
表示“不必”
E.g. We must save every drop of water. 我们必须节约每一滴水。
She has to stay at home because of the bad weather. 由于糟糕的天气,她不得不待在家里。
注意:have to在构成否定句或疑问句时,需要借助助动词do。
E.g. You don't have to get up early. 你不必早起。
—Does she have to do washing now? 她必须现在洗衣服吗?
—No, she doesn't. 不,她不必。
拓展:must作情态动词的用法如下:
must
表示推测,意为“一定;准是”,常指有根据、有把握的推测。
表示“必须;一定”之意,强调说话人的主观看法。
mustn't意为“禁止,不准”,表示强制命令。
E.g. The book must be Li Ming's because his name is on it.
(表推测) 这本书一定是李明的,因为上面有他的名字。
I must work hard. (表观点) 我必须努力学习。
You mustn't swim in the river. (表命令) 河里禁止游泳。
注意: ① 对must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must; 否定回答用needn't或don't have to, 意为“不必”。
E.g. —Must I go now? 我现在必须走吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须走。
—Must I do sports now? 我现在必须做运动吗?
—No, you needn't/don't have to. 不,你不必。
② must只用于表示肯定的推测,不能用于否定推测。表示“不可能”要用can’t。
E.g. The' man can't be Mr. Green. He must be Mr. Black. 这个人不可能是格林先生,他一定是布莱克先生。
2) collect v. 意为“收集;收藏;募捐”。
E.g. My father likes collecting books. 我爸爸喜欢收藏书籍。
They collect money to help poor people. 他们筹集钱是为了帮助穷人。
拓展: collection是collect的名词形式,意为“收集;藏品;募捐”。
E.g. He has a large collection of books. 他有大量的藏书。
【练习】
1. —Must I return the book tomorrow, Leo?
—No, you ________. You can keep it for another two days.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.wouldn’t
2. You ______ worry about this problem. We can help you with it.
A.must B.may not C.can D.needn’t
3. We must put litter into the dustbin. (改为一般疑问句)
litter into the dustbin?
知识点11 Most people get water from the underground, so they have to spend a lot of money digging wells.
大多数人从地下获得水,因此他们不得不花很多钱挖井。(教材P26)
1) dig v. 意为“掘(地);挖(土)”,其现在分词形式为digging。
E.g. You need to dig a hole before planting the tree. 种树之前,你需要挖个坑。
I think I'll do some digging in the garden. 我想我该给花园松松土了。
2) well n. 意为“井;水井”。
E.g. They had to get water from the well in the past. 在过去,他们必须去井里取水。
链接:well的其他用法
well
副词
意为“足够地;充分地”,可修饰动词(短语)。
形容词
意为“健康;身体好”。feel well意为“感觉身体不错”。
感叹词
意为“嗯,好吧”,表示勉强同意。
意为“啊,好啦”,表示惊奇、愤怒或宽慰等。
E.g. She can play the guitar well. (作副词)她吉他弹得很好。
Well done! (作副词)干得好!
I don't feel very well. (作形容词)我感觉身体不太好。
Well, you may be right. (作感叹词)好吧,你也许是对的。
Well, what a nice poster! 啊,多么漂亮的海报啊!
【练习】
—Let’s ________ some potatoes for lunch.
—Good idea.
A.dig B.dug C.digging D.to dig
知识点12 I don't need to worry about water, but now I start to save water. 我不需要担心水(的问题),但现在我开始节约用水了。(教材P26)
worry 不及物动词,意为“担心;焦虑”,常和about连用构成短语
worry about sb./(doing) sth., 意为“担心某人/(做)某事”。其中about后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
E.g. Don't worry. Everything will be OK. 不要担心,一切都会好的。
My mother always worries about my health. 我妈妈总是担心我的健康。
拓展: ① worry还可做及物动词,意为“使担忧;使发愁”,后可接名词、代词或从句作宾语。
E.g. I worry that I will lose the game. 我担心我会输了这场比赛。
② worry还可作可数名词,意为“令人担忧的事;让人发愁的事”。
E.g. You don't need to have any worries about money. 你不需要担心钱的事。
3) worry的形容词有两个:
worrying 意为“令人担心的”。worried 意为“感到担心的”。
be worried about = worry about 意为“担心某人/事”。
E.g. It is worrying that it has been raining for a week. 已经下了一个星期的雨,这真令人担心。
People are worried about losing their jobs. 人们担心失业。
【练习】
A mother always worries about her child. (改为同义句)
A mother is always her child.
知识点13 Join me and let's make a difference together. 加入我,让我们一起有所作为。 (教材P26)
make a difference意为“起作用;产生影响;有关系”。
E.g. Changing schools makes a big difference to my life. 转学对我的生活有很大影响。
拓展: make much/some/no difference(to sb./sth.) 意为“对(某人/事)有很大/一些/没有影响、关系或作用”。
E.g. The rain doesn't make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没多大影响。
【练习】
1. want, make a difference, to, I
.
2.“幸运儿”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。
Lucky makes a difference my life.
知识点14 People heve to make full use of water. 人们不得不充分利用水资源。(教材P27)
use n. 意为“用;使用”。
make use of 利用.......;使用...... , use前可加形容词,如good, full, better等
E.g. Let' s make good use of our time. 让我们好好利用我们的时间。
We can make better use of the money. 我们可以更好地使用这笔钱。
链接:① use还可作动词,意为“使用;利用”。
常用短语:use...to do sth. 用......来做某事
use...for (doing) sth. 用......做某事
E.g. We can use computers to study English. 我们可以用电脑来学习英语。
We can use a carrot for the snowman's nose. 我们可以用萝卜做雪人的鼻子。
② use的形容词形式为useful, 意为“有用的”。
E.g. This is a very useful book. 这是一本非常有用的书。
辨析:use 和with
单词
词性
意思
用法
use
动词
使用
在句中作谓语,表示用途。
with
介词
用
在句中作状语,表示方式。
E.g. I use the pen to write. 我用这支钢笔写字。
I write with a pen. 我用一支钢笔写字。
【练习】
We should make ________ use of every minute in order to make our dream come true.
A.proper B.simple C.usual
知识点15 The Qinghai Lake covers about 4,600 square kilometers. 青海湖的面积大约4600平方千米。(教材28)
cover v. 意为“覆盖;遮盖”。
拓展: cover的常见用法如下:
cover
动词
词义:覆盖;遮盖/涉及;涵盖/行走(一段路程)
常用短语:cover sb./sth. with sth. 用···覆盖···(表示动作)
be covered with/in... 被···覆盖(表示状态)
名词
覆盖物;躲避处;庇护所/封面,封皮
E.g. The grass covers the mountain. (作动词) 草覆盖着高山。
We must cover 3 kilometers every day. 我们必须每天行走3千米。
She covers her face with her hands. (表示动作) 她双手掩面。
The ground is covered with/in snow. (表示状态) 大地被白雪覆盖着。
What's on the cover of the book? 书的封面上是什么?
【练习】
1. The father was asleep; the child found a coat and covered him ________ it.
A.through B.across C.with D.past
2.The sky was covered ________ dark clouds, and there would be a storm.
A.as B.for C.to D.with
知识点16 The Atlantic Ocean covers more than 93,363,000 square kilometers. 大西洋的面积超过93363000平方千米。(教材P28)
more than 在此处意为“超过;多于”,常用于数词前,相当于over。
E.g. Mr. Li is more than 40 years old. 李老师四十多岁。
拓展: more than的其他意思:“不只是;不仅仅是”/“极其;非常”
E.g. She is more than my friend, she is my teacher. 她不只是我的朋友,还是我的老师。
He is more than happy at the news. 他听到那个消息非常开心。
【练习】
He has more than 500 pictures. (改为同义句)
He has 500 pictures.
知识点17 Antarctica is about 14,200,000 square kilometers in size, and ice covers about 98 percent of the land.南极面积大约14,200,000平方千米,其中98%的陆地被冰覆盖。(教材P28)
1) per cent = percent n. 意为“百分之......”,其后不加-s, 常用于“数词+percent+of+名词”结构中,其中,of 后的名词可以是可数名词复数,也可以是不可数名词;此结构在句中作主语时,谓语由of后的名词的单复数决定。
E.g. 30 per cent/percent of the water is from rainwater. 百分之三十的水来自雨水。
90 per cent/percent of the students want to have a picnic. 百分之九十的学生想去野餐。
2) land n. 意为“陆地,大地;地带,土地”。常用作不可数名词。
常用短语: on land 在陆地上 by land 走陆路
E.g. Without ice, they have to stay on land. 没有了冰,它们只能待在陆地上。
We plan to travel by land because it is cheap. 我们打算走陆路,因为便宜。
拓展: land还可作动词,意为“着陆;登陆”。
E.g. My plane will land in 15 minutes. 我的飞机15分钟后着陆。
【练习】
1. In my classroom, 60 percent of the students ________ boy students. And most of them ________ tall and handsome.
A.are; is B.is; are C.are; are D.is; is
2.Ninety percent of mountains ________ green and eighty percent of water ________ clean in our town.
A.is; is B.are; are C.is; are D.are; is
3. I promise I will phone my family as long as my plane _________ at the airport.
A.will land B.is landing C.landed D.lands
知识点18 Xiao Ya is knocking on the door. 肖雅正在敲门。(教材P28)
knock v. 意为“敲;击”,常与介词on/at搭配。knock on/at... 意为“敲···”。
E.g. He knocked three times and waited. 他敲了三下门就等着。
Listen! Someone is knocking on/at the window. 听!有人正在敲窗户。
拓展: ① knock的相关短语:
knock over 打翻;撞到 knock into 撞上 knock at/on 敲(门)
② knock还可作可数名词,意为“敲击声;敲门(或窗等)声”。
E.g. There is a knock on/at the door. 有敲门声。
【练习】
—Listen! Someone ________ at the door. Could you open the door, please?
—Sure. I’m coming, Mum.
