易错点06 动词时态与语态(四大易错点+易错通关练)-备战2025年中考英语考试易错题(浙江专用)

易错点06 动词时态与语态 目录 Group 1 一般时态的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 Group 2 进行时态的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 Group 3 现在完成时谓语形式、用法及时间状语 Group 4 各种时态的被动语态的构成及句法功能 一般时态的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 一、一般现在时的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 do/does 例句 用法 表示经常的或习惯性的动作 He often gets up at six every day. 表示现在的状态 My father is at work. 表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征 —Does he speak English? —Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t. 表示客观事实和普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 表示计划、安排好的将来动作 The plane takes off at eleven o’clock in the morning. 用在时间、条件状语从句中 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the park. 时间状语 always、usually、often、sometimes、every day、twice a week、today、in the morning、on Sunday 二、一般过去时的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 did 例句 用法 过去发生的动作或存在的状态 —What did you have for breakfast this morning? —I had a bowl of noodles. 说话时已不复存在的情况 I didn’t know I lost my pen. 描述过去发生的一连串动作 Just now Bob turned off the light, closed the door and left. 时间状语 yesterday、the day before yesterday、last night、then、at that time、several days ago等。以及由after、before、when引导的表示过去的时间状语从句 五、一般将来时的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 will/shall/be going to+动词原形 例句 用法 将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 We will not be free until 7:30 pm. 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作 I will come to see you every weekend. 有迹象表示某事要发生,多用be going to I am afraid it’s going to rain. 表示计划、打算做某事,多用be going to He is going to see his uncle next Sunday. 时间状语 tomorrow、next month、in a few days、one day、when和 after等引导的时间状语从句 1．—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking. —Sorry. Jim ________ for the station to meet his father. His train ________ at 2: 30 p.m. A．will leave; will arrive B．leaves; was arriving C．is leaving; was arriving D．is leaving; arrives 2．The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister. A．which; is B．whom; was C．who; is D．who; was 3．The new book ________ so well that it ________ out in all the bookshops in my town. A．is sold; sells B．sells; sells C．is sold; is sold D．sells; is sold 4．—Why didn’t you come to the party last night? —I don’t like staying with others. I ________ reading alone instead. A．prefer B．enjoyed C．suggest D．dislike 5．—I will go to Guangdong for my summer holidays, mom. —I will meet you when you ________ the airport. A．will reach B．reaches C．reached D．reach 6．—Gina, do you know if it ________ tomorrow? —Sorry, I don t know. We won't go there if it ________. A． will rain；will rain B．will rain； rains C．rains； rains D．rains；will rain 7．—I want to know if he ________ back tomorrow. —I’ll call you as soon as he ________. A．will come; will return B．will come; returns C．comes; will return D．come; returns 8．I wonder if it________tomorrow. If it________, I won’t climb the mountains. A．rains, rains B．will rain, will rain C．will rain, rains D．rains, will rain 9．This pair of shoes________Mom, and it________very comfortable. A．was made with; is felt B．were made from; is felt C．were made by; feels D．was made by; feels 10．Every year thousands of tourists________the mountain area to relax themselves. A．visited B．were visiting C．visit D．have visited 11．—Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Of course. Actually, I ________ there for six years but now I live in Zhenjiang. A．worked B．was working C．would work D．have worked 12．I ________ at the door three times, but no one replied. A．knocked B．am knocking C．have knocked D．will knock 13．— How long have you _________ this car? — I ________ it last year. A．bought; bought B．bought ; buy C．had;bought D．bought; had 14．The movie had already begun, but Lisa didn’t ________. What happened to her? A．give up B．take up C．stay up D．show up 15．—Could you tell me ________ yesterday? —Because my bike was broken on my way here. A．why you came late B．why do you come late C．how you come late D．how did you come late 16．There ________ many ordinary（平凡）Chinese making great contributions to our motherland last year. A．has B．had C．were D．was 17．—Has your aunt come back from New York? —Yes. She _________ there for three months to help people there fight against the flu. A．has stayed B．stays C．stayed D．will stay 18．— Has your father come back from Shanghai? — Yes. He ________ there for about one month to help people there fight against the virus. A．has stayed B．stays C．stayed D．will stay 19．Linda is excited about the coming weekend because she ________ several old friends. A．sees B．saw C．has seen D．is going to see 20．I don’t know if it ________ tomorrow. If it ________, I won’t go. A．will rain; rains B．will rain; will rain C．rains; rains D．rains; will rain 21．— Will you go to the party with us tonight? — I’m not sure. If Sandy doesn’t go, _________. A．so do I B．neither will I C．So will I D．neither do I 22．— I'm moving to London. Let's stay in touch. — Of course. And you_________never ________ . A．will; forget B．were; forgotten C．are; forgot D．will; be forgotten 23．Mary is having dinner with her friends now. She ________ you back after the dinner. A．calls B．called C．will call D．have called 24．—Who made the living room in such a mess? —Mum, Tom did it, but he promises he ________ it. A．tidies B．has tidied C．is tidying D．will tidy 25．— Do you know the schedule of our school trip? —No. I Jenny to ask her about it but I can’t find my phone. A．call B．am calling C．have called D．am going to call 进行时态的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 一、现在进行时的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 am/is/are+ 现在分词 例句 用法 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作 Look! I’m watching TV at home. 表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作 They are learning English in the summer holiday. 与always、forever等词连用表示赞扬、厌恶或不满等情感 You are always thinking of your work. 时间状语 now、today、these days 等 【注意】 (1)表示位置移动的动词。如:come、go、arrive、leave 等。它们的现在进行时可表示将来。如:Be careful!The train is coming. 小心!火车就要来了。 (2)若一个句子以look、listen等祈使语气的动词开头,常用进行时。如:Listen! The boys are reading English. 听!那些男孩在读英语。 二、过去进行时的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 was/were +现在分词 例句 用法 过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 —What were you doing at nine last night? —I was watching TV. 