内容正文:
续表
项目环节 教学活动 设计说明
评价反馈
T gives feedback to each group based on both teacher’s
and Ss’ evaluation.
教师收集学生评价,
结合自己的评价,进
行评价反馈。
思考题:请说一说项目教学法的优势和不足,并对以上项目教学法案例进行评价。
第五节 整体语言教学案例与分析
问题导入:
针对以下教学材料,你的教学目标是什么? 你将如何设计教学活动?
Emperor Penguins
Emperor penguins are considered the most beautiful and the largest of all penguins. They are
amazing birds. They are good survivors, excellent swimmers and great parents. Do you know where
we can see them?
You are absolutely right! Antarctica. Only Antarctica!
Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly
covered with ice. It is colder, drier and windier than any other place on the Earth. The lowest
temperature can reach ⁃89. 2° C. In order to survive the extremely tough environment, emperor
penguins have to cooperate. They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep
warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.
Emperor penguins live on a diet which consists of different types of fish and other kinds of sea
life. To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind
of penguin. Their dives often reach about 244 metres, and they can even dive to more than 535
metres when necessary. They can remain under water for almost 18 minutes, longer than any other
kind of penguin.
Emperor penguins have a very hard time bringing up their babies. They have to go to great
lengths to care for their children. After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave
the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg. For two months, the
father, whose duty is to keep the egg safe and warm, carries his egg around on his feet and will
give up eating until the mother returns. He does not sit on the egg like many other birds, but
203
•高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析•
stands and balances it on his feet. Thus he is at the mercy of the Antarctic weather. When the
mother returns from the sea, sometimes up to 60 80 kilometres away, she throws up some of the
food for the chick and takes the male’s place to look after it. The father then takes his turn to feed
at sea. Cooperative parenting at its finest!
By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water
appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and
great parents on their own. What an amazing cycle it is!
(选自重庆大学出版社普通高中教科书《英语》必修第一册 Unit 5 Amazing Animals)
【内容分析】
本篇文章选自重庆大学出版社普通高中教科书《英语》必修第一册第五单元。 本单元主
题为神奇的动物 ( Amazing Animals), 阅读、 思考与分析部分 ( Reading, Thinking and
Analysing)的文章标题为帝企鹅(Emperor Penguins)。 下面从 what, how, why 三个方面分析
本篇文章:
What:本文介绍神奇的鸟类:帝企鹅。 文章共有六个段落,第一段总体介绍帝企鹅作为
企鹅家族最大、最漂亮的企鹅,其神奇之处在于它们是优秀的生存者、游泳好手和伟大的父
母。 文章主体部分围绕这三个方面作详细介绍。 最后一段回应首段并点题:生命的传承,年
幼的帝企鹅准备成为优秀的生存者、游泳好手和伟大的父母。
How:本文是一篇科普性说明文,文章用总—分结构介绍帝企鹅的栖息地、觅食方式和
抚育幼鸟。 数据的使用是本说明文的特征之一,如,介绍帝企鹅生活的南极洲的极寒气候,
最低气温可能达到-89.2 ℃,不能飞的鸟类,帝企鹅擅长游泳,潜水深度经常在 244 米左右,
若有必要,潜水深度可超过 535 米,水下停留约 18 分钟。 在介绍帝企鹅的父母职责时,同样
使用数据,如帝企鹅爸爸放弃进食两个月,负责孵蛋,帝企鹅妈妈有时从 60 ~ 80 千米以外的
大海上回来。 另外一个特征是形容词比较级、最高级的使用,如:the most beautiful and the
largest of all penguins;the most southern area of land on the Earth;colder, drier and
windier than any other place on the Earth;much deeper than any other kind of penguin;longer
than any other kind of penguin 等。 数字的使用凸显信息的科学性;形容词比较级、最高级的
使用让读者更容易在比较中感知信息。
Why:本文作为科普性说明文,有助于学生学习关于帝企鹅这一神奇鸟类的知识,增强
学生的动物保护意识,另一方面学生能从帝企鹅对抗严寒,照顾幼鸟中感受、学习坚强与
责任。
【学习目标】
学生通过参与项目活动,能够:
(1)根据关键词:优秀的生存者、游泳好手和伟大的父母,介绍帝企鹅。
(2)撰写一篇有关动物的介绍报告或绘制一份动物的介绍海报并进行介绍。
303
•第十章 整体语言教学设计与案例分析•
【时间安排】
本项目的学习分为两个阶段,第一阶段学生熟悉项目任务,分组,明确目标,完成对帝企
鹅的介绍。 第二阶段学生在课后查找资料的基础上,课堂完成动物介绍报告的写作或海报
的制作,然后进行汇报分享。
活动设计
第一阶段
步骤 教学活动 设计说明
分组
明确
学习
安排
T divides the whole class into small groups. T tells Ss
the learning plan and objectives.
①Work in small groups and introduce amazing
emperor penguins;
②Work in small groups and search information about
another amazing animal and write a report or make a
poster, then report it orally.