A.knocks B.is knocking C.is coming D.comes
知识点19 Watch your step. 当心脚下。(教材P28)
step n. 意为“迈步;步骤;阶段;台阶”。
E.g. He walks in a quick light step. 他迈着轻快的步子走着。
Making a list of shopping is the first step to save money. 列购物清单是省钱的第一步。
拓展: step还可作动词,意为“踩;踏;行走”。
E.g. I'm sorry to step on your feet. 对不起踩到你的脚了。
知识点20 Never keep the water running. 不要让水一直流淌。(教材P28)
keep sb./sth. doing sth. 意为“让某人/某物一直做某事”。
E.g. It's too cold. Keep the fire burning. 太冷了,让火一直燃着吧。
知识点21 No littering. 禁止乱扔。(教材P28)
litter v. 意为“乱扔”。
E.g. Lots of books and newspapers littered the floor. 地板上乱七八糟地堆了许多书和报纸。
拓展: litter还作不可数名词,意为“(在公共场所乱扔的)垃圾,废弃物,杂物”。
E.g. Don't throw litter on the ground. 别把垃圾扔在地上。
【练习】
You mustn’t throw litter around. (改为同义句)
around.
单元语法
一、数词(Numbers)
1. 英语中多位数的读法
1) 101-999
(1) 整百:先读百位数,再加上“hundred”。
E.g. 900读作:five hundred
(2) 几百几:先读百位数字,再加上“hundred”, 然后读十位和个位数字。
E.g. 999读作:nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
注意: 在英式英语中百位数和十位数或个位数之间用“and”连接,美式英语中一般不用。
E.g. 365读作:three hundred and sixty-five (英式英语)
three hundred sixty-five (美式英语)
2) 1,000以上
四位数及以上的数字,我们从右往左每三位用一个逗号隔开。第一个逗号前的数字按三位数的读法读,然后再分别加上“thousand (千)” “million (百万)” “billion (十亿)”等单位。
E.g. 9,999读作:nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
99,999读作:ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
999,999读作:nine hundred (and) ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
9,999,999 读作:nine million nine hundred (and) ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
99,999,999读作:ninety-nine million nine hundred (and) ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
999,999,999读作:nine hundred and ninety-nine million nine hundred (and) ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
9,999,999,999读作:nine billion nine hundred and ninety-nine million nine hundred (and) ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
3) 特殊读法
(1) 1,000读作:a thousand 或 one thousand
E.g. 1,000,000读作:a million 或 one million
1,000,000,000读作:a bilion 或 one billion
(2) 四位数的年份的读法:
① 常把四位数分成两个两位数读。
E.g. 2024读作:twenty twenty-four
② 如果千位数后有三个数字0,先读千位数,再加“thousand”。
E.g. 2000读作:two thousand
③ 如果后两位数都是数字0,前两位数读成十位数,再加“hundred”。
E.g. 1900读作:nineteen hundred
④ 如果第二位数是数字0,可读成十位数加字母O, 再加个位数,也可以直接读成千位数。
E.g. 2008 读作:twenty O eight 或 two thousand and eight
二、祈使句 (Imperative sentences)
1) 概念: 祈使句通常用来表达命令、请求、建议、禁止等意思,其谓语动词常用原形。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you, 但往往省略。句末常用句号(.),有时为加强语气用感叹号(!)。
E.g. Be careful. 小心点。
Let's go! 走吧!
2) 祈使句的句型结构:
肯定句
实义动词原形+其他.
Stand up. 起立。
Come here. 过来。
Be动词+其他
(形容词、名词等).
Be quite! 安静!
Be a good child. 要做一个好孩子。
Let+宾语+动词原形+ 其他.
Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
Let's go shopping. 让我们去购物吧。
否定句
Don’t或 Do not +
实义动词原形+其他.
Don’t run in the classroom. 不要在教室里跑。
Don’t或 Do not + be动词+其他.
Do not be late. 一定不要迟到。
以let开头的祈使句
以let开头的祈使句后跟名词或第一、第三人称代词的宾格变否定时,可在let前加don’t, 也可在let后的名词或代词的宾格之后加not。
Don't let me go shopping with you tomorrow.
= Let me not go shopping with you tomorrow.
不要让我明天和你一起去购物。
Let her not come.
让她别来。
以let’s开头的祈使句的否定形式必须在let’s后加not。
Let’s not waste water.
我们不要浪费水。
Never + 动词原形
+ 其他.
Never lie to me. 永远不要对我说谎。
3) 特殊的祈使句
(1)在告示牌或警示语中还可用“名词(短语)”或“No+名词/动名词”表示禁止做某事。
E.g. Danger! 危险!
No photograph. = Don't take photos. 禁止拍照。
No talking. = Don't talk. 禁止交谈。
(3) 一般来说, 祈使句总是以动词原形开头。但是在某些场合,某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号,也可作为祈使句使用。
E.g. Attention! 请注意!
A bowl of noodles, please. 请来一碗面。
A little fast, please. 请稍微快一点。
4) 祈使句中需要注意的一些情况
(1) 有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加do, 表示“务必,一定”。
E.g. Do stop running! 不要跑了!
(2) 有时为了语气更委婉、礼貌一些,可以在句首或句末加上“please(请)”,但是please在句尾时要用逗号隔开。
E.g. Please open the door. 请开门。
Sit down, please. 请坐下。
(3) 在意思较为明显的情况下,可以把谓语动词省去。
E.g. This way, please. 请这边走。
5) 祈使句的答语
回答肯定祈使句
Yes/OK, I will.
回答否定祈使句
Sorry, I/we won't.
表示接受“Let's...” 句式提出的建议
All right./OK./Good idea/That's a good idea./Sounds good./...
E.g. —Put on your warm clothes. It's very cold outside. 穿上暖和的外套,外面很冷。
—OK, I will. 好的,我会的。
—Don't waste water. 不要浪费水。
—Sorry, I won't. 对不起,我不会了。
—Let's go shopping. 我们去购物吧。
—All right. 好的。
【练习】
一、用括号里的数词完成句子。
1. The small village has a population of ______________________________ (5800) people.
2. The library has a total of ______________________________ (46, 210) books on its shelves.
3. The factory plans to produce ______________________________ (80, 000, 000) bottles of water this year
to meet the demand.
4. The distance between the two cities is ______________________________ (36, 950) meters.
5. The government has spent ______________________________ (408, 000, 000) dollars on building new
schools and hospitals.
二、完成句子。
1. Put the books on the shelf. (改为否定句)
_________________________________________
2. Knock on the door before entering. (改为否定句)
_________________________________________
3. Don’t litter in the park. (改为同义句)
_________________________________________
4. We must save water. (用祈使句改写句子)
_________________________________________
5. You mustn’t waste electricity. (用祈使句改写句子)
_________________________________________
➽思维导图
➽基础过关
一、单词拼写
1.Knowing a second language like French is very u for travelling and communicating.
2.Let’s (go) to the park this weekend.
3.The road is w enough for eight cars to pass at the same time.
4.There are (thousand) of books in our library.
5.By 2040, more than 42 (百万)adults, 7 percent of people in the UK, will be too fat.
6.Seventy percent of the students in our class (be) League members.
7.Listen! Someone is (knock) at the door.
8.I wrote down six (step) for making egg pancakes on this piece of paper.
9.Don’t (litter). Keep the school clean and tidy.
10.The mother always (worry) about her son’s study.
二、完成句子
1.You mustn’t throw litter around. (改为同义句)
litter around.
2.He has more than 500 pictures. (改为同义句)
He has 500 pictures.
3.As a matter of fact, listening to class is the most important way to study.
= , listening to class is the most important way to study.
4.go outside, during, I, the, play, break, and (连词成句)
.
5.Don’t talk. (同义句转换)
.
3、 单项选择
( )1. —You ________ play football on the street. It's very dangerous (危险的).
—OK.
A. may not B. needn't C. mustn't D. wouldn't
( )2. We plan to ________ some money to build a new library.
A. spend B. collect C. waste D. worry
( )3.—Let’s ________ some potatoes for lunch.
—Good idea.
A.dig B.dug C.digging D.to dig
( )4. If you don't eat ________ you'll be late for school.
A. quickly enough B. enough quickly C. special enough D. enough fast
( )5. —What's the ________ with you?
—I lost my way home.
A. step B. worry C. fact D. matter
( )6.In my classroom, 60 percent of the students ________ boy students. And most of them ________ tall and handsome.
A.are; is B.is; are C.are; are D.is; is
( )7.—Tom, you can’t answer your phone in class. You must ________.
—Sorry, I won’t do it again.
A.turn off it B.turn it off C.turn on it D.turn it on
( )8.I promise I will phone my family as long as my plane _________ at the airport.
A.will land B.is landing C.landed D.lands
( )9.—Listen! Someone ________ at the door. Could you open the door, please?
—Sure. I’m coming, Mum.
A.knocks B.is knocking C.is coming D.comes
( )10.—_________ do you go to the school library?
—Once a week.
A.How long B.How much C.How often D.How soon
➽能力提升
1、 完形填空。先通读短文,掌握其大意,然后从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
Water is very important in our daily life. We use water to drink, 1 vegetables and wash clothes. However, many people 2 water. Here are some tips to save water:
● 3 the water running when you brush teeth.
● Take 4 showers, not baths.
● Collect rainwater to water plants.
● Don’t throw 5 water bottles with water inside.
Remember, 6 we don’t save water now, there 7 no clean water in the future. Let’s start 8 small things. 9 waste any water! Please tell your friends 10 save water too.
( )1.A.cook B.cooking C.cooks D.to cook
( )2.A.save B.waste C.collect D.reuse
( )3.A.Keep B.Don’t keep C.Keeping D.Not keep
( )4.A.long B.quick C.slow D.warm
( )5.A.empty B.full C.dirty D.clean
( )6.A.if B.because C.so D.but
( )7.A.is B.are C.will be D.was
( )8.A.with B.at C.for D.from
( )9.A.Always B.Usually C.Never D.Sometimes
( )10.A.for B.about C.to D.with
二、阅读理解
A
Hi, young scientists! Are you ready for some fun with science? Doing science experiments is so interesting and it helps us question what we learn, think deeply, and create new ideas. Here is an easy and fun experiment about air pressure (压力) that you can do at home or school. Let’s have a try!
What do we need?
①a glass
②a piece of cardboard (硬纸板)
③some clean water
How can we do it?
Step One: Fill a glass with water.
Step Two: Put a piece of cardboard over the glass.
Step Three: Turn the glass over as quickly as possible.
Step Four: Hold the cardboard for a few seconds.
Step Five: Remove (移走) your hand from the underneath of the glass.
What will happen?
The glass of water is upside down, but the water stays in the glass.
Why does this happen?
This is because air pressure pushes the cardboard onto the glass. There is more air outside the glass than inside, so there is more air pressure outside than inside.
( )1.How many kinds of things do you need to do this experiment?
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.
( )2.What is the second step of the experiment?