描述故事情节,使故事变得生动精彩 The children were leaving school when they saw a truck. 时间状语 at the time、this time yesterday、at ten yesterday、just then、yesterday morning、when引导的时间状语从句等 26．Mr. Wang isn’t free now. He ________ the lesson in the office. A．prepares B．prepared C．is preparing D．will prepare 27．Justin can’t help me to move the piano because he ________ English online. A．is studying B．studied C．will study D．studies 28．—It’s a nice day, isn’t? —Yes. The sun doesn’t shine every day here, but it today. A．shone B．is shining C．has shone D．was shining 29．—Wow, so many old magazines at your home. —Too many! I ________  about how to deal with them. A．think B．thought C．am thinking D．will think 30．The president of the college, together with the teachers _______ having a meeting for the purpose of developing rules. A．is B．are C．were D．will be 31．— What’s that noise, Sam? — My little brother ________ his toy car. A．played B．is playing C．plays D．was playing 32．—Mary, let's go to the cinema. There’s a new movie called Avengers IV. —Not now, I _____________ my brother David with his math. A．help B．helped C．am helping D．have helped 33．—I haven't seen Jack for a couple of days. —He ________ for the English speaking competition which will take place next week. A．will prepare B．is preparing C．has prepared D．was preparing 34．Don't be sad. The long vacation we are looking forward to ________ soon. A．come B．coming C．is coming D．came 35．––What a pleasant surprise to see you here! I you Chongqing. ––Me too. But I there next Friday. A．think; have gone to; am going B．thought; had gone to; will go C．thought; had been to; will go D．think; have been to; am going 36．—Remember the first time we met, Jim? —Of course I do. You ________ in the library. A．read B．had read C．were reading D．have read 37．— Tom, why were you late for school this morning? — I was so unlucky. Three buses went by without stopping while I ______ at the bus stop. A．waited B．am waiting C．was waiting D．have waited 38．Jane was looking for a present for Mum while Sam ________ a table at the restaurant. A．was booking B．had booked C．would book D．booked 39．—Chinese women’s football team won the Asia Cup again after 16 years. —That was a great moment. I ________ the game on TV all the time. A．have watched B．watched C．am watching D．was watching 40．—Why didn’t you answer me just now? —I ________ the number of the books. A．am counting B．will count C．count D．was counting 41．Tom saw a traffic accident when he _________ his bicycle along the road. A．rides B．has rode C．was riding D．had rode 42．I ________ a model plane for my science project when Tina called me. A．make B．was making C．made D．am making 43．—Did you notice what happened outside just now? —No, I didn’t. Because I _______ my clothes at that time. A．am washing B．was washing C．will wash D．have washed 44．— Tom, are you listening to me? — Sorry, sir. I ________ about the passing away of the great man Yuan Longping. A．am thinking B．will think C．thought D．was thinking 45．Students in Grade Nine ________ a big graduation party at this time yesterday. A．have B．had C．are having D．were having 现在完成时谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 have/has+ 过去分词 例句 用法 表示过去已开始,持续到现在乃至将来的动作 I have worked at this school for 20 years. 表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 She has lost her pen. have been in + 地点,表示在某地待过多久 They have been in Beijing for 10 years. have been to + 地点,表示曾经到过某地(去了,已经回来了) They have been to Beijing twice. have gone to + 地点,表示到某地去了(去了,还未回来) They have gone to Beijing. 时间状语 already、yet、just、ever、before、so far、since then、“since + 时间点”“for +一段时间”等 【注意】 (1)“终止”“延续”相转换 “瞬间动词”必须转换为意思相近的延续性动词,才能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。如:begin/start→be on;borrow →keep; buy→ have /own等。 I have kept that book for one month. 那本书我已经借了一个月了。 (2)“点”“段”时间须分清 在与since和for短语连用时,since 后面跟“时间点”,for后面跟“一段时间”。 46．— How long ________ the movie ________ when the students got there? — About ten minutes. A．has; begun B．had; begun C．has; been on D．had; been on 47．—Do you still remember what the Trip Code (行程码) was used for? —Of course. It was used to show where you ________ in the last 14 days. A．were B．will be C．have been D．had been 48．By last month, the TV series Three-Body ________ a large audience. A．attracts B．attracted C．had attracted D．has attracted 49．By the time we got to the station, the train ________ for ten minutes. A．has left B．has been away C．had left D．had been away 50．—You look sad. What’s the matter? —I had a bad morning. By the time I got to school, I found I ________ my homework at home. I had to go back home to get it. A．have forgotten B．had forgotten C．have left D．had left 51．When the doctor arrived, the patient _________ for just one minute. A．has died B．had died C．has been dead D．had been dead 52．Lisa felt very happy as she ________ well in a reading contest the day before. A．does B．did C．has done D．had done 53．By the time they got there, the big fire ________. A．had put out B．had been put out C．had put off D．had been put off 54．By the time we ________ the railway station, the train ________ for ten minutes. A．got to; had been away B．reached; had left C．arrived; had been away D．arrived at; has left 55．How long _________ the film ________ when he got to the cinema? A．did; begin B．has; begun C．had; been on D．had; begun 56．— How is he getting along with the difficulty? — He ________ it by the end of last week. A．overcome B．had overcome C．overcomes D．has overcome 57．By the time she got to school yesterday, the first class ________ for ten minutes. A．had begun B．begun C．has begun D．had been on 58．By the end of last year, the charity ________ over ten thousand homeless people. A．helps B．has helped C．will help D．had helped 59．Simon ________ the piano for ages before he gave his first concert. A．played B．plays C．had played D．is playing 60．—Guess what? I happened to have met Mat Clark at the party last week. —If my memory serves me correctly, you two ________ each other for almost ten years. A．hadn’t seen B．haven’t seen C．wouldn’t see D．won’t see 各种时态的被动语态的构成及句法功能 一、各种时态的被动语态的构成 　　被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过be动词的变化来体现。be动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有: 常用时态 被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall+ be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are + being+过去分词 过去进行时 was/were + being+过去分词 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 过去完成时 had +been+过去分词 含情态动词 can/may/must/. . . + be+过去分词 English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。 