精品解析：北京市第一〇一中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题

北京市第一○一中学2024-2025学年度统考四 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 One Mother to Another On Wednesday evening, our daughter, who was at a boarding school over 200 kilometers away, told us that she had lost her phone when she took part in an activity off campus. We realized that we had little chance of finding it. The next morning my phone beeped (哔哔响) loudly. A kind voice announced that she had something that belonged to my daughter. I ___1___ that I lived a three-hour drive away, and told her I would ask a friend to fetch the phone. My daughter had written my number on the inside of her phone’s case — good thinking! After contacting the people I know who lived near the school, I was out of ___2___ — no one could go and ___3___ the phone, not surprisingly as it was the working day and everyone was busy. I decided to ask the lady to post the phone to my daughter. But when I sent her a text to ask if this would be OK, she replied, “We will ___4___ it and we’re going to drive down to the boarding school tonight.” To my ___5___, this wonderful couple, who had already spent a busy day at work, was making a round trip on the night, ___6___ for returning a phone to a complete stranger. How touching it was! I gave them directions and they ___7___ the phone into the hands of my daughter at her boarding house. The only word of an explanation was, “I’ve got children of my own, and I know how a mother ___8___.” We had thought that the chance of getting back the phone was ___9___, but we got it back in such a short time. It was a wonderful reminder of the good in the world and how the actions of one person can _____10_____ the world to another. 1. A. suggested B. reported C. explained D. argued 2. A. date B. luck C. work D. control 3. A. pick up B. carry out C. hand in D. give away 4. A. find B. show C. miss D. take 5. A. regret B. surprise C. amusement D. disappointment 6. A. especially B. certainly C. definitely D. probably 7. A. conducted B. arranged C. delivered D. identified 8. A. doubts B. interests C. predicts D. worries 9. A. free B. slim C. hard D. fair 10. A. tell B. face C. mean D. join 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了远在寄宿学校的女儿丢了手机，一对好心的陌生夫妇特地来回奔波给她送手机的事情。作者从此事中感受到，人的善行能够影响到别人。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我解释道我住在三小时的车程开外，并且告诉她我会让一个朋友去拿这个手机。A. suggested建议；B. reported报道；C. explained解释；D. argued争论。根据语境可知，此处母亲“我”接到来自对方的电话，应该是与对方解释自己路程较远。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在联系了住在学校附近的熟人后，我很不走运——没人能去接电话，这并不奇怪，因为那天是工作日，大家都很忙。A. date日期，B. luck运气；C. work工作；D. control控制。根据下文“not surprisingly as it was the working day and everyone was busy”推测，因为那天是工作日，大家都很忙，“我”并没有找到可以拿手机的人，应该是不走运的。out of luck“不走运的”。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. pick up捡起，获得；B. carry out执行；C. hand in上交；D. give away捐赠。根据上文语境可知，此处“我”找不到可以拿手机的人，pick up the phone“拿手机”，符合题意。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我给她发短信问她这样行不行时，她回答：“我们将会带上它，并且我们今天晚上将会开车去寄宿学校。”A. find找到；B. show展示；C. miss错过，想念；D. take带。根据下文“drive down to the boarding school”判断，陌生人应该是要带上手机去找“我”的女儿，将手机还给她。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这对完美的夫妇，已经忙了一天的工作，却要在晚上来回奔波，尤其是为了把手机还给一个完全陌生的人。A. regret遗憾；B. surprise惊讶；C. amusement娱乐；D. disappointment失望。根据本句句意推测，“我”应该对于这对陌生夫妇的表现非常吃惊。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. especially尤其；B. certainly当然；C. definitely肯定。根据语境判断，“我”认为陌生夫妇的行为是让人惊讶的，尤其是为了陌生人。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我给了他们方向，他们将手机递到了在公寓里的我女儿的手上。A. conducted执行；B. arranged安排；C. delivered递送；D. identified识别。根据上文可知，此处陌生夫妇将手机送到了“我”的女儿的手上。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有我自己的孩子，我知道一个妈妈有多担心。A. doubts怀疑；B. interests感兴趣；C. predicts预测；D. worries担心。根据“I’ve got my children of my own”可知，这位送手机的也是一位母亲，也能体会到作为一个母亲的担心。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们原以为拿回手机的机会很渺茫，但是我们在这么短的时间内就把它拿了回来。A. free空闲的；B. slim小的，少的；C. hard困难的；D. fair公平的。根据后半句句意推测，原来对于拿回手机这件事已经不抱希望了，即希望很小。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它很好地提醒我们世界上有善，并且一个人的行为对另一个人意味着整个世界。A. tell告诉；B. face面对；C. mean意味；D. join加入。根据语境判断，“我”从陌生夫妇的行为中知道了人的善行对于另外一个人的影响是如此之大，mean the world to another“对另外一个人意味着世界”，符合语境。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Learner’s dictionaries, all in English, are specially designed to help students. ____11____ confuses students is how they can be easy to use. Well, the definitions are simpler than the words they describe—they use high-frequency words. Students can also get grammatical and usage guidance, opposites, other expressions ____12____ (use) the word and lots of examples. So you can see that the dictionary helps to increase your word power, and improve not only your reading and listening, but also your writing and speaking. There may also be a wide range of ____13____ (picture) to help you understand. 【答案】11. What 12. using 13. pictures 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。所有的英语学习词典都是专门为帮助学生而设计的，文章对这些词典的使用方法进行了介绍。 【11题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：让学生们困惑的是如何使它们易于使用。主语从句“confuses students”中缺少主语，且是指事物，所以应用what。故填what。 【12题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：学生也可以得到语法和用法指导，反义词，其他表达使用的单词和大量的例子。动词use和逻辑主语other expressions构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作后置定语。故填using。 【13题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：也可能有各种各样的图片来帮助你理解。a range of后应用可数名词复数。故填pictures。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 If you have been fishing, you know how hard it is to catch a really big fish. One reason is that it is difficult to find the exact position of the fish. The other reason is that big fish won’t just jump in the boat once they ____14____ (locate). Years ago, a man named Alf Dean ____15____ (overcome) both difficulties. Dean went fishing off the coast of South Australia. He pulled in a great white shark that weighed 2,664 pounds and measured over sixteen feet in length. That is ____16____ (big) fish ever caught by a single person. 【答案】14. are located 15. overcame 16. the biggest 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。抓到一条非常大的鱼是很难的，但是多年前，一个名叫阿尔夫·迪恩的人抓到了迄今为止一个人钓到的最大的鱼。 【14题详解】 考查一般现在时和被动语态。句意：另一个原因是大鱼一旦被找到不会直接跳上船。此处讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时。动词locate和主语they构成被动关系。故填are located。 【15题详解】 考查一般过去时。句意：多年前，一个名叫阿尔夫·迪恩的人克服了这两个困难。根据“Years ago”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填overcame。 【16题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：这是迄今为止一个人钓到的最大的鱼。根据ever可知，此处是指迄今为止一个人钓到的最大的鱼，应用形容词最高级。故填the biggest。