内容正文:
专题02 词法之介词、数词、连词
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 1
1.介词的类别与功能及易错点 2
2.数词的构成与功能及易错点 6
3.连词的类别与功能及易混点 10
中考练场 14
【题型解读】
中考英语单项选择题长期以多维度知识覆盖为核心,综合考查语法规则(如时态、语态、从句)、词汇辨析(近义词、固定搭配)及情景交际能力,强调对初中英语核心知识点的系统掌握。近年命题呈现语境化考查趋势,通过对话、生活场景等真实语境设置选项,要求考生结合上下文逻辑和语言习惯解题,例如在“请求允许”或“表达建议”等交际功能中考查语言应用能力。此外,试题干扰性设计增强,通过相似固定搭配(如“look forward to”与“look up to”)、时态混淆(如一般过去时与现在完成时)等设置陷阱,需考生细致分析题干信息以避免误判。
【命题规律】
中考英语单项选择题对介词、数词及连词的考查呈现以下规律:介词侧重时间/地点辨析与固定搭配,如时间介词in/on/at的区分(on用于具体日期如“September 23rd”)、地点短语by bus(零冠词)及逻辑关系词since(接时间点)与after(接时间段)的语境判断。数词考查重点为基数词与序数词转换(如日期“May 1st”需用序数词)、单位词规则(如three hundred单数形式)及特殊表达(如年龄in his twenties)。连词则聚焦逻辑关系判断(如并列and/but、选择or)及从句引导词(如宾语从句中that的省略规则),需注意连词与介词的混淆(如because+从句 vs. because of+名词)。三类考点常融入情景对话或语法结构,需结合真题强化语境分析能力。
【解题技巧】
一、介词
1时间/地点介词辨析
时间介词:区分in(年/月/季节)、on(具体某日)、at(时刻),如“______ September 23rd”选on。
地点介词:固定搭配如by bus(零冠词)、on time(准时),需结合语境判断。
逻辑关系:如since(接时间点,表延续)与after(接时间段,表过去动作)需根据上下文选择。
2.固定搭配与语境分析
熟记高频短语(如be interested in、look forward to)。注意介词与动词/形容词的固定搭配(如agree with、afraid of)。
二、数词
1.基数词与序数词转换
日期表达中序数词必用(如“May 1st”中的1st)。
特殊序数词拼写(如twelfth而非twelveth)需强化记忆。
2单位词规则与特殊表达
具体数字+单数单位词(three hundred);泛指用复数+of(thousands of)。
年龄(in his twenties)、年代(in the 1990s)等特殊表达需注意介词搭配。
三、连词
1.逻辑关系判断
并列关系(and/but/or):如“I like apples, ______ he prefers bananas”选but。
从句引导词:宾语从句中that可省略,if/whether用于疑问句(如“I wonder ______ he will come”)。
2.连词与介词区分
连词后接完整句(because he is ill),介词后接名词/短语(because of his illness)。
(一)介词的类别与功能
【考点诠释】
介词是虚词,用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词不能单独在句中作成分,必须与名词、代词或动名词等构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。
分类依据
类别
定义/特点
常见介词
按形式分类
简单介词
单一介词,如in, on, at等
about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等
合成介词
由两个介词构成的合成词
into, onto, throughout, upon, within等
短语介词
由短语构成,如because of, instead of等
according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等
双重介词
由两个介词搭配而成
from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等
分词介词
由现在分词转化而来
considering, including, regarding, concerning等
兼类介词
由形容词直接转化而来
like, unlike, near, next, opposite等
按意义分类
时间介词
表示时间关系
in, on, at, during, before, after等
地点介词
表示地点、方位和方向关系
at, in, on, to, under, over, above, below等
方式介词
表示方式、手段或工具
by, with, in, through, by means of等
逻辑关系介词
表示因果、条件等逻辑关系
because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, without等
介词短语的语法功能:
作定语:修饰名词,放在被修饰词的后面,对被修饰的词起到限制作用。
作状语:修饰动词或句子,表示时间、地点、方式、条件、伴随、原因等。
其他功能:介词短语还可以作表语、补语或同位语等,为句子增添丰富的意义。
易错点提示:
时间短语前介词的使用:注意在this, that, these, next, last等词构成的短语前面通常不用介词。
方位介词的区分:如in(在……里面)、on(在……上面,与表面有接触)等,要准确理解并区分它们的用法。
固定搭配的混淆:避免将相似但意义不同的介词短语混淆,如be interested in(对……感兴趣)与be interested at(错误搭配)。
【典题举隅】
1._________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A.As B.For C.with D.Through
【答案】C
【解析】句意:随着产量上升了60%,公司又度过了辉煌的一年。
考查介词的用法。as作连词表示伴随,后接句子;for作介词表示原因时,后面不能跟复合宾语;“with + 名词/代词 + 介词短语”构成with的复合结构;through为介词,表示通过,用在这里与语境不符。根据“production up by 60%”可知,此处“production”是名词,与后面“up by 60%”可以一起和with构成复合结构,表示伴随。故选C。
2.—Do you know any other foreign languages ________ English?
—Yes, I’m also good at Japanese and French.
A.besides B.except C.except for D.beside
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——除了英语,你还会其他外语吗?——是的,我还擅长日语和法语。
考查介词。besides除……之外还有,包括除了的对象在内;except除了,不包括除了的对象;except for除了,除了整体中的一部分,常用于对具体细节进行说明;beside在……旁边。根据下文答语“Yes, I’m also good at Japanese and French.”可知,是包括英语在内,问是否知道其他的外语,因此用besides。故选A。
3.Three Taikonauts gave a science lecture (讲座) 400 kilometers above the Earth to millions of students ________ Wednesday afternoon, March 23, 2022 in the Tiangong space station.
A.at B.on C.in D.with
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在2022年3月23日,周三的下午,三位宇航员在离地球上空400千米的天宫空间站给几百万学生做了一次科学讲座。
考查介词。at在,表示在具体的时间点;on在,用于表示确定的时间,具体某天或具体某一天的上午下午晚上;in在,于表示世纪、年、月、季节,在上午/下午/晚上/白天等;with和,用。根据“Wednesday afternoon”可知,在周三的下午应用介词on。故选B。
4.Lily often helps her mum do some gardening ________ Sundays.
A.at B.to C.on D.in
【答案】C
【解析】句意:莉莉经常在星期天帮妈妈做些园艺活。
考查介词辨析。at在……,后加具体时间点; to到……;on在……,后加具体的日期,星期几,节日;in在……,后加一天的上午,下午或晚上,加年,月,季节。on Sundays“在周日”,故选C。
5.The English exam ________ two parts, ________ objective item(客观题)and subjective item (主观题). Please complete each part carefully.