A.Putting a piece of cardboard over the glass.
B.Turning the glass over as quickly as possible.
C.Holding the cardboard for a while.
D.Removing your hand from the underneath of the glass.
( )3.What makes the piece of cardboard onto the glass?
A.The hand. B.Air pressure. C.Clear water. D.The glass.
( )4.What is the purpose of the text?
A.To help students develop interest in science.
B.To let students know more about water facts.
C.To talk about the importance of saving water.
D.To call on people to take action to protect water.
B
Water is the most important resource for all living beings on Earth. It is rightly called the “elixir (灵丹妙药) of life”, as no life can live without it. Although nearly 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, only a small part is fresh and fit for drinking. This makes it essential to save water and use it wisely.
Water is needed for many activities in our daily life, such as drinking, cooking, cleaning and farming. Plants, animals and humans all depend on water to live. Farmers need water for growing crops, and industries need water for producing goods. Moreover, water is necessary for keeping us clean and staying healthy. Without water, it is impossible to maintain hygiene (卫生) or prevent diseases.
Sadly, water scarcity (短缺) is a growing problem in many parts of the world. Overuse, pollution, and climate change have made clean water harder to find. Many people still lack access to safe drinking water, which affects their health and quality of life. To protect this precious resource, we must avoid wasting water and keep our rivers and lakes clean.
Water is life. We must save it for ourselves and for future generations.
( )5.Why is water called the “elixir of life”?
A.It supports all life. B.It creates all wealth.
C.It provides all energy. D.It cures many diseases.
( )6.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a use of water in daily life?
A.Drinking. B.Cleaning. C.Farming. D.Transportation.
( )7.What are the main causes of water scarcity mentioned in the passage?
A.Natural disasters and droughts.
B.Poor water management systems.
C.Overuse, pollution, and climate change.
D.Population growth and industrialization.
( )8.What can we infer about the future of water resources?
A.Water will become enough to use.
B.Technology will solve all problems.
C.More protective measures are needed.
D.The situation will improve naturally.
( )9.Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A.Many people still lack access to safe drinking water.
B.Water is needed for many activities in our daily life.
C.Plants, animals and humans all depend on water to live.
D.We should save water for ourselves and future generations.
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Unit 8 Exploring the Topic (探索板块)
主题内容
学习目标
主题范畴:
人与自然→世界不同地区的生态特征与自然景观;热爱与敬畏自然,与自然和谐共生
主题内容:
围绕话题Our Blue Planet展开,学会辨识主旨大意和细节信息,即提取、整理、概括语篇中的主要内容以及支撑性的关键信息。在主题阅读活动中,帮助学生运用本单元所学的思维技能和阅读策略开展主题阅读。在语篇中感知千位数以上基数词的形式、意义和用法观察、归纳祈使句肯定句和否定句的形式、意义和用法;体会、理解祈使句的语气。
1. 语言知识&技能:
(1)运用辨识主旨大意和细节信息的思维技能,绘制主旨与细节图;
(2)运用可视化阅读策略,引导学生通过观察和想象,更好地理解水循环的过程;
(3) 运用可视化阅读策略,构建沙漠中节水行动的视觉化场景;梳理和概括语篇的关键信息和主旨大意,绘制主旨与细节图;
(4)初步具有运用千位数以上基数词和祈使句的能力;在新语境中运用所学语法知识,描述节水行动。
2. 文化意识&思维品质:
(1)基于水循环的知识,认识到水资源的有限性,培养珍惜水资源的意识;
(2)通过谈论沙漠中的节水措施,感悟珍惜水资源的重要性,培养节水意识。
3. 学习策略:
(1)基于水循环的知识,梳理I read、I see in my mind、Now, I understand三个步骤;
(2)运用辨识主旨大意和细节信息的思维技能,梳理和概括语篇的关键信息和主旨大意,绘制主旨与细节图;
(3) 在语篇中感知千位数以上基数词的形式、意义和用法;归纳祈使句肯定句和否定句的形式、意义和用法。
➽自主预习
请预习下列重点单词、短语和句型,并完成下面的表格。
词性
中文
英文
重点单词
名词
1. 水龙头
tap
2. 牙;齿
tooth (pl. teeth)
3. 故事;小说
story
4. 迈步;步骤;阶段
step
5. 事实,真相;现实
fact
6. 百分之······
per cent /percent
7. 陆地,大地;地带,土地
land
8. 门
door
9. 循环
cycle
10. 海岸线;沿海地带
coastline
动词
1. 掘(地);挖(土)
dig
2. 收集;采集
collect
3. 洗
wash
4. 再次使用;重复使用
reuse
形容词
1. 快的;迅速的
quick
2. 有用的;有帮助的
useful
3. 宝贵的
valuable
副词
(用以表示除去了某物);休假;休息
off
数词
1. 六十
sixty
2. 八十
eighty
3. 一千
thousand
4. 十亿
billion
连词
当···的时候;而,然而
while
兼词
1. prep.在..外面 adv.在外面
outside
2. n.淋浴;淋浴间, 淋浴器v.(洗)淋浴
shower
3. v.(用刷子)刷净,刷亮 n.刷子
brush
4. n.关乎......的事情;事情
v.事关紧要;要紧
matter
5. det.足够的,充足的 adv.足够地
enough
6. prep., conj.(比较数量、距离等)多于,少于;(用于引出比较的第二部分)比
than
7. adv.仅一次;一次;曾经
conj.一...就
once
8. modal v.必须
n.必须做(或看、买等)的事
must
9. v.担心,发愁;使担忧,使发愁
n.令人担忧的事;担心,忧虑
worry
10. v.覆盖;遮盖 n.覆盖物;躲避处
cover
11. v.敲;击 n.敲击声;敲门(或窗户)声
knock
12. v.乱扔 n.垃圾
litter
重点短语
中文
英文
中文
英文
1. 变成
turn into
2. 对......有价值
be valuable for turn
3. 关闭;关掉
turn off
4. 开始做某事
start to do sth.
5. 洗澡
take a shower
6. 打扫卫生
do cleaning
7. 实际上
as a matter of
8. 担心;焦急
worry about
9. 有区别;产生影响
make a differenc
10. 充分利用
make full use of
11. 超过
more than
12. 进来
come in
13. 把...放入...里面
put...into...
14. 让(某人/某物)一直做某事/保持某种状态
keep sb./sth. doing sth.
15. 刷牙
brush one' s teeth
16. 一周一次
once a week
17. 洗衣服
do washing
18. 水循环
water cycle
19. 非常少
very few
20. 敲......
knock on...
重点句型
中文
英文
1. 在家,我们用水做饭、洗衣服或者打扫卫生。
At home, we use water to cook, do washing or cleaning.
2. 在户外,我们可以乘船旅行、做水上运动和玩水。
Outside home, we can travel by water, do exercise in water, and have fun with water.
3. 天气晴朗的时候,水会上升到空气中,在空中变成云。
On sunny days, water goes up in the air and turns into clouds in the sky.
4. 快速洗澡。
Take a quick shower.
5. 刷牙时关掉水龙头。
Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth.
6. 事实上,沙漠是许多人的家。
As a matter of fact, the desert is home to many people.
7. 我认识居住在沙漠里的一家人。
I know a family living in the desert.
8. 水对他们来说非常重要和宝贵。
Water is so important and valuable for them.
9. 这家人没有足够的水。
The family don't have enough water.
10. 他们一周只能快速洗一次澡。
They can only take a quick shower once a week.
11.大多数人从地下获得水,因此他们不得不花很多钱挖井。
Most people get water from the underground, so they have to spend a lot of money digging wells.
12. 我不需要担心水(的问题),但现在我开始节约用水了。
I don't need to worry about water, but now I start to save water.
13加入我,让我们一起有所作为。
Join me and let's make a difference together.
14. 非常少的人住在沙漠。
Very few people live in the desert.
15. 人们不得不充分利用水资源。
People have to make full use of water.
16. 大西洋的面积超过93000000平方千米。
The Atlantic Ocean covers more than 93,000,000 square kilometers.
17.肖雅正在敲门。
Xiao Ya is knocking on the door.
18. 不要把废弃物扔进湖里。
Don't put waste into the lake.
19. 当心脚下。
Watch your step.
20. 不要让水一直流淌。
Never keep the water running.
小试牛刀:根据语境及提示完成句子。
1. We should always turn off the tap when we are brushing our teeth.
2. Many people waste water because they think there is enough for everyone.(足够的)
3. To save water, we can collect rainwater and use it for watering plants or cleaning.
4. If you see someone wasting water, don’t be afraid to knock on their door and remind them.
5. Don’t litter on the ground, please.(乱扔垃圾)
➽问题探究
知识点1 At home, we use water to cook, do washing or cleaning. 在家,我们用水做饭、洗衣服或打扫卫生。
(教材P24)
1) wash v. 意为“洗”。 do washing 意为“洗衣服”,可与 do some washing 互换,也可表达为 wash clothes。
E.g. Lili often helps her mother do washing. 丽丽经常帮助她妈妈洗衣服。
拓展: wash the dishes = do the dishes 洗餐具 wash sth. for sb. 为某人洗某物
E.g. I often help my mother wash the dishes. 我经常帮助我妈妈洗餐具。
Yanyan washes the dishes for her mother on weekends. 妍妍在周末帮她妈妈洗碗。
2) do cleaning 意为“打扫卫生”,可与 do some cleaning 互换,也可表达为 clean up。
E.g. I helped my mother do cleaning yesterday. 我昨天帮妈妈打扫卫生了。
We do some cleaning in the classroom every Friday afternoon. 我们每周五下午大扫除。
【题型精讲】
1.Look! Jane is busy in the kitchen. She ________ dishes now.
A.wash B.washes C.washed D.is washing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:看!简正在厨房里忙。她现在正在洗碗。
考查时态。根据“Look! Jane is busy in the kitchen.”可知,此处表示动作正在发生,应用现在进行时,其结构为“be+doing”。故选D。
2.—________ your hands before meals, Tony.
—No problem, Mom.
