热点05 建设航天强国（四大题型）-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（北京专用）

热点05 建设航天强国（四大题型） 嫦娥六号探测器（Chang'e-6 lunar probe）是中国航天科技集团有限公司抓总研制的嫦娥探月计划第六个探测器]。2024年5月3日17时27分，嫦娥六号探测器由长征五号遥八运载火箭在中国文昌航天发射场成功发射，准确进入地月转移轨道，发射任务取得圆满成功；6月2日，嫦娥六号成功着陆在月球背面南极-艾特肯盆地预选着陆区，开启人类探测器首次在月球背面实施的样品采集任务]；6月4日7时38分，嫦娥六号上升器携带月球样品自月球背面起飞，3000牛发动机工作约6分钟后，成功将上升器送入预定环月轨道]。6月6日，嫦娥六号上升器成功与轨道器和返回器组合体完成月球轨道交会对接，随后将月球样品容器安全转移至返回器中[7]。6月25日14时07分，嫦娥六号返回器准确着陆于内蒙古四子王旗预定区域，工作正常，标志着探月工程嫦娥六号任务取得圆满成功，实现世界首次月球背面采样返回。 神舟十九号，简称“神十九”，为中国载人航天工程发射的第十九艘飞船。2023年10月，中国载人航天工程办公室消息，经任务总指挥部决定，执行神舟十九号载人飞行任务的航天员乘组由蔡旭哲、宋令东、王浩泽3名航天员组成，蔡旭哲担任指令长。2024年10月30日4时27分，搭载神舟十九号载人飞船的长征二号F遥十九运载火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心点火发射，约10分钟后，神舟十九号载人飞船与火箭成功分离，进入预定轨道，航天员乘组状态良好，发射取得圆满成功[4]。 我们培养造就了一支特别能吃苦、特别能战斗、特别能攻关、特别能奉献的高素质人才队伍，培育铸就了伟大的载人航天精神。广大航天人展现出了坚定的理想信念、高昂的爱国热情、强烈的责任担当、良好的精神风貌，你们不愧是思想过硬、技术过硬、作风过硬的英雄团队。——习近平 （建议用时：60分钟） 阅读理解 Passage 1 China's historic 23-day Chang'e 5 mission has not only obtained precious rock and soil samples from the moon, but has also brought back a group of seeds that traveled the furthest in the nation's agricultural and forestry histories. More than 30 kinds of seeds, including that of rice, oats etc., were placed inside the multi-module Chang'e 5 spacecraft and orbited around the moon for about 15 days. Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial (地外的) forces in lunar orbit and also hoped that they could develop beneficial mutations (突变). This mission offered good opportunities to scientists, which enabled them to deepen their studies on the effect of cosmic rays on the growth and evolution of life on Earth. Space-based mutation breeding refers to the process of exposing seeds to forces such as microgravity, vacuums and cosmic radiation during a spaceflight and then sending them back to Earth for further observation and planting. Researchers observe and examine several generations of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate their mutations-some are positive and desirable while others are negative. Those with positive mutations will be kept and analyzed, and will be introduced to farmers after their certification and approval. Space breeding can generate mutations faster and more conveniently than ground-based experiments and can bring about some desirable traits that are otherwise hard to introduce. Compared with natural or conventionally bred types of plants, space-developed versions with positive mutations usually feature higher nutritional content, greater annual yields, shorter growth periods and better resistance to diseases and insect pests. China conducted its first space breeding experiment in 1987, using a satellite to carry seeds into space. Since then, hundreds of kinds of seeds and seedlings have traveled with dozens of Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scale cultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits. The Chang'e 5 robotic mission returned 1,731 grams of lunar rock and soil to Earth, marking a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back. 1．Why were the seeds placed inside Chang'e 5? A．To pick out the fittest for mutations. B．To understand extraterrestrial forces. C．To study the intensity of cosmic rays. D．To expose them to a special environment. 2．What do we know about space-based mutation breeding? A．It is not a time-consuming process. B．Mutations develop in a random way. C．It often brings about desirable effects. D．Approval will be granted to mutated plants. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．It is a custom to put seedlings on a spacecraft. B．China was the first to do a space breeding experiment. C．It is some time since seeds were last taken into space. D．Space breeding has brought us commercial benefits. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances B．Chang'e 5 Returns with a Big Package C．Plant Mutations Result in a Better Life D．Seeds from Space Mark a New History Passage 2 China launched a large robotic spacecraft on Nov. 24, 2020 at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in South China's Hainan province, tasking it with landing on the moon and bringing back lunar samples, 44 years after the last time such substances were brought back to Earth. If everything proceeds smoothly, about 2 kilograms of stones and soil will be collected and packed in a vacuum metal container. The entire mission is scheduled to last about 23 days, according to the China National Space Administration. Considering these highly sophisticated operations, Chang'e 5 will be more difficult and challenging than previous Chinese lunar expeditions, designers have said. According to a statement published by the space administration, the Chang'e 5 mission is intended to fulfill several objectives. In terms of space engineering, it will demonstrate technical plans and apparatus for autonomous lunar sampling and packing and moon-based launching, as well as lunar orbital docking. In the scientific field, it will investigate the landing site's features, and enable scientists to analyze the lunar samples' structure and physical traits so they can deepen their research into the moon's origin and evolution. It added that the mission also will help to foster the country's knowledge, technology and talent pool for its future manned missions to the moon and other deepspace expeditions. Pei Zhaoyu, spokesman for the Chang'e 5 mission, said if the mission becomes successful, it will be a milestone in the nation's lunar exploration and will show the world China's scientific, technological and engineering capabilities. Furthermore, Chang'e 5 will strengthen the nation's status and influence in the international space community, pave the way for the country's future lunar expeditions and boost its space science, and will offer more opportunities to lunar researchers around the world. Scientists around the world are welcome to participate in the research related to the lunar samples brought back by the mission. China will publish a set of guidelines about the use and distribution of the samples after the mission. 1．What can we learn about the mission of Chang'e 5? A．It was exactly the same as 44 years ago. B．It will help to complete space walking. C．It aims to bring back lunar samples. D．It will try to land on the moon for the first time. 2．What does the underlined word "sophisticated" mean in Para 2? A．impossible B．complex C．ambitious D．effective 3．What will the success of the Chang'e 5 convey to the world according to Pei? A．The first nation to bring lunar samples back in the world. B．A further step in understanding the evolution of the earth C．More competition in lunar expeditions with other countries. D．China's scientific, technological and engineering abilities. 4．What's the best title of the passage? A．The landmark mission of Chang'e 5. B．A new guideline from the moon samples. C．New opportunities to lunar researchers D．China's scientific contributions. Passage 3 An exciting landing process of Chang'e-4 lunar probe (月球探测器 ) was seen through the monitor at Beijing Aerospace Control Center in Beijing, Jan. 3, 2019. It touched down on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a.m. Beijing Time, becoming the first spacecraft soft-landing on the moon's unknown side never visible from Earth. China's Chang'e-4 probe has started the exploration on the far side of the moon thanks to the relay satellite that provides a communication link with ground control. The relay satellite, named Queqiao, meaning Magpie Bridge, after a Chinese legend (传说 ) , was launched on May 21, 2018, and became the first communication satellite operating in the halo orbit, nearly 500,000 km from the earth. It can also provide communication for probes from other countries. The relay satellite will also be used for scientific and technological experiments. The maximum distance between the satellite and the Chang'e-4 probe on the far side of the moon is 79,000 km. The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth. The satellite can stay in its orbit for a long time due to its relatively low fuel consumption, as the earth's and moon's gravity balances its orbital moving. While in orbit, it can "see" both the earth and the far side of the moon. The concept of using a relay satellite in the halo orbit was first put forward by U.S. space experts in the 1960s, but was realized by Chinese space engineers. Researchers hope to use the cameras on the satellite to record asteroids (小行星 ) hitting the far side of the moon. To control the cost of the Chang'e-4 probe, the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small, weighing about 400 kg. Researchers had just 30 months to develop the satellite, putting them under high pressure. To promote public interest in space exploration, the China National Space Administration invited people to write down their wishes for lunar and space exploration, and the relay satellite carries the names of tens of thousands of participants and their messages. 1．What do we learn from the second paragraph? A．The relay satellite was launched on Jan. 3, 2019. B．Chang'e-4 probe was the first communication satellite. C．The relay satellite only explores the far side of the moon. D．The relay satellite can handle data from Chang'e-4 probe. 2．Why was the size of the relay satellite relatively small? A．To reduce the cost as much as possible. B．To make it circle Moon for a longer time. C．To avoid being crashed by other satellites. D．To follow American space experts' advice.’ 3．What made researchers suffer from great stress? A．Few people interested in the exploration on the moon. B．The relay satellite carrying too much equipment. C．Their lacking enough time to develop the relay satellite. D．People's never being optimistic about the relay satellite. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．China is a new space power after the USA． B．Chang'e-4 probe lands on Moon's far side. C．Chinese space engineers make much progress. D．