Unit 5 Feeling Excited Topic 3 Grammar语法 六种基本句型-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元语法精讲精练（仁爱科普版）

Unit 5 Feeling Excited Topic 3 六种基本句型 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 一、主谓结构（Subject + Verb, S+V） 特点：主语 + 不及物动词（动词后不需要宾语）。 例句： 1. The sun rises.（太阳升起来了。） 2. Birds fly.（鸟儿飞翔。） 3. He cried.（他哭了。） 注意：此类动词（如 laugh, run, sleep）本身意义完整，无需宾语。 二、主谓宾结构（Subject + Verb + Object, S+V+O） 特点：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语（动作的直接承受者）。 例句： 1. She eats an apple.（她吃了一个苹果。） 2. We love music.（我们热爱音乐。） 3. He kicked the ball.（他踢了球。） 常见动词：eat, read, write, play, watch 等。 三、主系表结构（Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative, S+V+P） 特点：主语 + 系动词 + 表语（说明主语的性质或状态）。 常见系动词： be（是）, become（成为）, look（看起来）, feel（感觉）, sound（听起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）等。 例句： 1. She is a teacher.（她是一名老师。） 2. The cake tastes delicious.（蛋糕尝起来很美味。） 3. He became angry.（他生气了。） 注意：表语可以是名词、形容词或介词短语。 四、主谓双宾结构（Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object, S+V+IO+DO） 特点：主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物）。 常见动词：give, tell, show, send, buy, teach 等。 例句： 1. He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书。） = He gave a book to me. 2. She told us a story.（她给我们讲了一个故事。） 3. My mom bought me a gift.（妈妈给我买了一个礼物。） 间接宾语可后置：加介词 to（传递）或 for（目的）引出。 五、主谓宾补结构（Subject + Verb + Object + Complement, S+V+O+C） 特点：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补（补充说明宾语的动作或状态）。 常见动词：make, call, keep, find, consider, let 等。 例句： 1. We call him Tom.（我们叫他汤姆。） 2. The news made her happy.（这个消息让她开心。） 3. I saw him running.（我看见他在跑步。） 注意：宾补可以是名词、形容词、分词或不定式。 六、There be 句型（There + be + Subject） 特点：表示“存在”，主语在 be 动词后，be 动词需与主语单复数一致。 例句： 1. There is a book on the desk.（桌上有一本书。） 2. There are many students in the classroom.（教室里有很多学生。） 3. There will be a meeting tomorrow.（明天将有一场会议。） 变体：可用 seem to be, appear to be 替换 be 动词。 总结对比表 | 句型 | 结构 | 例句 | 主谓（S+V） | 主语 + 不及物动词 | The baby cried. | 主谓宾（S+V+O） | 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 | I read a book. | 主系表（S+V+P） | 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 | The flower smells sweet. | 主谓双宾（S+V+IO+DO）| 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 | She gave me a pen. | 主谓宾补（S+V+O+C）| 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 | They named the dog Lucky. | There be | There + be + 主语 | There is a cat under the tree. 一、单项选择(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分) 1．Jenny expects her mother to be healthy. A．主语 B．表语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 2．Which of the following sentences follows the structure S+V+O? A．Dolphins swim fast. B．The dress looks shiny in the sun. C．Peter built his dog a house. D．The volunteers are cleaning the street. 3．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “We found the beds very comfortable”? A．The boy built his little brother a big tent. B．The sun was shining brightly. C．Sandy is watching her father work. D．His voice sounded strange. 4．Which sentence has the same structure as “Hobo brought Eddie his clothes.”? A．The clouds became dark. B．Eddie is watching Hobo work. C．My father bought me a nice bag. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 5．The sentence structure of “The good news made me happy.” is ________. A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 6．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “She bought her son some books about DIY.”? A．The news made all of us sad. B．The children are reading some magazines. C．Mr. Li is teaching us an English song. D．Tom felt really tired out after a hard day’s work. 7．“We have four seasons.” The main structure of the sentence is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 8．