He was given a gold watch yesterday. 昨天他得到了一块金表。 A new road will be built next year. 明年将修建一条新路。 Jim’s homework has been finished. 吉姆的作业已经完成了。 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1. 主动语态变被动语态“三步骤” (1)宾变主:主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; (2)变谓语:主动语态的谓语动词变为与被动语态的主语保持一致的被动结构; (3)主变宾:主动语态的主语变为“by+宾语”并置于被动语态的句末。“by+宾语”在口语中常省略。 如下图所示 2. 主动语态变为被动语态的两个特殊点 含双宾语的主动句变被动句 常把间接宾语变为被动句的主语,直接宾语位置不变 直接宾语作被动句的主语时,间接宾语前有时加介词to或for 含复合宾语的主动句变被动句 由形容词、名词作宾语补足语的主动句变被动句时,只需将宾语变为主语 在主动句中,不定式用作动词一感(feel),二听(hear、listen to),三让(have、make、let),四看(look at、see、notice、watch),半帮助(help)等的宾语补足语时,需省略不定式符号“to”,但变为被动句时,必须加上“to” 61．It says that in the Yuan dynasty the king’s servants ________ to wear masks whenever they served food. A．require B．required C．are required D．were required 62．More mistakes ________ and corrected if you go over the paper carefully for the second time. A．are found B．have been found C．can be found D．will find 63．Don’t worry, Tom! The problem ______ when Jane comes to help us. A．solved B．has solved C．was solved D．will be solved 64．— What will you do if you _________ this job? — I will work hard and try my best. A．are offered B．offer C．will offer D．will be offered 65．— Music and Art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school. Is it true? — Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them. A．will pay B．will be paid C．pays D．is paid 66．It is reported that a new supermarket _______ in our community in about two years. A．be opened B．has been opened C．was opened D．will be opened 67．Sorry sir, your order ________ if you fail to pay for it in 15 minutes. A．canceled B．is canceled C．was canceled D．will be canceled 68．—When shall we go and play basketball? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．have finished C．will be finished D．will finish 69．The government is building a school in my village. I hope it _______ before August. A．finished B．will finish C．is finished D．will be finished 70．—The Entrance Exams for the high school is coming, I’m so stressed! —Don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more time ________ on them. A．will spend B．will be spent C．is spent D．spends 71．A new Children’s Palace ________ in our city. My father was one of the builders. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 72．—The 2023 Space Day of China ________ on April 24 at Hefei Binhu International Convention and Exhibition Center. —How exciting! Our hometown is becoming stronger and stronger. A．is held B．was held C．will be held D．held 73．The Law on Family Education(家庭教育促进法) ________ on Oct. 23, 2021. A．passes B．was passed C．passed D．pass 74．—Wow, 2023 Friendship Forest Tree Planting Activity was a great success! —Yes. I knew many trees ______ for a better environment. A．plant B．were planted C．planted D．are planted 75．— Can you hand in your writing tomorrow? — I can make it if I ________ one more day. A．am given B．give C．will give D．will be given 76．Can you tell me how often these flowers  _________? A．require watering B．require watered C．are required watering D．are required to water 77．Don't throw away the waste paper. It needs ________ so that it can be reused. A．to destroy B．destroying C．to collect D．collecting 78．These books________ well, and they will ______ soon. A．sell; sell out B．are sold; sell out C．sell; be sold out D．are sold; sold out 79．I like my new bike. It _______ very well. A．rides B．is riding C．is ridden D．has ridden 80．—Mr Black, my computer is broken, it needs ________. —OK, I will have it ________ tomorrow. A．to be mended; mending B．mending; to mend C．mending; mended D．to mend; to be mended 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 易错点06 动词时态与语态 目录 Group 1 一般时态的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 Group 2 进行时态的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 Group 3 现在完成时谓语形式、用法及时间状语 Group 4 各种时态的被动语态的构成及句法功能 一般时态的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 一、一般现在时的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 do/does 例句 用法 表示经常的或习惯性的动作 He often gets up at six every day. 表示现在的状态 My father is at work. 表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征 —Does he speak English? —Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t. 表示客观事实和普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 表示计划、安排好的将来动作 The plane takes off at eleven o’clock in the morning. 用在时间、条件状语从句中 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the park. 时间状语 always、usually、often、sometimes、every day、twice a week、today、in the morning、on Sunday 二、一般过去时的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 did 例句 用法 过去发生的动作或存在的状态 —What did you have for breakfast this morning? —I had a bowl of noodles. 说话时已不复存在的情况 I didn’t know I lost my pen. 描述过去发生的一连串动作 Just now Bob turned off the light, closed the door and left. 时间状语 yesterday、the day before yesterday、last night、then、at that time、several days ago等。以及由after、before、when引导的表示过去的时间状语从句 五、一般将来时的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 will/shall/be going to+动词原形 例句 用法 将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 We will not be free until 7:30 pm. 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作 I will come to see you every weekend. 有迹象表示某事要发生,多用be going to I am afraid it’s going to rain. 表示计划、打算做某事,多用be going to He is going to see his uncle next Sunday. 时间状语 tomorrow、next month、in a few days、one day、when和 after等引导的时间状语从句 1．—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking. —Sorry. Jim ________ for the station to meet his father. His train ________ at 2: 30 p.m. A．will leave; will arrive B．leaves; was arriving C．is leaving; was arriving D．is leaving; arrives 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——喂，是吉姆吗？我是彼得。——很抱歉。吉姆要去车站接他的父亲。他的火车下午两点半到达。 考查时态。根据“Jim...for the station”可知，吉姆将要去车站，动作发生在将来，leave“离开”在表示将要发生的动作时，要用现在进行时表示，故第一个空填is leaving；根据“His train...at 2: 30 p.m.”可知，他的火车下午两点半到达，火车按照时刻表出发，用一般现在时，故第二个空填arrives。故选D。 2．The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister. A．which; is B．whom; was C．who; is D．who; was 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在树下看书的那个女孩是我妹妹。 考查定语从句和时态。which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。第一空，分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，先行词“The girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who来引导从句，排除A和B；第二空，根据“is reading under the tree”可知，句子陈述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时。