Space exploration is a dangerous challenge. Passage 4 （24-25高三上·贵州·阶段练习）Wang Haoze, a crew member of the Shenzhou XIX mission and China’s first female spaceflight engineer, studied energy and power engineering at Southeast University before receiving a bachelor’s degree in 2012 and then continued to take part in a three-year postgraduate program in thermal engineering at the same school. Before her graduation, Wang submitted her resume to the Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute. At the institute, Wang was part of the research and development of new models of rocket engines, a new field that she had never been involved in. Faced with new challenges and knowledge, she enjoyed learning and overcoming difficulties, which appeared as an intriguing game to her. Hard work and perseverance always pay off. She gradually became the backbone of her team. Three years after working on rocket engines, she was told by human resources colleagues that the country would recruit the third generation of astronauts. Wang and 17 male candidates were selected and divided into three groups: seven spacecraft pilots, another seven spaceflight engineers and four mission payload specialists. At the Astronaut Center of China, Wang has faced grueling challenges. She has spent tough times with teammates in survival drills in deserts and at sea, and has endured a 72-hour sleepless test. Despite the difficulties, she said she has never considered quitting. Looking into her first orbital journey, the astronaut said: “I want to float inside Tiangong to experience the excitement of weightlessness. I also hope that I can complete each and every task successfully and make our ‘space home’ better. ” 1．What did Wang Haoze major in before 2012? A．Space engineering. B．Thermal engineering. C．Aerospace propulsion. D．Energy and power engineering. 2．What can be learned about Wang from paragraph 2? A．She did research into rocket engines before. B．She shrank from difficulties she encountered. C．She played a key role in her team at the institute. D．She saw an astronaut recruitment advertisement. 3．What can be used to describe Wang Haoze? A．Courageous and humble. B．Determined and generous. C．Perseverant and determined. D．Approachable and influential. 4．What can we infer about Wang? A．Wang handles the test easily. B．Wang desires for her space mission. C．Wang wants to abandon her training. D．Wang contributes a lot to space fields. Passage 5 （24-25高二上·河南南阳·阶段练习）The Tianzhou 8 robotic cargo ship was launched on Friday night in Hainan province, becoming the last spacecraft to visit China’s Tiangong space station this year. With the cargo vessel on top of it, a Long March 7 carrier rocket lifted off at 11:13 pm local time from a launch service tower at the Wenchang Space Launch Center, according to the China Manned Space Agency. After a short flight, the rocket placed the Tianzhou 8 into its preset low-Earth orbit and the solar wings on the cargo ship unfolded, marking the successful completion of the launch mission, the agency said. The spacecraft is scheduled to approach and then dock with the space station’s Tianhe core module within three hours after its launch. As the 15th spaceship to visit Tiangong, Tianzhou 8 is tasked with resupplying propellants (n. [航]推进剂) to the Chinese space station and delivering living and work necessities for the Shenzhou XIX astronauts, who have been in orbit for two weeks. The materials inside the cargo vessel are sufficient to support a three-member crew for nine months, according to its designers at the China Academy of Space Technology. Tianzhou 8’s predecessor, Tianzhou 7, was unlocked from the Tiangong space station on Sunday and started a period of solo flight. It is programmed to fall back to Earth soon, and most of the spaceship will burn up during reentry, although a small amount of debris is expected to fall into secure areas in the South Pacific Ocean, according to the director Mr Ma from the space agency. Orbiting Earth at a distance of around 400 kilometers, Tiangong has three permanent parts — a core module (n. [航天器的]舱) and two science capsules — and is regularly connected to several visiting crew and cargo spaceships. 1．What is the sign that shows the success of this launch mission? A．That the Long March 7 carrier rocket lifted off at 11:13 pm. B．That Tianzhou 7 was unlocked from the Tiangong space station on Sunday. C．That Tianzhou 7 entered a low-Earth orbit and the solar wings unfolded. D．That Tianzhou 8 functioned well in planned orbit. 2．What is the attitude of the director Mr Ma towards the reentry of the Tianzhou 7? A．Pessimistic. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Ambiguous. 3．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．the best launch time for Tianzhou 7 is at night B．Tianzhou 8 entering its preset low-Earth orbit is the last part of its mission C．all the debris of the spaceship will be burnt during reentry D．the supplies in Tianzhou 8 are enough to support a single member crew for over two years 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．China launches Tianzhou 8 cargo craft to send supplies. B．Tianzhou 8 is safe to launch. C．How the Tianzhou 8 cargo craft works. D．The Tianzhou 8 cargo craft was last launched. Passage 6 China has made remarkable achievements in space exploration. The China Manned Space Agency （CMSA）aims to land its astronauts on the moon before 2030 and has recently shown the spacesuit they plan to use. However, the name of the suit is still up in the air. As reported by Space News, the CMSA revealed their new extravehicular （舱外的）activity （EVA）spacesuit at an event on September 28 in Chongqing, China. The suit was modeled by Wang Yaping, China’s second woman in space, and Zhai Zhigang, another astronaut. The presentation mainly focused on the suit’s outer features. In particular, the new suit is slimmer and lighter than the CMSA’s earlier Feitian EVA suit used for low Earth orbit. It is covered in a protective fabric to guard against extreme temperatures and lunar dust. The suits also havea wide-ranging, non-reflective shield （防护）and both short and long focus length cameras. Unlike the earlier suits, these lunar suits allow for much more flexibility while moving on the moon. Apart from the practicalities, representatives explained that aesthetics （美学）were also important during the design phase. The appearance of the new spacesuit was emphasized. According to CNN, the mainly white spacesuits have red stripes on their upper parts inspired by the “flying apsaras” from ancient Chinese art. “The stripes on the legs are designed to look like ‘rocket launch flames,’ representing a strong-willed and determined spirit, and that’s the key.” as Zhang Wanxin, director of the CMSA’s engineering office, told China’s CCTV. This weekend’s announcement also saw the CMSA officials task the nation with helping name the new suits, which will be chosen later. This not only shows China’s remarkable achievements in space exploration but also reflects its cultural pride and rapid advances in science and technology. By integrating traditional Chinese cultural elements into modern technology, China showcases its unique charm and great power to the world. Meanwhile, the public naming initiative encourages citizens to engage with the space program, creating a closer link between the space and the people. 1．What is one advantage of the new spacesuit? A．It is more user-friendly. B．It is more cost- effective. C．It is more pressure-resistant. D．It is more dust-proof. 2．Why is the appearance emphasized in the new design? A．To follow the international trend. B．To adjust the lunar environment. C．To highlight Chinese cultural elements. D．To downplay the aesthetic value. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The technical descriptions of the new spacesuits. B．The cultural pride behind China’s space exploration. C．The future prospect of the China Manned Space Agency. D．The international development in space technology. 4．What is the writing purpose of the text? A．To report China’s exploration progress and new spacesuit. B．To introduce the manufacturing process of new spacesuit of the CMSA． C．To involve more people in the public naming initiative. D．To summarize China’s significant achievement. 阅读七选五 Passage 1 A 24-year-old female space commander(指挥员) Zhou Chengyu has been a heated topic on Weibo since Chinese state media highlighted her as one of the women involved in the successful launch of the Chang'e-5 lunar probe(月球探测器) on 23 November. Social media users have been referring to her as a "source of pride" for the country. 1 Several people jokingly reflected on their own achievements, commenting how far behind in life they were in comparison. Starting in 2004, the Chang'e Programme consists of three stages of "orbiting", "landing" and "returning".   2 In December 2013, the goal of China's first soft landing on the lunar surface and ground exploration on the Moon was achieved by the lander and Yutu Lunar Rover of Chang'e-3. Last year, Chang'e-4 probe made the first-ever soft landing on the far side of the moon. The Chang'e-5 mission is China's third successful Moon landing in seven years. 3 If successful, China would be the third country to bring lunar samples back to Earth after the United States and the Soviet Union. Most Chinese know the story of the mythological Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon. People can't hear the word "Chang'e" without picturing romantic images of a moon goddess. 4 And so pictures of Zhou Chengyu have been all over state media, with comments about how she is a "front-line soldier in the field of aerospace" and a "big sister" that young Chinese can look up to. However, the huge amount of interest in the Guizhou Province native has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. 5 A．Her story in particular has inspired the public, considering her young age. B．She refused repeated requests for interviews in order to focus on her work. C．However, China has been trying to highlight strong female figures in the country. D．Despite her young age, Zhou is now working at Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site. E．Its aim is to gather lunar rocks and soil to help scientists learn more about the moon. F．For this reason, China's mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure(女性形象). G．China completed the "orbiting" phase by launching Chang'e-1 and Chang'e-2 lunar probes in 2007 and 2010. 