11 Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment ◎ ①Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的n.古罗马人；罗马人 ②forum n. (古罗马)公共集会场所；讨论会；(因特网上的)论坛，讨论区；法院 ③bar n．酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏 杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 ④import n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入vt.进口，引进 ⑤export n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出vt.出口，输出 ⑥in all directions四面八方 ⑦above all 首先；尤其是 ⑧cloud­capped adj.高耸入云 的，耸入云霄的 ⑨ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 ⑩awful adj.让人讨厌的，糟糕的；可怕的 dawn n．黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 unspeakable adj.无法形容的；不能以言语表达的 shoot v. (使)喷涌出， (使)喷射出 volcano n．火山 take the form of呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 trunk n．树干 unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 break out突然开始，爆发 beneath prep.在……下面，在下方；配不上 beyond adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 in the distance 在远处 throw out 扔掉；伸出；说出；否决；突出 shower n．阵雨，阵雪；(落下的东西)一大批，一阵 a shower of一阵 far and wide到处，各处 many a 许多(后跟单数可数名词) fearfully adv.害怕地；非常地 pattern n．图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 column n．柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 remains n．剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗骸；古迹，遗迹 文化采风 庞贝城 (Pompeii)是亚平宁半岛西南角坎帕尼亚地区的一座古城，距罗马约240千米，位于意大利南部那不勒斯附近，维苏威火山东南脚下10千米处。庞贝城始建于公元前4世纪，公元79年毁于维苏威火山大爆发。但由于被火山灰掩埋，街道房屋保存比较完整。2015年5月，考古学家和科学家对千年前被掩埋在火山灰下的庞贝城居民化石进行修复。2016年6月，庞贝城被评为世界十大古墓稀世珍宝之一。 ◎ The Last Days of Pompeii Pompeii was a typical Roman① city. In its little shops，its tiny palaces，its forum②，its wine bars③ ，its theatre— in the energy and skill of its people，you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire. Trading ships bringing imports④ to the city or carrying exports⑤ overseas，【1】 along with golden pleasure boats for the rich，were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions⑥.Above all⑦，the cloud­capped⑧ top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy⑨ rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！【2】 学生用书第50页 【1】画线部分bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas为并列的动词­ing形式作定语，修饰ships。 【2】画线部分为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词eruptions，其中what引导宾语从句。 The awful⑩ night rolled slowly away，and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII！The crowd looked upwards，and saw，with unspeakable fear，a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano. It took the form of a huge tree：the trunk，blackness，the branches，fire！This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment：now it was wildly bright，now of a pale and dying red，and now again it burnt with an unbearable light ! The cries of women broke out；the men looked at each other，but were silent. At that moment，they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet；beyond in the distance，they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later，the mountain­cloud seemed to roll towards them，dark and rapid，like a river；at the same time，it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！Over the empty streets—over the forum—far and wide—with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea—fell that awful shower ！【3】 【3】本句是完全倒装句。地点状语置于句首引起倒装，将谓语动词fell提至主语that awful shower之前。 Each turned to fly—each running，pressing，pushing against the other．【4】If，in the darkness，wife was separated from husband，or parent from child，there was no hope of their meeting again. Each hurried blindly and fearfully on. So came the earthquake... and so ended life in Pompeii.【5】 学生用书第51页 【4】本句是独立主格结构。逻辑主语为each，逻辑谓语为动词­ing形式running，pressing，pushing。 【5】本句是完全倒装句。so置于句首引起倒装，把谓语动词came置于主语the earthquake前；谓语动词ended置于主语life之前。 Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday ；【6】not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. In its forum，the half­finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman’s hand. Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii，the remainsof their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short. 【6】as if painted yesterday为状语从句的省略结构。as if引导的从句主语和主句一致时，可以省略主语和助动词，只保留非谓语动词结构，此处是过去分词短语，表示被动意义。 庞贝城的末日 庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市，这里的小商店、小宫殿、广场、酒吧、剧院，彰显着人们的精力和技巧，通过这些，你能看到整个罗马帝国的缩影。将进口货物带入城市或向海外出口货物的商船，与富人的黄金游船一起挤在码头光滑如镜的水面上；渔船飞快地驶向四面八方。这一切的上方是高耸入云的维苏威火山顶。灰色的岩石讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 可怕的黑夜慢慢消散，灰色的黎明笼罩着末日的庞贝城！大群的人抬头望去，带着无可名状的恐惧，看到火山的山顶喷发出一股巨云。它的形状像一棵大树：树干，黑色，树枝还有烈火！大火蔓延，每时每刻变换着颜色：时而极为明亮，时而呈衰弱状的淡红色，时而又散发出难以忍受的亮光！ 女人们嚎啕大哭；男人们面面相觑，但没有作声。那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；从另一边，远处，传来屋顶坍塌的声音。片刻之后，山上的黑云像河流一样，汹涌湍急，迅速向他们滚来；与此同时，它还释放出大量灰烬和大块燃烧的石头！可怕的熔岩雨砸下来了！熔岩落在拥挤的街道里、广场上，到处都是，一些落在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响。 学生用书第52页 每个人都转身飞奔起来——人们奔跑着，挤来挤去，推推搡搡。在黑暗中，如果妻子与丈夫分离，或者父母与孩子分离，就没有希望再见了。每个人都恐惧地盲目奔逃。接着，地震来了……庞贝城里的生命就此终结。 大约过了十七个世纪，人们将庞贝城从其安静的长眠之地挖掘了出来。它的墙壁很新，好像昨天被刷过一样；地板上丰富的图案没有一种颜色发生了变化。广场上半完工的圆柱好像工人刚经过手一样。大火和火山灰将庞贝城的人们吞噬，已经是很久以前的事了，而这座美丽的城市留下的遗迹却一直在提醒我们人类的生命是如此辉煌而短暂。 一、整体理解 1．The text mainly tells us ________． A．the history of the city of Pompeii B．how the city of Pompeii was buried C．the development of the city of Pompeii D．why the city of Pompeii was buried 答案：　B 2．Match the paragraphs with the main ideas. (1)Para. 1________ (2)Para. 2________ (3)Para. 3________ (4)Para. 4________ (5)Para. 5________ A．Reaction and feelings of people. B．Eruption of Mount Vesuvius. C．Descriptions of Pompeii and Mount Vesuvius. D．Signs before the volcanic eruption. E．Rediscovery of the city. 答案：　(1)～(5)：CDBAE 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．In which country was Pompeii located? A．Greece. B．Roman. C．Peru. D．England. 2．What rhetoric (修辞)is used to describe the volcanic eruption? A．Parallelism (排比). B．Personification (拟人). C．Simile (明喻). D．Exaggeration (夸张). 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The City of Pompeii was a typical model of the whole Roman empire with little shops，tiny palaces，forum and theatre. B．During the volcanic eruption，all men and women cried with fear. C．It is almost seven centuries before the city of Pompeii was discovered again. D．The walls of Pompeii city were covered with ash and dirt long after being buried in the earth. 答案：　1～3：BCA 三、难句解构 1．Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 【句式分析】本句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词past eruptions；what引导宾语从句，作warn的直接宾语。 【尝试翻译】火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 学生用书第53页 2．Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii，the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short. 【句式分析】本句为主从复合句。Long after fire and ash came... 是时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句。 【尝试翻译】在大火和火山灰袭击庞贝人很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹得以留存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。 [核心单词] 1．beyond question　　　　 毋庸置疑 2．retire from old age 告老 3．rescue team 救援队 4．locate the fault 定位故障 5．distance learning 远程学习 6．import raw materials 进口原料 [拓展单词] 1．power n．电，电力；能量；力量；能力；政权；权力；控制力→powerful adj.有影响力的；强有力的 2．donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n．捐赠，捐款→donor n．捐赠者 3．erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发，突然发生→eruption n．喷发；(战争、怒气等的)爆发 4．distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.遥远的；疏远的→distantly adv.遥远地；有远亲关系地 5．bear v．经得起；承受，容忍；携带；(车，船)运输，运送；写有，刻有→bearable adj.可忍受的；支持得住的→unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 6．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动vt.使震惊→shocking adj.非常糟糕的，令人气愤的(多修饰事物)→shocked n．震惊的，愤慨的(多修饰人的感受、表情、声音等) [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 take the form of 2．突然发生，爆发 break out 3．在远处 in the distance 4．到处；各处 far and wide 5．首先；最重要的；尤其是 above all 第二组　英译汉 6．go through　　　　　　 浏览，通读；经历；检查 7．emergency services 紧急服务 8．power failure 停电 9．