9 Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 [教材示例] 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征。 1．I went to the annual earthquake workshop to learn some safety tips. 2．The authorities told the local people to stay inside when the typhoon arrived. 3．They arrived at the airport only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. 4．Before we returned home，the flood damage needed to be repaired. 5．This was the last city to be cleared of people before the volcano erupted. [探究发现] 1．句1中动词不定式作目的状语。 2．句2中动词不定式作宾语补足语。 3．句3中动词不定式作结果状语。 4．句4中动词不定式作宾语。 5．句5中动词不定式作定语。 动词不定式作定语表示未做的事情。动词不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果和原因。 一、动词不定式作定语 1．意义与用法 (1)动词不定式表将来或者尚未发生的动作状态。 The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 明天要召开的会议非常重要。 (2)动词不定式动作和被修饰的名词构成主动关系、被动关系、同位关系等。 I am always the first person to get to the office. 我总是第一个到办公室的人。(主动关系) There are lots of interesting things to see there. 那里有很多有趣的东西可看。(被动关系) Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.鸟的鸣叫有时候是警告其他鸟不要靠近。(同位关系) 2．典型结构 (1)在主动关系中，动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词前面常有only，first，last，best，序数词、形容词最高级等修饰。 He was considered to be the best man to do this job.他被认为是做这项工作最适合的人。 The last one to arrive must pay the bill. 最后到的人必须付账。 (2)在动宾关系中，如果动词不定式动词是不及物动词，则要有相应的介词。 Give me a pen to write with.给我一只钢笔写字用。 You might think with all these dangerous animals Australia is an unsafe place to live in or visit. 澳大利亚有这么多的危险动物，你也许会认为在这里居住或旅游很不安全。 学生用书第44页 二、动词不定式作结果状语 1．意义与用法 动词不定式在句子中作结果状语，往往表示“出乎意料的、非本意的结果”。 He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆忙赶到了车站结果却发现火车已经开走了。 Will you be so kind as to open the window? 劳驾您打开窗户好吗？ 2．典型结构 常用于表示结果状语的词语有：so... as to，enough to，only，too... to等。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 We found the room too small to hold so many people.我们发现这个房间太小容不下那么多人。 核心词汇精研 shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊 (教材原句)As you can imagine，it was a bit of a shock.你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。 (1)be a shock to...　　 使……震惊 (2)shocked adj. 感到震惊的 be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that... 对……感到震惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 [佳句背诵]　We were all shocked at the news of his leaving school. 听到他退学的消息，我们都感到震惊。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①I was shocked (shock)to hear the news that he had been fired. ②The ending of this play is very shocking (shock). ③His situation was a great shock to us all. ④ Shocked (shock)at the news，the man couldn’t say a word. ◎能力提升——一句多译 前两天可把我吓坏了。 ⑤I got a terrible shock the other day. ⑥I was greatly shocked the other day. [语境串记] It is a shock to me that the man should be shocked when he saw the science fiction film which wasn’t shocking at all.这个人看了那部根本平淡无奇的科幻电影时居然如此震惊，这让我惊讶不已。 scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓 (教材原句)The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me，but I was quite frightened during the power failure.大风和大雨并没有把我吓倒，但是停电期间把我吓坏了。 (1) scare... away/off　　　 把……吓跑 scare sb. into/out of doing sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事 (2)scared adj. 害怕的 be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物 be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事 学生用书第45页 be scared to death　　　 吓得要死 be scared of doing sth. 害怕做某事 (3)scaring adj. 令人害怕的 scary adj. 令人害怕的 [佳句背诵]　Rock climbing is a fun thing but I was scared of it from the start. 攀岩运动很有趣，但是开始时我是很害怕的。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Local businessmen were scared (scare) into paying protection money in the past. ②Swimming in a river may be dangerous and I was scared to death (die)from the start. ③The scared (scare)look on her face suggested that there must be something frightening. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④这个故事很恐怖，孩子们听了很害怕。 It was a scary story and children were scared after they heard it. run out of 用完，耗尽 (教材原句)　Were you afraid of running out of supplies？你是不是担心供应品用光了？ run out /give out　 (某物)用完/耗尽(不能用于被动语态) run after 追捕；跟踪；追求 run across 跑着穿过；偶然碰见 run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到困难 [佳句背诵]　The trapped workers are running out of time. 