语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China's Shenzhou-19 manned spacecraft was successfully launched atop a Long March-2F carrier rocketat 4:27 a.m. on Wednesday from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China. Aboard the craft was 1. ______(it) crew, mission commander Senior Colonel Cai Xuzhe, Lieutenant Colonel Song Lingdong, and Lieutenant Colonel Wang Haoze. The two men and one woman will replace the astronauts who’ve lived on the Tiangong space station 2. ______ the last six months. The new mission commander, Cai Xuzhe, 3. ______(go) to space in the Shenzhou-14 mission in 2022, while the other two, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, are first-time space travelers both born in 4. ______ 1990s. Song was an air force pilot and Wang an engineer with the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation who will be the crew’s payload specialist. Wang will be the 5. ______(three) Chinese woman aboard a crewed mission. The three appeared at a brief news conference Tuesday behind 6. ______(protect) glass, declaring their intention to carry out their scientific projects on the space station and “bring 7. ______(proud) to the fatherland.” China built its own space station after being excluded(排除) from the International Space Station, 8. ______(large) due to the United States’ concerns. Besides 9. ______(put) a space station into orbit, the space agency has landed an explorer on Mars. It aims to put a person on the moon before 2030, 10, ______would make China the second nation after the United States to do so. Passage 2     The Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship was launched at 4:27 a.m., Oct. 30, Wednesday (Beijing Time) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center 1 northwest China. Chinese astronautsCai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze are carrying out the Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceflight mission, with Cai 2 (be) the commander, according to the China Manned Space Agency on Tuesday.  Cai 3 (complete) the Shenzhou-14 space mission in 2022. Song and Wang are newcomers to space. Both of them were born in the 1990s. Song was  4  former air force pilot before being selected as an astronaut. And Wang iscurrently China's only female space flight engineer and has become the 5 (three) Chinese woman to embark on (开始) a crewed spaceflight mission, the agency noted. The Shenzhou-19 astronauts 6 (complete) in-orbit rotation(交接) with the Shenzhou-18 trio (三人组) and stay at the space station for 7 (approximate) six months. They will witness the arrival of the Tianzhou-8 cargo craft (货运飞船) and Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceship during the mission. Many tasks await the new crew  8 (complete): conducting space science and application tests, performing extravehicular (舱外的) activities, installing protective devicesagainst space debris(残骸), installing and recycling extravehicular payloads (有效载荷) and equipment, all of  9  are full of challenges. They will also engage in science education, public welfare (公共福利) activities, and other payload tests.  The Shenzhou-19 astronauts are scheduled to return to the Dongfeng landing site  10 (locate) in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in late April or early May next year, according to the agency. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Haoze, a crew member of the Shenzhou XIX mission, is China's first female spaceflight engineer. During her college years, she did well 1 (academic), ranking at the top of her class. Additionally, she represented her school in sports competitions. "It was my postgraduate mentor(导师) who led me to a career in the space industry. Professor Gu Fan is very 2 (interest) in spaceflight and often discussed relevant topics with us. He also encouraged his postgraduate students 3 (apply) for jobs in the space industry," Wang Haoze recalled, explaining that she 4 (influence) by the professor and decided to join the spacecraft research community. As her 5 (graduate) approached, Wang submitted her resume(简历) to the Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute, China's major research body of liquid-propellant rocket engines. At the institute, Wang was part of the research and development of new models of rocket engines, a new field 6  she had never been involved in. Faced 7  new challenges and knowledge, she enjoyed learning and 8 (overcome) difficulties, which appeared as an attractive game to her. On October 30, 2024, she embarked on a space journey aboard Shenzhou-19. Her 9 (responsibility) include space experiments, material management, and station affairs. Wang Haoze is 10  inspiration, demonstrating courage, perseverance, and a passion for space exploration. 书面表达 Passage 1 明天的英语课轮到你作主题发言，请你以“中国神舟19号飞船（Shenzhou-19 spacecraft）发射成功”为主题写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1．发射时间：2024年10月30日4时27分； 2．你的感想。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Good morning, everyone, I’m excited to share with you the successful launch of China’s Shenzhou-19 spacecraft. __________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 【同源语篇阅读】 【原文·外刊阅读】 China Brings Samples From the Moon’s Far Side to Earth in First-Ever Feat （文章来源：Smith Sonian Mag） In a global first, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) has successfully retrieved rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon, a feat that will offer scientists an unprecedented opportunity to study the lesser-understood lunar face that is never visible from Earth. The samples re-entered Earth’s atmosphere on Tuesday and landed via parachute in rural Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region in northern China. They were secured in a re-entry capsule that detached from a larger spacecraft, called Chang’e-6. The entire mission, the sixth leg of the Chinese space agency’s Chang’e project, lasted nearly two months and marked a milestone for lunar research. “Chang’e-6 is the first mission in human history to return samples from the far side of the moon,” Long Xiao, a planetary geologist at China University of Geosciences, tells the New York Times’ Katrina Miller. “This is a major event for scientists worldwide… a cause for celebration for all humanity.” Launched on May 3, the Chang’e-6 spacecraft consisted of four modules: an ascender, an orbiter, a lunar lander and a return capsule. It reached lunar orbit five days later, where it remained for several weeks. On June 1, the lander successfully descended and touched down on the far side of the moon in its oldest and largest impact crater, known as the South Pole-Aitken basin. This itself was no small feat: Directing the movement of a spacecraft on the far side of the moon is difficult, because the moon blocks radio signals from Earth. To get around this problem, CNSA engineers used two relay satellites, Queqiao and Queqiao-2, launched ahead of this mission, to communicate with the spacecraft. Once on the moon, Chang’e-6 used a robotic arm’s scoop and drill to collect 4.4 pounds of lunar material from impact crater. Compared to the lunar face we can see, the far side of the moon has a thicker crust, fewer ancient lava plains called maria and a greater number of craters and debris from collisions. “Recovering samples from the far side is tremendously exciting scientifically, as we only have very limited information on the geology there,” Martin Barstow, an astrophysicist at the University of Leicester in England, tells the Guardian’s Ian Sample. “It has been processed very differently to the side of the moon facing us, which has been extensively resurfaced by volcanic activity in the past, creating the maria from which most samples have been obtained.” The collection of rocks launched from the lunar surface in the spacecraft’s ascender on June 3, then united with the orbiter days later. It began its Earth-bound journey on June 21, culminating in its arrival to China this week. Scientists hope the newly secured material will offer clear evidence of the history of lunar asteroid impacts, which could, in turn, shed light on impacts to the early Earth. Most known basins on the moon formed from a barrage of space rocks some 3.9 billion years ago, during a period known as the Late Heavy Bombardment. It is likely, astronomers say, that asteroid showers that hit the moon also hit our home planet. “This also has implications for understanding the origins of life on Earth,” the Planetary Society’s Jason Davis wrote earlier this year. “It’s possible that asteroids carried water and organic materials to Earth during the Late Heavy Bombardment. Understanding the timing and circumstances of this event is critical for unpacking our origin story.” There is also a possibility, because the South Pole-Aitken basin is so deep, that the lunar mantle is exposed within it. If sediment from this layer were contained in the Chang’e-6 samples, scientists could uncover significant clues about the moon’s interior and origins. “It’s a long shot, but it’s worth looking,” Ian Crawford, a planetary scientist at Birkbeck, University of London, tells the Guardian. A number of countries—including the U.S., China and Russia—have been ramping up their planned exploration of, and human presence on, the lunar surface. The possibility for extraction of the moon’s untapped resources—and its location as a launching-off point toward Mars—remain incentives for nations to go to the moon. 1. What is the main achievement of the Chang’e-6 mission? A. It successfully landed on the near side of the moon. B. It retrieved rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon. C. It established a lunar base for future missions. D. It launched the first manned mission to the moon. 2. How did CNSA engineers overcome the communication challenge with the Chang’e-6 spacecraft? A. By using a more powerful radio signal B. By sending signals through a lunar lander C. By employing two relay satellites D. By increasing the spacecraft’s signal range 3. What significant feature of the far side of the moon does the article mention? A. It has more lava plains compared to the near side. B. It is covered with a thicker crust and has more craters. C. It has less impact debris than the near side. D. It has more volcanic activity compared to the near side. 4. What potential scientific benefit is expected from studying the samples retrieved by Chang’e-6? A. Understanding the effects of volcanic activity on the moon. B. Gaining insights into the origins of life on Earth. C. Discovering new methods of space travel. D. Identifying new resources for lunar colonization. 【参考译文】 中国首次将月球背面的样本带回地球 在全球范围内，中国国家航天局（CNSA）首次成功地从月球背面取回了岩石和土壤样本，这一壮举将为科学家提供前所未有的机会，研究地球上从未见过的鲜为人知的月球表面。 周二，这些样本重新进入地球大气层，并通过降落伞降落在中国北方自治区内蒙古农村。它们被固定在一个从更大的航天器嫦娥六号上分离出来的返回舱中。整个任务是中国航天局嫦娥项目的第六站，持续了近两个月，标志着月球研究的一个里程碑。 “嫦娥六号是人类历史上第一次从月球远端返回样本的任务，”中国地质大学行星地质学家龙晓告诉《纽约时报》的卡特琳娜·米勒。“这对全世界的科学家来说是一件大事……全人类都应该庆祝。” 嫦娥六号于5月3日发射，由四个模块组成：上升器、轨道器、月球着陆器和返回舱。五天后，它到达了月球轨道，并在那里停留了几个星期。6月1日，着陆器成功下降并降落在月球最古老、最大的撞击坑，即南极艾特肯盆地。 这本身就是一项不小的壮举：在月球背面指挥航天器的运动是困难的，因为月球会阻挡来自地球的无线电信号。为了解决这个问题，中国国家航天局的工程师使用了在这次任务之前发射的两颗中继卫星“鹊桥”和“鹊桥二号”与航天器进行通信。 