run out of supplies 用光补给 10．leave one’s mark on 对……产生影响 11．in all directions 四面八方 12．throw out 扔掉；伸出；说出；否决；突出 13．a shower of 一阵 14．many a 许多(后跟单数可数名词) [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．be to do 句型 Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come (即将降临)! 2．独立主格结构 Each turned to fly—each running，pressing，pushing against the other (人们奔跑着，挤来挤去，推推搡搡). 学生用书第54页 核心词汇精研 break out突然发生，爆发 (教材原句)The cries of women broke out；the men looked at each other，but were silent. 女人们嚎啕大哭；男人们面面相觑，但没有作声。 break out of　　　 摆脱 break away from 逃脱；背叛，脱离 break in 强行进入；打断，搅扰 break into 强行闯入(某地)；突然开始(笑、唱等) break down 出故障，坏掉；失败；垮掉 break up 解散；粉碎；绝交 break off 断开；停顿，中断；突然终止 break through 作出新的重大发现；突破；克服 [佳句背诵]　A fire broke out in the restaurant last night. Fortunately，no one was hurt. 昨晚这家饭店发生了火灾。幸运的是，没有人受伤。 [名师点津] break out意为“ (战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始，爆发”，是不及物短语动词，不用于被动语态。 [易混辨析] break out/happen/take place 易混词 区别 break out 意为“ (战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始，爆发”。如： The Second World War broke out in September，1939. 第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。 happen 意为“发生，出现”，常带有偶然的意味，此时用物作主语，不用于被动语态；还可译为“碰巧，恰好”，此时常用人作主语。如： The car accident happened yesterday. 车祸是昨天发生的。 She happened to be out when we called.我们打电话时，她恰好外出了。 take place 意为“发生，进行”，常用来指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。如： The film festival will take place in October.电影节将于十月举行。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Talks with business leaders broke down last night. ②Many people say they work too hard and that is why so many of their marriages break up． ◎能力提升——微写作 ③当火灾发生的时候，我正在睡觉，大火迅速蔓延开来。 I was still sleeping when the fire broke out，and then it spread quickly. beyond adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 (教材原句)At that moment，they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet；beyond in the distance，they heard the crash of falling roofs. 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；从另一边，远处传来屋顶坍塌的声音。 学生用书第55页 beyond imagination　　　 超乎想象 beyond recognition 辨认不出 beyond question/doubt/argument 毫无疑问 beyond description 难以描述 beyond/without compare 无与伦比 beyond one’s power 不能胜任 beyond the limit 超过限度 beyond one’s ability 超出某人能力之外 [佳句背诵]　It is beyond argument that a balanced diet and proper exercise can keep you free from disease.毋庸置疑，均衡饮食以及适当锻炼会让你身体健康。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The scenery of nature there is so beautiful；in other words，it’s beyond imagination (imagine). ②As a matter of fact，illness and age changed him beyond recognition. ③There were limits beyond which we could not go，with all our friendship for her. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④并非是我不想帮你，而是超出了我的能力之外。 Not that I don’t want to help you，but that it’s beyond my power to do so． distance n．距离；久远，遥远；差异；疏远 (1)in the distance　　　 在远处 at/from a distance of ... 从……远的地方 (of后跟具体的距离) keep sb. at distance 同某人疏远，对某人冷淡，与某人保持一定距离 keep one’s distance (from ... ) (与……)保持距离；疏远…… (2) distant adj. 遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的 be distant from ... 离……远 (3)distantly adv. 远地；冷淡地；远亲关系地 [佳句背诵]　The Internet allows us to connect with old friends at a distance. 互联网让我们能够与远方的老朋友保持联系。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①To many people，technology means computers，hand­held devices，or vehicles that travel to distant (distance) planets. ② Soon，it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance. ③Polar bears—like all wild animals—should be photographed from/at a safe distance. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④很难搞懂她，因为她总是与每个人都保持一定的距离。 It was very difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance． rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救 (教材原句)　Dogs have been very helpful in rescue efforts on land. 狗在陆地上的救援工作中很有帮助。 (1)come/go to one’s rescue 营救某人，帮助某人 rescue workers 营救人员 rescue sb. from... 