故选C。 3．The new book ________ so well that it ________ out in all the bookshops in my town. A．is sold; sells B．sells; sells C．is sold; is sold D．sells; is sold 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这本新书卖得很好，在我们镇上的所有书店都卖完了。 考查一般现在时和一般现在时的被动语态。结合选项可知，时态是一般现在时；sell“卖”，既是及物动词，又是不及物动词；在短语sell well“卖得好”中是不及物动词，所以用主动语态，因此排除选项A和C；在短语sell out“卖光”中是及物动词，主语it和动词sell之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选D。 4．—Why didn’t you come to the party last night? —I don’t like staying with others. I ________ reading alone instead. A．prefer B．enjoyed C．suggest D．dislike 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你昨晚为什么没来参加派对？——我不喜欢和其他人待在一起。我宁愿一个人读书。 考查代词辨析。prefer更喜欢；enjoyed喜欢；suggest建议；dislike不喜欢。根据“don’t”可知，此句是陈述事实，句子用一般现在时，排除B选项。根据“I don’t like staying with others”及“reading alone instead”可知，与跟其他人待在一起相比，更喜欢独自看书，故选A。 5．—I will go to Guangdong for my summer holidays, mom. —I will meet you when you ________ the airport. A．will reach B．reaches C．reached D．reach 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我要去广东过暑假。——当你到达机场时，我会去接你。 考查一般现在时。根据“I will meet you when you…the airport.”可知，这里是由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语是you（你），谓语动词用原形。故选D。 6．—Gina, do you know if it ________ tomorrow? —Sorry, I don t know. We won't go there if it ________. A． will rain；will rain B．will rain； rains C．rains； rains D．rains；will rain 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——吉娜，你知道明天会不会下雨？——对不起，我不知道。如果下雨，我们就不去那里。 考查动词时态。rain下雨，动词；分析句子可知，第一个句子中的if是“是否”的意思，引导的是宾语从句，根据宾语从句的时态的用法，主句是一般现在时，从句应该根据自身的时间决定时态，根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知，句子时态为一般将来时，所以用 will rain；第二个句子的if是“如果”的意思，引导的是条件状语从句，条件状语从句的用法是“主将从现”,所以用 rains。故选B。 7．—I want to know if he ________ back tomorrow. —I’ll call you as soon as he ________. A．will come; will return B．will come; returns C．comes; will return D．come; returns 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我想知道他明天是否回来。——他一回来我就打电话给你。 考查动词时态辨析。分析句子得知，前句是if引导的宾语从句，由tomorrow可知用一般将来时态即will come；而下文as soon as “一……就”引导时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，故选B。 8．I wonder if it________tomorrow. If it________, I won’t climb the mountains. A．rains, rains B．will rain, will rain C．will rain, rains D．rains, will rain 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我想知道明天是否会下雨。如果下雨，我就不会爬山。 考查动词时态。本句中有两个句子，第一个句子是if 引导的宾语从句，意为“是否”，if引导的宾语从句时态由语境或从句的时间状语决定，因为是明天发生的事，所以第一个空用将来时态；第二个句子if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，此时遵循主将从现原则。因为主句为一般将来时态，所以条件状语从句用一般现在时态，故选C。 9．This pair of shoes________Mom, and it________very comfortable. A．was made with; is felt B．were made from; is felt C．were made by; feels D．was made by; feels 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这双鞋是妈妈做的，穿起来很舒服。 考查一般过去时的被动语态和动词的第三人称单数形式。be made with用……制作的/和……一起制作的；be made from由……制成；be made by由某人制成的。this pair of shoes表示这双鞋，作主语时谓语用单数，根据空后的Mom可知是由妈妈做的，故第一个空用was made by；第二个空表示穿起来很舒服，feel系动词，用主动语态表达被动含义。故选D。 10．Every year thousands of tourists________the mountain area to relax themselves. A．visited B．were visiting C．visit D．have visited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：每年都有成千上万的游客到山区来放松自己。 考查动词的时态。visited过去式；were visiting过去进行时；visit参观，动词原形；have visited现在完成时。根据Every year“每年”可知，句子用一般现在时态，主语tourists复数，谓语动词用原形visit。故选C。 11．—Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Of course. Actually, I ________ there for six years but now I live in Zhenjiang. A．worked B．was working C．would work D．have worked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—— 你去过上海吗？ —— 当然。实际上，我曾在那里工作了六年，但现在我住在镇江。 考查一般过去时。根据“but now I live in Zhenjiang.”可知，虽然在上海居住过六年，但是未持续到现在，是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故选A。 12．I ________ at the door three times, but no one replied. A．knocked B．am knocking C．have knocked D．will knock 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我敲了三次门，但没有人应答。 考查动词时态。knocked敲，过去式；am knocking现在进行时；have knocked现在完成时；will knock一般将来时。根据“no one replied”可知，此处指过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时表达，动词用过去式形式。故选A。 13．— How long have you _________ this car? — I ________ it last year. A．bought; bought B．bought ; buy C．had;bought D．bought; had 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你买这辆车多久了？——去年买的。 考查动词。bought是buy的过去式，买，是短暂性动词；had是have的过去式，买或拥有，是延续性动词。第一个句子中有How long“多长时间”，表示一段时间，所以用延续性动词had；第二个句子中有last year是一般过去时，表示买的短暂性动作，所以用bought。故选C。 14．The movie had already begun, but Lisa didn’t ________. What happened to her? A．give up B．take up C．stay up D．show up 【答案】D 【解析】句意：电影已经开始了，但是玛丽还没有出现。 考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃；take up占据；stay up熬夜；show up出现。根据“The movie had already begun”和“What happened to her?”可知，电影已经开始，但不知道玛丽干什么去了，前后形成对比；又根据“didn’t”可知，她没有出现。故选D。 15．—Could you tell me ________ yesterday? —Because my bike was broken on my way here. A．why you came late B．why do you come late C．how you come late D．how did you come late 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我你昨天为什么迟到吗？ ——因为我的自行车在来的路上坏了。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，排除B/D；由yesterday可知，此处的时态为一般过去时。故选A。 16．There ________ many ordinary（平凡）Chinese making great contributions to our motherland last year. A．has B．had C．were D．was 【答案】C 【解析】句意：去年有许多普通的中国人为我们的祖国做出了巨大的贡献。 考查there be句型以及动词时态。根据last year可知，此句是一般过去时，且there be不能与have或has一起连用，主语“many ordinary（平凡）Chinese making great contributions”是复数形式，应填were，故选C。 17．—Has your aunt come back from New York? —Yes. She _________ there for three months to help people there fight against the flu. A．has stayed B．stays C．stayed D．will stay 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你姑姑从纽约回来了吗？——是的，她在那里待了三个月，帮助那里的人们抗击流感。 考查动词的时态。根据“Has your aunt come back from New York?”和回答“Yes.”可知，已经从纽约回来，在那里帮助人们抗击流感这件事发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选C。 18．— Has your father come back from Shanghai? — Yes. He ________ there for about one month to help people there fight against the virus. A．has stayed B．stays C．stayed D．will stay 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你父亲从上海回来了吗？——是的。他已经在那里呆了大约一个月，帮助那里的人们抗击病毒。 考查时态。根据“Yes.”可知，已经从上海回来了，因此是过去发生的事，用一般过去时态；故选C。 19．Linda is excited about the coming weekend because she ________ several old friends. A．sees B．saw C．has seen D．is going to see 【答案】D 【解析】句意：琳达对即将到来的周末很兴奋，因为她打算去见几个老朋友。 考查一般将来时。sees看见，三单；saw看见，一般过去式；has seen已经见了，现在完成时；is going to see打算去见。根据“Linda is excited about the coming weekend because she”可知即将到来的周末表将来。