一旦登上月球，嫦娥六号就使用机械臂的铲子和钻头从撞击坑中收集了4.4磅的月球物质。与我们看到的月球表面相比，月球的背面有更厚的地壳，更少的被称为玛丽亚的古老熔岩平原，以及更多的撞击坑和碎片。 英国莱斯特大学的天体物理学家Martin Barstow告诉《卫报》的Ian Sample：“从远处回收样本在科学上非常令人兴奋，因为我们对那里的地质信息非常有限。”。“它的处理方式与面向我们的月球侧面非常不同，过去火山活动曾广泛地重新浮出月球表面，形成了大多数样本都是从中获得的玛丽亚。” 6月3日，在航天器的上升器中从月球表面发射的岩石集合，几天后与轨道器结合。它于6月21日开始了它的地球之旅，最终于本周抵达中国。 科学家们希望新获得的材料将为月球小行星撞击的历史提供明确的证据，这反过来又可以揭示对早期地球的影响。月球上大多数已知的盆地是在大约39亿年前，即所谓的晚期重轰炸时期，由一系列太空岩石形成的。天文学家说，撞击月球的小行星阵雨很可能也撞击了我们的家园星球。 行星学会的杰森·戴维斯今年早些时候写道：“这也对理解地球上生命的起源产生了影响。”。“在晚期重轰炸期间，小行星可能将水和有机物质带到了地球。了解这一事件的时间和情况对于解开我们的起源故事至关重要。” 还有一种可能性，因为南极艾特肯盆地太深，月球地幔暴露在其中。如果嫦娥六号样本中含有这一层的沉积物，科学家们可能会发现有关月球内部和起源的重要线索。 伦敦大学伯克贝克分校的行星科学家伊恩·克劳福德告诉《卫报》：“(尽管)它可能性不大,但却值得试一下。”。 包括美国、中国和俄罗斯在内的一些国家一直在加紧计划中的月球表面探索和人类活动。开采月球未开发资源的可能性及其作为火星发射点的位置仍然是各国登月的动力。 题源: Teens Senior 3-847期P6） Extracting drinkable water from the moon 中国科学家：1吨月壤产水量可满足50人1天的饮水量 (214 words) Making water on the moon 1 (use) lunar soil is a topic that attracts many scientists. The water content of the lunar soil is extremely low, 2 (range) from 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent. This makes 3 (extract) the water right there on the moon very difficult- but not impossible. In the lunar soil samples (样本) 4 (bring) back by the Chang’e 5 1unar probe (探测器) in 2020, Chinese scientists found large amounts of hydrogen (氢) as a result of billions of years of 5 (expose) to solar winds. When 6 (subject) to high temperatures, the hydrogen reacts with the soil, generating elemental iron (单质铁) along with water. If the temperature goes above 1,000 C, the soil will break down, 7 (release) the water as 8 (collect) vapor(蒸气). Through this method, “1 ton of lunar regolith (表土) material can produce more than 50 kilograms of water,” Wang Jungiang, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, 9 (tell) China Daily. That’s enough for 50 people to drink for one day. The finding lays a foundation for China 10 (proceed) with its plan to build an international lunar research station. According to Xinhua, by 2035, a station with basic functions will be constructed near the moon’s south pole*. 难点分析 * 描述关于2035年在月球南极附近建造空间站的计划时，不同的时态和语态的使用上有所不同，这导致了它们在表达上的微妙差异。 “By 2035, we will have built a space station near the moon’s south pole.” 这句话使用了将来完成时（Future Perfect Tense），并采用了主动语态。它强调了到2035年为止，某个主体（这里暗指“我们”，可能是指中国或某个组织）将会完成空间站的建造工作。将来完成时的使用突出了动作的完成性和结果性，即强调了到那个时间点为止，空间站的建造工作将会全面完成。 “According to Xinhua, by 2035, a station with basic functions will be constructed near the moon’s south pole.” 这句话则使用了一般将来时（Simple Future Tense），并采用了被动语态。它报道了根据新华社的消息，到2035年为止，一个具有基本功能的空间站将会被建造在月球南极附近。这里并没有特别强调是哪个主体将完成这项工作，而是更侧重于报道一个将要发生的事件或计划。一般将来时的使用使得句子更加客观、中立，而被动语态则使得句子的焦点放在了动作的结果上，即空间站的建造。 在本质上，两句话都在描述同一个计划或事件，即2035年在月球南极附近建造空间站。但它们在时态和语态上的选择导致了它们在表达上的不同侧重点。第一句话更强调动作的完成性和主体性，而第二句话则更侧重于报道一个将要发生的客观事实。因此，虽然两句话在描述的内容上相似，但它们在时态和语态上的选择使得它们在表达上有所区别。这并不是说其中一句话在时态或语态上有误，而是根据作者的意图和语境的不同而做出的不同选择。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点05 建设航天强国（四大题型） 嫦娥六号探测器（Chang'e-6 lunar probe）是中国航天科技集团有限公司抓总研制的嫦娥探月计划第六个探测器]。2024年5月3日17时27分，嫦娥六号探测器由长征五号遥八运载火箭在中国文昌航天发射场成功发射，准确进入地月转移轨道，发射任务取得圆满成功；6月2日，嫦娥六号成功着陆在月球背面南极-艾特肯盆地预选着陆区，开启人类探测器首次在月球背面实施的样品采集任务]；6月4日7时38分，嫦娥六号上升器携带月球样品自月球背面起飞，3000牛发动机工作约6分钟后，成功将上升器送入预定环月轨道]。6月6日，嫦娥六号上升器成功与轨道器和返回器组合体完成月球轨道交会对接，随后将月球样品容器安全转移至返回器中[7]。6月25日14时07分，嫦娥六号返回器准确着陆于内蒙古四子王旗预定区域，工作正常，标志着探月工程嫦娥六号任务取得圆满成功，实现世界首次月球背面采样返回。 神舟十九号，简称“神十九”，为中国载人航天工程发射的第十九艘飞船。2023年10月，中国载人航天工程办公室消息，经任务总指挥部决定，执行神舟十九号载人飞行任务的航天员乘组由蔡旭哲、宋令东、王浩泽3名航天员组成，蔡旭哲担任指令长。2024年10月30日4时27分，搭载神舟十九号载人飞船的长征二号F遥十九运载火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心点火发射，约10分钟后，神舟十九号载人飞船与火箭成功分离，进入预定轨道，航天员乘组状态良好，发射取得圆满成功[4]。 我们培养造就了一支特别能吃苦、特别能战斗、特别能攻关、特别能奉献的高素质人才队伍，培育铸就了伟大的载人航天精神。广大航天人展现出了坚定的理想信念、高昂的爱国热情、强烈的责任担当、良好的精神风貌，你们不愧是思想过硬、技术过硬、作风过硬的英雄团队。——习近平 （建议用时：60分钟） 阅读理解 Passage 1 China's historic 23-day Chang'e 5 mission has not only obtained precious rock and soil samples from the moon, but has also brought back a group of seeds that traveled the furthest in the nation's agricultural and forestry histories. More than 30 kinds of seeds, including that of rice, oats etc., were placed inside the multi-module Chang'e 5 spacecraft and orbited around the moon for about 15 days. Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial (地外的) forces in lunar orbit and also hoped that they could develop beneficial mutations (突变). This mission offered good opportunities to scientists, which enabled them to deepen their studies on the effect of cosmic rays on the growth and evolution of life on Earth. Space-based mutation breeding refers to the process of exposing seeds to forces such as microgravity, vacuums and cosmic radiation during a spaceflight and then sending them back to Earth for further observation and planting. Researchers observe and examine several generations of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate their mutations-some are positive and desirable while others are negative. Those with positive mutations will be kept and analyzed, and will be introduced to farmers after their certification and approval. Space breeding can generate mutations faster and more conveniently than ground-based experiments and can bring about some desirable traits that are otherwise hard to introduce. Compared with natural or conventionally bred types of plants, space-developed versions with positive mutations usually feature higher nutritional content, greater annual yields, shorter growth periods and better resistance to diseases and insect pests. China conducted its first space breeding experiment in 1987, using a satellite to carry seeds into space. Since then, hundreds of kinds of seeds and seedlings have traveled with dozens of Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scale cultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits. The Chang'e 5 robotic mission returned 1,731 grams of lunar rock and soil to Earth, marking a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back. 1．Why were the seeds placed inside Chang'e 5? A．To pick out the fittest for mutations. B．To understand extraterrestrial forces. C．To study the intensity of cosmic rays. D．To expose them to a special environment. 2．What do we know about space-based mutation breeding? A．It is not a time-consuming process. B．Mutations develop in a random way. C．It often brings about desirable effects. D．Approval will be granted to mutated plants. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．It is a custom to put seedlings on a spacecraft. B．China was the first to do a space breeding experiment. C．It is some time since seeds were last taken into space. D．Space breeding has brought us commercial benefits. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances B．Chang'e 5 Returns with a Big Package C．Plant Mutations Result in a Better Life D．Seeds from Space Mark a New History 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。包括大米、燕麦等在内的30多种种子被放置在多舱“嫦娥五号”飞船内，绕月飞行了约15天。这些种子都进行了太空育种。文章对太空育种的概念、优势和收益进行了介绍。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial (地外的) forces in lunar orbit and also hoped that they could develop beneficial mutations (突变).”（科学家们希望检查这些种子在月球轨道上受到外星力量的影响后会发生什么，也希望它们能发展出有益的突变。）可知，种子被放在嫦娥五号里是为了让它们暴露在特殊环境下。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Researchers observe and examine several generations of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate their mutations-some are positive and desirable while others are negative.”（研究人员观察和检查了几代由太空培育的种子长成的植物，并调查了它们的突变——一些是积极和可取的，而另一些是消极的。）可知，突变是以随机的方式发生的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scale cultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits.”（太空育种已帮助中国培育出200多种新的突变植物，这些植物已获准进行大规模种植，从谷物到蔬菜和水果。）可知，太空培育给我们带来了商业利益。故选D。 4．标题判断题。文章主要讲了太空育种给人类带来了很多好处，相比来说有更多优势，所以选项A（太空培育的种子提供了巨大的机遇）是最好的标题。选项B没有提到太空育种，选项C没有提到太空，选项D混淆了概念，不是来自太空的种子，而是从地球带到太空发生突变再带回地球的种子，所以选项B、选项C和选项D都不是合适的标题。故选A。 Passage 2 China launched a large robotic spacecraft on Nov. 24, 2020 at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in South China's Hainan province, tasking it with landing on the moon and bringing back lunar samples, 44 years after the last time such substances were brought back to Earth. If everything proceeds smoothly, about 2 kilograms of stones and soil will be collected and packed in a vacuum metal container. The entire mission is scheduled to last about 23 days, according to the China National Space Administration. Considering these highly sophisticated operations, Chang'e 5 will be more difficult and challenging than previous Chinese lunar expeditions, designers have said. According to a statement published by the space administration, the Chang'e 5 mission is intended to fulfill several objectives. In terms of space engineering, it will demonstrate technical plans and apparatus for autonomous lunar sampling and packing and moon-based launching, as well as lunar orbital docking. In the scientific field, it will investigate the landing site's features, and enable scientists to analyze the lunar samples' structure and physical traits so they can deepen their research into the moon's origin and evolution. It added that the mission also will help to foster the country's knowledge, technology and talent pool for its future manned missions to the moon and other deepspace expeditions. Pei Zhaoyu, spokesman for the Chang'e 5 mission, said if the mission becomes successful, it will be a milestone in the nation's lunar exploration and will show the world China's scientific, technological and engineering capabilities. Furthermore, Chang'e 5 will strengthen the nation's status and influence in the international space community, pave the way for the country's future lunar expeditions and boost its space science, and will offer more opportunities to lunar researchers around the world. Scientists around the world are welcome to participate in the research related to the lunar samples brought back by the mission. China will publish a set of guidelines about the use and distribution of the samples after the mission. 1．What can we learn about the mission of Chang'e 5? A．It was exactly the same as 44 years ago. B．It will help to complete space walking. C．It aims to bring back lunar samples. D．It will try to land on the moon for the first time. 2．What does the underlined word "sophisticated" mean in Para 2? A．impossible B．complex C．ambitious D．effective 3．What will the success of the Chang'e 5 convey to the world according to Pei? A．The first nation to bring lunar samples back in the world. B．A further step in understanding the evolution of the earth C．More competition in lunar expeditions with other countries. D．