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many people like travelling abroad. The extra money ____17____ (bring) in can be of great benefit to these countries. However, tourism has not been good news for the environment. First, transporting millions of tourists to their holiday destinations ____18____ (pollute) the air and the seas. Secondly, some beautiful landscapes are destroyed forever due to the newly-built hotels. And finally, fresh water supplies are running low ____19____ tourists consume much water. To conclude, I think tourism has a lot of negative consequences on nature. If we want our planet to be a ____20____ (health) place, we need to travel less. 【答案】17. brought 18. pollutes 19. because 20. healthy 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。虽然出国旅游会给这些国家带来好处，但是也会污染环境，作者认为为了保护环境，我们就需要少旅行。 【17题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：额外带来的资金可以给这些国家带来巨大的利益。动词bring和主语money构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填brought。 【18题详解】 考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：首先，将数百万游客运送到度假目的地会污染空气和海洋。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语transporting为动名词，第三人称单数。故填pollutes。 【19题详解】 考查连词。句意：最后，由于游客消耗大量的水，淡水供应越来越少。“ tourists consume much water”是“fresh water supplies are running low”的原因，所以可用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果我们想让我们的地球成为一个健康的地方，我们就需要少旅行。修饰名词place应用形容词。故填healthy。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Honors Program (美国大学荣誉课程) in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered to high school seniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science. Students can earn both a Bachelor of Science (B. S.) and a Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph. D.) in approximately 6 years. Applicants to the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology must be in their last year of high school. Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientists in Biochemistry& Molecular Biology and also in clinical laboratories with scientists that are associated with the department. They will conduct intensive laboratory work in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer before their first fall semester starts. By spring of their junior year, students will prepare an undergraduate thesis (本科毕业论文) as preparation for their entry into graduate school (研究生院). At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do research with a graduate faculty member. To be considered students must: have a combined SAT I score of 1400 (combined Math and Critical Reading scores) meet the SAT II score requirement of at least 600 in Math, and one science (Biology, Chemistry or Physics) have completed eight semesters of English and mathematics and two semesters each of biology and chemistry by the time they graduate from high school complete all components of your Common Application for undergraduate admission by November 1 of your senior year complete a supplemental application form for the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology include a counselor (辅 导 老 师 ) recommendation, three letters of recommendation from teachers in support of your application to the Honors Program and a personal statement Send all Dual Admission Honors Program application materials to: Dual Admission Honors Programs Office of Admission University of Miami P. O. Box 248025 Coral Gables, FL 33124-4616 Fax number: (513) 529-7592 (513) 529-1950 For more information on the HPBMB, contact: Dr. Thomas K. Harris Director, Undergraduate and Medical Education Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Office: Gautier Building Room 111 Phone: 305-243-3358 E-Mail: tkharris@miami.edu 21. We can learn from the passage that ______. A. Grade One students in a high school can apply for the program B. it’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’s degree C. graduates are promised to have a chance to work with top biomedical scientists D. a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wants to go to graduate school 22. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirement for application? A. A combined SAT I score of 1400. B. A combined SAT Ⅱ score of 600 in Math and one science. C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers. D. A letter of recommendation from the principal. 23. If an applicant wants more information, he can contact Director of the Honors Program except ______. A. by fax B. in person C. by e-mail D. by phone 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了美国生物化学与分子生物学荣誉课程的招生简章，包括录取要求和联系方式等。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Students can earn both a Bachelor of Science (B. S.) and a Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph. D.) in approximately 6 years. (学生可以在大约6年内获得理学学士学位和哲学博士学位。)”可知，学生可以在大约6年内获得理学学士学位和哲学博士学位，由此可知，我们可以从这篇文章中得知毕业生有可能同时获得学士学位和博士学位。故选B项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据“To be considered students must”部分关键句“have a combined SAT I score of 1400 (combined Math and Critical Reading scores) (SAT I综合成绩为1400分（数学和批判性阅读综合成绩）)”、“meet the SAT II score requirement of at least 600 in Math, and one science (Biology, Chemistry or Physics) (满足SAT II数学和一门科学（生物、化学或物理）至少600分的分数要求)”和“include a counselor (辅 导 老 师 ) recommendation, three letters of recommendation from teachers in support of your application to the Honors Program and a personal statement (包括辅导老师推荐信、教师为支持您申请荣誉课程而出具的三封推荐信以及个人陈述)”可知，申请必要的要求是SAT I综合成绩为1400分、SATⅡ数学和一门科学的综合成绩为600分、老师的三封推荐信，没有提到校长的推荐信。故选D项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据“For more information on the HPBMB, contact”部分关键句“Office: Gautier Building, Room 111 (办公室：高蒂尔大厦111室)”、“Phone: 305-243-3358 (电话：305-243-3358)”和“E-Mail: tkharris@miami.edu (电子邮件：tkharris@miami.edu)”可知，如果申请人需要更多信息，可以通过电话或电子邮件联系，也可以亲自去办公室，但不能发传真。故选A项。 B What animal pulls at your heartstrings—a panda or a toad (蟾蜍)? Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of the world’s least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection. Cooke’s blogs and online videos bring her unusual storytelling style to a serious message: If we only care for the best loved animals, other important parts of the web of life could be ignored. There are so many television shows about lovely animals like koala bears and kittens, she observes. All the attention seems focused on “celebrity” animals. “Those unusual creatures attract me because they tell an amazing evolutionary (进化) story,” Cooke said. “I’m interested in all of nature, not just the shiny bits.” Amphibians—animals like frogs that live both on land and in water—top Cooke’s list. Over a third of amphibians are going extinct; it’s the worst extinction crisis since the dinosaurs were wiped off the planet. “Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well,” she noted. “That motivated me to start my blog, The Amphibian Avenger. When amphibians go extinct, birds and snakes that eat them also disappear. And since they breathe through their skin, they are