见一些老朋友是将来打算好的事情。故选D。 20．I don’t know if it ________ tomorrow. If it ________, I won’t go. A．will rain; rains B．will rain; will rain C．rains; rains D．rains; will rain 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我不知道明天是否下雨。如果下雨，我将不会去。 考查一般将来时和一般现在时。第一空if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，根据时间副词tomorrow，可知此处用一般将来时；第二空if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时，即主将从现。故选A。 21．— Will you go to the party with us tonight? — I’m not sure. If Sandy doesn’t go, _________. A．so do I B．neither will I C．So will I D．neither do I 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你今晚和我们一起去参加晚会吗？——我不确定。如果Sandy不去，我也不去。 考查倒装句以及时态。so/neither+助动词+主语，表示同样的情况也适用于后者，so用于肯定，neither用于否定。根据“If Sandy doesn’t go”可知，这是一个否定句，用neither引导倒装句，排除A和C选项。if引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，所以倒装句的助动词用will，故选B。 22．— I'm moving to London. Let's stay in touch. — Of course. And you_________never ________ . A．will; forget B．were; forgotten C．are; forgot D．will; be forgotten 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我将要搬去伦敦。让我们保持联系。——当然。并且你将永远不会被忘记。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“I'm moving to London.”可知，时态应用一般将来时。而主语you和谓语动词forget之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 23．Mary is having dinner with her friends now. She ________ you back after the dinner. A．calls B．called C．will call D．have called 【答案】C 【解析】句意：玛丽现在正在和朋友吃晚饭，晚饭后她会给你回电话。 考查动词时态。根据“Mary is having dinner with her friends now.”及“after the dinner”可知动作没有发生，所以用一般将来时，其结构是will+动词原形，call“打电话”，是动词，故选C。 24．—Who made the living room in such a mess? —Mum, Tom did it, but he promises he ________ it. A．tidies B．has tidied C．is tidying D．will tidy 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——谁把客厅弄得这么乱？——妈妈，是汤姆做的，但他保证会把它整理好。 考查动词时态。根据“but he promises he… it”可知他答应将要做，用一般将来时。故选D。 25．— Do you know the schedule of our school trip? —No. I Jenny to ask her about it but I can’t find my phone. A．call B．am calling C．have called D．am going to call 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你知道我们学校旅行的日程安排吗？——不知道，我要打电话给珍妮问她，但我找不到我的手机。 考查动词时态。根据下文回答No.，可知是不知道，打算给Jenny打电话，用一般将来时，其结构是“be going to+动词原形”，主语是I，be动词用is，call sb.“给某人打电话”，故选D。 进行时态的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 一、现在进行时的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 am/is/are+ 现在分词 例句 用法 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作 Look! I’m watching TV at home. 表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作 They are learning English in the summer holiday. 与always、forever等词连用表示赞扬、厌恶或不满等情感 You are always thinking of your work. 时间状语 now、today、these days 等 【注意】 (1)表示位置移动的动词。如:come、go、arrive、leave 等。它们的现在进行时可表示将来。如:Be careful!The train is coming. 小心!火车就要来了。 (2)若一个句子以look、listen等祈使语气的动词开头,常用进行时。如:Listen! The boys are reading English. 听!那些男孩在读英语。 二、过去进行时的谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 was/were +现在分词 例句 用法 过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 —What were you doing at nine last night? —I was watching TV. 描述故事情节,使故事变得生动精彩 The children were leaving school when they saw a truck. 时间状语 at the time、this time yesterday、at ten yesterday、just then、yesterday morning、when引导的时间状语从句等 26．Mr. Wang isn’t free now. He ________ the lesson in the office. A．prepares B．prepared C．is preparing D．will prepare 【答案】C 【解析】句意：王先生现在没有空。他正在办公室备课。 考查动词时态。根据“Mr. Wang isn’t free now.”可知，下文是“他正在办公室备课”，此处用现在进行时时态，其结构是be doing的形式，prepare“准备”，是动词，现在分词是preparing。故选C。 27．Justin can’t help me to move the piano because he ________ English online. A．is studying B．studied C．will study D．studies 【答案】A 【解析】句意：贾斯汀帮不了我搬钢琴，因为他正在网上学习英语。 考查动词时态。根据“Justin can’t help me to move the piano”可知，此处是正在网上学习，不能帮忙，可知用现在进行时，其结构是be doing的形式，主语是he，是第三人称单数，be动词用is，study“学习”，是动词，现在分词是studying。故选A。 28．—It’s a nice day, isn’t? —Yes. The sun doesn’t shine every day here, but it today. A．shone B．is shining C．has shone D．was shining 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——今天天气不错，不是吗？——是的。这里不是每天都阳光照耀，但今天阳光灿烂。 考查现在进行时。shine照耀，根据空后的“today”可知，空缺处表示说话时存在的一种持续的状态，用现在进行时，故选B。 29．—Wow, so many old magazines at your home. —Too many! I ________  about how to deal with them. A．think B．thought C．am thinking D．will think 【答案】C 【解析】句意 ：——哇哦，你家里有这么多旧杂志啊。——太多了！我正在考虑如何来处理它们。 考查动词时态。根据“Too many! I... about how to deal with them.”可知，此处强调正在考虑如何处理，句子应用现在进行时。故选C。 30．The president of the college, together with the teachers _______ having a meeting for the purpose of developing rules. A．is B．are C．were D．will be 【答案】A 【解析】句意：学院院长和老师们正在一起开会，目的是制定规则。 考查主谓一致和现在进行时。根据“together with”可知，谓语动词要与其前面的主语保持一致，the president of the college是第三人称单数，所以排除B和C；由语境可知此处表示“正在开会”，用现在进行时，故be使用is。故选A。 31．— What’s that noise, Sam? — My little brother ________ his toy car. A．played B．is playing C．plays D．was playing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——什么声音，山姆？   ——我弟弟正在玩他的玩具车。 考查现在进行时。根据“What’s that noise, Sam?”判断，此处应该用现在进行时，其结构是：be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词。故选B。 32．—Mary, let's go to the cinema. There’s a new movie called Avengers IV. —Not now, I _____________ my brother David with his math. A．help B．helped C．am helping D．have helped 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——玛丽，我们去看电影吧。有一部新电影叫《复仇者联盟4》。   ——现在不行，我在帮我弟弟大卫学数学。 考查时态。选项A为一般现在时；选项B为一般过去时；选项C为现在进行时；选项D为现在完成时。根据“Not now,”可知，此处是说明现在正在做什么，用现在进行时。故选C。 33．—I haven't seen Jack for a couple of days. —He ________ for the English speaking competition which will take place next week. A．will prepare B．is preparing C．has prepared D．was preparing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我有几天没见到杰克了。    ——他正在为下周举行的英语演讲比赛做准备。 考查动词时态。选项A为一般将来时；选项B为现在进行时；选项C为现在完成时；选项D为过去进行时。根据语境可知，英语演讲比赛下周举行，杰克现在应该是正在准备，因此用现在进行时；其结构是：be（am/is /are）+动词的现在分词。故选B。 34．Don't be sad. The long vacation we are looking forward to ________ soon. A．come B．coming C．is coming D．came 【答案】C 【解析】句意：不要伤心。我们盼望的长假很快就要到了。 考查动词时态。come一般现在时；coming现在分词；is coming现在进行时；came一般过去时。第二句话的主语是the long vacation，we are looking forward to是定语从句，结合句意和语境可知，句中缺少谓语动词。根据句末soon可知，我们期待的长假还没有到来，所以要用将来的时态。选项中的动词come是位移动词，所以可以用现在进行时表示将来，故选C。 35．––What a pleasant surprise to see you here! I you Chongqing. ––Me too. But I there next Friday. A．think; have gone to; am going B．thought; had gone to; will go C．thought; had been to; will go D．think; have been to; am going 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——在这里看见你是多么惊讶啊！我原以为你去了重庆。——我也是。下周五我去那里。 考查时态辨析。