15 Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 动词­ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 [教材示例] 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征。 1．JustDance is a website belonging to all dance lovers. 2．Fiona Lin，the lady running the website，had the idea after she watched her daughter dancing two years ago. 3．Taking advantage of the site’s great start，Fiona decided to add more content. [探究发现] 1．黑体词在句中作后置定语。 2．黑体词在句中作宾语补足语。 3．黑体词在句中作状语。 一、动词­ing形式作定语 1．位置：单个的动词­ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词­ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。 2．形式：动词­ing形式作定语(以do为例)有doing、形容词化的doing和being done三种形式。 学生用书第72页 3．具体用法 (1)动词­ing形式作定语 ①表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语，相当于for引导的介词短语。如： a swimming pool 游泳池(即：a pool for swimming) a washing machine 洗衣机(即：a machine for washing) No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。 ②和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词正在进行的或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的主动动作，相当于一个定语从句。如： The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother. ＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother. 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。 [名师点津]　动词­ing表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；动词不定式表示动作尚未发生。如： You should adapt to the changing situation. 你应该适应不断变化的形势。 The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。 I’m looking for a room to live in. 我正在找房子住。 (2)被动形式的动词­ing形式作定语：表示正在进行的被动动作，意为“正在被……”。如： The house being built here belongs to John. 这里正在建的房子是约翰的。 The meeting being held now is so important that no one is absent. 现在正在召开的会议非常重要，任何人都不得缺席。 (3)形容词化的动词­ing形式作定语，描述被修饰词的性质，意为“令人……的”；形容词化的过去分词形式作定语，常表示“ (主语)感到……的”。如： an exciting story　　　　vs.　　 an excited voice 令人兴奋的故事 激动的声音 a puzzling question　　　vs. a puzzled expression 令人困惑的问题 困惑的表情 二、动词­ing形式作状语 动词­ing形式作状语是高考的重要考点。高考除了考查它作状语的各种形式外，还常与省略句式一起考查，即when/while/if/unless/as if/as though/even if/even though/once＋动词­ing形式。 1．动词­ing形式作状语时的形式及其时态、语态含义 就其语法意义来讲，动词­ing形式作状语时，一般情况下，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，一般式 (doing或being done)所表示的动作与主句谓语动词所表示的动作(几乎)同时发生或正在进行。动词­ing完成式 (having done或having been done)所表示的动作先于主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生。如： Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.在街上散步的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。 Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.做完作业，他出去散步。 While (he was) watching TV, Grandpa fell asleep.看电视的时候，爷爷睡着了。 2．动词­ing形式作状语的具体用法 在句法功能上，动词­ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等，有时可带有连词(状语从句的省略)。具体来讲： 学生用书第73页 (1)动词­ing形式作时间状语：通常放在句首，可转换为when, while, after等引导的时间状语从句。如： Hearing the noise, I turned round. ＝When I heard the noise, I turned round. 听到响声我转过身去。 (2)动词­ing形式作原因状语：一般置于句首，相当于as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。如： Being poor，he couldn’t afford a TV set. ＝Because he was poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. 由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。 (3)动词­ing形式作条件状语：通常放在句首，可转换为if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句。如： Working hard, you’ll certainly succeed. ＝If you work hard, you’ll certainly succeed. 只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。 (4)动词­ing形式作结果状语：通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。如： The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。 (5)动词­ing形式作伴随、方式状语：动词­ing表示的动作和主句的谓语动作同时发生，此时它可转换成由连词连接的并列谓语。如： The teacher came into the lab, singing softly (＝and he/she sang softly). 老师进了实验室，轻声哼着歌。 [名师点津] (1)动词­ing形式的否定形式为“not/never＋动词­ing”； (2)动词­ing形式作状语时，为明确状语的类型，有时可在其前加上相应的从属连词(如：when/while/if/unless/as if/as though/even if/even though/once, etc)，构成“从属连词＋动词­ing形式”的结构，此结构可视为状语从句的省略； (3)分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。如： There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公交车了，我们得走回家。 The trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.那些树非常高，其中一些高达90多米。 The weather being fine, we went out for a walk. 由于天气好，我们去散步了。 (4)有些动词­ing形式短语已成为习惯用语，用来修饰整个句子，作状语，如： generally/frankly/strictly speaking 一般/坦白/严格说来； talking/speaking of... 说到……； supposing... /assuming... /providing that... 假如……； judging from... 从……判断； considering... /seeing that... 考虑到……；既然，由于……； taking... into consideration 将……考虑在内；考虑到……； Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。 Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 学生用书第74页 三、动词­ing形式作宾语补足语 1．