从……中营救某人 (2)rescuer n. 营救人员 学生用书第56页 [佳句背诵]　He rescued a child from drowning. 他救了一名溺水儿童。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The firemen rescued a baby from the burning house. ②We came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. ③The woman is comforting the boy rescued (rescue)from the old building. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④救援者们花了90分钟才把那些被困的男子从大火中救出来。 It took rescuers 90 minutes to rescue the trapped men from big fire． sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 (教材原句)Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell，dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. 因为体型小，嗅觉灵敏，狗能比人更快找到幸存者。 (1)sharply adv.　 严厉地，尖锐地；急剧地，突然大幅度地 (2)sharpen v. (使)变锋利(尖锐，清晰)；(使)改善，提高；(使)加剧 [佳句背诵]　Italy has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. 近年来意大利的移民人数急剧增加。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The mechanic (机械师) who wishes to do his work well，must first sharpen (sharp) his tools. ②Prices are rising sharply (sharp)，while incomes are falling far behind. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③如果你的思维足够敏锐，你就能很容易回答这些问题。 If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，you’ll have no trouble answering these questions. locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) (1) be located in/at　 位于 locate specific information 定位细节 locate the fault 找出问题；定位故障 (2) location n. 地点，位置 work location 工作区；工作区子系统 [佳句背诵]　Located where the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 江苏位于一带一路节点，将会给一带一路做出巨大贡献。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Located (locate) in the city centre，the information office can’t be missed. ②He added that the theater’s location (locate)was also a reason. ③Our school has built a new stadium recently，which with well­equipped facilities is located (locate) behind the library. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④这个村庄坐落在东海之滨，有着300多年的历史，2 000多人口。 The village，located on the East Sea，has a history of more than 300 years and a population of more than 2，000. 学生用书第57页 [语境串记] Our new office is located within the centre of the town，and the location is convenient for me. 我们的新办公室位于市中心，位置对我来说非常便利。 重点句型解构 be to do句型 (教材原句) Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ be to do sth.主要用于： (1)按照计划或安排将要做某事； (2)表示命令、义务、职责等，可译作“应该做某事，必须做某事”。长辈要求晚辈或上级要求下级做某事时常用这一句型； (3)表示不可避免将要发生的事或命中注定的事。 [佳句背诵]　He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. 他和另一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院教两年英语。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①This medicine is to be taken (take) three times a day after meals. ②The invention of the Internet is to change (change) the way we communicate with each other. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③如果你想成为一个更快乐的人，对生活抱有积极的态度是必不可少的条件。 Having a positive outlook on life is a must if you are to become a happier person． 维度一　单词拼写 1．Peace marked a new dawn (开端，萌芽) in the country’s history. 2．Our success was far beyond (超出) what we thought possible. 3．The country’s major exports (出口产品) are fruit and vegetables. 4．Mornings in our house always follow a set pattern (模式). 5．The storm split a branch off from the main trunk (树干). 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Weeks before，researchers have unearthed (unearth) documents from the 1600s. 2．Violence erupted (erupt) outside the embassy gates the other day. 3．The players are barred from drinking alcohol the night before a match. 4．He determined to rescue (rescue) his two countrymen. 5．The cost of living has risen sharply (sharp) due to the war between the countries. 维度三　完成句子 1．当局已敦促人们储备燃料以防战争爆发。 The authorities have urged people to stock up on fuel in case wars break out． 2．他们撒开网四处物色新的运动队教练。 They have spread their net far and wide in the search for a new team coach. 3．我们下一堂课将采用辩论的形式。 Our next class will take the form of a debate． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$