对于被困的工人们来说，时间快用完了。 [名师点津] run out，run out of两者都表示“用完”，前者为不及物动词短语，其主语是物，不能用于被动语态；后者是及物动词短语，主语是人，可以用于被动语态。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①If you run into someone，you must say “sorry”． ②I ran across an old photo in the drawer the other day. ③We ran out of the coal，and we had to burn wood. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我的汽油快用完了，我得趁还没用完找到一个加油站。 I am running out of petrol. I must find a gas station before it runs out． supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备vt.供应，供给，提供 (1) in short supply　　　　 供应不足，短缺 supply and demand 供求 (2) supply sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物 supply sth. to sb. 将某物供应给某人 [佳句背诵]　Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. 受灾地区的食品供应就要用完了。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①As there was little rain，water was in short supply in this mountain village. ②We can supply you with food and drink. 学生用书第46页 ③When they got there，they found the people suffering the storm were in need of food and water supplies (supply). ◎能力提升——微写作 ④这些汽车要供应给全国各地的人们。 The cars will be supplied to people all over the country. [语境串记] When food and drinking water were in short supply，they volunteered to provide necessary supplies to the affected areas. Moved by their actions，we supplied the area with some necessities of life.食品和水供应短缺时，他们自愿给受影响地区提供必要物资。受其影响，我们也给该地区提供了一些生活必需品。 donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血) (教材原句)Yes. Luckily，many people came to help，donating food and clothes to charities. 是的。幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，给慈善机构捐赠食物和衣服。 (1)donate sth. to...　　　　 向……捐赠某物 (2)donation n. 捐赠，捐献 make a donation to... 向……捐赠 (3)donator n. 捐赠者 [佳句背诵]　The books were donated by a local publishing company to the children in need.这些书是由一个当地的出版公司捐赠给贫穷儿童的。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Donations (donation)began flooding in from hundreds of people. ②The old man donated a lot of money to the local school. ③Without donated (donate)blood，most of illnesses would have probably been cureless. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了大量的金钱，这引起了公众的关注。 A great deal/amount of money was donated to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention. curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的 (教材原句)　She was curious to see how much water there was outside. 她很好奇，想看看外面有多少水。 (1)be/become curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 急于做某事，想做某事 It is curious that... ……很奇怪 (2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 [佳句背诵]　In high school，I became curious about the computer and built my first website. 上高中时，我对电脑很好奇，并建立了自己的第一个网站。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Looking up，I saw their eyes fixed on me with curiosity (curious). ②Curiously (curious)enough，a year later exactly the same thing happened again. ③Children tend to be curious about things they see. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。 It’s curious that he didn’t pass the exam. 学生用书第47页 [语境串记] The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity.这个好奇的孩子充满好奇地看着这个盒子，然后忍不住打开了。 维度一　单词拼写 1．The staff (全体职工)in this shop are very helpful. 2．Most of the runners in the London Marathon are raising money for charity (慈善). 3．Women are scared (惊吓)to use the buses at night. 4．A fund (基金) will be set up for the dead men’s families. 5．People were swimming in the ocean despite the hurricane (飓风) warning. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．My progress in reading raised my curiosity (curious)，and I wanted to know everything. 2．Hearing the shocking (shock) news，everyone present was thrown into a panic. 3．You can of course help by giving them a donation (donate)directly. 4．You’re a powerful (power)man—people will listen to you. 5．Fears that the world was about to run out of fuel proved groundless. 维度三　完成句子 1．每周救济资金还未到钱便花光的情况许多家庭都容易出现。 It is easy for families to run out of money before the weekly relief fund arrives. 2．食品在全国各地都供应不足。 Food is in short supply all over the country. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$