根据句意可知第一空（我原以为）用一般过去时，选项B、C的第一空正确；第二个空是宾语从句的谓语，在宾语从句中，当主句为一般过去时，从句要用过去时的某种时态，A、D的第二空是现在完成时，所以A、D不正确；C.had been to曾去过某地；B.had gone to到某地去了，所以第二空应该填had gone to；第三空是一般将来时，四个选项都对；综上，答案应该选B。 36．—Remember the first time we met, Jim? —Of course I do. You ________ in the library. A．read B．had read C．were reading D．have read 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——还记得我们第一次见面吗，吉姆？——当然。那时你正在图书馆图书。 考查时态。根据“Remember the first time we met, Jim?”可知，此处为两人谈论第一次见面时发生的事情，表示过去某一时刻发生的事情，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+doing”，主语为you，be动词用were，故选C。 37．— Tom, why were you late for school this morning? — I was so unlucky. Three buses went by without stopping while I ______ at the bus stop. A．waited B．am waiting C．was waiting D．have waited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——汤姆，你今天早上为什么上学迟到了？——我太不幸了。我在车站等车的时候，三辆公共汽车不停地开了过去。 考查时态。根据“Three buses went by without stopping while I ... at the bus stop.”可知while引导的从句表示当某事正在进行的时候，另一件事情发生了，主句是一般过去时，从句用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing。故选C。 38．Jane was looking for a present for Mum while Sam ________ a table at the restaurant. A．was booking B．had booked C．would book D．booked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：简在为妈妈找礼物时萨姆正在餐厅订位子。 考查过去进行时。根据题干“Jane was looking for a present for Mum while Sam...”以及句意可知主句和从句的动作同时进行，故从句的时态也用过去进行时。故选A。 39．—Chinese women’s football team won the Asia Cup again after 16 years. —That was a great moment. I ________ the game on TV all the time. A．have watched B．watched C．am watching D．was watching 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——中国女足时隔16年再次赢得亚洲杯冠军。——那是一个伟大的时刻。我一直在电视上看比赛。 考查时态。根据“Chinese women’s football team won the Asia Cup again after 16 years.”可知女足得冠是发生过的事，根据“... all the time.”可知比赛的时候，一直在看电视，指过去某一段时间一直在做的事，用过去进行时。故选D。 40．—Why didn’t you answer me just now? —I ________ the number of the books. A．am counting B．will count C．count D．was counting 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你刚才为什么不回答我？——我在数书的数目。 考查动词时态。根据上文“Why didn’t you answer me just now?”可知，下文应该是过去进行时，其结构是“was/were doing”的形式，主语是I，be动词用was，count“数”，是动词，此处用现在分词，故选D。 41．Tom saw a traffic accident when he _________ his bicycle along the road. A．rides B．has rode C．was riding D．had rode 【答案】C 【解析】句意：汤姆在路上骑自行车时看到了一起交通事故。 考查动词时态。when引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时态，从句用过去进行时，其结构是was/were doing的形式，ride“骑”，是动词，现在分词是riding，故选C。 42．I ________ a model plane for my science project when Tina called me. A．make B．was making C．made D．am making 【答案】B 【解析】句意：蒂娜打电话给我时，我正在为我的科学项目做模型飞机。 考查过去进行时。根据“I...a model plane for my science project when Tina called me.”可知，此处强调在过去的某一时刻正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选B。 43．—Did you notice what happened outside just now? —No, I didn’t. Because I _______ my clothes at that time. A．am washing B．was washing C．will wash D．have washed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你注意到刚才外面发生的事了吗？——不，我没有。因为当时我正在洗衣服。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语at that time可知，此处用过去进行时，其结构是was/were doing的形式，主语是I，be动词用was，wash“洗”，是动词，故选B。 44．— Tom, are you listening to me? — Sorry, sir. I ________ about the passing away of the great man Yuan Longping. A．am thinking B．will think C．thought D．was thinking 【答案】D 【解析】句意：—— 汤姆，你在听我说话吗？—— 对不起，先生。我刚在想伟大人物袁隆平去世的事。 考查过去进行时。根据“the passing away of the great man Yuan Longping”可知，这一动作发生在对方正在讲话的时候，说这话时已经结束该动作，因此用过去进行时。故选D。 45．Students in Grade Nine ________ a big graduation party at this time yesterday. A．have B．had C．are having D．were having 【答案】D 【解析】句意：昨天的这个时候，九年级的学生正在举办盛大的毕业派对。 考查过去进行时态。根据“at this time yesterday”可知，时态应该用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing。主语为Students，复数，故空格处应该用were doing形式。故选D。 现在完成时谓语形式、用法及时间状语 谓语形式 have/has+ 过去分词 例句 用法 表示过去已开始,持续到现在乃至将来的动作 I have worked at this school for 20 years. 表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 She has lost her pen. have been in + 地点,表示在某地待过多久 They have been in Beijing for 10 years. have been to + 地点,表示曾经到过某地(去了,已经回来了) They have been to Beijing twice. have gone to + 地点,表示到某地去了(去了,还未回来) They have gone to Beijing. 时间状语 already、yet、just、ever、before、so far、since then、“since + 时间点”“for +一段时间”等 【注意】 (1)“终止”“延续”相转换 “瞬间动词”必须转换为意思相近的延续性动词,才能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。如:begin/start→be on;borrow →keep; buy→ have /own等。 I have kept that book for one month. 那本书我已经借了一个月了。 (2)“点”“段”时间须分清 在与since和for短语连用时,since 后面跟“时间点”,for后面跟“一段时间”。 46．— How long ________ the movie ________ when the students got there? — About ten minutes. A．has; begun B．had; begun C．has; been on D．had; been on 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——当学生们进去的时候，电影播放了多久？——大约10分钟。 考查过去完成时。has/had助动词；begun开始，非延续动词；been on开始，表状态。根据“when the students got there”可知，when后面引导的从句是一般过去时，电影是在学生进去之前开始播放的，所以是过去的过去，助动词用had；因电影的播放是延续性动作，需用been on。故选D。 47．—Do you still remember what the Trip Code (行程码) was used for? —Of course. It was used to show where you ________ in the last 14 days. A．were B．will be C．have been D．had been 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你还记得行程码的用途吗？——当然。它是用来显示你在过去14天里去过哪里的。 考查时态。根据“It was used to show where you...in the last 14 days.”可知，此处强调“过去的过去”，用过去完成时结构“had+动词过去分词”，故选D。 48．By last month, the TV series Three-Body ________ a large audience. A．attracts B．attracted C．had attracted D．has attracted 【答案】C 【解析】句意：到上个月为止，电视剧《三体》已经吸引了大量的观众。 考查过去完成时。由“By last month”可知本句时态为过去完成时，句型结构为：主语had done。故选D。 49．By the time we got to the station, the train ________ for ten minutes. A．has left B．has been away C．had left D．had been away 【答案】D 【解析】句意：当我们到达车站时，火车已经开了十分钟了。 考查过去完成时。根据“By the time we got to the station”可知到达车站时已是过去的事情，而火车已经开了十分钟了是发生在到达车站之前的，应用过去完成时，排除选项A和B；由“for ten minutes”可知此处的动词应用延续性动词，left为非延续性动词，故排除C选项。故选D。 50．—You look sad. What’s the matter? —I had a bad morning. By the time I got to school, I found I ________ my homework at home. I had to go back home to get it. A．have forgotten B．had forgotten C．have left D．had left 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你看起来很伤心。怎么了？——我早上过得很糟。当我到学校时，我发现我把作业忘在家里了。我得回家去拿。 考查动词时态以及动词辨析。forget忘记；leave遗忘。根据“By the time I got to school”可知，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had done的结构。根据“my homework at home”可知，把作业落在家里了，故选D。 51．When the doctor arrived, the patient _________ for just one minute. A．has died B．had died C．has been dead D．had been dead 【答案】D 【解析】句意：当医生到达时，病人已经死了一分钟了。 考查时态。根据“When the doctor arrived”及“for just one minute”可知要用过去完成时，排除AC；与时间段连用要用延续性动词，排除B。故选D。 52．