A.divides into; includes B.divided into; including
C.is divided into; included D.is divided into; including
【答案】D
【解析】句意:英语考试分为客观题和主观题两部分。请仔细填写每一部分。
考查一般现在时的被动语态和词意辨析。主语“The English exam”和谓语动词“divide into”是被动关系,应用被动语态,第一个空格处应用is divided into,排除A和B。includes包括,包含,动词(三单形式);including包括……在内,包含,介词,后接名词或代词;included通常作形容词,表示包括在内的,通常用于修饰词的后面。空格处位于名词前,应用介词including。故选D。
6.There’re so many things around us _________ our will. However, we’ve no excuse to give up.
A.through B.towards C.against D.under
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们周围有太多违背我们意愿的事情。然而,我们没有理由放弃。
考查介词辨析。through通过;towards朝向;against违反,反对;under在……下面。根据下句“However, we’ve no excuse to give up.”可知,虽然这些事和我们的意愿相悖,但是我们没有理由放弃。故选C。
7.It was really helpful ________ her to clean up the street ________ a cold winter morning.
A.of; on B.of; at C.for; on D.for; at
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在一个寒冬的早上,她把大街清扫干净,她真的是很乐于助人。
考查介词的用法。It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.“某人做某事真的是……”此处用of形容人的品质、性格等特征。早、中、晚前有具体的修饰词时,使用时间介词on。故选A。
8.The apples are divided ________ two ________. One is for my sister, the other is for me.
A.in; half B.into; halves C.in; halves D.into; halfs
【答案】B
【解析】句意:苹果被分成两半。一半给我妹妹,另一半给我。
考查介词用法及名词复数。be divided into“被分成”,固定搭配;two后接名词复数,half的复数形式是halves。故选B。
9.— Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
— Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s ________ the south of China, ________ the south of Henan.
A.in; to B.on; to C.in; on D.on; in
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——很多医生和护士在二月去了湖北。——湖北离黑龙江很远。它在中国南部,河南的南部。
考查方位介词。in表位置,“在内部”;to表位置,“在……面”,有一定距离;on表位置,比邻。根据常识可知,湖北在中国内部的南部,用介词in,湖北在河南的南部,相邻的位置,用介词on。故选C。
10.President Xi arrived ________ Guilin and visited the Li River ________ April 25th this year.
A.at; in B.in; on C.at; on D.in; in
【答案】B
【解析】句意:今年4月25日,席主席抵达桂林,参观漓江。
考查介词的用法。arrive at和arrive in都可以表示“到达”,arrive at指到达小地方,arrive in指到达大地方,抵达桂林用介词in;表达在具体某一天,用介词on。故选B。
(二)数词的构成与功能
【考点诠释】
初中英语语法中的数词分为基数词(表示数量,如one, two)和序数词(表示顺序,如first, second)。
基数词构成规则:1-12独立记忆,13-19加-teen(如thirteen),20-90整十数加-ty(如twenty);序数词1-3特殊(如third),4-19加-th(如fourth),整十数变y为i加-eth(如twentieth)。
数词功能包括:基数词表数量(five apples)、时间(7:30)、年龄(15 years old);序数词表顺序(the first prize)、日期(March 18th)。特殊用法含分数(分子基数+分母序数,如three quarters)、小数(0.5读作zero point five)、百分数(55%读作fifty-five percent)。
需注意:hundred, thousand表确数用单数(five hundred),表概数用复数(hundreds of);编号可用基数词后置(Room 101)或序数词前置(the third lesson)。
分类维度
类别
定义/特点
示例
基本分类
基数词
表示数目的多少
one, two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, etc.
序数词
表示顺序或等级
first, second, third, fourth, fifth, tenth, twentieth, thirtieth, etc.
构成与变化
基数词
1-12独立记忆,13-19加-teen,20-90加-ty
13-thirteen, 19-nineteen, 20-twenty, 90-ninety
序数词
1-3特殊,4-19加-th,20-90变y为i加-eth
1-first, 2-second, 3-third, 4-fourth, 20-twentieth, 90-ninetieth
用法
基数词
表示数量、编号、时间、年龄等
There are five apples. (数量)
Room 101. (编号)
It's 7:30. (时间)
She's 15 years old. (年龄)
序数词
表示顺序、编号、日期等
The first prize. (顺序)
Lesson Three. (编号)
March 18th, 2025. (日期)
特殊用法
分数
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分母大于1时,序数词用复数形式
1/2 - one half
3/4 - three quarters
小数
小数点读作point,数字按基数词读法
0.426 - zero point four two six
百分数
读作percent,与基数词连用
55% - fifty-five percent
注意事项
复数形式
基数词表大量数目时,hundred, thousand等用单数或复数+of短语
five hundred students
hundreds of people
编号表达
基数词后置或the+序数词+名词
Lesson Three = the third lesson
缩写形式
序数词可缩写为数字+序数词最后两个字母
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.
【典题举隅】
1.—Do you know the man ________ visited the Charity School?
—Yes. He is Mr. Li. It is said that it was his ________ visit to the school.
A.who; the fifth B.that; the fifth C./; fifth D.who; fifth
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你认识那个参观慈善学校的人吗? ——是的。他是李先生。据说这是他第五次来学校。
考查定语从句关系代词的用法。分析句子可知,先行词the man指人,要用关系代词who或that,在句中充当主语,排除C;序数词前面有形容词性物主代词修饰时,序数词前不用the。故选D。
2.About ________ fans are waiting here. They want to see the great singer.
A.two thousand of B.a few thousand
C.several thousands D.two thousands
【答案】B
【解析】句意:大约有几千名粉丝在这里等着。他们想看看这位好歌手。
考查数词的用法。基数词后thousand用原形,thousand与of连用时用thousands of表示“数以千计的”,可排除AD选项;C选项表述错误,正确说法应是:several thousands of。故选B。
3.—How many students are there in this school?
—There are ________ students in this school. ________ of them are foreign students.
A.two thousands; Two fifth B.two thousand; Two fifth
C.two thousands; Two fifths D.two thousand; Two fifths
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——这所学校有多少名学生?——有200名学生。其中五分之二是外国留学生。
考查基数词及分数的用法。如果thousand“千”前有具体数字,使用原形即可。分数的表达是分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子大于一,分母要在词尾加s。故选D。
4.Nancy’s ______ most successful moment came in ______ forties.
A./; her B.the; her C.the; hers D./; hers
【答案】A
【解析】句意:南希最成功的时刻是在她四十多岁的时候。
考查零冠词和年龄表达法。第一空根据“Nancy’s”可知,此处是名词所有格,形容词最高级前有名词所有格等限定词修饰时,最高级前不用加the。因此第一空不填;第二空是年龄表达法,“in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十岁时”,one’s是形容词性物主代词,因此是her。故选A。
5.My brother spends ________ of his money buying books every year.
A.two fifths B.two fifth C.second fifths D.one fifths
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我哥哥每年花五分之二的钱买书。
考查分数的表达。分数的表达,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子超过一时,分母用复数形式,two fifths“五分之二”,故选A。
6.Nowadays, ________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ________ of them are adults.