A.Wash B.Washing C.To wash
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——Tony,饭前要洗手。——没问题,妈妈。
考查祈使句。根据语境可知,此处是在给Tony发出指令,即要求他饭前洗手,所以应该用祈使句,其结构为“动词原形+其他”,故此处应用Wash。故选A。
知识点2 Outside home, we can travel by water, do exercise in water, and have fun with water. 在户外,我们可以乘船旅行,做水上运动和玩水。(教材P24)
outside prep. 意为“在......外面”。
E.g. You can park your car outside ourhouse. 可以把汽车停在我们家屋外。
拓展: outside的其他用法
outside adj. 意为“外部的;在外面的;向外的”。
n. 意为“外部外表(建筑物等的)周围,外围”。
adv. 意为“在外面;向外面”。
E.g. He wants to know more about the outside world. (作形容词) 他想多了解外面的世界。
You can't open the door from the outside. (作名词) 你从外边打不开这个门。
Don't come in. Please wait outside. (作副词) 不要进来,请在外面等。
辨析: outside和out
单词
词性
意思
反义词
out
副词
向外;出来
in
outside
在外面;向外面
inside
E.g. Come out! It's sunny outside! 出来吧!外面天气很晴朗!
【题型精讲】
1. 外面正在下雨。待在家里,不要外出。
It’s raining . Stay in and don’t go out.
【答案】 outside
【详解】根据中英文提示可知,outside“外面”,副词,此句中修饰动词rain。故填outside。
2. go outside, during, I, the, play, break, and (连词成句)
.
【答案】I go outside and play during the break
【详解】根据句子所给单词可知应该是陈述句形式,且时态为一般现在时,分析所给单词:I作主语,go outside动词短语,play动词,and并列连词,go outside and play作谓语,during the break作时间状语放于句末。故答案为I go outside and play during the break“在休息时间,我出去玩耍”。
知识点3 On sunny days, water goes up in the air and turns into clouds in the sky. 天气晴朗的时候,水会上升
到空气里,在空中变成云。(教材P25)
turn...into... 意为“把......变成......”。同义词组:change...into...
E.g. Water can turn into ice below 0℃. 在零度以下水会变成冰。
Please turn English into Chinese. 请把英语翻译成汉语。
拓展: turn的其他用法
turn 实义动词,意为“转身;转动;翻转;转弯”。
系动词,意为“变成”,常指突然之间的变化或颜色变化。
名词,意为“转弯;轮流;机会”。
E.g. She turned to look at me. (作动词) 她转过头来看我。
Please turn to Page 1.(作动词)请翻到第一页。
The leaves turn yellow in autumn. (作系动词) 秋天叶子变黄了。
They do washing in turn. (作名词) 他们轮流洗衣服。
常用短语: turn on 打开 turn off关闭 turn down 调小;拒绝 turn up 调大;出现
in turn依次;轮流 by turns 轮流;交替 turn out结果是
【题型精讲】
1. If the temperature is below 0℃, water turns into ________ in the open air.
A.ice B.steam C.fog D.rain
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果温度低于0℃,水在室外就会结冰。
考查名词辨析。ice冰;steam水蒸气;fog雾;rain雨。结合常识可知,温度低于0℃,户外的水就会变成冰。故选A。
2.—What happened at the end of the story?
—Everyone turned into golden stones.
A.changed into B.developed into C.kept off
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——故事最后发生了什么?——每个人都变成了金石。
考查动词短语。changed into变成;developed into发展成为;kept off(使)不接近。turned into表示“变成”,和changed into同义,故选A。
知识点4 Take a quick shower. 快速洗澡。(教材P26)
1) quick adj. 意为“快的;迅速的”。
E.g. He has a quick breakfast and then goesto school. 他快速吃了早餐,然后去上学。
拓展: quick后加-ly构成副词 quickly, 意为“迅速地;很快地”。
E.g. He answered the questions quickly. 他迅速地回答了这个问题。
辨析: quick, quickly和 fast
单词
词性
意思
用法
quick
形容词
快的
作表语或定语。
quickly
副词
迅速地;快速地
侧重指反应快或表示某事在较短的时间内发生或完成。
fast
既可作形容词也可作副词
快速的(地);飞快的(地)
侧重指人或物体的移动速度快。
E.g. He goes out of the room quickly andruns fast. 他迅速地走出房间,跑得很快。
2) shower n. 意为“淋浴;阵雨”。take/have a shower 意为“洗澡”。
E.g. He usually takes a shower in themorning. 他通常早上洗澡。
There will be a heavy shower thisafternoon. 今天下午会有一阵大雨。
拓展: shower v. 意为“(洗)淋浴;洒落”。
E.g. The boy likes to shower. 这个男孩喜欢洗澡。
【题型精讲】
1. We need to walk ________ to catch the bus.
A.quick enough B.enough quick C.quickly enough
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们得走得够快才能赶上公共汽车。
考查副词和enough的用法。根据“We need to walk ... to catch the bus.”可知,需填入副词quickly,修饰动词walk;enough修饰形容词或副词时,要放在其后。故选C。
2.—Nowadays, I can pay for almost ________ by WeChat or Alipay.
—Me, too. I think it’s a ________ way to pay when we buy things.
A.something; quick B.everything; quick C.everything; quickly
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——现在,我几乎可以用微信或支付宝支付所有东西。——我也是。我认为当我们买东西的时候,这是一种快速的付款方式。
考查不定代词和形容词。something某事;everything所有事;quick快速的;quickly迅速地。根据“I can pay for almost…by WeChat or Alipay.”可知是可以用微信或支付宝支付所有东西;第二空修饰名词“way”用形容词quick。故选B。
3. Mike usually takes ______ shower at about nine o’clock at ______ night.
A.a; the B.a; / C./; the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:迈克通常在晚上九点左右洗个澡。
考查冠词。a一个;the表特指。take a shower“洗澡”;at night“在晚上”。故选B。
知识点5 Turn off the tap while brushing yourteeth. 刷牙时关掉水龙头。(教材P26)
1) turn off 意为“关闭/上(电器、自来水、煤气等)”,是“动词+副词”型短语,其用法如下:
turn+名词+off = turn off +名词 turn+代词+off
反义短语: turn on意为“打开(电器)”。
E.g. I have to get up and turn off the light. = I have to get up and turn the light off. 我必须起床关灯。
The phone is too noisy. Please turn it off now. 手机太吵了。请现在关掉它。
The phone is too noisy. Please turn off it. ( × )
注意: ① turn off/on多指关闭或打开有开关的物体,如电视机、收音机、灯等。
② 动词close (关闭)和open (打开)多指关闭或打开门、窗等。
close open turn on turn off
2) while 在此处作连词,意为“当···的时候;在··期间”,引导时间状语从句。从句的谓语动词常用延续性动词,强调主句和从句的动作同时进行。
E.g. I get home while my parents are cooking. 我到家时我父母正在做饭。
注意: 在while引导的时间状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,并且谓语部分带有be动词时,主语和be动词可以省略。
E.g. Don't watch TV while you are doing your homework.
= Don't watch TV while doing your homework. 做作业时不要看电视。
拓展: ① while 作连词时, 还可意为“然而”,用于连接形成对比的两个句子。
E.g. In China, the people in the north mainly eat noodles while the people in the south feed on rice.
在中国,北方人主要吃面条,而南方人以大米为主食。
② while 还可作名词,意为“一会儿;一段时间”,常用单数形式,与不定冠词a连用。
while常用短语: for a while暂时,一会儿 in a while不久;马上
after a while一会儿之后 once in a while有时;偶尔
E.g. —Can you wait for me for a short while? 你能等我一会儿吗?
—OK! Take your time. 行!不急。
3) brush v. 意为“(用刷子)刷净,刷亮”。
E.g. He is brushing his shoes carefully. 他正在认真地刷他的鞋子。
拓展: brush还可作名词,意为“刷子;画笔”。其复数形式为brushes。
E.g. The painter has all kinds of brushes. 这个画家有各种各样的刷子。
4) tooth n. 意为“牙;齿”。其复数形式为teeth。brush one's teeth意为“刷牙”。
E.g. You should brush your teeth twice a day. 你应该每天刷两次牙。
拓展: 在英语中类似的名词复数变化规则还有:
foot→ feet脚 goose→ geese鹅
【题型精讲】
1.Would you please ________ the fan ________? I feel a little cold.
A.to turn···on B.to turn···off C.turn . . . on D.turn···off
【答案】D
【详解】句意:请把风扇关了行吗?我感觉有点冷。
考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开;turn off关闭。根据“I feel a little cold.”可知,应是关闭风扇,故turn off
符合语境。根据“would you please do sth.”可知,此处应用动词原形。故选D。
2.The radio is too loud. There is a baby _______. Please _______.
A.are sleeping; turn it off B.sleeping; turn off it
C.sleeping; turn it off D.are sleeping; turn off it
【答案】C
【详解】句意:收音机太吵了。有个婴儿在睡觉。请把它关掉。
考查非谓语动词和动词短语。there be sb. doing sth.有某人正在做某事,doing表进行,所以第一空用sleeping。
turn off关上,是“动词+副词”短语,宾语若是人称代词,把人称代词放在短语中间。 故选C。
3. — How fine it is! Let’s play football ________ .
— That sounds good, but we can’t play for too long.
A.for a while B.for a walk C.for a rest
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——天气多好啊!让我们踢一会儿足球。——听起来不错,但是我们不能玩太久。
考查介词短语辨析。for a while一会儿;for a walk散步;for a rest休息一下。根据“Let’s play football”可知
此处指的是踢一会儿足球吧。故选A。
知识点6 Are there any people living in the desert? 有人居住在沙漠中吗?(教材P26)
“There be sb./sth. doing sth.”, 意为“有某人/某物正在做某事。”
E.g. Listen! There is someone singing. 听!有人在唱歌。
Now there are lots of robots doing some dangerous work. 现在,有许多机器人在做危险的工作。
知识点7 As a matter of fact, the desert is home to many people. 事实上,沙漠是许多人的家。(教材P26)
1) matter n. 意为“事情;问题”。
E.g. It's quite another matter. 这完全是另一回事。
拓展: ① matter 作名词时常用于“What's the matter (with sb./sth.)?”句型中,意为“(某人/某物)怎么了?”。
E.g. —What's the matter with you? 你怎么了?
—I have a cold. 我感冒了。
② matter 还可作动词,意为“要紧;有重大影响”。
E.g. —I'm sorry I was late. 很抱歉,我迟到了。—It doesn't matter. 没关系。
2) fact n. 意为“事实”。
E.g. Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
3) as a matter of fact 副词短语,意为“实际上;事实上”,可放于句首或句中,引出一个事实。
可与in fact互换。
E.g. As a matter of fact, running is good for our hearts. 事实上,跑步对我们的心脏有好处。
【题型精讲】
As a matter of fact, he is always ready to help others.(改为同义句)
, he is always ready to help others.