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “The teacher gave the students an interesting project”? A．The students had fun in the playground. B．The classroom is bigger than before. C．The students saw the leaves falling. D．Mr. Li is teaching us a new English song. 9．Which of the following sentences has the structure of “S+V+P”? A．It is an ideal place for wild birds. B．The dolphin is swimming in the pool. C．I found the panda very interesting. D．The bear climbed the tree. 10．—Which sentence has the same structure as “We find The Anti-Bully Squad interesting.” ? —It is _________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 11．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “The little girl is cute”? A．Mum and dad gave me nice presents B．The sun was shining. C．We have four seasons. D．Ice cream tastes nice. 12．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I see him playing basketball on the playground.”? A．We will send her a birthday card. B．They often fly kites on windy days. C．All the classmates find Tom generous. D．The new idea sounds really wonderful. 13．We waited over an hour for the train. A．宾语 B．表语 C．定语 D．主语 14．But robots will never get bored. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．宾语 15．The best way to relax is through exercise. A．表语 B．主语 C．宾语 D．定语 16．The one with little hair is Lisa. A．状语 B．定语 C．宾语 D．主语 17．I bought something for my father. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．表语 D．状语 18．There are 5 people in my family. A．主语 B．状语 C．定语 19．There will be more trees and less pollution in the future. A．宾语 B．定语 C．主语 D．状语 20．I hope to be a TV reporter one day. A．状语 B．宾语 C．定语 D．表语 21．I was doing my homework in my room. A．谓语 B．状语 C．宾语 22．The sentence is long and difficult. A．表语 B．定语 C．状语 D．谓语 23．Can you give me a bigger one than this? A．真正主语 B．形式主语 C．直接宾语 D．间接宾语 24．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I saw some kids kicking the ball”? A．Eddie has an e-dog. B．Hobo is kind and helpful. C．Hobo bought a bowl for Eddie. D．Eddie thinks Hobo a good friend. 25．句子 “Your team won a basketball game again.”属于哪种简单的基本句型? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 26．The sentence pattern of “My teacher encouraged me to take part in the show.” is ________. A．S + V + O B．S + V + P C．S + V + IO + DO D．S + V + O +OC 27．My father bought me a new bike yesterday. (选择属于哪个类型基本句型) A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO 28．The structure of the sentence “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC 29．— What’s the structure of the sentence “He is flying a kite now.”? — It is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC 30．Which of the following sentences has the structure of :S+V+IO+DO? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．Sandy’s mum gave her a new computer. C．I found him very interesting. D．Tommy does his homework every day. 二、写出下列句子的构成(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分) 31．This will also make my family happy. (写出句子结构) 32．His hobby has brought him pleasure and success. (写出句子结构) 33．My mother asked me to drink milk. (写出此句的句子结构) 34．I can’t stand soap operas. (写出句子结构) 35．Luckily. She made me happy yesterday. （写出句子结构） 36．The food in Malaysia tasted great. （写出句子结构） 37．Your story sounds interesting. (写出句子结构) 38．Tom finished his homework yesterday. (写出句子结构) 39．I haven’t read Harry Potter yet. (写出句子结构) 40．Bob lent his friends some books last week. (写出句子结构) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 D D C C C C A D A D 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 D C A C B B A A D B 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 C A D D B D C B C B 1．D 【详解】句意：Jenny期望她的妈妈是健康的。 考查句子结构。根据“Jenny expects her mother to be healthy.”可知，Jenny主语；expects谓语；her mother宾语；划线部分to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作宾语补足语。