A.a number of; four fifths B.a number of; four fifth
C.the number of; four fifth D.the number of; four fifths
【答案】A
【解析】句意:现在,很多人更喜欢华为手机,其中大约五分之四是成年人。
考查形容词短语以及分数表达。a number of许多;the number of……的数量。根据“people like HUAWEI phones better”可知,此处指许多人喜欢华为,故第一空填a number of。分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数形式,故“五分之四”的表达为:four fifths,故选A。
7.About ________ of the teachers in our school ________ born in ________.
A.two-thirds; was; 1970 B.two-thirds; were; the 1970s C.two-third; was; 1970s D.two third; were; the 1970
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们学校大约三分之二的教师出生在20世纪70年代。
考查分数的表达、主谓一致以及年代的表达。分数的表达方式为:分子为基数词,分母为序数词,分子大于一,分母加s。所以此处三分之二的表达方式为two-thirds,所以排除C和D;当分数作主语时,其后的谓语动词形式取决于后边的名词;teachers为复数,be born意为“出生于……”,且用于过去时,故此处用were,所以排除A;in the 1970s表示“20世纪70年代”。故选B。
8.—If you want to change for a double room, you’ll have to pay ________ 20 dollars.
—All right.
A.more B.each C.other D.another
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——如果你想换个双人间,你将要再付20美元。——好的。
考查代词的辨析。more更多,一般位于数词之后名词前,其结构为“数词+more+复数名词”;each每个,后面跟单数名词;other其他的,如与具体数词连用,则置于数词之后;another再一,又一,后常接单数可数名词,但当复数名词前有基数词或few时,也可用another修饰,其结构为“another+数词+复数名词”。根据句意表示“再付20美元”, 后跟数量20 dollars,故选D。
9.________ the foreign students in Tsinghua University has increased a lot. It's said that there are ________ European students in it now.
A.A number of; eight thousand B.The number of; eight thousands
C.A number of; thousands of D.The number of; thousands of
【答案】D
【解析】句意:清华大学的外国留学生人数增加了很多。据说现在有成千上万的欧洲学生在里面。
考查含有number的短语辨析和thousand的用法。A number of一些;the number of……的数量;eight thousand八千;eight thousands为错误选项;thousands of成千上万。根据“has increased a lot”可知,应该使用“the number of”,表示数量增加;根据情境,表示“成千上万的欧洲人”。故选D。
10.—Can you change a hundred for five ________?
—Sorry, I can't. Perhaps you can ask the salesman.
A.twenty B.twelve C.twenties D.twentieth
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你能把一百换成五个二十元吗?——对不起,我可能不能,也许你可以问问售货员。twenty二十;twelve十二;twenties复数形式;twentieth第二十。五个二十,即五乘以二十,省略了乘号乘数用复数形式,所以二十用复数形式,故选C。
(三)连词的类别与功能
【考点诠释】
初中英语语法之连词是用于连接词、短语、从句或句子的虚词,本身不能独立担任句子成分。其核心功能是衔接不同语言单位,使表达逻辑连贯、结构完整。根据作用逻辑,连词主要分为:(1)并列连词:连接并列对等的成分;(2)从属连词:引导从句与主句建立逻辑关系。部分连词(如not only...but also...、neither...nor...)需遵循就近原则,即谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。
分类
子类/作用
常见连词/短语
用法说明及例句
并列连词
并列关系
and, both...and..., not only...but also...
连接对等成分,表并列:
She likes apples and bananas.
选择关系
or, either...or..., neither...nor...
提供选项或否定两者:
You can choose either tea or coffee.
转折关系
but, yet, while, however
表达前后语义对立:
He is young, but he knows a lot.
因果关系
so, for
连接因果逻辑:
It rained, so the match was canceled.
从属连词
时间状语从句
when, while, after, as soon as
引导时间关系:
When he arrived, we started dinner.
条件状语从句
if, unless
表达假设或条件:
If it rains, we will stay home.
原因状语从句
because, since, as
说明原因:
He failed because he didn't study.
让步状语从句
though, even if, although
表让步转折:
Though it was late, he kept working.
特殊用法与规则
就近原则
either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...
谓语动词与最近主语一致:
Neither Tom nor his friends like hiking.
祈使句+连词表条件
and(表肯定条件), or(表否定条件)
结构:祈使句+连词+结果句:
Work hard, and you will pass.
时间连词辨析
when(动作可延续或短暂), while(仅延续动作,强调同时性)
例:While I was reading, she sang.(动作同时进行)
【典题举隅】
1.— There’re more and more foreigners living in China.
— That’s true. ________ the delicious food ________ the safe environment is their favorite.
A.Both, and B.Not only, but also C.Either, or D.Neither, nor
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——有越来越多的外国人住在中国。——这是真的。 不仅美味的食物,而且安全的环境是他们的最爱。
考查连词辨析。both…and……和……都;not only…but also不但……而且……:either…or要么……要么;neither…nor既不……也不。根据“the delicious food … the safe environment is their favorite”可知,外国人越来越喜欢住在中国不仅是因为美味的食物,也因为安全的环境,排除C和D选项。both…and连接并列主语,谓语动词用复数,此句用的动词是is,排除A,故选B。
2.— Do you prefer grapes ________ bananas?
— I prefer grapes ________ bananas.
A.or; or B.or; to C.than; to D.or; than
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你喜欢葡萄还是香蕉?——比起香蕉,我更喜欢葡萄。
考查连词及动词短语辨析。or或者;than比;第一空是选择一般疑问句用连词or;短语prefer...to...“比……更喜欢……”;prefer grapes or bananas“比起香蕉更喜欢葡萄”,故选B。
3.There’s a long distance from home to Century Park, ________ you’d better set off right now.
A.or B.but C.nor D.so
【答案】D
【解析】句意:从家到世纪公园有很长的距离,所以你最好现在就出发。
考查连词辨析。or否则,要不然;but但是;nor也不;so因此。根据上文“There’s a long distance from home to Century Park,”和下文“you’d better set off right now.”是因果关系,用连词so,故选D。
4.He knows English Chinese. But he knows Japanese.
A.both; and B.either; or C.neither; nor D.not only, but also
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他既不懂英语也不懂汉语。但是他懂日语。
此题考查连词短语词意。both… and两者都;either… or或者……或者……;neither… nor既不……也不;not only… but also不仅……而且。根据题干But he knows Japanese. "知前文为他既不懂英语也不懂汉语,故选C。
5.________ Tom ________ Mary speaks Chinese well. They can communicate with their Chinese friends very well.
A.Neither;nor B.Not only;but also C.Both;and D.Either;or
【答案】B
【解析】句意:不仅汤姆而且玛丽讲一口流利的汉语。他们能和他们的中国朋友交流得非常好。
考查并列连词短语辨析。Neither……nor既不……也不……;Not only…… but also不但……而且……;Both……and两者都;Either……or或者……或……。根据句意可知此处指他们两个的汉语都讲得好,再结合句中的“speaks”可知此处遵循的是就近原则。故选B。
6.Peter has a lot of homework to do, __________ he won’t go to bed until twelve o’clock.