【答案】 In fact
【详解】句意:事实上,他总是乐于助人。as a matter of fact与in fact同义,均表示“事实上”。句首单词首字母需大写。故填In;fact。
知识点8 The family don't have enough water. 这家人没有足够的水。(教材P26)
enough 限定词,意为“足够的,充足的”,可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,可放在名词前、也可放在名词后。
E.g. We don't have enough food and clothes to spend the winter. 我们没有足够的食物和衣服来过冬。
拓展: enough的其他用法
enough
副词
意为“足够地;充分地”,可修饰形容词或副词,放在修饰词之后。
常用结构: be+adj./adv.+enough to do sth. 足够......可以做某事
代词
意为“足够;充分;充足”,在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
E.g. She is old enough to decide for herself. (作副词)她足够大可以自己做决定了。
The food here is delicious. I have had enough. (作代词)这里的食物很美味,我已经吃饱了。
These books aren't enough for me. 这些书对我来说并不够。
【题型精讲】
1. Ben isn’t ________ to finish his homework before 8:00 p.m..
A.enough quick B.quick enough C.enough quickly D.quickly enough
【答案】B
【详解】句意:Ben没有足够快地在晚上8点之前完成作业。
考查形容词及enough后置。quick快的,形容词;quickly快地,副词。be动词后用形容词作表语,enough置于形容词之后。故选B。
2. The door is not ________ for the elephant to pass.
A.wide enough B.widely enough C.enough wide D.enough widely
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这门不够宽,大象过不去。
考查enough和形容词的用法。wide宽的,形容词;widely广泛地,副词。enough修饰形容词或副词时,要后置。根据“The door is not…”可知,此处是描述门不够宽,应用形容词wide作表语,enough修饰wide时要后置。故选A。
知识点9 They can only take a quick shower once a week. 他们一周只能快速洗一次澡。 (教材P26)
once 此处作副词,意为“仅一次;一次”,表示频率。once a week意为“一周一次”。
E.g. I clean the house once a week. 我每周打扫一次房子。
拓展: ① once作副词时, 还可意为“曾;曾经;一度”,常与过去的时态连用。
E.g. Once, there was a man living in the forest. 曾经有一个男人生活在森林里。
② once的相关短语: at once 立即;马上
once again/more 再一次;再次 once upon a time很久以前,从前
【题型精讲】
1. —How often do they take showers in the desert?
—________.
A.Once a week B.For two days C.At 7:00 D.Very quick
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——他们在沙漠里多久洗一次澡?——一周一次。
考查情景交际。Once a week一周一次;For two days持续两天;At 7:00在7点;Very quick非常快。“how often”用于询问做某事的频率,回答应该是表示频率的短语,故选A。
2. —______ do you visit your grandparents?
—Once a week. We usually have a big dinner together.
A.How long B.How soon C.How much D.How often
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你多久看望一次你的祖父母?——一周一次。我们通常一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。
考查特殊疑问词组。How long“多长”,对时间长度或物体长度提问;How soon“多久以后”,通常对将来的时间提问;How much“多少”,对不可数名词的数量或价格提问;How often“多久一次”,对动作发生的频率提问。根据“Once a week.”可知,这是动作发生的频率,用How often进行提问。故选D。
知识点10 During the shower, they must collect the water. 在洗澡期间,他们必须收集水。(教材P26)
1) must 情态动词,意为“必须”。
E.g. You must get to school on time. 你必须按时到校。
辨析: must 和 have to
单词/短语
意思
用法
must
必须
表示主观看法
没有人称、
时态、数的变化
多用于一般现在时,后跟动词原形
mustn't表示“禁止,一定不要”
have to
必须;不得不
表示客观要求
有人称、时态、数的变化
可用于多种时态,可表示过去、现在或将来,后跟动词原形
don't have to
表示“不必”
E.g. We must save every drop of water. 我们必须节约每一滴水。
She has to stay at home because of the bad weather. 由于糟糕的天气,她不得不待在家里。
注意:have to在构成否定句或疑问句时,需要借助助动词do。
E.g. You don't have to get up early. 你不必早起。
—Does she have to do washing now? 她必须现在洗衣服吗?
—No, she doesn't. 不,她不必。
拓展:must作情态动词的用法如下:
must
表示推测,意为“一定;准是”,常指有根据、有把握的推测。
表示“必须;一定”之意,强调说话人的主观看法。
mustn't意为“禁止,不准”,表示强制命令。
E.g. The book must be Li Ming's because his name is on it.
(表推测) 这本书一定是李明的,因为上面有他的名字。
I must work hard. (表观点) 我必须努力学习。
You mustn't swim in the river. (表命令) 河里禁止游泳。
注意: ① 对must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must; 否定回答用needn't或don't have to, 意为“不必”。
E.g. —Must I go now? 我现在必须走吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须走。
—Must I do sports now? 我现在必须做运动吗?
—No, you needn't/don't have to. 不,你不必。
② must只用于表示肯定的推测,不能用于否定推测。表示“不可能”要用can’t。
E.g. The' man can't be Mr. Green. He must be Mr. Black. 这个人不可能是格林先生,他一定是布莱克先生。
2) collect v. 意为“收集;收藏;募捐”。
E.g. My father likes collecting books. 我爸爸喜欢收藏书籍。
They collect money to help poor people. 他们筹集钱是为了帮助穷人。
拓展: collection是collect的名词形式,意为“收集;藏品;募捐”。
E.g. He has a large collection of books. 他有大量的藏书。
【题型精讲】
1. —Must I return the book tomorrow, Leo?
—No, you ________. You can keep it for another two days.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.wouldn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我明天必须还这本书吗,里昂?——不,你不需要。你可以再借两天。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能;needn’t不需要,没必要;mustn’t禁止;wouldn’t不会。根据“Must I return the book tomorrow?”以及“No, you…”可知,以must开头的一般疑问句,作否定回答时应用needn’t。故选B。
2. You ______ worry about this problem. We can help you with it.
A.must B.may not C.can D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你不必担心这个问题。我们会帮助你解决它。
考查情态动词。must必须;may not可能不;can能够;needn’t不必。根据“We can help you with it.”可知,我们会帮助你解决它,因此你没有必要担心,用情态动词needn’t,故选D。
3. We must put litter into the dustbin. (改为一般疑问句)
litter into the dustbin?
【答案】 Must we put
【详解】句意:我们必须把垃圾放进垃圾箱。此处要求改为一般疑问句,需要将情态动词must提前,首字母大写;we“我们”,作主语;put“放”,作谓语动词。故填Must;we;put。
知识点11 Most people get water from the underground, so they have to spend a lot of money digging wells.
大多数人从地下获得水,因此他们不得不花很多钱挖井。(教材P26)
1) dig v. 意为“掘(地);挖(土)”,其现在分词形式为digging。
E.g. You need to dig a hole before planting the tree. 种树之前,你需要挖个坑。
I think I'll do some digging in the garden. 我想我该给花园松松土了。
2) well n. 意为“井;水井”。
E.g. They had to get water from the well in the past. 在过去,他们必须去井里取水。
链接:well的其他用法
well
副词
意为“足够地;充分地”,可修饰动词(短语)。
形容词
意为“健康;身体好”。feel well意为“感觉身体不错”。
感叹词
意为“嗯,好吧”,表示勉强同意。
意为“啊,好啦”,表示惊奇、愤怒或宽慰等。
E.g. She can play the guitar well. (作副词)她吉他弹得很好。
Well done! (作副词)干得好!
I don't feel very well. (作形容词)我感觉身体不太好。
Well, you may be right. (作感叹词)好吧,你也许是对的。
Well, what a nice poster! 啊,多么漂亮的海报啊!
【题型精讲】
—Let’s ________ some potatoes for lunch.
—Good idea.
A.dig B.dug C.digging D.to dig
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——让我们为午餐挖些土豆。——好主意。
考查祈使句的肯定句。根据“Let’s...”可知,let sb. do sth“让某人做某事”,这里应该用动词原形。故选A。
知识点12 I don't need to worry about water, but now I start to save water. 我不需要担心水(的问题),但现在我开始节约用水了。(教材P26)
worry 不及物动词,意为“担心;焦虑”,常和about连用构成短语
worry about sb./(doing) sth., 意为“担心某人/(做)某事”。其中about后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
E.g. Don't worry. Everything will be OK. 不要担心,一切都会好的。
My mother always worries about my health. 我妈妈总是担心我的健康。
拓展: ① worry还可做及物动词,意为“使担忧;使发愁”,后可接名词、代词或从句作宾语。
E.g. I worry that I will lose the game. 我担心我会输了这场比赛。
② worry还可作可数名词,意为“令人担忧的事;让人发愁的事”。
E.g. You don't need to have any worries about money. 你不需要担心钱的事。
3) worry的形容词有两个:
worrying 意为“令人担心的”。worried 意为“感到担心的”。
be worried about = worry about 意为“担心某人/事”。
E.g. It is worrying that it has been raining for a week. 已经下了一个星期的雨,这真令人担心。
People are worried about losing their jobs. 人们担心失业。
【题型精讲】
A mother always worries about her child. (改为同义句)
A mother is always her child.
【答案】 worried about
【详解】句意:母亲总是担心自己的孩子。分析题干,结合题目要求,动词短语worry about意为“担心……”,
等同于“be worried about”,worried意为“担心的”,形容词,作表语;空前已有be动词is,故填worried; about。
知识点13 Join me and let's make a difference together. 加入我,让我们一起有所作为。 (教材P26)
make a difference意为“起作用;产生影响;有关系”。
E.g. Changing schools makes a big difference to my life. 转学对我的生活有很大影响。
拓展: make much/some/no difference(to sb./sth.) 意为“对(某人/事)有很大/一些/没有影响、关系或作用”。
E.g. The rain doesn't make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没多大影响。
【题型精讲】
1. want, make a difference, to, I
.
【答案】I want to make a difference.
【详解】根据所给标点可知,本句为陈述句。分析所给词汇,I作主语,want作谓语,to make a difference作宾语。故填I want to make a difference“我想做出改变”。
2.“幸运儿”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。
Lucky makes a difference my life.