故选D。 2．D 【详解】句意：下面哪个句子是主谓宾结构? 考查句子结构。Dolphins swim fast.句子结构为S+V；The dress looks shiny in the sun.句子结构为S+V+P；Peter built his dog a house.句子结构为S+V+IO+DO；The volunteers are cleaning the street.句子结构为S+V+O，符合题目要求。故选D。 3．C 【详解】句意：以下哪一项与“We found the beds very comfortable”的句子结构相同？ 考查基本句型。The boy built his little brother a big tent的句子结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”；The sun was shining brightly的句子结构为“主语+谓语”；Sandy is watching her father work的句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”；His voice sounded strange的句子结构为“主语+系动词+表语”。“We found the beds very comfortable的句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”，C项符合。故选C。 4．C 【详解】句意：哪个句子的结构与“Hobo brought Eddie his clothes.”相同？ 考查句子结构。“Hobo brought Eddie his clothes.”是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构，其中“Eddie”为间接宾语，“his clothes”为直接宾语。选项C“My father bought me a nice bag.”也采用了相同句型结构即“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，其中“me”为间接宾语，“a nice bag”为直接宾语。故选C。 5．C 【详解】句意：“The good news made me happy”句型结构是S+V+DO+OC。 考查句型结构。S+V+IO+DO主谓间宾直宾；S+V+O主谓宾；S+V+DO+OC主谓宾宾补；S+V+P主系表。The good news作主语；made作谓语；me作宾语；happy形容词作宾补。故选C。 6．C 【详解】句意：以下哪一个句子结构与“他给儿子买了一些关于DIY的书。”相同？ 考查句子结构。The news made all of us sad.这消息使我们大家都很伤心，主+谓+宾补；The children are reading some magazines.孩子们正在读一些杂志，主+谓+宾；Mr. Li is teaching us an English song.李老师正在教我们一首英语歌曲，主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；Tom felt really tired out after a hard day’s work.经过一天的辛苦工作汤姆感到很累，主+系+表+状。所给句子“She bought her son some books about DIY.”中，She作主语；bought作谓语；her son作间接宾语；some books作直接宾语；about DIY关于DIY作状语。因此与C选项结构相同。故选C。 7．A 【详解】句意：“我们有四季。”这个句子的主要结构是S+V+O。 考查句子结构分析。在“We have four seasons.”中，We是句子的主语，have是谓语动词，four seasons是宾语。该句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即S+V+O。故选A。 8．D 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子的结构与“The teacher gave the students an interesting project”相同？ 考查基本句型。The students had fun in the playground的句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”；The classroom is bigger than before的句子结构为“主语+系动词+表语”；The students saw the leaves falling的句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”；Mr. Li is teaching us a new English song的句子结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。The teacher gave the students an interesting project的句子结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，D项符合。 9．A 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子具有“主语+系动词+表语”结构？ 考查基本句型。句子结构“S+V+P”代表“主语+系动词+表语”结构。“It is an ideal place for wild birds.”是“主语+系动词+表语”结构；“The dolphin is swimming in the pool.”是“主语+谓语”结构；“I found the panda very interesting.”是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构；“The bear climbed the tree.”是“主语+谓语+宾语”结构。故选A。 10．D 【详解】句意：——哪个句子和“我们觉得反欺凌小队很有趣”结构相同？——它是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知，“We”是主语，“find”是谓语，“The Anti - Bully Squad”是宾语，“interesting”是宾语补足语。故选D。 11．D 【详解】句意：下面哪一个句子与“The little girl is cute.”的句子结构相同？ 本题考查句子结构。分析句子“The little girl is cute.”的结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语，即为主系表结构。Mum and dad gave me nice presents.主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语，为主谓宾宾结构；The sun was shining.主语 + 谓语，为主谓结构；We have four seasons.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语，为主谓宾结构；Ice cream tastes nice.主语 + 系动词 + 表语，为主系表结构，与题干句子结构一致。故选D。 12．C 【详解】句意：下列哪项与“我看见他在操场上打篮球”有相同的句子结构？ 考查句子结构。We will send her a birthday card.我们将寄给她一张生日卡；They often fly kites on windy days.他们经常在有风的日子放风筝；All the classmates find Tom generous. 所有的同学都觉得汤姆很慷慨；The new idea sounds really wonderful.这个新主意听起来真不错。句子“I see him playing basketball on the playground.”中：I为主语；see为谓语；him为宾语；playing basketball为宾补；on the playground状语。选项C“All the classmates find Tom generous.”