Lisa felt very happy as she ________ well in a reading contest the day before. A．does B．did C．has done D．had done 【答案】D 【解析】句意：丽莎感到非常高兴，因为她在前一天的阅读比赛中取得了好成绩。 考查动词时态。根据“Lisa felt very happy”丽莎感到非常高兴，可知是因为她在前一天的阅读比赛中取得了好成绩，阅读比赛的时间要比丽莎开心的时间早，因此用过去完成时had done，短语do well in...“在……方面做的好”，do的过去分词是done，故选D。 53．By the time they got there, the big fire ________. A．had put out B．had been put out C．had put off D．had been put off 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当他们到达那里时，大火已经被扑灭了。 考查过去完成时的被动语态以及动词短语辨析。根据“By the time they got there”可知，从句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。put out熄灭；put off推迟。根据“the big fire”可知，是熄灭了大火，主语与动词之间是被动关系，故此处用过去完成时的被动语态，故选B。 54．By the time we ________ the railway station, the train ________ for ten minutes. A．got to; had been away B．reached; had left C．arrived; had been away D．arrived at; has left 【答案】A 【解析】句意：到我们到达火车站时，火车已经开走十分钟了。 考查动词（短语）辨析和延续性动词。get to/reached/arrived at都表示“到达”，后可直接跟地点；arrived是不及物动词，需和介词at/in搭配使用后才可跟地点，故排除C；根据“for ten minutes”可知，第二空要用延续性动词，left是leave“离开”的过去分词，是短暂性动词；而be away是延续性动词，且“火车离开”的动作发生在“到达车站”的动作之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故选A。 55．How long _________ the film ________ when he got to the cinema? A．did; begin B．has; begun C．had; been on D．had; begun 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他到达电影院时电影开始多久了？ 考查过去完成时态和延续性动作。begin开始，短暂性动词；be on开始，延续性动词。根据“when he got to the cinema”可知，电影开始发生在到达电影院之前，即过去的过去，因此时态为过去完成时；再者根据“how long”可知，谓语动词用延续性动词，begin要变为be on。故选C。 56．— How is he getting along with the difficulty? — He ________ it by the end of last week. A．overcome B．had overcome C．overcomes D．has overcome 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——他如何应付的困难？——到上周末他已经克服了。 考查过去完成时态。根据“by the end of last week”可知，此句时态是过去完成时，故选B。 57．By the time she got to school yesterday, the first class ________ for ten minutes. A．had begun B．begun C．has begun D．had been on 【答案】D 【解析】句意：昨天她到学校的时候，第一节课已经上了十分钟了。 考查时态辨析。根据“By the time she got to school yesterday”可知要用过去完成时，排除BC；再由“for ten minutes”可知谓语用延续性动词be on，而不用begin，排除A。故选D。 58．By the end of last year, the charity ________ over ten thousand homeless people. A．helps B．has helped C．will help D．had helped 【答案】D 【解析】句意：到去年年底，该慈善机构已经帮助了一万多名无家可归的人。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语By the end of last year可知，此处用过去完成时，其结构是had done的形式，help“帮助”，是动词，过去分词是helped，故选D。 59．Simon ________ the piano for ages before he gave his first concert. A．played B．plays C．had played D．is playing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：西蒙在举行第一场音乐会之前，已经弹了很久的钢琴。 考查过去完成时。根据“before he gave his first concert.”可知此处用的过去的时态，表示先弹钢琴弹了很多年，然后开了音乐会，故表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选C。 60．—Guess what? I happened to have met Mat Clark at the party last week. —If my memory serves me correctly, you two ________ each other for almost ten years. A．hadn’t seen B．haven’t seen C．wouldn’t see D．won’t see 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你猜怎么着?我碰巧在上周的聚会上遇到了Mat Clark。——如果我没记错的话，你们两个差不多有十年没见面了。 考查动词时态。根据“I happened to have met Mat Clark at the party last week”可知，在上周之前，差不多有十年没见面了，过去的过去用过去完成时had done的结构，故选A。 各种时态的被动语态的构成及句法功能 一、各种时态的被动语态的构成 　　被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过be动词的变化来体现。be动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有: 常用时态 被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall+ be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are + being+过去分词 过去进行时 was/were + being+过去分词 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 过去完成时 had +been+过去分词 含情态动词 can/may/must/. . . + be+过去分词 English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。 He was given a gold watch yesterday. 昨天他得到了一块金表。 A new road will be built next year. 明年将修建一条新路。 Jim’s homework has been finished. 吉姆的作业已经完成了。 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1. 主动语态变被动语态“三步骤” (1)宾变主:主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; (2)变谓语:主动语态的谓语动词变为与被动语态的主语保持一致的被动结构; (3)主变宾:主动语态的主语变为“by+宾语”并置于被动语态的句末。“by+宾语”在口语中常省略。 如下图所示 2. 主动语态变为被动语态的两个特殊点 含双宾语的主动句变被动句 常把间接宾语变为被动句的主语,直接宾语位置不变 直接宾语作被动句的主语时,间接宾语前有时加介词to或for 含复合宾语的主动句变被动句 由形容词、名词作宾语补足语的主动句变被动句时,只需将宾语变为主语 在主动句中,不定式用作动词一感(feel),二听(hear、listen to),三让(have、make、let),四看(look at、see、notice、watch),半帮助(help)等的宾语补足语时,需省略不定式符号“to”,但变为被动句时,必须加上“to” 61．It says that in the Yuan dynasty the king’s servants ________ to wear masks whenever they served food. A．require B．required C．are required D．were required 【答案】D 【解析】句意：据说在元朝，皇帝的仆人被要求在上菜时戴上面具。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。require要求，动词原形；required要求，过去式或过去分词；are required一般现在时的被动语态；were required一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知，主语servants与动词require为被动关系，应用被动语态，排除A和B；又根据“whenever they served food”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，因此这里是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语servants为第三人称复数，be动词用were，require的过去分词为required，排除C。故选D。 62．More mistakes ________ and corrected if you go over the paper carefully for the second time. A．are found B．have been found C．can be found D．will find 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果你再认真检查一遍试卷，更多的错误会被发现并得到纠正。 考查条件状语从句和含情态动词的被动语态。根据if可知，本句为条件状语从句，符合“主将从现、主情从现”原则，即主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词，从句为一般现在时。本句中mistakes和find之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态，因此主句应使用一般将来时的被动语态或含情态动词的被动语态。故选C。 63．Don’t worry, Tom! The problem ______ when Jane comes to help us. A．solved B．has solved C．was solved D．will be solved 【答案】D 【解析】句意：别担心了，汤姆！当简来帮助我们时，这个问题就会得到解决。 考查时态及语态。主语The problem与动词solve构成被动关系，根据“when Jane comes to help us”可知，该句为when引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时“will do”，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”。故选D。 64．— What will you do if you _________ this job? — I will work hard and try my best. A．are offered B．offer C．will offer D．will be offered 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——如果你得到这份工作，你会做什么？ ——我会努力工作，尽我最大的努力。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语you与动词offer“提供”是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除B和C；根据“What will you do if you … this job?”可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，因此这里是一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是be done，排除D；主语为you，be动词用are，offer的过去分词为offered。故选A。 65．— Music and Art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school. Is it true? — Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them. A．will pay B．will be paid C．pays D．