easily attacked by pollution and climate change. That makes them fantastic instruments for measuring the health of ecosystems.” One of Cooke’s most popular online videos is about sloths—extremely slow-moving animals that live in trees. They’ve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid. In fact, “slothfulness” is the key to the animal’s success, allowing the sloth’s liver (肝脏) to process poisonous substances found in the leaves it eats. Moving slowly also keeps it hidden from enemies. “My video showed the world how interesting they are,” Cooke said. The bats, dung beetles and more get their moment in the sun thanks to Cooke. “I just want people to share my sense of amazement and love for these creatures.” Cooke stated. “Once you understand why they’re ugly or odd, you’ll appreciate them and want to save them as much as I do.” 24. Cooke started The Amphibian Avenger in order to ________. A. make the animal popular with people B. show her unique appreciation of beauty C. introduce the research on a new species D. explain the importance of this kind of animal 25. Cooke’s video about sloths is an example of ________ A. why some animals deserve their reputation B. why she thinks it necessary to save animals C. how people focus on some specific animals D. how she is trying to change people’s minds 26. What is the best title of the passage? A. Animal Defender B. Intelligent Animals C. Cooke’s Storytelling Blogs D. The Secret of Extinct Creatures 【答案】24. D 25. D 26. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物学家露西·库克为保护动物所做出的努力。她希望向世界展示为什么一些最不可爱的动物实际上是最有趣的，值得我们关注和保护。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well”（两栖动物在食物链中占据着一个至关重要的位置。如果你把它们移走，其他的一切也都会消失）可知，库克开始写《两栖动物复仇者》是为了解释这种动物的重要性。故选D。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“They’ve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid.（他们总是以懒惰和愚蠢而闻名。）”和最后一句“My video showed the world how interesting they are”（我的视频向世界展示了他们是多么有趣）可知，这个视频是为了改变人们对树懒的看法，所以库克关于树懒的视频是她如何试图改变人们想法的一个例子。故选D。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of the world’s least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection.”（动物学家露西·库克提醒人们注意一些世界上最不吸引人的动物。她希望向世界展示为什么一些最不可爱的动物实际上是最有趣的，值得我们关注和保护。）以及下文露西·库克的行为可知，文章主要介绍了动物学家露西·库克为保护动物所做出的努力。所以选项A（动物的保护者）是最好的标题。故选A。 C Vaccines (疫苗) may soon make their first film appearance. Led by expert Maria A. Croyle, researchers have developed a thin sheet that preserves vaccines for long periods without using the cooling system. This means the carefully cooled small bottles now used to ship vaccines could potentially be replaced by lightweight films that can be mailed in an envelope and stored on a shelf. Croyle’s laboratory began developing the technology in 2007. Inspired by amber’s ability to preserve the DNA of insects, the researchers set out to create their own version of the substance by mixing “a lot of sugar and a little bit of salt, much like hard candy,” Croyle explains. The vaccine-containing film is administered by mouth - sweet news for many who dislike needles. The film is tailored to suit each specific vaccine candidate and provide a protective coating. “We’ve learned over time that the key to really stabilizing whatever the film holds is to have it intermixed with all the components,” Croyle says, adding that the process is quick and uses affordable, standard equipment. “We really wanted to come up with something that would be transported to developing countries.” Immunization (免疫) programs depend heavily on keeping vaccines cold (2℃-8℃) as they are transported, sometimes over thousands of kilometers to far-away locations. Delivery can be difficult and costly, and transport delaying can cause the vaccines to be ineffective. But this new product can store live viruses, bacteria and antibodies for several months at 20℃. In a paper published in Science Advances, the scientists show that the live viruses in one vaccine were preserved in the film even after 36 months. They also find that a flu vaccine suspended in their film compares favourably with a traditional flu shot. “The study demonstrates early proof of concept for an exciting platform for vaccine product development,” says Lisa Rohan, who was not involved in the study. She also notes that each vaccine type would need a custom formulation (配方) for future stages of development. Finding partners to mass-produce for clinical trials is the researchers’ most pressing problem, Croyle says. They are also exploring packaging methods to keep their films stable up to 40℃. Size is a major advantage- a letter-sized sheet of the film can carry more than 500 doses (剂) of vaccine, about 1/900 the weight of the same amount of traditional doses. By making it easier and cheaper to ship and preserve vaccines efficiently, Croyle says, the technology could vastly improve immunization rates the world over, particularly in middle-to-low income countries. 27. What can we learn about the film? A. It contains animal’s DNA. B. It will replace vaccines. C. It comes in different flavours. D. It can hold bio-products. 28. According to Paragraph 3, we can learn about the film’s ________. A. key component B. development schedule C. possible advantages D. transportation requirements 29. The author mentions Lisa Rohan’s words to________. A. advise personalizing vaccines B. suggest the product is promising C. prove the study is supported widely D. stress the functions of a new platform 30. What will be the next urgent task for Croyle’s team? A. Advertising the film worldwide. B. Improving the film’s capacity. C. Reducing the shipping cost. D. Seeking ideal producers. 【答案】27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科研团队研发出了一种可以长时间保存疫苗而无需冷藏的薄片，描述了它的功能和潜在价值。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Led by expert Maria A. Croyle, researchers have developed a thin sheet that preserves vaccines for long periods without using the cooling system.(在专家Maria a . Croyle的带领下，研究人员开发出了一种不使用冷却系统就能长时间保存疫苗的薄片。)”可知，这种薄膜可以装生物制品。故选D。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The film is tailored to suit each specific vaccine candidate and provide a protective coating.(该薄膜是量身定制的，以适合每个特定的候选疫苗，并提供一层保护涂层。)”和“the key to really stabilizing whatever the film holds is to have it intermixed with all the components(真正稳定胶片的关键是将它与所有成分混合在一起)”以及“the process is quick and uses affordable, standard equipment(这个过程是快速的，使用廉价的标准设备)”可推断，在第三段我们可以了解到薄膜的可能的优势。故选C。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段““The study demonstrates early proof of concept for an exciting platform for vaccine product development,” says Lisa Rohan(“这项研究证明了一个激动人心的疫苗产品开发平台的概念的早期证明，”Lisa Rohan说)”可推断，作者引用Lisa Rohan的话来暗示这个产品很有前途。故选B。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Finding partners to mass-produce for clinical trials is the researchers’ most pressing problem, Croyle says.