China's scientific, technological and engineering abilities. 4．What's the best title of the passage? A．The landmark mission of Chang'e 5. B．A new guideline from the moon samples. C．New opportunities to lunar researchers D．China's scientific contributions. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国嫦娥五号发射的任务目的及其意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“China launched a large robotic spacecraft on Nov. 24, 2020 at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in South China's Hainan province, tasking it with landing on the moon and bringing back lunar samples…”（2020年11月24日，中国在中国南部海南文昌航天发射中心发射了一枚大型机器人太空船，任务是登陆月球并带回月球样本……）可知，嫦娥五号的任务是登录月球并带回月球样本。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词前的“about 2 kilograms of stones and soil will be collected and packed in a vacuum metal container”可知，在此次任务中，大约2公斤的石头和泥土将被收集并装在真空金属容器中，再结合画线词后的“more difficult and challenging than previous Chinese lunar expedition”可知，这比以前的中国探月活动更加困难和具有挑战性，这些都说明嫦娥5号执行的是高难度的任务，操作极其复杂，由此可知画线词词义为“复杂的”，故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中嫦娥五号的发言人裴兆宇所说“if the mission becomes successful, it will be a milestone in the nation's lunar exploration and will show the world China's scientific, technological and engineering capabilities.”（如果任务成功，这将是中国探月的一个里程碑，并将向世界展示中国的科学、技术和工程能力）可知，嫦娥五号的成功将向世界展示中国的科学、技术和工程能力。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第四段中“Pei Zhaoyu, spokesman for the Chang'e 5 mission, said if the mission becomes successful, it will be a milestone in the nation's lunar exploration and will show the world China's scientific, technological and engineering capabilities.”（嫦娥五号的发言人裴兆宇说，如果任务成功，这将是中国探月的一个里程碑，并将向世界展示中国的科学、技术和工程能力）可知，本文主要介绍了中国嫦娥五号发射的任务目的及其意义。选项A“具有里程碑意义的嫦娥五号任务。”紧贴文章主题，简明扼要，适合做标题。故选A项。 Passage 3 An exciting landing process of Chang'e-4 lunar probe (月球探测器 ) was seen through the monitor at Beijing Aerospace Control Center in Beijing, Jan. 3, 2019. It touched down on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a.m. Beijing Time, becoming the first spacecraft soft-landing on the moon's unknown side never visible from Earth. China's Chang'e-4 probe has started the exploration on the far side of the moon thanks to the relay satellite that provides a communication link with ground control. The relay satellite, named Queqiao, meaning Magpie Bridge, after a Chinese legend (传说 ) , was launched on May 21, 2018, and became the first communication satellite operating in the halo orbit, nearly 500,000 km from the earth. It can also provide communication for probes from other countries. The relay satellite will also be used for scientific and technological experiments. The maximum distance between the satellite and the Chang'e-4 probe on the far side of the moon is 79,000 km. The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth. The satellite can stay in its orbit for a long time due to its relatively low fuel consumption, as the earth's and moon's gravity balances its orbital moving. While in orbit, it can "see" both the earth and the far side of the moon. The concept of using a relay satellite in the halo orbit was first put forward by U.S. space experts in the 1960s, but was realized by Chinese space engineers. Researchers hope to use the cameras on the satellite to record asteroids (小行星 ) hitting the far side of the moon. To control the cost of the Chang'e-4 probe, the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small, weighing about 400 kg. Researchers had just 30 months to develop the satellite, putting them under high pressure. To promote public interest in space exploration, the China National Space Administration invited people to write down their wishes for lunar and space exploration, and the relay satellite carries the names of tens of thousands of participants and their messages. 1．What do we learn from the second paragraph? A．The relay satellite was launched on Jan. 3, 2019. B．Chang'e-4 probe was the first communication satellite. C．The relay satellite only explores the far side of the moon. D．The relay satellite can handle data from Chang'e-4 probe. 2．Why was the size of the relay satellite relatively small? A．To reduce the cost as much as possible. B．To make it circle Moon for a longer time. C．To avoid being crashed by other satellites. D．To follow American space experts' advice.’ 3．What made researchers suffer from great stress? A．Few people interested in the exploration on the moon. B．The relay satellite carrying too much equipment. C．Their lacking enough time to develop the relay satellite. D．People's never being optimistic about the relay satellite. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．China is a new space power after the USA． B．Chang'e-4 probe lands on Moon's far side. C．Chinese space engineers make much progress. D．Space exploration is a dangerous challenge. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章报道了北京时间2019年1月3日10时26分，我国嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面，并通过“鹊桥”中继卫星传回了世界第一张近距离拍摄的月背影像图。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth.可知，中继卫星可以处理来自嫦娥四号探测器的数据。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的To control the cost of the Chang'e-4 probe, the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small, weighing about 400 kg.可知，中继卫星的尺寸相对较小是为了节约成本，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的Researchers had just 30 months to develop the satellite, putting them under high pressure. 可知，研究者们压力很大是因为他们只有30个月的时间开发这个卫星，即缺乏时间，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要报道了嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球，文章介绍了卫星在月球登陆的情况，因此，本文的主要内容是嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高三上·贵州·阶段练习）Wang Haoze, a crew member of the Shenzhou XIX mission and China’s first female spaceflight engineer, studied energy and power engineering at Southeast University before receiving a bachelor’s degree in 2012 and then continued to take part in a three-year postgraduate program in thermal engineering at the same school. Before her graduation, Wang submitted her resume to the Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute. At the institute, Wang was part of the research and development of new models of rocket engines, a new field that she had never been involved in. Faced with new challenges and knowledge, she enjoyed learning and overcoming difficulties, which appeared as an intriguing game to her. Hard work and perseverance always pay off. She gradually became the backbone of her team. Three years after working on rocket engines, she was told by human resources colleagues that the country would recruit the third generation of astronauts. Wang and 17 male candidates were selected and divided into three groups: seven spacecraft pilots, another seven spaceflight engineers and four mission payload specialists. At the Astronaut Center of China, Wang has faced grueling challenges. She has spent tough times with teammates in survival drills in deserts and at sea, and has endured a 72-hour sleepless test. Despite the difficulties, she said she has never considered quitting. Looking into her first orbital journey, the astronaut said: “I want to float inside Tiangong to experience the excitement of weightlessness. I also hope that I can complete each and every task successfully and make our ‘space home’ better. ” 1．What did Wang Haoze major in before 2012? A．Space engineering. B．Thermal engineering. C．Aerospace propulsion. D．Energy and power engineering. 2．What can be learned about Wang from paragraph 2? A．She did research into rocket engines before. B．She shrank from difficulties she encountered. C．She played a key role in her team at the institute. D．She saw an astronaut recruitment advertisement. 3．What can be used to describe Wang Haoze? A．Courageous and humble. B．Determined and generous. C．Perseverant and determined. D．Approachable and influential. 4．What can we infer about Wang? A．Wang handles the test easily. B．Wang desires for her space mission. C．Wang wants to abandon her training. D．Wang contributes a lot to space fields. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是中国首位女太空工程师王浩泽的职业历程，从学术研究到火箭发动机开发，再到成为神舟十九号任务的宇航员，及其对太空探索的热情与贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Wang Haoze, a crew member of the Shenzhou XIX mission and China’s first female spaceflight engineer, studied energy and power engineering at Southeast University before receiving a bachelor’s degree in 2012 and then continued to take part in a three-year postgraduate program in thermal engineering at the same school.(王浩泽是神舟十五号的机组成员，也是中国第一位女航天工程师，她在东南大学学习能源与动力工程，后于2012年获得学士学位，然后继续在同一所学校攻读为期三年的热能工程研究生课程)”可知，王浩泽在2012年前主修专业为能源与动力工程专业。故选 D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“She gradually became the backbone of her team.(她逐渐成为了团队的骨干)”可知，王浩泽逐渐成为团队中的主心骨，即她在团队中发挥着重要作用。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“Faced with new challenges and knowledge, she enjoyed learning and overcoming difficulties, which appeared as an intriguing game to her.(面对新的挑战和知识，她喜欢学习和克服困难，这对她来说是一种有趣的游戏)”以及第四段“Despite the difficulties, she said she has never considered quitting.(尽管困难重重，她说她从未考虑过放弃)”可知，王浩泽具有坚韧不拔和信念坚定的品质。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Looking into her first orbital journey, the astronaut said: “I want to float inside Tiangong to experience the excitement of weightlessness. I also hope that I can complete each and every task successfully and make our ‘space home’ better. ”(回顾她的第一次轨道旅行，这位宇航员说：“我想在天宫里漂浮，体验失重的兴奋。我也希望我能成功完成每一项任务，让我们的‘太空家园’变得更好。”)”可知，王浩泽对自己的太空探索任务充满期待。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25高二上·河南南阳·阶段练习）The Tianzhou 8 robotic cargo ship was launched on Friday night in Hainan province, becoming the last spacecraft to visit China’s Tiangong space station this year. With the cargo vessel on top of it, a Long March 7 carrier rocket lifted off at 11:13 pm local time from a launch service tower at the Wenchang Space Launch Center, according to the China Manned Space Agency. After a short flight, the rocket placed the Tianzhou 8 into its preset low-Earth orbit and the solar wings on the cargo ship unfolded, marking the successful completion of the launch mission, the agency said. The spacecraft is scheduled to approach and then dock with the space station’s Tianhe core module within three hours after its launch. As the 15th spaceship to visit Tiangong, Tianzhou 8 is tasked with resupplying propellants (n. [航]推进剂) to the Chinese space station and delivering living and work necessities for the Shenzhou XIX astronauts, who have been in orbit for two weeks. The materials inside the cargo vessel are sufficient to support a three-member crew for nine months, according to its designers at the China Academy of Space Technology. Tianzhou 8’s predecessor, Tianzhou 7, was unlocked from the Tiangong space station on Sunday and started a period of solo flight. It is programmed to fall back to Earth soon, and most of the spaceship will burn up during reentry, although a small amount of debris is expected to fall into secure areas in the South Pacific Ocean, according to the director Mr Ma from the space agency. Orbiting Earth at a distance of around 400 kilometers, Tiangong has three permanent parts — a core module (n. [航天器的]舱) and two science capsules — and is regularly connected to several visiting crew and cargo spaceships. 