【答案】 big to
【详解】此处是固定搭配,make a difference to“对……产生影响”;big“大的”。故填big;to。
知识点14 People heve to make full use of water. 人们不得不充分利用水资源。(教材P27)
use n. 意为“用;使用”。
make use of 利用.......;使用...... , use前可加形容词,如good, full, better等
E.g. Let' s make good use of our time. 让我们好好利用我们的时间。
We can make better use of the money. 我们可以更好地使用这笔钱。
链接:① use还可作动词,意为“使用;利用”。
常用短语:use...to do sth. 用......来做某事
use...for (doing) sth. 用......做某事
E.g. We can use computers to study English. 我们可以用电脑来学习英语。
We can use a carrot for the snowman's nose. 我们可以用萝卜做雪人的鼻子。
② use的形容词形式为useful, 意为“有用的”。
E.g. This is a very useful book. 这是一本非常有用的书。
辨析:use 和with
单词
词性
意思
用法
use
动词
使用
在句中作谓语,表示用途。
with
介词
用
在句中作状语,表示方式。
E.g. I use the pen to write. 我用这支钢笔写字。
I write with a pen. 我用一支钢笔写字。
【题型精讲】
We should make ________ use of every minute in order to make our dream come true.
A.proper B.simple C.usual
【答案】A
【详解】句意:为了使我们的梦想成真,我们应该充分利用每一分钟。
考查形容词辨析。proper适当的;simple简单的;usual通常的。make proper use of“适度利用”。故选A。
知识点15 The Qinghai Lake covers about 4,600 square kilometers. 青海湖的面积大约4600平方千米。(教材28)
cover v. 意为“覆盖;遮盖”。
拓展: cover的常见用法如下:
cover
动词
词义:覆盖;遮盖/涉及;涵盖/行走(一段路程)
常用短语:cover sb./sth. with sth. 用···覆盖···(表示动作)
be covered with/in... 被···覆盖(表示状态)
名词
覆盖物;躲避处;庇护所/封面,封皮
E.g. The grass covers the mountain. (作动词) 草覆盖着高山。
We must cover 3 kilometers every day. 我们必须每天行走3千米。
She covers her face with her hands. (表示动作) 她双手掩面。
The ground is covered with/in snow. (表示状态) 大地被白雪覆盖着。
What's on the cover of the book? 书的封面上是什么?
【题型精讲】
1. The father was asleep; the child found a coat and covered him ________ it.
A.through B.across C.with D.past
【答案】C
【详解】句意:父亲睡着了;孩子找到一件外套,把它盖在他身上。
考查介词词义辨析。through通过;across穿过;with用;past超过。cover…with…“用……覆盖……”,是固定词组。故选C。
2.The sky was covered ________ dark clouds, and there would be a storm.
A.as B.for C.to D.with
【答案】D
【详解】句意:天空乌云密布,暴风雨就要来了。
考查介词辨析和动词短语。as作为;for为了;to到;with用。根据“The sky was covered ... dark clouds”可知,此处是be covered with短语,意为“被覆盖”,故选D。
知识点16 The Atlantic Ocean covers more than 93,363,000 square kilometers. 大西洋的面积超过93363000平方千米。(教材P28)
more than 在此处意为“超过;多于”,常用于数词前,相当于over。
E.g. Mr. Li is more than 40 years old. 李老师四十多岁。
拓展: more than的其他意思:“不只是;不仅仅是”/“极其;非常”
E.g. She is more than my friend, she is my teacher. 她不只是我的朋友,还是我的老师。
He is more than happy at the news. 他听到那个消息非常开心。
【题型精讲】
He has more than 500 pictures. (改为同义句)
He has 500 pictures.
【答案】over
【详解】句意:他有超过500张图片。more than表示“超过”,over还表示“超过、多于”,可以替换,故填over。
知识点17 Antarctica is about 14,200,000 square kilometers in size, and ice covers about 98 percent of the land.南极面积大约14,200,000平方千米,其中98%的陆地被冰覆盖。(教材P28)
1) per cent = percent n. 意为“百分之......”,其后不加-s, 常用于“数词+percent+of+名词”结构中,其中,of 后的名词可以是可数名词复数,也可以是不可数名词;此结构在句中作主语时,谓语由of后的名词的单复数决定。
E.g. 30 per cent/percent of the water is from rainwater. 百分之三十的水来自雨水。
90 per cent/percent of the students want to have a picnic. 百分之九十的学生想去野餐。
2) land n. 意为“陆地,大地;地带,土地”。常用作不可数名词。
常用短语: on land 在陆地上 by land 走陆路
E.g. Without ice, they have to stay on land. 没有了冰,它们只能待在陆地上。
We plan to travel by land because it is cheap. 我们打算走陆路,因为便宜。
拓展: land还可作动词,意为“着陆;登陆”。
E.g. My plane will land in 15 minutes. 我的飞机15分钟后着陆。
【题型精讲】
1. In my classroom, 60 percent of the students ________ boy students. And most of them ________ tall and handsome.
A.are; is B.is; are C.are; are D.is; is
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在我的教室里,有60%的学生是男学生。他们中的大多数又高又英俊。
考查主谓一致。百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定。students为名词复数,故第一空需are;most of them作主语时,谓语动词用复数,故第二空填are。故选C。
2.Ninety percent of mountains ________ green and eighty percent of water ________ clean in our town.
A.is; is B.are; are C.is; are D.are; is
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在我们镇上,百分之九十的山是绿色的,百分之八十的水是干净的。
考查主谓一致。is单数形式,be动词的一般现在时第三人称单数;are复数形式,be动词的一般现在时复数。根据“Ninety percent of mountains”可知,此处表达的是“百分之九十的山”,中心词mountains是复数形式,所以谓语动词用复数are;“eighty percent of water”表达的是“百分之八十的水”,中心词water是不可数名词,所以谓语动词用单数is。故选D。
3. I promise I will phone my family as long as my plane _________ at the airport.
A.will land B.is landing C.landed D.lands
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我保证,只要我的飞机在机场降落,我就会给家人打电话。
考查时态。as long as引导条件状语从句,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,即“主将从现”,从句主语“my plane”是第三人称单数,谓语land用三单形式。故选D。
知识点18 Xiao Ya is knocking on the door. 肖雅正在敲门。(教材P28)
knock v. 意为“敲;击”,常与介词on/at搭配。knock on/at... 意为“敲···”。
E.g. He knocked three times and waited. 他敲了三下门就等着。
Listen! Someone is knocking on/at the window. 听!有人正在敲窗户。
拓展: ① knock的相关短语:
knock over 打翻;撞到 knock into 撞上 knock at/on 敲(门)
② knock还可作可数名词,意为“敲击声;敲门(或窗等)声”。
E.g. There is a knock on/at the door. 有敲门声。
【题型精讲】
—Listen! Someone ________ at the door. Could you open the door, please?
—Sure. I’m coming, Mum.
A.knocks B.is knocking C.is coming D.comes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——听!有人在敲门。你能开门吗?——当然。我来了,妈妈。
考查动词辨析及时态。knock敲;come来。根据“Could you open the door, please?”可知,是指有人在敲门,排除C、D选项;结合“Listen!”可知,时态用现在进行时am/is/are doing,主语是Someone,be用is。故选B。
知识点19 Watch your step. 当心脚下。(教材P28)
step n. 意为“迈步;步骤;阶段;台阶”。
E.g. He walks in a quick light step. 他迈着轻快的步子走着。
Making a list of shopping is the first step to save money. 列购物清单是省钱的第一步。
拓展: step还可作动词,意为“踩;踏;行走”。
E.g. I'm sorry to step on your feet. 对不起踩到你的脚了。
知识点20 Never keep the water running. 不要让水一直流淌。(教材P28)
keep sb./sth. doing sth. 意为“让某人/某物一直做某事”。
E.g. It's too cold. Keep the fire burning. 太冷了,让火一直燃着吧。
知识点21 No littering. 禁止乱扔。(教材P28)
litter v. 意为“乱扔”。
E.g. Lots of books and newspapers littered the floor. 地板上乱七八糟地堆了许多书和报纸。
拓展: litter还作不可数名词,意为“(在公共场所乱扔的)垃圾,废弃物,杂物”。
E.g. Don't throw litter on the ground. 别把垃圾扔在地上。
【题型精讲】
You mustn’t throw litter around. (改为同义句)
around.
【答案】 Don’t throw litter
【详解】句意:你不应该到处乱扔垃圾。原句可以改写为祈使句,Don’t+do表示“不要做某事”。故填Don’t;throw。
单元语法
一、数词(Numbers)
1. 英语中多位数的读法
1) 101-999
(1) 整百:先读百位数,再加上“hundred”。
E.g. 900读作:five hundred
(2) 几百几:先读百位数字,再加上“hundred”, 然后读十位和个位数字。
E.g. 999读作:nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
注意: 在英式英语中百位数和十位数或个位数之间用“and”连接,美式英语中一般不用。
E.g. 365读作:three hundred and sixty-five (英式英语)
three hundred sixty-five (美式英语)
2) 1,000以上
四位数及以上的数字,我们从右往左每三位用一个逗号隔开。第一个逗号前的数字按三位数的读法读,然后再分别加上“thousand (千)” “million (百万)” “billion (十亿)”等单位。
E.g. 9,999读作:nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
99,999读作:ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
999,999读作:nine hundred (and) ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
9,999,999 读作:nine million nine hundred (and) ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
99,999,999读作:ninety-nine million nine hundred (and) ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
999,999,999读作:nine hundred and ninety-nine million nine hundred (and) ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
9,999,999,999读作:nine billion nine hundred and ninety-nine million nine hundred (and) ninety-nine thousand nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
3) 特殊读法
(1) 1,000读作:a thousand 或 one thousand
E.g. 1,000,000读作:a million 或 one million
1,000,000,000读作:a bilion 或 one billion
(2) 四位数的年份的读法:
① 常把四位数分成两个两位数读。
E.g. 2024读作:twenty twenty-four
② 如果千位数后有三个数字0,先读千位数,再加“thousand”。
E.g. 2000读作:two thousand
③ 如果后两位数都是数字0,前两位数读成十位数,再加“hundred”。
E.g. 1900读作:nineteen hundred
④ 如果第二位数是数字0,可读成十位数加字母O, 再加个位数,也可以直接读成千位数。
E.g. 2008 读作:twenty O eight 或 two thousand and eight
二、祈使句 (Imperative sentences)
1) 概念: 祈使句通常用来表达命令、请求、建议、禁止等意思,其谓语动词常用原形。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you, 但往往省略。句末常用句号(.),有时为加强语气用感叹号(!)。
E.g. Be careful. 小心点。
Let's go! 走吧!