(Croyle说，为临床试验寻找大规模生产的伙伴是研究人员最紧迫的问题。)”可知，克罗伊团队的下一个紧急任务是寻求理想的制造商。故选D。 D Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, but it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today. Why not? After all, it undoubtedly would pass the tests of correctness and significance. And while it’s believed that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult. As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 1.2 men understood the theory of relativity, which is not true. After reading the paper, a lot of people understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 1.2.” No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an explanation of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphs. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors. A similar process of professionalisation has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major laboratories are more strictly structured. And anything involving work with human objects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork. We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships at established laboratories is the norm. These professionalising tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardisation and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops (繁文缛节). Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read. 31. According to Richard Feynman, which statement about Einstein’s 1915 paper is true? A. It attracted few professionals. B. It turned out to be comprehensible. C. It needed further improvement. D. It was a classic in theoretical physics. 32. What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Unrealistic. B. Imprecise. C. Unattractive. D. Irrelevant. 33. According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops? A. The selection of young talents. B. The evaluation of laboratories. C. The principle of scientific research. D. The application of research findings. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. How to write quality papers? B. Will science be professionalised? C. Could Einstein’s Work Get Published Today? D. How will modern science make advances? 【答案】31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过引用物理学家的话以及现代科学爆炸式发展带来的专业化趋势来介绍爱因斯坦1915年的名著《广义相对论的基础》，这篇论文读起来不一样的地方以及它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表的原因。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 1.2 men understood the theory of relativity, which is not true. After reading the paper, a lot of people understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 1.2.”(正如物理学家理查德·费曼所写的那样：“曾经有一段时间，报纸上说只有1.2个人理解相对论，这是不正确的。读了这篇论文后，很多人都以某种方式理解了相对论，肯定不止1.2个。”)”可知，爱因斯坦1915年的论文证明是可以理解的。故选B项。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词后句“Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphs. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.(更糟糕的是，上面没有引用以前科学家的工作，也没有任何图表。这些特点可能会让一篇文章甚至无法通过第一编辑。)”可知，爱因斯坦的论文没有引用，也没有图表，在如今看来是很糟糕的，因此此处是说他在论文中花大量篇幅进行的哲学讨论和张量微积分的阐述在今天被认为是无关紧要的，所以画线词词义为“不相关的、无关紧要的”。故选D项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“These professionalising tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modem science. Standardisation and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节).( 这些专业化倾向是现代科学爆炸式发展的自然结果。标准化和系统使得管理文件、应用程序和人员的快速流动变得更加容易。但也有严重的缺点。大量无用功都耗费在了突破官僚形式的层层桎梏上)”可推断，在作者看来，随着现代科学的发展，年轻人才的选拔受到了影响。故选A项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, but it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦1915年的杰作《广义相对论的基础》是对广义相对论的第一篇也是最好的介绍，但这篇文章可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表)”可知，第一段是总起，文章围绕着这个问题展开论述，所以这篇文章最好的题目是“Could Einstein’s Work Get Published Today?(爱因斯坦的研究成果今天能发表吗？)”。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why are so many people afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. ____35____ Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child’s hastily made table as “Perfect!” in spite of its uneven legs. Another way is to pin the blame on someone else. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid. The trouble with failure-prevention ways is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. ____36____ A child who is not invited to a birthday party, who does not make the honor roll on the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick comfort, prize or say, “It doesn’t matter” because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointment — and be helped to master it. Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts adults and children alike. ____37____ Step one is to ask“Why did I fail?” Resist the natural impulse (冲动) to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong and how you can improve. If someone else can help, don’t be shy about inquiring. ____38____ You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definite can promote fresh thinking, a change of direction. After 12 years of studying ballet a friend of mine went to an interview for a professional company. She was turned down. “Would further training help?” she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “You will never be a dancer. You haven’t the body for it.” In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock (清点存货，清理，鉴定) bravely asking “What have I left? What else can I do?” My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she’s both competent and useful. ____39____ Often there is a resurgence (复活) of energy — an awareness of new possibilities. A But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. B. We should keep it mind that failure is the mother of success. C. Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. D. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail. E. Failure frees one to take risks because there’s less to lose. F. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything no one can win all the time — and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win. G. So be strong and never lose heart in the face of failure. 【答案】35. D 36. F 37. A 38. C 39. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要探讨了人们害怕失败的原因以及如何正确对待失败。文章指出人们害怕失败是因为缺乏对失败正确认知的引导，父母过度保护孩子使其无法适应现实中的失败，而失败本身虽痛苦但能带来积极作用，我们应学会从失败中学习。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth.( 很简单，因为没有人告诉我们如何失败，所以失败变成了一种会导致成长的经历。)”可知，前文提到很多人害怕失败是因为没人告诉他们如何让失败成为成长的经历，此处应进一步阐述关于失败的本质认知。D选项“We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.(我们忘记了失败是人类生存状态的一部分，并且每个人都有失败的权利。)”符合语境，承接上文，说明人们对失败的忽视。故选D。 【36题详解】 根据上文“The trouble with failure-prevention ways is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.(预防失败的方法的问题在于，它们让孩子无法适应现实世界的生活。)”可知，前文说防止失败的方法让孩子无法适应现实世界，后文举例孩子在某些事情上失败会感觉糟糕，所以此处应是强调年轻人需要明白失败是正常的，要学会接受失败。F选项 “The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time--and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win.