1．What is the sign that shows the success of this launch mission? A．That the Long March 7 carrier rocket lifted off at 11:13 pm. B．That Tianzhou 7 was unlocked from the Tiangong space station on Sunday. C．That Tianzhou 7 entered a low-Earth orbit and the solar wings unfolded. D．That Tianzhou 8 functioned well in planned orbit. 2．What is the attitude of the director Mr Ma towards the reentry of the Tianzhou 7? A．Pessimistic. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Ambiguous. 3．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．the best launch time for Tianzhou 7 is at night B．Tianzhou 8 entering its preset low-Earth orbit is the last part of its mission C．all the debris of the spaceship will be burnt during reentry D．the supplies in Tianzhou 8 are enough to support a single member crew for over two years 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．China launches Tianzhou 8 cargo craft to send supplies. B．Tianzhou 8 is safe to launch. C．How the Tianzhou 8 cargo craft works. D．The Tianzhou 8 cargo craft was last launched. 【答案】1．D 6．B 7．D 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了长征7号运载火箭把肩负运送太空站给养的天舟8号货运飞船送入预定轨道。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“After a short flight, the rocket placed the Tianzhou 8 into its preset low-Earth orbit and the solar wings on the cargo ship unfolded, marking the successful completion of the launch mission, the agency said.(该机构表示，经过短暂的飞行，火箭将天舟8号送入预定的近地轨道，货船上的太阳能机翼展开，标志着发射任务的成功完成)”可知，这次发射任务成功的标志是天舟8号在计划轨道上运行良好。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It is programmed to fall back to Earth soon, and most of the spaceship will burn up during reentry, although a small amount of debris is expected to fall into secure areas in the South Pacific Ocean, according to the director Mr Ma from the space agency.(根据国家航天局局长马先生的说法，按照计划，它将很快落回地球，飞船的大部分将在再入大气层时燃烧，尽管少量碎片预计将落入南太平洋的安全区域)”可知，其态度是乐观的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“The materials inside the cargo vessel are sufficient to support a three-member crew for nine months, according to its designers at the China Academy of Space Technology.(据中国空间技术研究院的设计师介绍，货舱内的材料足以支持3名船员工作9个月)”可知，够三个人7个月的给养，如果供给一个人可以维持27个月，即两年多。故选 D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Tianzhou 8 robotic cargo ship was launched on Friday night in Hainan province, becoming the last spacecraft to visit China’s Tiangong space station this year.(周五晚上，天舟8号自动货运飞船在海南省发射升空，成为今年最后一艘访问中国天宫空间站的航天器)”以及第六段“The materials inside the cargo vessel are sufficient to support a three-member crew for nine months, according to its designers at the China Academy of Space Technology.(据中国空间技术研究院的设计师介绍，货舱内的材料足以支持3名船员工作9个月)”可知，主旨是中国发射天舟8号货运飞船运送物资。故选A。 Passage 6 China has made remarkable achievements in space exploration. The China Manned Space Agency （CMSA）aims to land its astronauts on the moon before 2030 and has recently shown the spacesuit they plan to use. However, the name of the suit is still up in the air. As reported by Space News, the CMSA revealed their new extravehicular （舱外的）activity （EVA）spacesuit at an event on September 28 in Chongqing, China. The suit was modeled by Wang Yaping, China’s second woman in space, and Zhai Zhigang, another astronaut. The presentation mainly focused on the suit’s outer features. In particular, the new suit is slimmer and lighter than the CMSA’s earlier Feitian EVA suit used for low Earth orbit. It is covered in a protective fabric to guard against extreme temperatures and lunar dust. The suits also havea wide-ranging, non-reflective shield （防护）and both short and long focus length cameras. Unlike the earlier suits, these lunar suits allow for much more flexibility while moving on the moon. Apart from the practicalities, representatives explained that aesthetics （美学）were also important during the design phase. The appearance of the new spacesuit was emphasized. According to CNN, the mainly white spacesuits have red stripes on their upper parts inspired by the “flying apsaras” from ancient Chinese art. “The stripes on the legs are designed to look like ‘rocket launch flames,’ representing a strong-willed and determined spirit, and that’s the key.” as Zhang Wanxin, director of the CMSA’s engineering office, told China’s CCTV. This weekend’s announcement also saw the CMSA officials task the nation with helping name the new suits, which will be chosen later. This not only shows China’s remarkable achievements in space exploration but also reflects its cultural pride and rapid advances in science and technology. By integrating traditional Chinese cultural elements into modern technology, China showcases its unique charm and great power to the world. Meanwhile, the public naming initiative encourages citizens to engage with the space program, creating a closer link between the space and the people. 1．What is one advantage of the new spacesuit? A．It is more user-friendly. B．It is more cost- effective. C．It is more pressure-resistant. D．It is more dust-proof. 2．Why is the appearance emphasized in the new design? A．To follow the international trend. B．To adjust the lunar environment. C．To highlight Chinese cultural elements. D．To downplay the aesthetic value. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The technical descriptions of the new spacesuits. B．The cultural pride behind China’s space exploration. C．The future prospect of the China Manned Space Agency. D．The international development in space technology. 4．What is the writing purpose of the text? A．To report China’s exploration progress and new spacesuit. B．To introduce the manufacturing process of new spacesuit of the CMSA． C．To involve more people in the public naming initiative. D．To summarize China’s significant achievement. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文报道了中国在太空探索方面取得的显著成就，特别是中国载人航天局（CMSA）计划在2030年前将宇航员送上月球，并展示了他们计划使用的太空服。整体而言，本文展示了中国在太空探索领域的实力和文化自信。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“Unlike the earlier suits，these lunar suits allow for much more flexibility while moving on the moon.(与早期的宇航服不同，这些月球宇航服在月球上移动时具有更大的灵活性)”可知，新的太空服在月球上移动时具有更大的灵活性，因此更加人性化（user-friendly）。故选A。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“According to CNN，the mainly white spacesuits have red stripes on their upper parts inspired by the ‘flying apsaras’ from ancient Chinese art.(据美国有线电视新闻网报道，这些以白色为主的宇航服上半部分有红色条纹，灵感来自中国古代艺术中的“飞天”。)”可知，新的太空服外观设计强调突出了中国文化元素。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句“This not only shows China’s remarkable achievements in space exploration but also reflects its cultural pride and rapid advances in science and technology.(这不仅展示了中国在太空探索方面取得的显著成就，也反映了中国的文化自豪感和科学技术的快速发展。)”可知，该段主要讲述了中国太空探索背后的文化自豪感。故选B。 4．推理判断题。由文章第一段的“China has made remarkable achievements in space exploration.The China Manned Space Agency （CMSA）aims to land its astronauts on the moon before 2030 and has recently shown the spacesuit they plan to use. (中国在太空探索方面取得了显著成就。中国载人航天局（CMSA）的目标是在2030年之前将宇航员送上月球，最近展示了他们计划使用的宇航服。)”以及最后一段第一句“This not only shows China’s remarkable achievements in space exploration but also reflects its cultural pride and rapid advances in science and technology.(这不仅展示了中国在太空探索方面取得的显著成就，也反映了中国的文化自豪感和科学技术的快速发展。)”可知，文章旨在报道中国在太空探索方面的进展和新的太空服。故选A。 阅读七选五 Passage 1 A 24-year-old female space commander(指挥员) Zhou Chengyu has been a heated topic on Weibo since Chinese state media highlighted her as one of the women involved in the successful launch of the Chang'e-5 lunar probe(月球探测器) on 23 November. Social media users have been referring to her as a "source of pride" for the country. 1 Several people jokingly reflected on their own achievements, commenting how far behind in life they were in comparison. Starting in 2004, the Chang'e Programme consists of three stages of "orbiting", "landing" and "returning".   2 In December 2013, the goal of China's first soft landing on the lunar surface and ground exploration on the Moon was achieved by the lander and Yutu Lunar Rover of Chang'e-3. Last year, Chang'e-4 probe made the first-ever soft landing on the far side of the moon. The Chang'e-5 mission is China's third successful Moon landing in seven years. 3 If successful, China would be the third country to bring lunar samples back to Earth after the United States and the Soviet Union. Most Chinese know the story of the mythological Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon. People can't hear the word "Chang'e" without picturing romantic images of a moon goddess. 4 And so pictures of Zhou Chengyu have been all over state media, with comments about how she is a "front-line soldier in the field of aerospace" and a "big sister" that young Chinese can look up to. However, the huge amount of interest in the Guizhou Province native has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. 5 A．Her story in particular has inspired the public, considering her young age. B．She refused repeated requests for interviews in order to focus on her work. C．However, China has been trying to highlight strong female figures in the country. D．Despite her young age, Zhou is now working at Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site. E．Its aim is to gather lunar rocks and soil to help scientists learn more about the moon. F．For this reason, China's mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure(女性形象). G．China completed the "orbiting" phase by launching Chang'e-1 and Chang'e-2 lunar probes in 2007 and 2010. 【答案】1．A 2．G 3．E 4．F 5．B 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要报道了24岁的女航天指挥员周成玉成功指挥登录月球的事，同时也介绍了我国的嫦娥计划。 1．根据上文“Social media users have been referring to her as a "source of pride" for the country.”（社交媒体用户把她称为我国的“骄傲之源”）和下文“Several people jokingly reflected on their own achievements, commenting how far behind in life they were in comparison.”