A.so B.after C.because D.although
【答案】A
【解析】句意:彼得有很多作业要写,_____他直到12点才睡觉。
考查连词用法。 so所以,后跟结果; after在……以后;because因为,后跟原因;although虽然,尽管,后跟让步从句。根据句意可知后面跟的是结果,用连词so,故选A。
7.She was tired. she continued her work.
A.so B.until C.but D.that
【答案】C
【解析】句意:她很累。但她继续工作。A. so因此;B. until直到;C. but但是;D. that那个。句子She was tired.和句子she continued her work.之间存在着转折关系,因此选择but但是;语境是:她很累。但她继续工作。故选C。
8.Our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care. ______, we just pay attention to the problems like illness and poverty (贫穷).
A.Still B.Also
C.Besides D.Then
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们的生命是上帝以爱和关怀赐予我们的礼物。然而,我们只是关注疾病和贫困等问题。考查连词。Still“然而、但是”;Also“也”;Besides“除……之外”;Then“然后”。分析语境可知:我们的生命是上帝以爱和关怀赐予我们的礼物。然而,我们只是关注疾病和贫困等问题。故答案为A。
9.Stand over there________you’ll be able to see it better.
A.or B.while C.but D.and
【答案】D
【解析】句意:站在那边,你就能看得更清楚。
考查连词辨析。or或者,表示选择;否则;while当……的时候;but但是,表示转折;and并且,表示顺承。根据句意“站在那边,你就能看得更清楚”,表示顺承关系,因此用并列连词and。故选D。
10.The cost of living in Chengdu is among the lowest in China, ________ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A.while
B.when
C.as
D.since
【答案】A
【解析】句意:成都的生活费用是中国最低的,而生活质量可能是最高的。考查连词辨析题。while与…同时,强调主句和从句相反;when当时候,用于主句和从句动作有先后顺序时;as当……的时候,强调主句动作随从句动作而变化;since自从,后接时间段或从句,表示一段时间,用于现在完成时态。根据句意语境,可知两句意思相反,故选A。
单项选择
1.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Lixia, or the Start of Summer, is a time when the temperature increases quickly ________ heavier rainfall.
A.against B.with C.except D.among
【答案】B
【解析】句意:立夏,即夏天的开始,是气温迅速上升并伴随更多降雨的时节。
考查介词辨析。against紧靠;with和;except除了;among在……中。根据“when the temperature increases quickly...heavier rainfall.”可知,此处表示伴随,用介词with,表示“气温迅速上升并伴随更多降雨”。故选B。
2.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Harbin holds the “Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival” ________ January 5th every year.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
【答案】B
【解析】句意:哈尔滨在每年1月5日举办“哈尔滨国际冰雪节”。
考查时间介词用法。at后接具体时刻;on后接具体一天;in后接某年某月某季节;to到。“January 5th”是具体的一天,介词用on,故选B。
3.(2024·北京·中考真题)The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024.
A.at B.on C.to D.in
【答案】B
【解析】句意:嫦娥六号在2024年6月2日成功登上月球背面。
考查介词辨析。at用于具体的时刻前面;on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上;to表示方向或目的地;in用于年、月、季节的前面。根据“June 2, 2024”可知是具体的某一天,因此应用介词on。故选B。
4.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Fan Jinshi, born _______ 1938, has devoted all her time to protecting Dunhuang cultural heritage.
A.at B.on C.in D.by
【答案】C
【解析】句意:樊锦诗,1938年出生,毕生致力于敦煌文化遗产保护。
考查介词辨析。at其后加时间点等;on其后加星期或具体的时间;in其后加早中晚,月份,季节,年份等;by到……为止。“1938”是年份,用介词in。故选C。
5.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou.
A.to B.on C.at D.in
【答案】D
【解析】句意:马可波罗纪念馆位于扬州东关街东端。
考查介词辨析。to到;on在……上面;at在;in在……里面。此处指纪念馆位于扬州……,in Yangzhou“在扬州”,应用介词in。故选D。
6.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)________ spring, our city is full of green trees and beautiful flowers.
A.At B.In C.On D.Of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在春天,我们的城市绿树成荫,鲜花盛开。
考查介词辨析。at在某时刻;in在某年某月某季节;on在某一天;of……的。空后是季节,用介词in。故选B。
7.(2023·江苏常州·中考真题)My father goes back to Nanjing for the Spring Festival every year ________ last year because he was busy with his work in Changzhou.
A.including B.since C.except D.till
【答案】C
【解析】句意:除了去年,我父亲每年春节都回南京过年,因为他在常州工作很忙。
考查介词辨析。including包括;since自……以后;except除了;till直到。根据“My father goes back to Nanjing for the Spring Festival every year … last year because he was busy with his work in Changzhou”可知,每年春节都回南京过年,除了去年,故选C。
8.(2023·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)The travellers set out for the airport ________ 7 o’clock in the morning.
A.on B.to C.at D.of
【答案】C
【解析】句意:旅客们早上7点出发去机场。
考查介词辨析。on在某一天或某天的早中晚;to到;at在某时刻;of……的。空格后是具体时刻,用介词at。故选C。
9.(2023·辽宁大连·中考真题)—How long have you learned English?
—________ six years.
A.In B.For C.At D.From
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你学英语多久了?——六年了。
考查时间介词。In后接年份、月份、季节等;For后接一段时间;At在后接时间点;From从……起,来自。six years“六年”为一段时间,空处应是for。故选B。
10.(2023·江苏南通·中考真题)Shenzhou 16 was sent up into space ________ the morning of May 30, 2023.
A.in B.on C.at D.from
【答案】B
【解析】句意:神舟16号于2023年5月30日上午发射升空。
考查介词辨析。in后加某年某月某季节;on后加具体的某一天,或某一天的早中晚;at后加具体时刻;from从。根据“the morning of May 30, 2023.”可知具体到某一天的上午,应用on。故选B。
11.(2023·北京·中考真题)It’s a good idea to visit Beijing ________ October.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在十月份参观北京是个好主意。
考查时间介词。at后接具体时刻等;on后接具体某一天等;in后接年月等;to到。根据“October”可知此处表示在十月,用介词in。故选C。
12.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)About 12,000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon ________ April 2.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
【答案】B
【解析】句意:4月2日,约1.2万人参加了2023宿迁马拉松比赛。
考查介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;on后接具体一天;in后接年、月、季节等;to到。April 2指具体的一天,其前应加介词on。故选B。
13.(2023·辽宁沈阳·中考真题)Three Shenzhou XV heroes successfully came back to the Earth ________ June 4, 2023.
A.at B.on C.in D.until
【答案】B
【解析】句意:2023年6月4日,三名神舟十五号英雄成功返回地球。
考查时间介词的用法。at后接具体的时刻;on后接具体的一天;in后接某年某月某季节;until直到。“June 4, 2023”是具体的一天,空处应填on,故选B。
14.(2023·云南·中考真题)—Hi, Mike. When is the Space Day of China?
—It falls ________ April 24 every year.