学生分组并明确学习计划和
目标。
目标对学生的学习能起到引领
作用,让学生明确学习任务和活
动形式。
讲解
任务
明确
评价
T explains the steps and evaluation criteria.
Evaluation criteria:
①whether all group members get involved in the project
and contribute to the project;
②whether their mind maps are clear to sort out the
information in the passage;
③whether the oral report covers the main points about
emperor penguins;
④whether the report is convincing enough about how
amazing the emperor penguins are;
⑤whether the reporters’ oral English is clear and fluent
enough.
学生明确小组任务与评价标准。
评价涵盖小组成员的参与度、思
维导图的绘制、口头汇报的内容
以及英语的应用。
评价的目的是帮助学生了解任
务的目标和努力的方向,对学习
过程起到监控的作用。
小组
合作
完成
任务
Ss are asked to work in groups to finish the following
tasks.
①Answer the following questions:
•Why are emperor penguins amazing birds?
•How amazing are emperor penguins?
② Read the passage “ Emperor Penguins ” in the
textbook and draw mind maps;
③Prepare for oral reports based on the mind maps
about amazing emperor penguins.
首先小组需回答两个问题:帝企
鹅为什么神奇以及怎样神奇?
此问题紧扣单元主题,学生通过
小组合作解决问题的过程就是
对文章主题的探究。 然后小组
梳理信息,绘制文章的思维导
图。 学生完成思维导图的过程
便是加工文本信息。 最后学生
根据小组绘制的思维导图,准备
口头汇报,在语言应用中内化文
本信息。
403
•高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析•
续表
步骤 教学活动 设计说明
小组
汇报
师生
评价
信息
补充
•Groups are asked to introduce amazing emperor penguins one
by one.
•T guides Ss to make comments based on evaluation criteria and
T gives feedback and further explanation if Ss’ introductions are
not up to criteria.
• T may use the following mind map and introduce emperor
penguins and asks Ss to evaluate it with the criteria.
•T guides Ss to discuss the structure and features of the passage.
•T guides Ss to share more information about emperor penguins
such as its height, weight, appearance, life expectancy etc. so
that students can have an overall understanding of emperor
penguins. Meanwhile, T helps Ss to build a schema to give an
animal report.
For example:
Height and weight: Emperor penguin is the largest member of the
penguin order. Some members of this species may grow to about
130 cm long and weigh 25 to 45 kg.
Appearance: Adults are coloured black and white with areas of
orange and yellow on the head, neck, and breast. Juveniles are
smaller, and their plumage is similar to that of the adults, with
pale white to light gray feathers in place of those coloured orange
and yellow.
Life expectancy: The emperor penguin typically lives 15 to 20
years in the wild, but some records indicate a maximum lifespan of
40 years.
Conservation status: The emperor penguin is considered a near
threatened species by the International Union for Conservation of
Nature ( IUCN). Ecologists have recorded population declines in
some emperor penguin colonies.
小组逐个汇报项目
成果,教师引导学
生根据评价标准进
行评价,结合学生
汇报、评价,教师进
一步补充、解释。
最后教师可以展示
自己 做 的 思 维 导
图,介绍帝企鹅,让
学生进行评价。
在此基础上,引导
学生讨论本篇文章
的结 构 和 文 本 特
征,强调文本中数
字、形容词以及主
题句的使用。
教师引导学生,分
享更多关于帝企鹅
的基本信息,如身
高、体重、 外貌、 寿
命、保护现状等,一
方面使学生对帝企
鹅有 更 全 面 的 了
解,激发学生的环
境保护意识。 另一
方面为学生搭建科
普性说明文的结构
框架,为学生完成
Animal Report 建构
结构图式。
503
•第十章 整体语言教学设计与案例分析•
续表
步骤 教学活动 设计说明
作业
布置
小组
协商
确定
话题
组内
分工
T assigns homework and asks Ss to prepare for the
next lesson’s report.
•Groups discuss to decide another amazing animal
they’d like to introduce and search the corresponding
information online after class.
•T collects topics from each group so as to prepare
accordingly.
教师布置作业:通过小组讨论确
定要介绍的动物,并进行分工,
课后查阅相关资料。
教师收集小组话题,根据学生选
定的话题准备补充资料。
第二阶段
步骤 教学活动 设计说明
明确
标准
信息
分享
•T guides Ss to revise the evaluation criteria used at
the first stage.
•Ss are asked to work in small groups to share what
they have got from the Internet.
师生合作,根据第一阶段的评价
标准,完善本阶段的评价标准。
学生更容易根据自己确定的标
准努力学习。
明确的评价标准可进一步明晰
任务目标,之后学生带着目标分
享信息。
撰写
报告
或制作
海报
Ss work in small groups to sort out information and
write animal reports or make animal posters.
小组梳理、整合信息,撰写动物
介绍的报告或制作海报。
小组
自评
修改
完善
Ss work in small groups to evaluate their works and
polish them.
小组合作,参照评价标准,进行
评价并完善作品。
小组
汇报
师生
评价
信息
补充
•Ss are asked to introduce their amazing animals
group by group.