is paid 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——音乐和美术将进入高中入学考试。这是真的吗？ ——是的。不过别担心。如果对它们多加注意，没有什么是困难的。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子主语“more attention”与动词pay为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据“Nothing will be difficult if more attention … to them.”可知，此处为if引导的条件状语从句，符合“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，则从句应用一般现在时，因此这里应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is，pay的过去分词为paid。故选D。 66．It is reported that a new supermarket _______ in our community in about two years. A．be opened B．has been opened C．was opened D．will be opened 【答案】D 【解析】句意：据报道，两年后我们社区将会建一个新超市。 考查时态和语态。根据“in about two years”可知，要用一般将来时，且“supermarket”与“open”之间是被动关系，因此要用一般将来时的被动语态，故选D。 67．Sorry sir, your order ________ if you fail to pay for it in 15 minutes. A．canceled B．is canceled C．was canceled D．will be canceled 【答案】D 【解析】句意：对不起，先生，如果您在15分钟内不付款，您的订单将被取消。 考查条件状语从句和被动语态。根据“if you fail to…”可知，此句属于含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，遵循主将从现原则，从句谓语“fail to pay for…”为一般现在时，则主句应用一般将来时；主句主语your order与动词cancel逻辑上存在动宾关系，应用被动语态，所以此处应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构是will be done。故选D。 68．—When shall we go and play basketball? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．have finished C．will be finished D．will finish 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我们将什么时候去打篮球？——直到明天工作被完成。 考查主将从现。分析答语可知句子为含有until引导时间状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，此处从句时态为一般现在时，而主语work和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其谓语结构为“be+done”，故选A。 69．The government is building a school in my village. I hope it _______ before August. A．finished B．will finish C．is finished D．will be finished 【答案】D 【解析】句意：政府正在我们村里建一所学校。我希望它能在八月前完成。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。finished一般过去时；will finish一般将来时；is finished一般现在时的被动语态；will be finished一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“before August”，结合语境可知“完成”的动作还没有发生，因此时态用一般将来时，且主语it和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为：will be+动词的过去分词。故选D。 70．—The Entrance Exams for the high school is coming, I’m so stressed! —Don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more time ________ on them. A．will spend B．will be spent C．is spent D．spends 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——高中入学考试要来了，我很有压力！——别担心。如果花更多的时间在它们身上，没有什么是困难的。 考查时态及语态。sb spend some time on sth表示“某人花费时间在某事上”，more time作主语，与spend之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，if引导的条件状语从句，主将从现。故选C。 71．A new Children’s Palace ________ in our city. My father was one of the builders. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我市新建了一个少年宫。我父亲是建造者之一。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“A new Children’s Palace”和谓语“build”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据“My father was one of the builders.”可知时态为一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 72．—The 2023 Space Day of China ________ on April 24 at Hefei Binhu International Convention and Exhibition Center. —How exciting! Our hometown is becoming stronger and stronger. A．is held B．was held C．will be held D．held 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——4月24日，2023中国太空节在合肥滨湖国际会展中心举行。 ——多么令人兴奋啊！我们的家乡正变得越来越强大。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据原文 “on April 24” 可知，太空节是在过去举办的，因此时态是一般过去时，且“The 2023 Space Day”和“hold”是被动关系，即太空节是被举办的，所以该句用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 73．The Law on Family Education(家庭教育促进法) ________ on Oct. 23, 2021. A．passes B．was passed C．passed D．pass 【答案】B 【解析】句意：《家庭教育法》于2021年10月23日通过。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据后面的“on Oct. 23, 2021”可知事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时；《家庭教育法》是被通过的，用被动语态。故选B。 74．—Wow, 2023 Friendship Forest Tree Planting Activity was a great success! —Yes. I knew many trees ______ for a better environment. A．plant B．were planted C．planted D．are planted 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——哇，2023年友谊森林植树活动非常成功！——是的。我知道为了更好的环境种了很多树。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。knew后是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态。从句主语trees和谓语动词plant之间是动宾关系，树被种植，需用被动语态be+done。主语是复数trees，用一般过去时的被动语态were planted。故选B。 75．— Can you hand in your writing tomorrow? — I can make it if I ________ one more day. A．am given B．give C．will give D．will be given 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你明天能交作文吗？——如果再给我一天时间，我就能做到。 考查条件状语从句和被动语态。空格处为if引导的条件状语从句，时态上遵循“主将从现”，所以从句用一般现在时，排除选项C和D；又因为从句主语和谓语give之间是被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+动词过去分词”，主语为I，be动词用am，故选A。 76．Can you tell me how often these flowers  _________? A．require watering B．require watered C．are required watering D．are required to water 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你能告诉我这些花需要多久浇一次水吗？ 考查require用法。当某物作主语，谓语动词是need，want，require等时，它的宾语可以用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式。如require doing=require to be done。故选A。 77．Don't throw away the waste paper. It needs ________ so that it can be reused. A．to destroy B．destroying C．to collect D．collecting 【答案】D 【解析】句意：不要把废纸扔掉。它需要被收集以便可以重复使用。 考查非谓语动词。destroy破坏；collect收集。need doing相当于need to be done，是主动形式表被动语态；根据“ It needs …so that it can be reused”，可知，纸被收集才能重复利用，句中“ It”指代“waste paper”，它和动词“collect”之间是被动关系，need collecting相当于need to be collected，表示“需要被收集”，故选D。 78．These books________ well, and they will ______ soon. A．sell; sell out B．are sold; sell out C．sell; be sold out D．are sold; sold out 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这些书卖的很好，并且它们会很快被卖光。 考查主动表被动和一般将来时的被动语态。第一处表示“卖得好”，需用主动表被动，排除B和D；第二处表示“被卖光”，又因为其前有will，所以是一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”结构。故选C。 79．I like my new bike. It _______ very well. A．rides B．is riding C．is ridden D．has ridden 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我喜欢我的新自行车。它很好骑。 考查主动表被动。根据句意可知，空格处所在句子含有被动含义，但当动词用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。陈述某种客观事实句子通常用一般现在时，主语it表第三人称单数，故动词ride应用第三人称单数形式，故选A。 80．—Mr Black, my computer is broken, it needs ________. —OK, I will have it ________ tomorrow. A．to be mended; mending B．mending; to mend C．mending; mended D．to mend; to be mended 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—布莱克先生，我的电脑坏了，它需要修理。—好的，我明天就修。 本题主要考查固定搭配。主语为人时。一般用need to do sth. 句型。主语为物时，通常用need doing。need doing中的need属实义动词，后跟动名词形式，表示被动意义。“have + sth.（宾语）+ 过去分词（宾语补足语）”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。故选C。 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$