A.at B.in C.on D.for
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你好,迈克。中国的航天日是什么时候?——每年的4月24日。
考查介词辨析。at后跟具体时刻; in后跟年/月/季节等;on后跟具体的某一天;for后跟一段时间。空后“April 24”是表示4月24日,需用介词on。故选C。
15.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—________ of the students in our class have passed the exam.
—Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder.
A.One fifth B.Four five C.Four fifths D.One five
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我们班五分之四的学生通过了考试。——哦,那意味着他们中的20%应该更加努力。
考查分数表达。One fifth五分之一;Four five四五;Four fifths五分之四;One five一五。根据“20% of them should work harder”可知,有20%的学生没通过考试,即五分之一的学生没通过考试,那么通过考试的人数占五分之四。Four fifths表示五分之四。故选C。
16.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—How long is the bridge?
—About ________ long.
A.two thousand metre B.two thousand metres
C.two thousands metre D.two thousands metres
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——这座桥有多长?——大约2000米长。
考查数词的表达。thousand前有基数词修饰,不加s,后面的名词用复数形式,故选B。
17.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ of the students are in the art club.
A.Two third B.Two thirds C.Third two D.Thirds two
【答案】B
【解析】句意:三分之二的学生参加了艺术俱乐部。
考查分数的表达。分数的表达中,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,且当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。B选项Two thirds意为“三分之二”,符合语法规则。故选B。
18.(2024·山东东营·中考真题)I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister.
A.one B.the first C.the second D.the third
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我是家里的第二个孩子。我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。
考查序数词。one一;the first第一;the second第二;the third第三。根据“I have an elder brother and a younger sister.”可知,“我”有一个哥哥和一个妹妹,所以“我”是家里的第二个孩子。故选C。
19.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)June is the ________ month of a year.
A.fifth B.sixth C.seventh D.eighth
【答案】B
【解析】句意:六月是一年中的第六个月。
考查序数词辨析和常识。fifth第五;sixth第六;seventh第七;eighth第八。根据“June is the ... month of a year.”和常识可知,六月是一年中的第六个月。故选B。
20.(2023·上海·中考真题)The village is really beautiful. We’ve decided to stay for ________ two days.
A.others B.the others C.the other D.another
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个村庄真的很漂亮。我们决定再待两天。
考查代词辨析。others其他的人或物;the others其他人或物(两部分中);the other两者中的另一个;another另一个(三者及以上)。根据“two days”可知此处指再待两天,用结构another+数词+名词复数“再几个……”。故选D。
21.(2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)—China Shanghai International Children’s Book Fair has been held nine times.
—Yes. The ________ fair was held from December 2 to 4, 2022.
A.nine B.ninth C.nineteenth D.ninety
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——中国上海国际儿童图书博览会已经举办了九届。——是的。第九届进博会于2022年12月2日至4日举行。
考查序数词。nine九;ninth第九;nineteenth第十九;ninety九十。根据“has been held nine times.”以及“The...fair was held...”可知博览会已经举办了九届,此处指第九届,用序数词。故选B。
22.(2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)—On Tree Planting Day, the students in our school planted five ___________ trees on the hill.
—Good job! Everyone can do some things to make our hometown greener.
A.hundreds B.hundred of C.hundreds of D.hundred
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——在植树节这一天,我们学校的学生在山上种了五百棵树。——做得好!每个人都可以做点什么来让我们的家乡变得更绿色。
考查hundred/thousand等大数的表达。hundreds几百;hundred of错误表达,hundred应用复数形式;hundreds of成百上千;hundred百。根据“five”可知在基数词后hundred应用单数形式,不能用复数形式,也不可以在后面加上介词of。故选D。
23.(2023·内蒙古·中考真题)The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative English homework.
A.is; three fifth B.is; three fifths C.are; three fifth D.are; three fifths
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这所学校有五百名学生,大约五分之三的学生喜欢创造性英语作业。
考查主谓一致和分数表达。The number of表示“……的数量”,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数,排除CD;分数表达为:基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式,因此“五分之三”为“ three fifths”。故选B。
24.(2023·西藏·中考真题)It is the ________ time for him to take part in this kind of game.
A.one B.two C.three D.third
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这是他第三次参加这种比赛了。
考查序数词表示顺序。one一;two二;three三;third第三。根据“the…time”可知此处应用序数词third表示顺序,the third time意为“第三次”。故选D。
25.(2023·山东滨州·中考真题)The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ________. And ________ of them are girls.
A.thousand; two third B.thousands; two third
C.thousand; two thirds D.thousands; two thirds
【答案】C
【解析】句意:去听这场音乐会的歌迷大约有三千人,其中三分之二是女孩。
考查thousand和分数的表达。thousand被具体的基数词修饰时,用单数形式,且不与of连用,表示具体的数词,空前有three,所以第一空填thousand;分数的表达:分子(基数词)/分母(序数词),当分子大于1时,分母中的序数词要变为复数,所以三分之二则表达为“two thirds”,故选C。
26.(2023·甘肃武威·中考真题)—What’s thirty and ten?
—It’s ________.
A.forty B.fifty C.seventy D.eighty
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——三十加十是多少?——四十。
考查数字运算。forty四十;fifty五十;seventy七十;eighty八十。根据“What’s thirty and ten”以及常识可知三十加十是四十。故选A。
27.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—I like cooking, ________ I’m not good at it.
—You may ask Lily for help. She cooks nice food.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我喜欢做饭,但我不擅长。——你可以向莉莉求助。她做的菜很好吃。
考查连词辨析。and和;but但是;or或者;so所以。前后两句是转折关系,用but连接。故选B。
28.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)The mascots for the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games share a motto (座右铭): Alone we go faster, ________ together we go further.
A.but B.because C.although D.so
【答案】A
【解析】句意:2024年巴黎奥运会和残奥会的吉祥物有一个共同的座右铭:独行行更快,同行走更远。
考查连词辨析。but但是;because因为;although虽然;so所以。“Alone we go faster,”和“together we go further.”是转折关系,用but连接。故选A。
29.(2024·江西·中考真题)Oh, I get it—you want me to do all the work ________ you sit at home doing nothing.
A.or B.while C.until D.unless
【答案】B
【解析】句意:哦,我明白了——你想让我做所有的工作而你坐在家里无所事事。
考查连词辨析。or或者;while然而;until直到;unless除非。根据“you want me to do all the work ... you sit at home doing nothing”可知,前后两句构成转折关系,用while连接,故选B。
30.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Mr. Hong has helped me improve my handwriting a lot, _______ I want to thank him with my fantastic works.
A.as B.but C.so D.or
【答案】C
【解析】句意:洪老师帮助我提高了很多书法,所以我想用我的精彩作品来感谢他。
考查连词辨析。as因为;but但是;so所以;or或者。前后两句构成因果关系,前因后果,用so连接,故选C。
31.(2023·西藏·中考真题)Ice-cream is delicious, ________ we can’t eat too much.
A.and B.so C.because D.but
【答案】D
【解析】句意:冰淇淋很好吃,但是我们不能吃太多。
考查表示转折关系的并列连词。and和;so因此;because因为;but但是。空格前后两句为转折关系,应用表示转折关系的并列连词but来连接。故选D。
32.(2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)It took us nearly eight hours to get to Zibo, ________ it was worth it because it’s an amazing city, where people are kind and friendly.