(年轻人需要明白，没有人能在所有事情上都做到最好，没有人能一直赢 —— 而且即使你没有赢，也有可能享受一场比赛。)”符合语境，引出下文对孩子失败情况的举例。故选F。 37题详解】 根据上文“Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts adults and children alike.(失败总是令人不快的。它对成人和儿童都有伤害。)”可知，前文指出失败从来都不令人愉快，对大人和孩子都有伤害，后文讲述从失败中学习的第一步，所以此处应是转折，说明失败也有积极的一面。A 选项“But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it.(但一旦你学会利用它，它可以对你的生活做出积极的贡献。)”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。故选A。 【38题详解】 根据下文“You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definite can promote fresh thinking, a change of direction.(你可以从一场糟糕的派对中学到如何举办一场精彩的派对，从一所选得不好的第一所房子中学到如何在第二所房子中寻找。即使是看似必然的失败，也能激发新的思维，改变方向。)”可知，后文举例说明可以从失败的经历中学习到东西，如从糟糕的派对中学会如何举办好派对等，所以此处应是强调失败在学习方面比成功更有价值。C 选项“Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure.(成功，鼓励重复旧的行为，远不如失败是一个好老师。)”符合语境，引出下文对失败能促进学习的举例。故选C。 【39题详解】 根据上文“My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she’s both competent and useful.(我的朋友收起了她的脚趾鞋，转而从事舞蹈治疗，这是一个她既能干又有用的领域。)”可知，前文讲述朋友在芭蕾方面失败后转向舞蹈治疗领域。以及下文“Often there is a resurgence (复活) of energy — an awareness of new possibilities.(通常会有一种能量的复苏——一种对新的可能性的认识。)”可知，后文提到会有精力的复苏和对新可能性的认识，所以此处应是说明失败能让人敢于冒险，因为没有什么可失去的了。E选项“Failure frees one to take risks because there’s less to lose.(失败让人敢于冒险，因为没有什么可失去的了)”符合语境，解释了朋友在失败后能做出改变的原因。故选E。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We often seek fulfilling relationships for happiness, yet forget it lies within us. But have you ever wondered that with so many advocates of self-love, why haven’t we been able to love ourselves? Self-love is the root of all your healthy relationships. The stronger your roots are, the more difficult it will be for winds to knock down the branches. Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. The key elements of self-love are essential. Self-acceptance is foremost, as our imperfections, insecurities, and perfections shape our unique personality. Self-compassion is equally vital. We must forgive ourselves for mistakes, failed goals, and setbacks, treating ourselves with the same empathy we show our dearest. Also, self-care matters. Since relying on others’ care is impractical, only we can provide the best care for ourselves. Self-love and healthy relationships cannot be separated. Actually, self-love is the very core of any healthy relationship. First of all, self-love empowers us to define relationship boundaries. Knowing our worth enables us to tell what we’ll accept, having a clear grasp of our needs, values, and limits. For example, an efficient administrative assistant is often asked by colleagues to handle all the paperwork and scheduling tasks. But with self-love, she knows to balance her own core work and personal development. She offers reasonable assistance, not taking on the entire workload, setting boundaries as she understands her value and the importance of a balanced team. Moreover, self-love is vital in conflict resolution in a relationship. When people truly love themselves, they have a healthier understanding of everything. They have more confidence and self-esteem to be able to voice their opinions. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. Ultimately, self-love is the compass guiding us to personal satisfaction and harmonious connections. Cultivating this love paves the way for balanced, respectful relationships, enriching our lives and those around us. 40. What is the nature of self-love? _______________________________________________________________________________ 41. What are the key elements of self-love according to the passage? _______________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. >When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way. _______________________________________________________________________________ 43. How can self-love benefit you in your daily life?(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. 41. (The key elements of self-love are) self-acceptance, self-compassion and self-care. 42. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way .When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. 43. Self-love boosts self-confidence, helping us face challenges bravely. When I failed an exam, instead of self-blaming, I comforted myself and analyzed mistakes. I made a detailed study plan based on the analysis, With self-love as my driving force, I gradually improved my performance and regained my confidence in learning. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了自爱的定义、因素以及作用。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is.(自爱的本质是真正接受你是谁，你的价值是什么)”可知，自爱的本质是真正接受你是谁，你的价值是什么。故回答为：Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“The key elements of self-love are essential. Self-acceptance is foremost, as our imperfections, insecurities, and perfections shape our unique personality. Self-compassion is equally vital. We must forgive ourselves for mistakes, failed goals, and setbacks, treating ourselves with the same empathy we show our dearest. Also, self-care matters.(自爱的关键要素是必不可少的。自我接纳是最重要的，因为我们的不完美、不安全感和完美塑造了我们独特的个性。自我同情同样重要。我们必须原谅自己的错误、失败的目标和挫折，用同样的同理心对待自己，对待我们最亲爱的人。此外,自我照顾很重要)”可知，自爱的关键要素是自我接纳，自我同情和自我照顾。故回答为：(The key elements of self-love are) self-acceptance, self-compassion and self-care. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved.(当冲突出现时，一个有自爱和自知之明的人会冷静而尊重地处理这种情况，考虑到所有人的福祉)”可知，当冲突出现时，一个有自爱和自知之明的人会冷静而尊重地处理这种情况，考虑到所有人的福祉。故回答为：When conflicts arise ,a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。自爱增强自信，帮助我们勇敢地面对挑战。当我考试不及格时，我不是自责，而是安慰自己，分析错误。我做了详细的以自爱为动力，我逐渐提高了自己的学习能力表现的很好，让我重拾了学习的信心。故可回答Self-love boosts self-confidence, helping us face challenges bravely. When I failed an exam, instead of self-blaming, I comforted myself and analyzed mistakes. I made a detailed study plan based on the analysis. With self-love as my driving force, I gradually improved my performance and regained my confidence in learning. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： (1)活动形式； (2)活动内容。 注意：(1)词数100左右； (2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim， ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions. I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting involved in different activities by themselves. You can showcase garbage classification on site, plant trees and publicize sharing economy, which will all fit into the theme of “Green Beijing”. Hopefully, you will get some inspiration from my suggestions. Wish you success. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Jim策划的“绿色北京”社团活动给出一些建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggestion→tip 提供：offer→provide 开展：carry out→conduct 主题：theme→topic 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my d help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions. 