中：All the classmates为主语；find为谓语；Tom为宾语；generous为宾补。因此选项C结构与题干的句子都是“主+谓+宾+宾补”的结构。故选C。 13．A 【详解】句意：我们等火车等了一个多小时。 考查句子成分。本句中We为主语；waited for为谓语；the train为宾语，over an hour为状语。故选A。 14．C 【详解】句意：但机器人永远不会感到无聊。 考查句子成分。get是系动词，表示“变得”，后跟形容词bored作表语。故选C。 15．B 【详解】句意：最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。 考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知，这句话是主系表结构，这里的“The best way to relax”是主语。故选B。 16．B 【详解】句意：头发少的那个是丽莎。 考查句子成分。“with little hair”意为“有很少头发的”，作后置定语，修饰主语“The one”，故选B。 17．A 【详解】句意：我给我父亲买了些东西。 考查句子成分。bought“买”，实义动词，在句子作谓语，表示主语的动作。故选A。 18．A 【详解】句意：我家有5口人。 考查句子成分。分析句子可知，该句是there be句型，主语是“5 people”，“in my family”是地点状语。故选A。 19．D 【详解】句意：将来会有更多的树和更少的污染。 考查句子成分。in the future“在将来”，表示时间，修饰整个句子，因此在句子中作状语。故选D。 20．B 【详解】句意：我希望有一天能成为一名电视记者。 考查句子成分。根据句子结构分析，“to be a TV reporter”在句中作动词“hope”的宾语，不定式短语作宾语。故选B。 21．C 【详解】句意：我正在我的房间做作业。 考查句子成分。was doing为现在进行时的谓语部分，my homework作动词do的宾语。故选C。 22．A 【详解】句意：这个句子又长又难。 考查句子成分。long“长的”，difficult“难的”，形容词在句中作表语，故选A。 23．D 【详解】句意：你能给我一个比这个更大的吗？ 考查句子成分。 give sb. sth.“给某人某物”，直接宾语是sth.，间接宾语是sb.。故选D。 24．D 【详解】句意：以下哪一个句子的结构与“I saw some kids kicking the ball”相同？ 考查句子结构。I saw some kids kicking the ball. 结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”；D选项“Eddie thinks Hobo a good friend.”结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。故选D。 25．B 【详解】句意：句子 “Your team won a basketball game again.”属于哪种简单的基本句型？ 考查句子基本句型。此处主语为Your team；won为谓语；a basketball game为宾语。属于“S+V+O”结构。故选B。 26．D 【详解】句意：“我的老师鼓励我参加演出”的句型是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。 考查句子结构。分析句子可知，My teacher作主语；encouraged作谓语；me作宾语；to take part in the show作宾语补足语。故选D。 27．C 【详解】句意：我爸爸昨天给我买了一辆新自行车。 考查句子基本句型。此处主语为my father；bought为谓语；me为间接宾语；a new bike为直接宾语。属于“S+V+IO+DO”结构。 故选C。 28．B 【详解】句意：“She gave me a present yesterday.”这个句子结构是主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。 考查句子结构。S+V+O 主+谓+宾；S+V+IO+DO 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC 主+谓+宾+宾补；S+V+P主+系动词+表语。she主语；gave谓语；me间接宾语；a present直接宾语。故选B。 29．C 【详解】句意：——“他正在放风筝”这句话的结构是什么？——它是主谓宾结构。 考查句子结构。分析“He is flying a kite now.”可知，时态是现在进行时，He是主语，is flying是谓语，a kite是宾语，now是时间状语，所以这句话的结构是“主+谓+宾”。故选C。 30．B 【详解】句意：下面哪个句子的结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语？ 考查句子结构。Autumn leaves turn brown是主语+连系动词+表语结构；Sandy’s mum gave her a new computer是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语结构；I found him very interesting是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语结构；Tommy does his homework every day是主语+谓语+宾语结构。故选B。 31．S+V+O+OC/主+谓+宾+宾补 【详解】句意：这也会让我的家人快乐。该句是简单句，主语是“This”，谓语部分是“will make”，宾语是“my family”，宾语补足语是“happy”。故填S+V+O+OC/主+谓+宾+宾补。 32．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 【详解】分析句子可知，“His hobby”为主语，“has brought”为谓语动词，“him”为间接宾语，“pleasure and success”为直接宾语。故填：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 33．主+谓+宾+宾补/S+V+O+OC 【详解】句意：我妈妈叫我喝牛奶。分析句子成分可知，My mother作主语；asked作谓语；me作宾语；to drink milk为动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。故填：主+谓+宾+宾补/S+V+O+OC。 34．S+V+O 【详解】句意：我不能忍受肥皂剧。I作主语（S）；can’t stand作谓语（V）；soap operas作宾语（O）。故填S+V+O。 35．S+V+O+OC/主+谓+宾语+宾补 【详解】句意：幸运的是，她昨天让我很开心。分析句子可知，Luckily是状语；she是主语；made是谓语；me是宾语；happy是宾语补足语；yesterday是时间状语。故句子结构是：S+V+O+OC/主+谓+宾语+宾补。故填：S+V+O+OC/主+谓+宾语+宾补。 36．SVP 【详解】句意：马来西亚的食物味道很好。主语是The food in Malaysia；谓语是系动词tasted；表语是great，所以此句是主系表结构，故填：SVP。 37．S+V+P 【详解】句意: 你的故事听起来很有趣。分析题干可知，Your story作主语；sounds为系动词作谓语；interesting为表语。故句子结构为主+系+表。故填S+V+P。 38．主谓宾状 【详解】句意：汤姆昨天完成了作业。分析句子可知，Tom是主语；finished“完成”是谓语动词；his homework“他的作业”是宾语；yesterday“昨天”是时间状语。故填：主谓宾状。 39．S+V+O 【详解】句意：我还没读过《哈利波特》。分析句子结构可知，I作主语，haven’t read作谓语，Harry Potter作宾语，yet作状语。故填S+V+O。 40．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语 【详解】句意：Bob上星期借给他朋友一些书。分析句子成分可知，Bob作主语；lent作谓语；his friends作间接宾语；some books作直接宾语；last week作时间状语。故填：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$