A.and B.but C.so D.or
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们花了将近八个小时才到达淄博,但这是值得的,因为这是一个令人惊叹的城市,那里的人们善良友好。
考查连词辨析。and和;but但是;so所以;or或者。前后两句是转折关系,用but连接。故选B。
33.(2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题)David, go to bed early, ________ you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow.
A.and B.unless C.or D.but
【答案】C
【解析】句意:大卫,早点睡觉,否则明天上课你会犯困的。
考查连词辨析。and并且;unless除非;or不然,否则;but但是。此处是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的结构,结合空后可知,要早点睡觉,否则明天上课会犯困的。故选C。
34.(2023·北京·中考真题)It was difficult to climb the mountain, ________ Sam got to the top at last.
A.or B.so C.for D.but
【答案】D
【解析】句意:爬山很困难,但是Sam最终还是到达了山顶。
考查从属连词辨析。or或者,否则;so因此;for因为;but但是。根据空前“It was difficult to climb the mountain”和空格后“Sam got to the top at last”可知前后分句为转折关系,应用表示转折关系的连词but来连接。故选D。
35.(2023·江西·中考真题)Mary cut her knee badly, ________ she didn’t cry.
A.but B.as C.so D.since
【答案】A
【解析】句意:玛丽的膝盖受了重伤,但她没有哭。
考查连词辨析。but但是;as因为;so所以;since自从。前后两句是转折关系,用but连接。故选A。
36.(2023·江苏扬州·中考真题)Everyone will have to get out of their houses ________ meet their neighbours.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
【答案】A
【解析】句意:每个人都必须走出家门去见见他们的邻居。
考查连词辨析。and和;but但是;or或者;so因此。“get out of their houses”与“meet their neighbours”是并列关系,用and连接,故选A。
37.(2023·云南·中考真题)He has failed many times, ________ he never loses heart.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他失败了很多次,但他从未灰心。
考查连词辨析。and和;but但是;or或者;so因此。前后句之间是转折关系,需用转折连词but。故选B。
38.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—When and where shall we talk about the plans?
—You can come to my office tomorrow ________ I’ll come to your place next Monday.
A.and B.or C.but D.so
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我们何时何地谈论计划?——你可以明天来我的办公室,或者我下周一来你家。
考查连词辨析。and和;or或者;but但是;so因此。此处是选择关系,或者“你”来“我”办公室,或者“我”去“你”家。故选B。
39.(2022·吉林长春·中考真题)Don’t throw rubbish everywhere, ________ our environment will get worse.
A.but B.so C.and D.or
【答案】D
【解析】句意:不要到处扔垃圾,否则我们的环境会变得更糟。
考查连词辨析。but但是;so因此;and和;or否则。根据“Don’t throw rubbish everywhere,… our environment will get worse.”可知,不要扔垃圾否则环境就会更糟,故选D。
40.(2022·西藏·中考真题)The ________ day of October is National Day.
A.one B.two C.first D.second
【答案】C
【解析】句意:十月一日是国庆节。
考查序数词的用法以及常识。one一,基数词;two二,基数词;first第一,序数词;second第二,序数词。根据“The … day of October”可知,此处指十月的第几天,用序数词表示顺序,排除A和B选项。结合选项10月1日是国庆节,故选C。
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专题02 词法之介词、数词、连词
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 1
1.介词的类别与功能及易错点 2
2.数词的构成与功能及易错点 6
3.连词的类别与功能及易混点 10
中考练场 14
【题型解读】
中考英语单项选择题长期以多维度知识覆盖为核心,综合考查语法规则(如时态、语态、从句)、词汇辨析(近义词、固定搭配)及情景交际能力,强调对初中英语核心知识点的系统掌握。近年命题呈现语境化考查趋势,通过对话、生活场景等真实语境设置选项,要求考生结合上下文逻辑和语言习惯解题,例如在“请求允许”或“表达建议”等交际功能中考查语言应用能力。此外,试题干扰性设计增强,通过相似固定搭配(如“look forward to”与“look up to”)、时态混淆(如一般过去时与现在完成时)等设置陷阱,需考生细致分析题干信息以避免误判。
【命题规律】
中考英语单项选择题对介词、数词及连词的考查呈现以下规律:介词侧重时间/地点辨析与固定搭配,如时间介词in/on/at的区分(on用于具体日期如“September 23rd”)、地点短语by bus(零冠词)及逻辑关系词since(接时间点)与after(接时间段)的语境判断。数词考查重点为基数词与序数词转换(如日期“May 1st”需用序数词)、单位词规则(如three hundred单数形式)及特殊表达(如年龄in his twenties)。连词则聚焦逻辑关系判断(如并列and/but、选择or)及从句引导词(如宾语从句中that的省略规则),需注意连词与介词的混淆(如because+从句 vs. because of+名词)。三类考点常融入情景对话或语法结构,需结合真题强化语境分析能力。
【解题技巧】
一、介词
1时间/地点介词辨析
时间介词:区分in(年/月/季节)、on(具体某日)、at(时刻),如“______ September 23rd”选on。
地点介词:固定搭配如by bus(零冠词)、on time(准时),需结合语境判断。
逻辑关系:如since(接时间点,表延续)与after(接时间段,表过去动作)需根据上下文选择。
2.固定搭配与语境分析
熟记高频短语(如be interested in、look forward to)。注意介词与动词/形容词的固定搭配(如agree with、afraid of)。
二、数词
1.基数词与序数词转换
日期表达中序数词必用(如“May 1st”中的1st)。
特殊序数词拼写(如twelfth而非twelveth)需强化记忆。
2单位词规则与特殊表达
具体数字+单数单位词(three hundred);泛指用复数+of(thousands of)。
年龄(in his twenties)、年代(in the 1990s)等特殊表达需注意介词搭配。
三、连词
1.逻辑关系判断
并列关系(and/but/or):如“I like apples, ______ he prefers bananas”选but。
从句引导词:宾语从句中that可省略,if/whether用于疑问句(如“I wonder ______ he will come”)。
2.连词与介词区分
连词后接完整句(because he is ill),介词后接名词/短语(because of his illness)。
(一)介词的类别与功能
【考点诠释】
介词是虚词,用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词不能单独在句中作成分,必须与名词、代词或动名词等构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。
分类依据
类别
定义/特点
常见介词
按形式分类
简单介词
单一介词,如in, on, at等
about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等
合成介词
由两个介词构成的合成词
into, onto, throughout, upon, within等
短语介词
由短语构成,如because of, instead of等
according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等
双重介词
由两个介词搭配而成
from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等
分词介词
由现在分词转化而来
considering, including, regarding, concerning等
兼类介词
由形容词直接转化而来
like, unlike, near, next, opposite等
按意义分类
时间介词
表示时间关系
in, on, at, during, before, after等
地点介词
表示地点、方位和方向关系
at, in, on, to, under, over, above, below等
方式介词
表示方式、手段或工具
by, with, in, through, by means of等
逻辑关系介词
表示因果、条件等逻辑关系
because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, without等
介词短语的语法功能:
作定语:修饰名词,放在被修饰词的后面,对被修饰的词起到限制作用。
作状语:修饰动词或句子,表示时间、地点、方式、条件、伴随、原因等。
其他功能:介词短语还可以作表语、补语或同位语等,为句子增添丰富的意义。
易错点提示:
时间短语前介词的使用:注意在this, that, these, next, last等词构成的短语前面通常不用介词。
方位介词的区分:如in(在……里面)、on(在……上面,与表面有接触)等,要准确理解并区分它们的用法。
固定搭配的混淆:避免将相似但意义不同的介词短语混淆,如be interested in(对……感兴趣)与be interested at(错误搭配)。
【典题举隅】
1._________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A.As B.For C.with D.Through
2.—Do you know any other foreign languages ________ English?