拓展句：Since you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting involved in different activities by themselves. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市第一○一中学2024-2025学年度统考四 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 One Mother to Another On Wednesday evening, our daughter, who was at a boarding school over 200 kilometers away, told us that she had lost her phone when she took part in an activity off campus. We realized that we had little chance of finding it. The next morning, my phone beeped (哔哔响) loudly. A kind voice announced that she had something that belonged to my daughter. I ___1___ that I lived a three-hour drive away, and told her I would ask a friend to fetch the phone. My daughter had written my number on the inside of her phone’s case — good thinking! After contacting the people I know who lived near the school, I was out of ___2___ — no one could go and ___3___ the phone, not surprisingly as it was the working day and everyone was busy. I decided to ask the lady to post the phone to my daughter. But when I sent her a text to ask if this would be OK, she replied, “We will ___4___ it and we’re going to drive down to the boarding school tonight.” To my ___5___, this wonderful couple, who had already spent a busy day at work, was making a round trip on the night, ___6___ for returning a phone to a complete stranger. How touching it was! I gave them directions and they ___7___ the phone into the hands of my daughter at her boarding house. The only word of an explanation was, “I’ve got children of my own, and I know how a mother ___8___.” We had thought that the chance of getting back the phone was ___9___, but we got it back in such a short time. It was a wonderful reminder of the good in the world and how the actions of one person can _____10_____ the world to another. 1. A. suggested B. reported C. explained D. argued 2 A. date B. luck C. work D. control 3. A. pick up B. carry out C. hand in D. give away 4. A. find B. show C. miss D. take 5. A. regret B. surprise C. amusement D. disappointment 6. A. especially B. certainly C. definitely D. probably 7. A. conducted B. arranged C. delivered D. identified 8. A. doubts B. interests C. predicts D. worries 9. A. free B. slim C. hard D. fair 10. A. tell B. face C. mean D. join 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Learner’s dictionaries, all in English, are specially designed to help students. ____11____ confuses students is how they can be easy to use. Well, the definitions are simpler than the words they describe—they use high-frequency words. Students can also get grammatical and usage guidance, opposites, other expressions ____12____ (use) the word and lots of examples. So you can see that the dictionary helps to increase your word power, and improve not only your reading and listening, but also your writing and speaking. There may also be a wide range of ____13____ (picture) to help you understand. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 If you have been fishing, you know how hard it is to catch a really big fish. One reason is that it is difficult to find the exact position of the fish. The other reason is that big fish won’t just jump in the boat once they ____14____ (locate). Years ago, a man named Alf Dean ____15____ (overcome) both difficulties. Dean went fishing off the coast of South Australia. He pulled in a great white shark that weighed 2,664 pounds and measured over sixteen feet in length. That is ____16____ (big) fish ever caught by a single person. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many people like travelling abroad. The extra money ____17____ (bring) in can be of great benefit to these countries. However, tourism has not been good news for the environment. First, transporting millions of tourists to their holiday destinations ____18____ (pollute) the air and the seas. Secondly, some beautiful landscapes are destroyed forever due to the newly-built hotels. And finally, fresh water supplies are running low ____19____ tourists consume much water. To conclude, I think tourism has a lot of negative consequences on nature. If we want our planet to be a ____20____ (health) place, we need to travel less. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Honors Program (美国大学荣誉课程) in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered to high school seniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science. Students can earn both a Bachelor of Science (B. S.) and a Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph. D.) in approximately 6 years. Applicants to the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology must be in their last year of high school. Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientists in Biochemistry& Molecular Biology and also in clinical laboratories with scientists that are associated with the department. They will conduct intensive laboratory work in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer before their first fall semester starts. By spring of their junior year, students will prepare an undergraduate thesis (本科毕业论文) as preparation for their entry into graduate school (研究生院). At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do research with a graduate faculty member. To be considered students must: have a combined SAT I score of 1400 (combined Math and Critical Reading scores) meet the SAT II score requirement of at least 600 in Math, and one science (Biology, Chemistry or Physics) have completed eight semesters of English and mathematics and two semesters each of biology and chemistry by the time they graduate from high school complete all components of your Common Application for undergraduate admission by November 1 of your senior year complete a supplemental application form for the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology include a counselor (辅 导 老 师 ) recommendation, three letters of recommendation from teachers in support of your application to the Honors Program and a personal statement Send all Dual Admission Honors Program application materials to: Dual Admission Honors Programs Office of Admission University of Miami P. O. Box 248025 Coral Gables, FL 33124-4616 Fax number: (513) 529-7592 (513) 529-1950 For more information on the HPBMB, contact: Dr. Thomas K. Harris Director, Undergraduate and Medical Education Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Office: Gautier Building, Room 111 Phone: 305-243-3358 E-Mail: tkharris@miami.edu 21. We can learn from the passage that ______. A. Grade One students in a high school can apply for the program B. it’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’s degree C. graduates are promised to have a chance to work with top biomedical scientists D a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wants to go to graduate school 22. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirement for application? A. A combined SAT I score of 1400. B. A combined SAT Ⅱ score of 600 in Math and one science. C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers. D. A letter of recommendation from the principal. 23. If an applicant wants more information, he can contact Director of the Honors Program except ______. A. by fax B. in person C. by e-mail D. by phone B What animal pulls at your heartstrings—a panda or a toad (蟾蜍)? Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of the world’s least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection. Cooke’s blogs and online videos bring her unusual storytelling style to a serious message: If we only care for the best loved animals, other important parts of the web of life could be ignored. There are so many television shows about lovely animals like koala bears and kittens, she observes. All the attention seems focused on “celebrity” animals. “Those unusual creatures attract me because they tell an amazing evolutionary (进化) story,” Cooke said. “I’m interested in all of nature, not just the shiny bits.” Amphibians—animals like frogs that live both on land and in water—top Cooke’s list. Over a third of amphibians are going extinct; it’s the worst extinction crisis since the dinosaurs were wiped off the planet. “Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well,” she noted. “That motivated me to start my blog, The Amphibian Avenger. When amphibians go extinct, birds and snakes that eat them also disappear. And since they breathe through their skin, they are easily attacked by pollution and climate change. That makes them fantastic instruments for measuring the health of ecosystems.” One of Cooke’s most popular online videos is about sloths—extremely slow-moving animals that live in trees. They’ve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid. In fact, “slothfulness” is the key to the animal’s success, allowing the sloth’s liver (肝脏) to process poisonous substances found in the leaves it eats. Moving slowly also keeps it hidden from enemies. “My video showed the world how interesting they are,” Cooke said. The bats, dung beetles and more get their moment in the sun thanks to Cooke. “I just want people to share my sense of amazement and love for these creatures.” Cooke stated. “Once you understand why they’re ugly or odd, you’ll appreciate them and want to save them as much as I do.” 24 Cooke started The Amphibian Avenger in order to ________. A. make the animal popular with people B. show her unique appreciation of beauty C. introduce the research on a new species D. explain the importance of this kind of animal 25. Cooke’s video about sloths is an example of ________ A. why some animals deserve their reputation B. why she thinks it necessary to save animals C. how people focus on some specific animals D. how she is trying to change people’s minds 26. What is the best title of the passage? A. Animal Defender B Intelligent Animals C. Cooke’s Storytelling Blogs D. The Secret of Extinct Creatures C Vaccines (疫苗) may soon make their first film appearance. Led by expert Maria A. Croyle, researchers have developed a thin sheet that preserves vaccines for long periods without using the cooling system. This means the carefully cooled small bottles now used to ship vaccines could potentially be replaced by lightweight films that can be mailed in an envelope and stored on a shelf. Croyle’s laboratory began developing the technology in 2007. Inspired by amber’s ability to preserve the DNA of insects, the researchers set out to create their own version of the substance by mixing “a lot of sugar and a little bit of salt, much like hard candy,” Croyle explains. The vaccine-containing film is administered by mouth - sweet news for many who dislike needles. The film is tailored to suit each specific vaccine candidate and provide a protective coating. “We’ve learned over time that the key to really stabilizing whatever the film holds is to have it intermixed with all the components,” Croyle says, adding that the process is quick and uses affordable, standard equipment. “We really wanted to come up with something that would be transported to developing countries.” Immunization (免疫) programs depend heavily on keeping vaccines cold (2℃-8℃) as they are transported, sometimes over thousands of kilometers to far-away locations. Delivery can be difficult and costly, and transport delaying can cause the vaccines to be ineffective. But this new product can store live viruses, bacteria and antibodies for several months at 20℃. In a paper published in Science Advances, the scientists show that the live viruses in one vaccine were preserved in the film even after 36 months. They also find that a flu vaccine suspended in their film compares favourably with a traditional flu shot. “The study demonstrates early proof of concept for an exciting platform for vaccine product development,” says Lisa Rohan, who was not involved in the study. She also notes that each vaccine type would need a custom formulation (配方) for future stages of development. Finding partners to mass-produce for clinical trials is the researchers’ most pressing problem, Croyle says. They are also exploring packaging methods to keep their films stable up to 40℃. Size is a major advantage- a letter-sized sheet of the film can carry more than 500 doses (剂) of vaccine, about 1/900 the weight of the same amount of traditional doses. By making it easier and cheaper to ship and preserve vaccines efficiently, Croyle says, the technology could vastly improve immunization rates the world over, particularly in middle-to-low income countries. 27. What can we learn about the film? A. It contains animal’s DNA. B. It will replace vaccines. C. It comes in different flavours. D. It can hold bio-products. 28. According to Paragraph 3, we can learn about the film’s ________. A. key component B. development schedule C. possible advantages D. transportation requirements 29. The author mentions Lisa Rohan’s words to________. A. advise personalizing vaccines B. suggest the product is promising C. prove the study is supported widely D. stress the functions of a new platform 30. What will be the next urgent task for Croyle’s team? A. Advertising the film worldwide. B. Improving the film’s capacity. C. Reducing the shipping cost. D. Seeking ideal producers. D Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, but it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today. Why not? After all, it undoubtedly would pass the tests of correctness and significance. And while it’s believed that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult. As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 1.2 men understood the theory of relativity, which is not true. After reading the paper, a lot of people understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 1.2.” No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an explanation of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphs. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors. A similar process of professionalisation has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major laboratories are more strictly structured. And anything involving work with human objects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork. We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships at established laboratories is the norm. These professionalising tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardisation and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops (繁文缛节). Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read. 31. According to Richard Feynman, which statement about Einstein’s 1915 paper is true? A. It attracted few professionals. B. It turned out to be comprehensible. C. It needed further improvement. D. It was a classic in theoretical physics. 32. What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Unrealistic. B. Imprecise. C. Unattractive. D. Irrelevant. 33. According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops? A. The selection of young talents. B. The evaluation of laboratories. C. The principle of scientific research. D. The application of research findings. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. How to write quality papers? B. Will science be professionalised? C. Could Einstein’s Work Get Published Today? D. How will modern science make advances? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why are so many people afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. ____35____ Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child’s hastily made table as “Perfect!” in spite of its uneven legs. Another way is to pin the blame on someone else. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid. The trouble with failure-prevention ways is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. ____36____ A child who is not invited to a birthday party, who does not make the honor roll on the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick comfort, prize or say, “It doesn’t matter” because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointment — and be helped to master it. Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts adults and children alike. ____37____ Step one is to ask“Why did I fail?” Resist the natural impulse (冲动) to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong and how you can improve. If someone else can help, don’t be shy about inquiring. ____38____ You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definite can promote fresh thinking, a change of direction. After 12 years of studying ballet a friend of mine went to an interview for a professional company. She was turned down. “Would further training help?” she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “You will never be a dancer. You haven’t the body for it.” In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock (清点存货，清理，鉴定) bravely asking “What have I left? What else can I do?” My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she’s both competent and useful. ____39____ Often there is a resurgence (复活) of energy — an awareness of new possibilities. A. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. B. We should keep it mind that failure is the mother of success. C. Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. D. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail. E. Failure frees one to take risks because there’s less to lose. F. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time — and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win. G. So be strong and never lose heart in the face of failure. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We often seek fulfilling relationships for happiness, yet forget it lies within us. But have you ever wondered that with so many advocates of self-love, why haven’t we been able to love ourselves? Self-love is the root of all your healthy relationships. The stronger your roots are, the more difficult it will be for winds to knock down the branches. Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. The key elements of self-love are essential. Self-acceptance is foremost, as our imperfections, insecurities, and perfections shape our unique personality. Self-compassion is equally vital. We must forgive ourselves for mistakes, failed goals, and setbacks, treating ourselves with the same empathy we show our dearest. Also, self-care matters. Since relying on others’ care is impractical, only we can provide the best care for ourselves. Self-love and healthy relationships cannot be separated. Actually self-love is the very core of any healthy relationship. First of all, self-love empowers us to define relationship boundaries. Knowing our worth enables us to tell what we’ll accept, having a clear grasp of our needs, values, and limits. For example, an efficient administrative assistant is often asked by colleagues to handle all the paperwork and scheduling tasks. But with self-love, she knows to balance her own core work and personal development. She offers reasonable assistance, not taking on the entire workload, setting boundaries as she understands her value and the importance of a balanced team. Moreover, self-love is vital in conflict resolution in a relationship. When people truly love themselves, they have a healthier understanding of everything. They have more confidence and self-esteem to be able to voice their opinions. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. Ultimately, self-love is the compass guiding us to personal satisfaction and harmonious connections. Cultivating this love paves the way for balanced, respectful relationships, enriching our lives and those around us. 40. What is the nature of self-love? _______________________________________________________________________________ 41. What are the key elements of self-love according to the passage? _______________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. >When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way. _______________________________________________________________________________ 43. How can self-love benefit you in your daily life?(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： (1)活动形式； (2)活动内容。 注意：(1)词数100左右； (2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim， ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$