2) 祈使句的句型结构:
肯定句
实义动词原形+其他.
Stand up. 起立。
Come here. 过来。
Be动词+其他
(形容词、名词等).
Be quite! 安静!
Be a good child. 要做一个好孩子。
Let+宾语+动词原形+ 其他.
Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
Let's go shopping. 让我们去购物吧。
否定句
Don’t或 Do not +
实义动词原形+其他.
Don’t run in the classroom. 不要在教室里跑。
Don’t或 Do not + be动词+其他.
Do not be late. 一定不要迟到。
以let开头的祈使句
以let开头的祈使句后跟名词或第一、第三人称代词的宾格变否定时,可在let前加don’t, 也可在let后的名词或代词的宾格之后加not。
Don't let me go shopping with you tomorrow.
= Let me not go shopping with you tomorrow.
不要让我明天和你一起去购物。
Let her not come.
让她别来。
以let’s开头的祈使句的否定形式必须在let’s后加not。
Let’s not waste water.
我们不要浪费水。
Never + 动词原形
+ 其他.
Never lie to me. 永远不要对我说谎。
3) 特殊的祈使句
(1)在告示牌或警示语中还可用“名词(短语)”或“No+名词/动名词”表示禁止做某事。
E.g. Danger! 危险!
No photograph. = Don't take photos. 禁止拍照。
No talking. = Don't talk. 禁止交谈。
(3) 一般来说, 祈使句总是以动词原形开头。但是在某些场合,某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号,也可作为祈使句使用。
E.g. Attention! 请注意!
A bowl of noodles, please. 请来一碗面。
A little fast, please. 请稍微快一点。
4) 祈使句中需要注意的一些情况
(1) 有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加do, 表示“务必,一定”。
E.g. Do stop running! 不要跑了!
(2) 有时为了语气更委婉、礼貌一些,可以在句首或句末加上“please(请)”,但是please在句尾时要用逗号隔开。
E.g. Please open the door. 请开门。
Sit down, please. 请坐下。
(3) 在意思较为明显的情况下,可以把谓语动词省去。
E.g. This way, please. 请这边走。
5) 祈使句的答语
回答肯定祈使句
Yes/OK, I will.
回答否定祈使句
Sorry, I/we won't.
表示接受“Let's...” 句式提出的建议
All right./OK./Good idea/That's a good idea./Sounds good./...
E.g. —Put on your warm clothes. It's very cold outside. 穿上暖和的外套,外面很冷。
—OK, I will. 好的,我会的。
—Don't waste water. 不要浪费水。
—Sorry, I won't. 对不起,我不会了。
—Let's go shopping. 我们去购物吧。
—All right. 好的。
【题型精讲】
一、用括号里的数词完成句子。
1. The small village has a population of ______________________________ (5800) people.
【答案】five thousand eight hundred
【详解】句子中提到“small village”(小村庄),人口数量通常不会太大,因此填入five thousand eight hundred,表示村庄有5800人。
2. The library has a total of ______________________________ (46, 210) books on its shelves.
【答案】forty-six thousand two hundred ten
【详解】句子中提到“library”(图书馆),图书馆的藏书量通常较大,forty-six thousand two hundred ten是一个合理的数字,表示图书馆有46,210本书。
3. The factory plans to produce ______________________________ (80, 000, 000) bottles of water this year to meet the demand.
【答案】eighty million
【详解】句子中提到“factory”(工厂)和“bottles of water”(水瓶),工厂的生产量通常非常大,eighty million表示工厂计划生产8000万瓶水。
4. The distance between the two cities is ______________________________ (36, 950) meters.
【答案】thirty-six thousand nine hundred fifty
【详解】句子中提到“distance”(距离)和“meters”(米),thirty-six thousand nine hundred fifty表示两座城市之间的距离是36,950米。
5. The government has spent ______________________________ (408, 000, 000) dollars on building new schools and hospitals.
【答案】four hundred eight million
【详解】句子中提到“government”(政府)和“dollars”(美元),政府在建设学校和医院上的投资通常非常大,four hundred eight million表示政府投资了4.08亿美元。
二、完成句子。
1. Put the books on the shelf. (改为否定句)
_________________________________________
【答案】Don’t put the books on the shelf.
【详解】祈使句的否定形式是在句首加“Don’t”,表示“不要做某事”。原句是肯定祈使句,改为否定句时直接在句首加“Don’t”即可。
2. Knock on the door before entering. (改为否定句)
_________________________________________
【答案】Don’t knock on the door before entering.
【详解】祈使句的否定形式是在句首加“Don’t”。原句是肯定祈使句,改为否定句时直接在句首加“Don’t”,表示“不要敲门”。
3. Don’t litter in the park. (改为同义句)
_________________________________________
【答案】Keep the park clean. 或 No littering in the park.
【详解】 原句是祈使句的否定形式,表示“不要在公园里乱扔垃圾”。可以改为肯定祈使句“Keep the park clean.”(保持公园干净),或者用“No littering in the park.”(禁止在公园乱扔垃圾)表达相同的意思。
4. We must save water. (用祈使句改写句子)
_________________________________________
【答案】Save water.
【详解】原句“We must save water.”表示“我们必须节约用水”,可以用祈使句直接表达为“Save water.”(节约用水),省略主语,语气更直接。
5. You mustn’t waste electricity. (用祈使句改写句子)
_________________________________________
【答案】Don’t waste electricity.
【详解】原句“You mustn’t waste electricity.”表示“你不能浪费电”,可以用祈使句的否定形式“Don’t waste electricity.”(不要浪费电)来表达相同的意思。
➽思维导图
➽基础过关
一、单词拼写
1.Knowing a second language like French is very u for travelling and communicating.
【答案】(u)seful
【详解】句意:掌握法语等第二语言对于旅行和交流非常有用。根据“for travelling and communicating”和首
字母提示可知,掌握第二语言对于旅行和交流是有用的。useful“有用的”,形容词作表语。故填(u)seful。
2.Let’s (go) to the park this weekend.
【答案】go
【详解】句意:这个周末我们去公园吧。根据“Let’s”可知,接动词原形go,故填go。
3.The road is w enough for eight cars to pass at the same time.
【答案】(w)ide
【详解】句意:这条路很宽,足以让八辆汽车同时通过。根据“for eight cars to pass at the same time”可知,
这条路可以让八辆汽车同时通过,可以推断路很宽。wide意为“宽的”,形容词作表语。故填(w)ide。
4.There are (thousand) of books in our library.
【答案】thousands
【详解】句意:我们图书馆有成千上万的书。thousand前面没有具体数词时,需要与of连用,表示不概数,
词尾须加-s,thousands of“成千上万的”。故填thousands。
5.By 2040, more than 42 (百万)adults, 7 percent of people in the UK, will be too fat.
【答案】million
【详解】句意:到2040年,超过4200万成年人(占英国人口的7%)将过于肥胖。million“百万”,空前有
基数词42,此处填名词单数。故填million。
6.Seventy percent of the students in our class (be) League members.
【答案】are
【详解】句意:我们班70%的学生是团员。此句陈述一个事实,时态为一般现在时,主语Seventy percent of
the students是复数,所以be动词用are。故填are。
7.Listen! Someone is (knock) at the door.
【答案】knocking
【详解】句意:听!有人在敲门。根据“Listen”可知,本句是现在进行时(be doing),动词用现在分词。故填
knocking。
8.I wrote down six (step) for making egg pancakes on this piece of paper.
【答案】steps
【详解】句意:我在这张纸上写下了制作鸡蛋煎饼的六个步骤。根据空前的“six”可知,空处应用可数名词
复数。故填steps。
9.Don’t (litter). Keep the school clean and tidy.
【答案】litter
【详解】句意:不要乱扔垃圾。保持学校干净整洁。litter“乱扔”,动词,该句为祈使句否定形式,don’t后
接动词原形。故填litter。
10.The mother always (worry) about her son’s study.
【答案】worries
【详解】句意:这个妈妈总是担心她儿子的学习。always表示“总是”,通常用于一般现在时之中,主语是
The mother,谓语动词用三单形式。故填worries。
二、完成句子
1.You mustn’t throw litter around. (改为同义句)
litter around.
【答案】 Don’t throw
【详解】句意:你不应该到处乱扔垃圾。原句可以改写为祈使句,Don’t+do表示“不要做某
事”。故填Don’t;throw。
2.He has more than 500 pictures. (改为同义句)
He has 500 pictures.
【答案】over
【详解】句意:他有超过500张图片。more than表示“超过”,over还表示“超过、多于”,
可以替换,故填over。
3.As a matter of fact, listening to class is the most important way to study.
= , listening to class is the most important way to study.
【答案】 In fact
【详解】句意:事实上,听课是最重要的学习方式。as a matter of fact=in fact“事实上”。故
填In;fact。
4.go outside, during, I, the, play, break, and (连词成句)
_______________________________ .
【答案】I go outside and play during the break
【详解】根据句子所给单词可知应该是陈述句形式,且时态为一般现在时,分析所给单词:I作主语,go outside
动词短语,play动词,and并列连词,go outside and play作谓语,during the break作时间状语放于句末。故
答案为I go outside and play during the break“在休息时间,我出去玩耍”。
5.Don’t talk. (同义句转换)
.
【答案】No talking./Be quiet.
【解析】“不要说话”。可以用be型祈使句Be quiet. 也可用No型祈使句No talking.
3、 单项选择
( )1. —You ________ play football on the street. It's very dangerous (危险的).
—OK.
A. may not B. needn't C. mustn't D. wouldn't
【答案】C
【详解】句意为禁止在街上踢足球,这很危险。——好的”。mustn't意为“禁止;不准”。
( )2. We plan to ________ some money to build a new library.
A. spend B. collect C. waste D. worry
【答案】B
【详解】句意为“我们计划筹钱来建一个新的图书馆”。collect意为“收集;募捐”。
( )3.—Let’s ________ some potatoes for lunch.
—Good idea.
A.dig B.dug C.digging D.to dig
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——让我们为午餐挖些土豆。——好主意。
考查祈使句的肯定句。根据“Let’s...”可知,let sb. do sth“让某人做某事”,这里应该用动词原
形。故选A。
( )4. If you don't eat ________ you'll be late for school.
A. quickly enough B. enough quickly C. special enough D. enough fast
【答案】A
【详解】句意为“如果你吃的不够快,你将会上学迟到”。enough修饰形容词或副词需后置;另外修饰动词并表示动作迅速,应用副词“quickly”。
( )5. —What's the ________ with you?