（一些人拿他们自己的成就开玩笑，说相比之下他们在生活中远远落后于别人）可知，设空处应陈述周成玉受到社交媒体用户的欢迎，并给这些人以鼓励。A项“考虑到她的年龄，她的故事尤其鼓舞公众”符合语境。故选A。 2．根据上文“Starting in 2004, the Chang'e Programme consists of three stages of "orbiting", "landing" and "returning".”（始于2004年，嫦娥计划分三个阶段——“轨道运行”，“着陆”和“返回”）和下文“In December 2013, the goal of China's first soft landing on the lunar surface and ground exploration on the Moon was achieved by the lander and Yutu Lunar Rover of Chang'e-3. ”（在2013年12月，“嫦娥三号”着陆器和“玉兔”月球车实现了我国首次月球软着陆并探测月球表面的目标）可知， 设空处应陈述和轨道运行相关的内容。G项“通过2007年发射的‘嫦娥一号’和2010年发射的‘嫦娥二号’中国完成了‘轨道运行’阶段”符合语境。故选G。 3．根据上文“The Chang'e-5 mission is China's third successful Moon landing in seven years.”（嫦娥五号任务是中国在七年内第三次成功登月）和下文“If successful, China would be the third country to bring lunar samples back to Earth after the United States and the Soviet Union.”（如果成功的话，中国将成为继美国和前苏联后第三个带回月球样本的国家）可知，设空处应陈述嫦娥五号的任务是什么。E项“它的目标是收集月球岩石和尘土以帮助科学家更多的了解月球”符合语境，选项中的aim呼应上文的mission。故选E。 4．根据上文“People can't hear the word "Chang'e" without picturing romantic images of a moon goddess.”（中国人一听到‘嫦娥’这个词就会联想到月亮女神的浪漫形象）和下文“And so pictures of Zhou Chengyu have been all over state media, with comments about how she is a "front-line soldier in the field of aerospace" and a "big sister" that young Chinese can look up to.”（因此，周成玉的照片出现在全国的媒体上，有人评论说她是 ‘航天一线战士’，是中国人都尊敬的姐姐）可推知，设空处应陈述中国之所以会选一个女航天员，正是因为考虑到了月亮女神这个浪漫形象。F项“正是因为这个原因，中国登月的任务是唤起一个杰出的女性形象”符合语境，选项中的this reason指代上文内容。故选F。 29．根据上文“However, the huge amount of interest in the Guizhou Province native has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her.”（然而，人们对这位贵州人的巨大兴趣似乎并没有对她产生多大影响）可推知，设空处应陈述没有给她带来很大影响的具体体现，即：周成玉对人们关注的具体表现。B项 “为了专注她的工作，她多次拒绝了采访要求。”符合语境。故选B。 语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China's Shenzhou-19 manned spacecraft was successfully launched atop a Long March-2F carrier rocketat 4:27 a.m. on Wednesday from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China. Aboard the craft was 1. ______(it) crew, mission commander Senior Colonel Cai Xuzhe, Lieutenant Colonel Song Lingdong, and Lieutenant Colonel Wang Haoze. The two men and one woman will replace the astronauts who’ve lived on the Tiangong space station 2. ______ the last six months. The new mission commander, Cai Xuzhe, 3. ______(go) to space in the Shenzhou-14 mission in 2022, while the other two, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, are first-time space travelers both born in 4. ______ 1990s. Song was an air force pilot and Wang an engineer with the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation who will be the crew’s payload specialist. Wang will be the 5. ______(three) Chinese woman aboard a crewed mission. The three appeared at a brief news conference Tuesday behind 6. ______(protect) glass, declaring their intention to carry out their scientific projects on the space station and “bring 7. ______(proud) to the fatherland.” China built its own space station after being excluded(排除) from the International Space Station, 8. ______(large) due to the United States’ concerns. Besides 9. ______(put) a space station into orbit, the space agency has landed an explorer on Mars. It aims to put a person on the moon before 2030, 10, ______would make China the second nation after the United States to do so. 【答案】1.its 2.for 3.went 4.the 5. third 6. protective 7.pride 8. largely 9. putting 10. which 【解析】 1.its。这里表示“飞船的”船员，要用形容词性物主代词its。 2.for。"for + 一段时间”表示持续了多长时间，这里表示在过去的六个月里住在天宫空间站的宇航员。 3.went。根据时间状语in2022可知要用一般过去时，go 的过去式是 went。 4.the。in the 1990s 表示“在 20 世纪 90 年代"，是固定用法。 5. third。这里表示”第三个中国女性”，要用序数词 third。 6. protective。这里要用形容词protective修饰 glass，表示“防护玻璃”。 7.pride。bring 后面跟名词，proud 的名词形式是pride。 8. largely。这里要用副词 largely 修饰 due to，表示“很大程度上是因为"。 9. putting。besides 是介词，后面跟动词的-ing 形式。 10. which。这里是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用 which。 Passage 2     The Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship was launched at 4:27 a.m., Oct. 30, Wednesday (Beijing Time) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center 1 northwest China. Chinese astronautsCai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze are carrying out the Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceflight mission, with Cai 2 (be) the commander, according to the China Manned Space Agency on Tuesday.  Cai 3 (complete) the Shenzhou-14 space mission in 2022. Song and Wang are newcomers to space. Both of them were born in the 1990s. Song was  4  former air force pilot before being selected as an astronaut. And Wang iscurrently China's only female space flight engineer and has become the 5 (three) Chinese woman to embark on (开始) a crewed spaceflight mission, the agency noted. The Shenzhou-19 astronauts 6 (complete) in-orbit rotation(交接) with the Shenzhou-18 trio (三人组) and stay at the space station for 7 (approximate) six months. They will witness the arrival of the Tianzhou-8 cargo craft (货运飞船) and Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceship during the mission. Many tasks await the new crew  8 (complete): conducting space science and application tests, performing extravehicular (舱外的) activities, installing protective devicesagainst space debris(残骸), installing and recycling extravehicular payloads (有效载荷) and equipment, all of  9  are full of challenges. They will also engage in science education, public welfare (公共福利) activities, and other payload tests.  The Shenzhou-19 astronauts are scheduled to return to the Dongfeng landing site  10 (locate) in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in late April or early May next year, according to the agency. 【参考答案】 1.in 2.being 3.completed 4.a  5. third  6.will complete  7.approximately 8.to complete 9.which 10.located 【解析】 1. in。表示方位的介词，用in。 2. being。空格处与介词with前后呼应，应该使用非谓语形式填空，要填的词是宾语补足语的一部分。因为Cai与提示词之间存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式。 3. completed。此句内容属于“回忆”，且句尾有时间状语 in 2022，故填提示词的一般过去时态形式。 4. a。注意：此句的表语名词 pilot 是以单数形式存在的，故空出填不定冠词。 5. third。 阅读本句可知，提示词后的 woman是单数，这里需要序数词。 6. will complete。阅读可知，本段主要讲航天员此次的使命，尤其看下一句的谓语是will witness，可知空格处也填提示词的一般将来时态形式。 7. approximately。阅读可知，空格处是修饰数词six的状语，故将提示词变为相应的副词形式。 8. to complete。空格处与谓语动词await形成固定搭配：await sb. to do...。 9. which。注意逗号，其后是非限定性定语从句，且属于介词提前现象。本句的先行词是逗号前的四个 doing..., 故填which。 10. located。本句在空格前已有谓语 are scheduled，故空格处是非谓语形式。又因为 site 与提示词之间存在被动关系，所以填提示词的形式。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Haoze, a crew member of the Shenzhou XIX mission, is China's first female spaceflight engineer. During her college years, she did well 1 (academic), ranking at the top of her class. Additionally, she represented her school in sports competitions. "It was my postgraduate mentor(导师) who led me to a career in the space industry. Professor Gu Fan is very 2 (interest) in spaceflight and often discussed relevant topics with us. He also encouraged his postgraduate students 3 (apply) for jobs in the space industry," Wang Haoze recalled, explaining that she 4 (influence) by the professor and decided to join the spacecraft research community. As her 5 (graduate) approached, Wang submitted her resume(简历) to the Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute, China's major research body of liquid-propellant rocket engines. At the institute, Wang was part of the research and development of new models of rocket engines, a new field 6  she had never been involved in. Faced 7  new challenges and knowledge, she enjoyed learning and 8 (overcome) difficulties, which appeared as an attractive game to her. On October 30, 2024, she embarked on a space journey aboard Shenzhou-19. Her 9 (responsibility) include space experiments, material management, and station affairs. Wang Haoze is 10  inspiration, demonstrating courage, perseverance, and a passion for space exploration. 【参考答案】 1. academically 2. interested 3. to apply 4. was influenced 5.graduation 6. that/which 7. with 8. overcoming 9. responsibilities 10.an 【解析】 1. academically。这里要用副词academically 修饰形容词outstanding，表示"在学业上很出色”。 2. interested 。be interested in是固定短语，表示“对…….感兴趣”。 3. to apply。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定用法，表示“鼓励某人做某事”。 4. was influenced。根据后面的by 以及decided可知要用一般过去时的被动语态 was influenced，表示“她被教授影响”。 5.graduation。形容词性物主代词her后面要用名词graduation，表示“毕业”。 6. that/which。这里是定语从句，先行词是a new field，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以用 that或 which。 7. with。be faced with是固定短语，表示“面临”。 8. overcoming。 enjoy doing sth.是固定用法，表示“喜欢做某事”，所以这里用overcoming。 9. responsibilities。根据后面的动词include可知主语是复数名词responsibilities，表示“责任”。 10.an。inspiration表示“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”时是可数名词，这里表示“一个鼓舞人心的人"，要用不定冠词 an。 书面表达 Passage 1 明天的英语课轮到你作主题发言，请你以“中国神舟19号飞船（Shenzhou-19 spacecraft）发射成功”为主题写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1．发射时间：2024年10月30日4时27分； 2．你的感想。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Good morning, everyone, I’m excited to share with you the successful launch of China’s Shenzhou-19 spacecraft. __________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 写作提纲 第一段：开场表明发言主题，提及神舟 19 号飞船发射成功，说明发射时间，吸引听众注意力。 第二段：重点阐述感想，从航天技术进步、国家实力提升、民族自豪感增强、对自己和青年一代的激励等方面展开，可结合素材中的技术突破、国际影响力提升、激发青少年兴趣等内容。 第三段：总结发言，表达对中国航天未来的美好期待，呼吁同学们关注航天事业，为祖国发展贡献力量。 语言积累 The successful launch of Shenzhou - 19 spacecraft is not only a remarkable milestone in China's space exploration but also a powerful manifestation of our country's growing technological prowess.（神舟 19 号飞船的成功发射不仅是中国太空探索的一个重要里程碑，也是我国日益增强的科技实力的有力体现。） It fills me with an overwhelming sense of pride and admiration to witness the continuous progress of China's space program, which represents the hard work and dedication of countless Chinese scientists and researchers.（见证中国航天事业的不断进步，我心中充满了无比的自豪和敬佩，这代表了无数中国科学家和研究人员的辛勤付出和奉献精神。） The launch of Shenzhou - 19 has not only expanded our understanding of the universe but also inspired a new generation of young people to pursue their dreams in the field of science and technology.（神舟 19 号的发射不仅拓宽了我们对宇宙的认知，还激励了新一代年轻人在科技领域追逐梦想。） As students, we should take this opportunity to learn from the spirit of the astronauts and scientists, and strive to acquire more knowledge to contribute to the development of our country.（作为学生，我们应该借此机会学习宇航员和科学家的精神，努力获取更多知识，为国家的发展贡献力量。） I firmly believe that with the continuous efforts of our country, China's space exploration will achieve even greater feats and make more significant contributions to the progress of all mankind.（我坚信，随着我国的不断努力，中国的太空探索将取得更伟大的成就，为全人类的进步做出更重要的贡献。） 