—Yes, I’m also good at Japanese and French.
A.besides B.except C.except for D.beside
3.Three Taikonauts gave a science lecture (讲座) 400 kilometers above the Earth to millions of students ________ Wednesday afternoon, March 23, 2022 in the Tiangong space station.
A.at B.on C.in D.with
4.Lily often helps her mum do some gardening ________ Sundays.
A.at B.to C.on D.in
5.The English exam ________ two parts, ________ objective item(客观题)and subjective item (主观题). Please complete each part carefully.
A.divides into; includes B.divided into; including
C.is divided into; included D.is divided into; including
6.There’re so many things around us _________ our will. However, we’ve no excuse to give up.
A.through B.towards C.against D.under
7.It was really helpful ________ her to clean up the street ________ a cold winter morning.
A.of; on B.of; at C.for; on D.for; at
8.The apples are divided ________ two ________. One is for my sister, the other is for me.
A.in; half B.into; halves C.in; halves D.into; halfs
9.— Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
— Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s ________ the south of China, ________ the south of Henan.
A.in; to B.on; to C.in; on D.on; in
10.President Xi arrived ________ Guilin and visited the Li River ________ April 25th this year.
A.at; in B.in; on C.at; on D.in; in
(二)数词的构成与功能
【考点诠释】
初中英语语法中的数词分为基数词(表示数量,如one, two)和序数词(表示顺序,如first, second)。
基数词构成规则:1-12独立记忆,13-19加-teen(如thirteen),20-90整十数加-ty(如twenty);序数词1-3特殊(如third),4-19加-th(如fourth),整十数变y为i加-eth(如twentieth)。
数词功能包括:基数词表数量(five apples)、时间(7:30)、年龄(15 years old);序数词表顺序(the first prize)、日期(March 18th)。特殊用法含分数(分子基数+分母序数,如three quarters)、小数(0.5读作zero point five)、百分数(55%读作fifty-five percent)。
需注意:hundred, thousand表确数用单数(five hundred),表概数用复数(hundreds of);编号可用基数词后置(Room 101)或序数词前置(the third lesson)。
分类维度
类别
定义/特点
示例
基本分类
基数词
表示数目的多少
one, two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, etc.
序数词
表示顺序或等级
first, second, third, fourth, fifth, tenth, twentieth, thirtieth, etc.
构成与变化
基数词
1-12独立记忆,13-19加-teen,20-90加-ty
13-thirteen, 19-nineteen, 20-twenty, 90-ninety
序数词
1-3特殊,4-19加-th,20-90变y为i加-eth
1-first, 2-second, 3-third, 4-fourth, 20-twentieth, 90-ninetieth
用法
基数词
表示数量、编号、时间、年龄等
There are five apples. (数量)
Room 101. (编号)
It's 7:30. (时间)
She's 15 years old. (年龄)
序数词
表示顺序、编号、日期等
The first prize. (顺序)
Lesson Three. (编号)
March 18th, 2025. (日期)
特殊用法
分数
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分母大于1时,序数词用复数形式
1/2 - one half
3/4 - three quarters
小数
小数点读作point,数字按基数词读法
0.426 - zero point four two six
百分数
读作percent,与基数词连用
55% - fifty-five percent
注意事项
复数形式
基数词表大量数目时,hundred, thousand等用单数或复数+of短语
five hundred students
hundreds of people
编号表达
基数词后置或the+序数词+名词
Lesson Three = the third lesson
缩写形式
序数词可缩写为数字+序数词最后两个字母
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.
【典题举隅】
1.—Do you know the man ________ visited the Charity School?
—Yes. He is Mr. Li. It is said that it was his ________ visit to the school.
A.who; the fifth B.that; the fifth C./; fifth D.who; fifth
2.About ________ fans are waiting here. They want to see the great singer.
A.two thousand of B.a few thousand
C.several thousands D.two thousands
3.—How many students are there in this school?
—There are ________ students in this school. ________ of them are foreign students.
A.two thousands; Two fifth B.two thousand; Two fifth
C.two thousands; Two fifths D.two thousand; Two fifths
4.Nancy’s ______ most successful moment came in ______ forties.
A./; her B.the; her C.the; hers D./; hers
5.My brother spends ________ of his money buying books every year.
A.two fifths B.two fifth C.second fifths D.one fifths
6.Nowadays, ________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ________ of them are adults.
A.a number of; four fifths B.a number of; four fifth
C.the number of; four fifth D.the number of; four fifths
7.About ________ of the teachers in our school ________ born in ________.
A.two-thirds; was; 1970 B.two-thirds; were; the 1970s C.two-third; was; 1970s D.two third; were; the 1970
8.—If you want to change for a double room, you’ll have to pay ________ 20 dollars.
—All right.
A.more B.each C.other D.another
9.________ the foreign students in Tsinghua University has increased a lot. It's said that there are ________ European students in it now.
A.A number of; eight thousand B.The number of; eight thousands
C.A number of; thousands of D.The number of; thousands of
10.—Can you change a hundred for five ________?
—Sorry, I can't. Perhaps you can ask the salesman.
A.twenty B.twelve C.twenties D.twentieth
(三)连词的类别与功能
【考点诠释】
初中英语语法之连词是用于连接词、短语、从句或句子的虚词,本身不能独立担任句子成分。其核心功能是衔接不同语言单位,使表达逻辑连贯、结构完整。根据作用逻辑,连词主要分为:(1)并列连词:连接并列对等的成分;(2)从属连词:引导从句与主句建立逻辑关系。部分连词(如not only...but also...、neither...nor...)需遵循就近原则,即谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。
分类
子类/作用
常见连词/短语
用法说明及例句
并列连词
并列关系
and, both...and..., not only...but also...
连接对等成分,表并列:
She likes apples and bananas.
选择关系
or, either...or..., neither...nor...
提供选项或否定两者:
You can choose either tea or coffee.
转折关系
but, yet, while, however
表达前后语义对立:
He is young, but he knows a lot.
因果关系
so, for
连接因果逻辑:
It rained, so the match was canceled.