• T guides Ss to give comments based on the
evaluation criteria.
•T can supplement more information according to
Ss’ introductions and guides Ss to reflect on
animal conservation.
小组汇报,教师引导学生评价,
并根据汇报情况补充信息。
引导学生思考动物保护问题。
603
•高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析•
案例分析
本案例围绕人与自然这一主题语境,基于动物介绍类科普性说明文的语篇,在合作完成
项目的过程中,融入语言学习、思维发展、文化感知和学习能力的培养。
本案例采用项目教学法进行设计,项目教学法以最终项目成果的产出为教学目标。 本
案例的两个目标都是项目的产出目标,第一个产出目标是基于文本内容的学习、内化与应
用;第二个产出目标是相关话题知识的迁移与创新。
项目教学以学生为中心,学生在探究、解决问题的过程中使用语言,内化知识,迁移创
新。 本案例中学生探究、解决的核心问题就是动物为什么神奇、怎么神奇,问题贯穿项目的
始终。 在第一个阶段学生绘制思维导图,梳理文本信息以及口头汇报时,紧扣帝企鹅的神
奇,以及神奇表现的三个方面。 第二个阶段中,学生自主探究,同样紧扣“神奇”,筛选、梳理
素材,撰写报告或者制作海报,并进行介绍。
项目教学中教师角色会发生变化。 本案例中教师组织分组,让学生明确任务目标,清楚
评价标准,组织学生探究,随时提供帮助。 教师根据学生汇报情况,进行反馈与补充,引导学
生完成项目。 整个教学过程中的教师不再是知识的讲授者,而是协调者、促进者和帮助者。
本案例设计中学生需综合运用技能,在小组合作、互动探究的过程中,培养合作学习能
力、语言能力和探究能力。 学生在绘制思维导图的过程中,培养归纳整理信息的能力,同时
深入解读语篇,为项目的最终完成提供支架。
评价贯穿案例设计的始终。 在活动开始时,教师让学生明确任务目标,清楚项目的评价
标准。 在项目进展过程中,学生对照标准进行自评。 在项目汇报阶段,师生根据标准,进行
合作评价。 在第二个阶段的评价中,教师引导学生完善评价标准,根据标准开展活动。 实现
“教”“学”“评”的一体化,在评价中促进学习,监控学习,培养批判思维能力。
动物是自然界的精灵,保护环境,保护动物是每一个人的责任。 在本项目学习过程中的
第一阶段,教师补充帝企鹅的保护现状;第二阶段,教师根据学生的汇报,引导学生关注神奇
动物的生存现状,思考不同文化中动物的保护,培养学生的文化意识与社会责任意识。
教学设计实践
针对以下教学材料,如何进行整体语言教学设计?
What Happened to the Earth?
An earthquake—an extremely destructive natural disaster—is a sudden and violent shaking of
the ground. Here is a description.
At two minutes to noon, September 1, 1923, the great clock in Tokyo stopped. Tokyo Bay shook
as if a huge carpet had been pulled from under it. The earthquake came from a trench in the sea at a
magnitude of 8.3 on the Richter scale.
The sea drew back for a few moments. Then, a huge wave swept across the city. Boats were
carried inland, and buildings and people were pulled out to sea. The shaking of the earth not only
took away part of a hillside, but also brushed trains and stations into the water below. Large sections
of the sea⁃bed sank by 400 metres; the land rose by 250 metres in some places and sank in others.
Three powerful shocks ruined the cities of Tokyo and Yokohama and, during the next six hours, there
703
•第十章 整体语言教学设计与案例分析•
were 171 aftershocks.
So how does an earthquake occur? In simple terms, an earthquake happens due to the sudden
movement of the Earth’s plates. The pressure of the plates pushing against each other sometimes
builds up to breaking point. When one breaks, the ground suddenly moves forward, and shock
waves from this ground movement cause the earth to shake, or quake. The ground shakes violently
and huge cracks may appear. An earthquake begins beneath the ground at the point where the
rocks move, and the energy waves then travel up to the surface.
There are around 500,000 earthquakes each year, while about 100,000 can actually be felt.
Most earthquake belts are located along the edges of the Pacific Plate or near mountainous areas
such as the Himalayas. An earthquake can have damaging effects on our homes, property,
environment, and especially life. The Tokyo earthquake in 1923 killed an extremely large number
of people. Yet there were also some lucky survivors. The most unbelievable was a woman who was
having a bath in her room at the Tokyo Grand Hotel. As the hotel crashed, she and her bath
elegantly fell to the street, leaving both her and the bathwater unchanged.
It’s an extraordinary event, isn’t it? She’s a terribly lucky dog, isn’t she? One cannot just
rely on luck, however. Experts warn that a single quake could cause the death of up to 3 million
people in some overpopulated cities. It is therefore necessary to take measures in advance to reduce
the consequences of earthquakes.
(选自重庆大学出版社普通高中教科书《英语》必修第二册 Unit 5 Natural Disasters)
803
•高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析•