写作示范 Good morning, everyone, I’m excited to share with you the successful launch of China’s Shenzhou - 19 spacecraft. At 4:27 on October 30, 2024, Shenzhou - 19 took off precisely from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. That moment was not only a milestone in China's space exploration but also a glorious moment that deeply inspired every Chinese person. This launch is a vivid display of China's technological breakthroughs. It shows that China has made great progress in aerospace technology, from spacecraft design to orbit control. It also indicates that China is getting closer to achieving more complex space missions like manned lunar landings and deep - space exploration. What's more, it has enhanced China's international influence and brought us more opportunities for international cooperation in space exploration. As a Chinese, I feel extremely proud. This success also serves as a powerful inspiration for me. It makes me realize that as long as we persevere and work hard, we can overcome any difficulties and achieve great things. I believe that it will inspire more young people to pursue their dreams in the field of science and technology. I sincerely hope that China's space exploration will continue to achieve brilliant results. And I encourage all of us to focus on China's aerospace development and strive to contribute to our country's prosperity in the future. Thank you! 【同源语篇阅读】 【原文·外刊阅读】 China Brings Samples From the Moon’s Far Side to Earth in First-Ever Feat （文章来源：Smith Sonian Mag） In a global first, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) has successfully retrieved rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon, a feat that will offer scientists an unprecedented opportunity to study the lesser-understood lunar face that is never visible from Earth. The samples re-entered Earth’s atmosphere on Tuesday and landed via parachute in rural Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region in northern China. They were secured in a re-entry capsule that detached from a larger spacecraft, called Chang’e-6. The entire mission, the sixth leg of the Chinese space agency’s Chang’e project, lasted nearly two months and marked a milestone for lunar research. “Chang’e-6 is the first mission in human history to return samples from the far side of the moon,” Long Xiao, a planetary geologist at China University of Geosciences, tells the New York Times’ Katrina Miller. “This is a major event for scientists worldwide… a cause for celebration for all humanity.” Launched on May 3, the Chang’e-6 spacecraft consisted of four modules: an ascender, an orbiter, a lunar lander and a return capsule. It reached lunar orbit five days later, where it remained for several weeks. On June 1, the lander successfully descended and touched down on the far side of the moon in its oldest and largest impact crater, known as the South Pole-Aitken basin. This itself was no small feat: Directing the movement of a spacecraft on the far side of the moon is difficult, because the moon blocks radio signals from Earth. To get around this problem, CNSA engineers used two relay satellites, Queqiao and Queqiao-2, launched ahead of this mission, to communicate with the spacecraft. Once on the moon, Chang’e-6 used a robotic arm’s scoop and drill to collect 4.4 pounds of lunar material from impact crater. Compared to the lunar face we can see, the far side of the moon has a thicker crust, fewer ancient lava plains called maria and a greater number of craters and debris from collisions. “Recovering samples from the far side is tremendously exciting scientifically, as we only have very limited information on the geology there,” Martin Barstow, an astrophysicist at the University of Leicester in England, tells the Guardian’s Ian Sample. “It has been processed very differently to the side of the moon facing us, which has been extensively resurfaced by volcanic activity in the past, creating the maria from which most samples have been obtained.” The collection of rocks launched from the lunar surface in the spacecraft’s ascender on June 3, then united with the orbiter days later. It began its Earth-bound journey on June 21, culminating in its arrival to China this week. Scientists hope the newly secured material will offer clear evidence of the history of lunar asteroid impacts, which could, in turn, shed light on impacts to the early Earth. Most known basins on the moon formed from a barrage of space rocks some 3.9 billion years ago, during a period known as the Late Heavy Bombardment. It is likely, astronomers say, that asteroid showers that hit the moon also hit our home planet. “This also has implications for understanding the origins of life on Earth,” the Planetary Society’s Jason Davis wrote earlier this year. “It’s possible that asteroids carried water and organic materials to Earth during the Late Heavy Bombardment. Understanding the timing and circumstances of this event is critical for unpacking our origin story.” There is also a possibility, because the South Pole-Aitken basin is so deep, that the lunar mantle is exposed within it. If sediment from this layer were contained in the Chang’e-6 samples, scientists could uncover significant clues about the moon’s interior and origins. “It’s a long shot, but it’s worth looking,” Ian Crawford, a planetary scientist at Birkbeck, University of London, tells the Guardian. A number of countries—including the U.S., China and Russia—have been ramping up their planned exploration of, and human presence on, the lunar surface. The possibility for extraction of the moon’s untapped resources—and its location as a launching-off point toward Mars—remain incentives for nations to go to the moon. 1. What is the main achievement of the Chang’e-6 mission? A. It successfully landed on the near side of the moon. B. It retrieved rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon. C. It established a lunar base for future missions. D. It launched the first manned mission to the moon. 【答案】B 【解析】文章强调，嫦娥六号任务的主要成就是从月球背面取回样本，这是以前从未做过的。 2. How did CNSA engineers overcome the communication challenge with the Chang’e-6 spacecraft? A. By using a more powerful radio signal B. By sending signals through a lunar lander C. By employing two relay satellites D. By increasing the spacecraft’s signal range 【答案】C 【解析】文章解释说，由于月球阻挡了来自地球的直接无线电信号，中国国家航天局的工程师使用了两颗中继卫星“鹊桥”和“鹊桥二号”与航天器进行通信。 3. What significant feature of the far side of the moon does the article mention? A. It has more lava plains compared to the near side. B. It is covered with a thicker crust and has more craters. C. It has less impact debris than the near side. D. It has more volcanic activity compared to the near side. 【答案】B 【解析】这篇文章将月球的远侧描述为与近侧相比，地壳更厚，古代熔岩平原更少，陨石坑和碎片更多。 4. What potential scientific benefit is expected from studying the samples retrieved by Chang’e-6? A. Understanding the effects of volcanic activity on the moon. B. Gaining insights into the origins of life on Earth. C. Discovering new methods of space travel. D. Identifying new resources for lunar colonization. 【答案】B 【解析】文章提到，研究月球样本可以提供对地球上生命起源的见解，特别是通过了解小行星撞击及其在输送水和有机物质方面的作用。 【参考译文】 中国首次将月球背面的样本带回地球 在全球范围内，中国国家航天局（CNSA）首次成功地从月球背面取回了岩石和土壤样本，这一壮举将为科学家提供前所未有的机会，研究地球上从未见过的鲜为人知的月球表面。 周二，这些样本重新进入地球大气层，并通过降落伞降落在中国北方自治区内蒙古农村。它们被固定在一个从更大的航天器嫦娥六号上分离出来的返回舱中。整个任务是中国航天局嫦娥项目的第六站，持续了近两个月，标志着月球研究的一个里程碑。 “嫦娥六号是人类历史上第一次从月球远端返回样本的任务，”中国地质大学行星地质学家龙晓告诉《纽约时报》的卡特琳娜·米勒。“这对全世界的科学家来说是一件大事……全人类都应该庆祝。” 嫦娥六号于5月3日发射，由四个模块组成：上升器、轨道器、月球着陆器和返回舱。五天后，它到达了月球轨道，并在那里停留了几个星期。6月1日，着陆器成功下降并降落在月球最古老、最大的撞击坑，即南极艾特肯盆地。 这本身就是一项不小的壮举：在月球背面指挥航天器的运动是困难的，因为月球会阻挡来自地球的无线电信号。为了解决这个问题，中国国家航天局的工程师使用了在这次任务之前发射的两颗中继卫星“鹊桥”和“鹊桥二号”与航天器进行通信。 一旦登上月球，嫦娥六号就使用机械臂的铲子和钻头从撞击坑中收集了4.4磅的月球物质。与我们看到的月球表面相比，月球的背面有更厚的地壳，更少的被称为玛丽亚的古老熔岩平原，以及更多的撞击坑和碎片。 英国莱斯特大学的天体物理学家Martin Barstow告诉《卫报》的Ian Sample：“从远处回收样本在科学上非常令人兴奋，因为我们对那里的地质信息非常有限。”。“它的处理方式与面向我们的月球侧面非常不同，过去火山活动曾广泛地重新浮出月球表面，形成了大多数样本都是从中获得的玛丽亚。” 6月3日，在航天器的上升器中从月球表面发射的岩石集合，几天后与轨道器结合。它于6月21日开始了它的地球之旅，最终于本周抵达中国。 科学家们希望新获得的材料将为月球小行星撞击的历史提供明确的证据，这反过来又可以揭示对早期地球的影响。月球上大多数已知的盆地是在大约39亿年前，即所谓的晚期重轰炸时期，由一系列太空岩石形成的。天文学家说，撞击月球的小行星阵雨很可能也撞击了我们的家园星球。 行星学会的杰森·戴维斯今年早些时候写道：“这也对理解地球上生命的起源产生了影响。”。“在晚期重轰炸期间，小行星可能将水和有机物质带到了地球。了解这一事件的时间和情况对于解开我们的起源故事至关重要。” 还有一种可能性，因为南极艾特肯盆地太深，月球地幔暴露在其中。如果嫦娥六号样本中含有这一层的沉积物，科学家们可能会发现有关月球内部和起源的重要线索。 伦敦大学伯克贝克分校的行星科学家伊恩·克劳福德告诉《卫报》：“(尽管)它可能性不大,但却值得试一下。”。 包括美国、中国和俄罗斯在内的一些国家一直在加紧计划中的月球表面探索和人类活动。开采月球未开发资源的可能性及其作为火星发射点的位置仍然是各国登月的动力。 题源: Teens Senior 3-847期P6） Extracting drinkable water from the moon 中国科学家：1吨月壤产水量可满足50人1天的饮水量 (214 words) Making water on the moon 1 (use) lunar soil is a topic that attracts many scientists. The water content of the lunar soil is extremely low, 2 (range) from 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent. This makes 3 (extract) the water right there on the moon very difficult- but not impossible. In the lunar soil samples (样本) 4 (bring) back by the Chang’e 5 1unar probe (探测器) in 2020, Chinese scientists found large amounts of hydrogen (氢) as a result of billions of years of 5 (expose) to solar winds. When 6 (subject) to high temperatures, the hydrogen reacts with the soil, generating elemental iron (单质铁) along with water. If the temperature goes above 1,000 C, the soil will break down, 7 (release) the water as 8 (collect) vapor(蒸气). Through this method, “1 ton of lunar regolith (表土) material can produce more than 50 kilograms of water,” Wang Jungiang, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, 9 (tell) China Daily. That’s enough for 50 people to drink for one day. The finding lays a foundation for China 10 (proceed) with its plan to build an international lunar research station. According to Xinhua, by 2035, a station with basic functions will be constructed near the moon’s south pole*. 1、答案 using ranging extracting brought exposure subjected releasing collectible told to proceed 难点分析 * 描述关于2035年在月球南极附近建造空间站的计划时，不同的时态和语态的使用上有所不同，这导致了它们在表达上的微妙差异。 “By 2035, we will have built a space station near the moon’s south pole.” 这句话使用了将来完成时（Future Perfect Tense），并采用了主动语态。它强调了到2035年为止，某个主体（这里暗指“我们”，可能是指中国或某个组织）将会完成空间站的建造工作。将来完成时的使用突出了动作的完成性和结果性，即强调了到那个时间点为止，空间站的建造工作将会全面完成。 “According to Xinhua, by 2035, a station with basic functions will be constructed near the moon’s south pole.” 这句话则使用了一般将来时（Simple Future Tense），并采用了被动语态。它报道了根据新华社的消息，到2035年为止，一个具有基本功能的空间站将会被建造在月球南极附近。这里并没有特别强调是哪个主体将完成这项工作，而是更侧重于报道一个将要发生的事件或计划。一般将来时的使用使得句子更加客观、中立，而被动语态则使得句子的焦点放在了动作的结果上，即空间站的建造。 在本质上，两句话都在描述同一个计划或事件，即2035年在月球南极附近建造空间站。但它们在时态和语态上的选择导致了它们在表达上的不同侧重点。第一句话更强调动作的完成性和主体性，而第二句话则更侧重于报道一个将要发生的客观事实。因此，虽然两句话在描述的内容上相似，但它们在时态和语态上的选择使得它们在表达上有所区别。这并不是说其中一句话在时态或语态上有误，而是根据作者的意图和语境的不同而做出的不同选择。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$