动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时的形式及其时态、语态含义 形式 时态意义 语态意义 doing 表示正 在进行 构成动词­ing形式的动词与句子宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动 being done 构成动词­ing形式的动词与句子宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表被动 2.动词­ing形式作宾语补足语的具体用法 (1)动词­ing形式及其短语可以用在表示感觉的动词(如see，observe，notice，watch，hear，smell，listen to，look at，feel等)以及其他动词(如catch，have，get，leave，keep，find等)的宾语后面，作宾语补足语。 I saw a small girl standing in front of a goldfish pond.我看到一个小女孩站在金鱼缸前。 [名师点津]　在一些感官、使役动词后既可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接动词­ing形式作宾语补足语，其区别是：动词­ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，不是指全过程；动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的全过程或动作经常发生。 I saw the thief getting on the train. 我看见那个贼正在上火车。 I saw the thief get on the train and disappear. 我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。 (2)用于with复合结构中，作宾语补足语。 I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。 With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。 核心词汇精研 belong vi.应在(某处)；能适应 (教材原句)JustDance is a website belonging to all dance lovers. JustDance是属于所有舞蹈爱好者的网站。 (1)belong to　　　　　　 属于；归……所有 (2)belonging n. 归属 a sense of belonging 归属感 (3)belongings n. 所有物；财产 personal belongings 个人财物 [佳句背诵]　While the two are only days apart in age，they seem to belong to wholly different generations. 虽然这两位年龄上只有几天之差，但他们好像属于完全不同年代的人。 [名师点津]　belong to不用于进行时态也没有被动形式。类似用法的还有take place，occur，happen等。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The students feel that they belong to a particular group. ②Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings (belong)? ③Have you seen a dictionary belonging (belong) to our school library? ◎能力提升——微写作 ④这幢漂亮的建筑是他家的。 The beautiful building belongs to his family． 学生用书第75页 set up创建，建立 (教材原句)Fiona wanted to introduce more people to dance, so she set up JustDance. 菲奥纳想介绍更多人跳舞，所以就创建了JustDance。 set out for sp.　　　 出发去某地 set out to do sth.＝ set about doing sth. 开始做某事 set up 建立；创立 set aside 存储；留出 set down 放下；记下；登记 [佳句背诵]　They took to the streets, setting up roadblocks of burning tyres. 他们走上街头，用燃烧的轮胎设置路障。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①I will help set up the English corner, providing us students a platform to practice our oral English. ②You’d better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③我给她安排了一次采访，详细地讨论了她的项目。 I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length. request vt.请求，要求n.要求，请求；要求的事 (教材原句)For example, she has requested a technical team to develop an app so as to satisfy different users’ needs.例如，她请一个技术团队开发了一个软件以便满足不同使用者的需求。 (1)request sb. to do sth.　　 请求某人做某事 request that... (should) do 要求/请求……做某事 (2)make (a) request for... 请求；要求…… at one’s request＝at the request of sb. 应某人的要求 on/upon request 一经要求 [佳句背诵]　They are likely to respond positively to the president’s request for aid. 他们有可能积极地回应该总统的援助请求。 [名师点津] request后的宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及It is requested that... 从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即 (should＋) do形式。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①All members were requested (request) to be present at the meeting yesterday. ②You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request in the form of a question. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③李老师要求我们每天早晨大声朗读半小时英语。 Mr. Li requests that we (should) spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning. 维度一　单词拼写 1．The buildings as well as the artworks of the Forbidden City are well protected by technical (专业的) staff. 2．At last, we can actually upload (上传) the image. 3．The little girl wants to be a ballet (芭蕾舞) dancer when she grows up. 4．If you request (请求)something, you ask for it politely or formally. 5．Users can download (下载) their material to a desktop PC back in the office. 学生用书第76页 维度二　单句语法填空 1．We downloaded (download) the application and had a quick look. 2．All the more technically (technical) advanced countries put a high value on science. 3．In many cases, the clothes people wear identify them as belonging (belong) to a particular social class. 4．He played a major role in setting (set) up the system. 5．They made a request for further aid. 维度三　完成句子 1．我没想到要核对我的保险单。(occur) It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy. 2．富兰克林几乎可以做他想做的任何事情。(whatever) Franklin was free to do pretty much whatever he pleased． 3．他注意到了每一个细节以便牢记这个场面。(so as to) He noted every detail so as to fix the scene in his mind． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$