—I lost my way home.
A. step B. worry C. fact D. matter
【答案】D
【详解】由上下文可知此处询问“你怎么了?”应用句子“What's the matter with you?"
( )6.In my classroom, 60 percent of the students ________ boy students. And most of them ________ tall and handsome.
A.are; is B.is; are C.are; are D.is; is
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在我的教室里,有60%的学生是男学生。他们中的大多数又高又英俊。
考查主谓一致。百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定。Students
为名词复数,故第一空需are;most of them作主语时,谓语动词用复数,故第二空填are。
故选C。
( )7.—Tom, you can’t answer your phone in class. You must ________.
—Sorry, I won’t do it again.
A.turn off it B.turn it off C.turn on it D.turn it on
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——汤姆,你不能在课堂上接电话。你必须把它关掉。——对不起,我不会
再这样做了。
考查动词短语。turn off关掉;turn on打开。根据“you can’t answer your phone in class.”可知,
应该说关掉电话,turn off为动副结构,it放中间。故选B。
( )8.I promise I will phone my family as long as my plane _________ at the airport.
A.will land B.is landing C.landed D.lands
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我保证,只要我的飞机在机场降落,我就会给家人打电话。
考查时态。as long as引导条件状语从句,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,即“主将
从现”,从句主语“my plane”是第三人称单数,谓语land用三单形式。故选D。
( )9.—Listen! Someone ________ at the door. Could you open the door, please?
—Sure. I’m coming, Mum.
A.knocks B.is knocking C.is coming D.comes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——听!有人在敲门。你能开门吗?——当然。我来了,妈妈。
考查动词辨析及时态。knock敲;come来。根据“Could you open the door, please?”可知,是
指有人在敲门,排除C、D选项;结合“Listen!”可知,时态用现在进行时am/is/are doing,主
语是Someone,be用is。故选B。
( )10.—_________ do you go to the school library?
—Once a week.
A.How long B.How much C.How often D.How soon
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你多久去一次学校图书馆?——每周一次。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多长时间;How much多少钱;How often多久一次;How soon
多久以后。根据答语“Once a week”可知,问句是询问频率,因此应用How often提问。故选
C。
➽能力提升
1、 完形填空。先通读短文,掌握其大意,然后从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
Water is very important in our daily life. We use water to drink, 1 vegetables and wash clothes. However, many people 2 water. Here are some tips to save water:
● 3 the water running when you brush teeth.
● Take 4 showers, not baths.
● Collect rainwater to water plants.
● Don’t throw 5 water bottles with water inside.
Remember, 6 we don’t save water now, there 7 no clean water in the future. Let’s start 8 small things. 9 waste any water! Please tell your friends 10 save water too.
( )1.A.cook B.cooking C.cooks D.to cook
( )2.A.save B.waste C.collect D.reuse
( )3.A.Keep B.Don’t keep C.Keeping D.Not keep
( )4.A.long B.quick C.slow D.warm
( )5.A.empty B.full C.dirty D.clean
( )6.A.if B.because C.so D.but
( )7.A.is B.are C.will be D.was
( )8.A.with B.at C.for D.from
( )9.A.Always B.Usually C.Never D.Sometimes
( )10.A.for B.about C.to D.with
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C
【导语】本文讲述了水在我们的日常生活中非常重要。然而,许多人浪费水。本文介绍了一些节水的方法,
并号召人们节约用水。
1.句意:我们用水来喝,煮蔬菜和洗衣服。
cook烹饪,动词原形;cooking烹饪,动名词或现在分词;cooks烹饪,第三人称单数形式;to cook烹饪,
动词不定式。根据“We use water to drink”及“vegetables and wash clothes”可知,此处与drink和wash clothes
并列,用动词原形cook,表示“煮蔬菜”。故选A。
2.句意:然而,许多人浪费水。
save节约;waste浪费;collect收集;reuse再利用。根据下文“Here are some tips to save water”可知,此处介
绍的是节水的方法,所以说明许多人浪费水。故选B。
3.句意:刷牙时不要让水一直开着。
Keep保持,使处于某种状态;Don’t keep不要保持;Keeping动名词或现在分词;Not keep形式错误。根据
“Here are some tips to save water”可知,这里介绍的是节水的方法,所以刷牙时不要一直开着水龙头,这是一
个祈使句的否定形式,用don’t+动词原形。故选B。
4.句意:快速淋浴,不要泡澡。
long长的;quick快的;slow慢的;warm温暖的。根据“not baths”可知,此处与泡澡相对,表示洗淋浴,淋
浴一般时间较短,用quick修饰。故选B。
5.句意:不要扔掉里面装水的满瓶。
empty空的;full满的;dirty脏的;clean干净的。根据“with water inside”可知,瓶子里有水,所以是满的。
故选B。
6.句意:记住,如果我们现在不节约用水,将来就没有干净的水了。
if如果;because因为;so所以;but但是。根据“we don’t save water now, there...no clean water in the future”
可知,前后句是条件关系,用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
7.句意:记住,如果我们现在不节约用水,将来就没有干净的水了。
is是,一般现在时,第三人称单数形式;are是,一般现在时,复数形式;will be将是,一般将来时;was
是,一般过去时。根据“in the future”可知,此处表示将来的情况,用一般将来时。故选C。
8.句意:让我们从小事做起。
with和……一起;at在……;for为了;from从……。根据“small things”可知,此处表示“从小事做起”,start
with“以……开始”。故选A。
9.句意:不要浪费任何水!
Always总是;Usually通常;Never从不;Sometimes有时。根据“waste any water”及上文的节水方法可知,
此处表示“不要浪费水”,用never表示“从不”。故选C。
10.句意:请告诉你的朋友们也节约用水。
for为了;about关于;to给,向;with和……一起。根据“tell your friends...save water too”可知,此处表示“告
诉你的朋友们也节约用水”,tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”,用to。故选C。
二、阅读理解
A
Hi, young scientists! Are you ready for some fun with science? Doing science experiments is so interesting and it helps us question what we learn, think deeply, and create new ideas. Here is an easy and fun experiment about air pressure (压力) that you can do at home or school. Let’s have a try!
What do we need?
①a glass
②a piece of cardboard (硬纸板)
③some clean water
How can we do it?
Step One: Fill a glass with water.
Step Two: Put a piece of cardboard over the glass.
Step Three: Turn the glass over as quickly as possible.
Step Four: Hold the cardboard for a few seconds.
Step Five: Remove (移走) your hand from the underneath of the glass.
What will happen?
The glass of water is upside down, but the water stays in the glass.
Why does this happen?
This is because air pressure pushes the cardboard onto the glass. There is more air outside the glass than inside, so there is more air pressure outside than inside.
( )1.How many kinds of things do you need to do this experiment?
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.
( )2.What is the second step of the experiment?
A.Putting a piece of cardboard over the glass.
B.Turning the glass over as quickly as possible.
C.Holding the cardboard for a while.
D.Removing your hand from the underneath of the glass.
( )3.What makes the piece of cardboard onto the glass?
A.The hand. B.Air pressure. C.Clear water. D.The glass.
( )4.What is the purpose of the text?
A.To help students develop interest in science.
B.To let students know more about water facts.
C.To talk about the importance of saving water.
D.To call on people to take action to protect water.
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个有趣的实验,目的是为了培养学生们的科学兴趣。
1.细节理解题。根据“What do we need?”下面的“①a glass ②a piece of cardboard③some clean water”可知,一共需要三种材料。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据“How can we do it?”下面的“Step Two: Put a piece of cardboard over the glass.”可知,第二步是在玻璃杯上盖一块硬纸板。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This is because air pressure pushes the cardboard onto the glass.”可知,大气压将硬纸板推到玻璃杯上。故选B。
4.推理判断题。文章介绍了一个有趣的实验,目的是培养学生们对科学的兴趣。故选A。
B
Water is the most important resource for all living beings on Earth. It is rightly called the “elixir (灵丹妙药) of life”, as no life can live without it. Although nearly 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, only a small part is fresh and fit for drinking. This makes it essential to save water and use it wisely.
Water is needed for many activities in our daily life, such as drinking, cooking, cleaning and farming. Plants, animals and humans all depend on water to live. Farmers need water for growing crops, and industries need water for producing goods. Moreover, water is necessary for keeping us clean and staying healthy. Without water, it is impossible to maintain hygiene (卫生) or prevent diseases.
Sadly, water scarcity (短缺) is a growing problem in many parts of the world. Overuse, pollution, and climate change have made clean water harder to find. Many people still lack access to safe drinking water, which affects their health and quality of life. To protect this precious resource, we must avoid wasting water and keep our rivers and lakes clean.
Water is life. We must save it for ourselves and for future generations.
( )5.Why is water called the “elixir of life”?
A.It supports all life. B.It creates all wealth.
C.It provides all energy. D.It cures many diseases.
( )6.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a use of water in daily life?
A.Drinking. B.Cleaning. C.Farming. D.Transportation.
( )7.What are the main causes of water scarcity mentioned in the passage?
A.Natural disasters and droughts.
B.Poor water management systems.
C.Overuse, pollution, and climate change.
D.Population growth and industrialization.
( )8.What can we infer about the future of water resources?
A.Water will become enough to use.
B.Technology will solve all problems.
C.More protective measures are needed.
D.The situation will improve naturally.
( )9.Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A.Many people still lack access to safe drinking water.
B.Water is needed for many activities in our daily life.
C.Plants, animals and humans all depend on water to live.
D.We should save water for ourselves and future generations.
【答案】5.A 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.D
【导语】本文主要介绍了水资源的相关情况,并呼吁人们保护水资源。
5.细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is rightly called the ‘elixir of life’, as no life can live without it.”可知,水被称为“长生不老药”,是因为它维持所有的生命。故选A。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Water is needed for many activities in our daily life, such as drinking, cooking, cleaning and farming.”可知,我们日常生活中的许多活动都需要水,如饮用、烹饪、清洁和耕种,未提到运输。故选D。
7.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Overuse, pollution, and climate change have made clean water harder to find.”可知,文章中提到的水资源短缺的主要原因是过度使用、污染和气候变化。故选C。
8.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We must save it for ourselves and for future generations.”可推知,未来需要更多保护水资源的措施。故选C。
9.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了水资源的相关情况,并呼吁人们保护水资源。故选D。
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