从属连词
时间状语从句
when, while, after, as soon as
引导时间关系:
When he arrived, we started dinner.
条件状语从句
if, unless
表达假设或条件:
If it rains, we will stay home.
原因状语从句
because, since, as
说明原因:
He failed because he didn't study.
让步状语从句
though, even if, although
表让步转折:
Though it was late, he kept working.
特殊用法与规则
就近原则
either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...
谓语动词与最近主语一致:
Neither Tom nor his friends like hiking.
祈使句+连词表条件
and(表肯定条件), or(表否定条件)
结构:祈使句+连词+结果句:
Work hard, and you will pass.
时间连词辨析
when(动作可延续或短暂), while(仅延续动作,强调同时性)
例:While I was reading, she sang.(动作同时进行)
【典题举隅】
1.— There’re more and more foreigners living in China.
— That’s true. ________ the delicious food ________ the safe environment is their favorite.
A.Both, and B.Not only, but also C.Either, or D.Neither, nor
2.— Do you prefer grapes ________ bananas?
— I prefer grapes ________ bananas.
A.or; or B.or; to C.than; to D.or; than
3.There’s a long distance from home to Century Park, ________ you’d better set off right now.
A.or B.but C.nor D.so
4.He knows English Chinese. But he knows Japanese.
A.both; and B.either; or C.neither; nor D.not only, but also
5.________ Tom ________ Mary speaks Chinese well. They can communicate with their Chinese friends very well.
A.Neither;nor B.Not only;but also C.Both;and D.Either;or
6.Peter has a lot of homework to do, __________ he won’t go to bed until twelve o’clock.
A.so B.after C.because D.although
7.She was tired. she continued her work.
A.so B.until C.but D.that
8.Our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care. ______, we just pay attention to the problems like illness and poverty (贫穷).
A.Still B.Also
C.Besides D.Then
9.Stand over there________you’ll be able to see it better.
A.or B.while C.but D.and
10.The cost of living in Chengdu is among the lowest in China, ________ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A.while
B.when
C.as
D.since
单项选择
1.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Lixia, or the Start of Summer, is a time when the temperature increases quickly ________ heavier rainfall.
A.against B.with C.except D.among
2.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Harbin holds the “Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival” ________ January 5th every year.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
3.(2024·北京·中考真题)The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024.
A.at B.on C.to D.in
4.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Fan Jinshi, born _______ 1938, has devoted all her time to protecting Dunhuang cultural heritage.
A.at B.on C.in D.by
5.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou.
A.to B.on C.at D.in
6.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)________ spring, our city is full of green trees and beautiful flowers.
A.At B.In C.On D.Of
7.(2023·江苏常州·中考真题)My father goes back to Nanjing for the Spring Festival every year ________ last year because he was busy with his work in Changzhou.
A.including B.since C.except D.till
8.(2023·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)The travellers set out for the airport ________ 7 o’clock in the morning.
A.on B.to C.at D.of
9.(2023·辽宁大连·中考真题)—How long have you learned English?
—________ six years.
A.In B.For C.At D.From
10.(2023·江苏南通·中考真题)Shenzhou 16 was sent up into space ________ the morning of May 30, 2023.
A.in B.on C.at D.from
11.(2023·北京·中考真题)It’s a good idea to visit Beijing ________ October.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
12.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)About 12,000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon ________ April 2.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
13.(2023·辽宁沈阳·中考真题)Three Shenzhou XV heroes successfully came back to the Earth ________ June 4, 2023.
A.at B.on C.in D.until
14.(2023·云南·中考真题)—Hi, Mike. When is the Space Day of China?
—It falls ________ April 24 every year.
A.at B.in C.on D.for
15.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—________ of the students in our class have passed the exam.
—Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder.
A.One fifth B.Four five C.Four fifths D.One five
16.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—How long is the bridge?
—About ________ long.
A.two thousand metre B.two thousand metres
C.two thousands metre D.two thousands metres
17.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ of the students are in the art club.
A.Two third B.Two thirds C.Third two D.Thirds two
18.(2024·山东东营·中考真题)I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister.
A.one B.the first C.the second D.the third
19.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)June is the ________ month of a year.
A.fifth B.sixth C.seventh D.eighth
20.(2023·上海·中考真题)The village is really beautiful. We’ve decided to stay for ________ two days.
A.others B.the others C.the other D.another
21.(2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)—China Shanghai International Children’s Book Fair has been held nine times.
—Yes. The ________ fair was held from December 2 to 4, 2022.
A.nine B.ninth C.nineteenth D.ninety
22.(2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)—On Tree Planting Day, the students in our school planted five ___________ trees on the hill.
—Good job! Everyone can do some things to make our hometown greener.
A.hundreds B.hundred of C.hundreds of D.hundred
23.(2023·内蒙古·中考真题)The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative English homework.
A.is; three fifth B.is; three fifths C.are; three fifth D.are; three fifths
24.(2023·西藏·中考真题)It is the ________ time for him to take part in this kind of game.
A.one B.two C.three D.third
25.(2023·山东滨州·中考真题)The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ________. And ________ of them are girls.
A.thousand; two third B.thousands; two third
C.thousand; two thirds D.thousands; two thirds
26.(2023·甘肃武威·中考真题)—What’s thirty and ten?
—It’s ________.
A.forty B.fifty C.seventy D.eighty
27.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—I like cooking, ________ I’m not good at it.
—You may ask Lily for help. She cooks nice food.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
28.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)The mascots for the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games share a motto (座右铭): Alone we go faster, ________ together we go further.
A.but B.because C.although D.so
29.(2024·江西·中考真题)Oh, I get it—you want me to do all the work ________ you sit at home doing nothing.
A.or B.while C.until D.unless
30.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Mr. Hong has helped me improve my handwriting a lot, _______ I want to thank him with my fantastic works.
A.as B.but C.so D.or
31.(2023·西藏·中考真题)Ice-cream is delicious, ________ we can’t eat too much.
A.and B.so C.because D.but
32.(2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)It took us nearly eight hours to get to Zibo, ________ it was worth it because it’s an amazing city, where people are kind and friendly.
A.and B.but C.so D.or
33.(2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题)David, go to bed early, ________ you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow.
A.and B.unless C.or D.but
34.(2023·北京·中考真题)It was difficult to climb the mountain, ________ Sam got to the top at last.
A.or B.so C.for D.but
35.(2023·江西·中考真题)Mary cut her knee badly, ________ she didn’t cry.
A.but B.as C.so D.since
36.(2023·江苏扬州·中考真题)Everyone will have to get out of their houses ________ meet their neighbours.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
37.(2023·云南·中考真题)He has failed many times, ________ he never loses heart.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
38.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—When and where shall we talk about the plans?
—You can come to my office tomorrow ________ I’ll come to your place next Monday.
A.and B.or C.but D.so
39.(2022·吉林长春·中考真题)Don’t throw rubbish everywhere, ________ our environment will get worse.
A.but B.so C.and D.or
40.(2022·西藏·中考真题)The ________ day of October is National Day.
A.one B.two C.first D.second
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