5 Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment ◎ ①matter v．要紧，有关系 ②resident n．居民，住户 ③chief n．首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 ④committee n．委员会 ⑤awful adj.让人讨厌的，糟糕的 ⑥entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 ⑦smog n．雾霾，烟雾 ⑧get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 ⑨protest vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩n.抗议，反对 ⑩respond v．回答，回应 irresponsible adj.不负责任的，不可靠的 profit n．利润，利益；好处vi.&vt.获益，得到好处 make profit赚取利润 defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 in defence of为……辩护；为保证…… point out指出 various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程vt.加工，处理 even though即使 draw your attention to将你的注意力吸引到…… economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 on the rise在增加；在上涨 deal with处理，应对，解决 policy n．政策，方针；原则 observe v．遵守 hand in hand 携手，手牵手 branch n. (政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 strategy n．策略，行动计划；策划，部署 community­wide 全社区性的 recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 subway n．地铁；地下人行道 former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 official n．官员，要员adj.公务的；正式的，官方的  poverty n．贫穷，贫困；贫乏 inseparable adj.不可分离的 ◎ News that Matters：pollution in Norgate HOST：Good evening and welcome to News that Matters①.Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith，【1】a local resident②；Vincent Brown，senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer，chief③ of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee④.Welcome. 【1】画线部分是完全倒装句。作为谓语一部分的动词­ing形式或者过去分词短语放于句首时引起倒装，将谓语中的be动词提前至主语前面。 Norgate’s rapid development has had significant environmental costs. Mr Smith，you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time? SMITH：It’s been awful⑤，really. When I first moved here，the air was fresh，the grass green and the water clear. Then heavy industry factories moved in，and things became entirely⑥ different. I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog⑦ in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of⑧.【2】For health and safety reasons alone，heavy industry has to go. 【2】that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a cough，that在从句中作宾语，也可以用which或者省略。 HOST：Mr Smith protested⑨ against heavy industry. Mr Brown，would you like to respond⑩？ BROWN: Well，I’m sorry you feel that way，Mr Smith. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.【3】 In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce．【4】 I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment. We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process ，even though these measures raise our production costs．【5】 I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate．【6】 We’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy grow. 学生用书第22页 【3】eager to do为形容词短语作定语，修饰名词businessmen。 【4】that引导宾语从句；we produce是省略了引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词pollution。 【5】to reduce pollution... 为动词不定式短语作目的状语；even though引导方式状语从句，意为“即使”。 【6】画线部分是省略了引导词that/which的定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，可省略。 HOST: Thank you，Mr Brown. With pollution levels on the rise，the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. Mrs Archer，what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution? ARCHER：Well，our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality. We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development. We’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe ，like strict clean­up requirements .We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategiesare followed in an environmentally friendly way．【7】However，fighting pollution isn’t just a task for factories and the government. It has to be a community­wide effort，and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce，reuse and recycle .For example，you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway ，or using the bike­sharing system. 【7】to ensure... way为动词不定式作目的状语；其中that引导宾语从句，that可省略。 HOST：Thank you，Mrs Archer，and thanks again to all of our guests. A former UN official once said，“Saving our planet，lifting people out of poverty ，advancing economic growth... these are one and the same fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable .It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. It’s our duty to leave a better，cleaner and healthier planet to our children. It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future. 学生用书第23页 《焦点新闻》： 诺盖特市的污染 主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特市的污染。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯，本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。 诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗？ 史密斯：非常糟糕，真的。我刚搬来时，这里空气清新、草绿水清。后来重工业工厂迁来了，情况变得截然不同了。我再也不喜欢户外活动了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色；这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必须迁走。 主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想做出回应吗？ 布朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。我们对环境问题深感担忧，我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。 主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？ 阿彻：是的，我们委员会在维护空气质量和水质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们已经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。然而，与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，应该全社会通力协作，人人都可以通过遵守“减少使用、重复使用、回收利用”这一黄金法则来助力。打个比方，您可以乘坐公交车、地铁，或者使用共享单车来节约能源。 主持人：谢谢您，阿彻女士，再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救我们的地球，让人们摆脱贫困，实现经济增长……这是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。将一个更美好、更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的后人，这是我们的责任。构建人类命运共同体，这是我们的责任。 一、整体理解 1．The text mainly tells us ________． A．Great changes have taken place in Norgate B．Pollution in Norgate calls for serious attention and various measures C．Economy has developed rapidly in Norgate D．There are many ways to deal with pollution in Norgate 答案：　B 学生用书第24页 2．Match the characters with the main ideas. (1)James Smith________ (2)Vincent Brown________ (3)Julie Archer________ (4)Host________ A．Our committee has made environmental policies for businesses to follow; fighting pollution has to be a community­wide effort. B．Factories try to control the pollution they produce; they have also brought economic benefits. C．The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable. D．Heavy industry factories have polluted the city and should go. 答案：　(1)～(4)：DBAC 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Why does Smith think heavy industry in Norgate has to go ? A．He doesn’t enjoy outdoor activities. B．He had a bad cough. C．Pollution causes damage to health and safety. D．Norgate has developed too fast. 2．What’s the attitude of Brown toward pollution? A．Unbearable. B．Acceptable. C．Controllable. D．Unforgivable. 3．According to Archer，which of the following is NOT true? A．Using more of public transportation will help. B．Only if factories and governments work together can this problem be completely solved. C．The committee plays an important role in fighting pollution. D．Everyone has responsibility in fighting against pollution. 答案：　1～3：CCB 三、难句解构 1．The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of. 【句式分析】本句为并列句，前面分句主干为The smog has coloured the sky a smoky grey，其中the sky是宾语，a smoky grey是宾语补足语。后边分句的主干是it’s also given me a cough，其中me和a cough构成双宾语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词cough。 【尝试翻译】空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色；这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。 2．We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs. 【句式分析】本句为主从复合句。including the use of new technologies作状语，起到补充说明的作用；to reduce pollution为动词不定式短语作目的状语；even though引导让步状语从句。 【尝试翻译】 我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 [核心单词] 1．make huge profits　　　　　　 取得巨大的利润 2．in the production process 在生产过程中 3．other branches of government 其他政府部门 4．out of poverty 摆脱贫穷 5．further education 继续教育 6．a local resident 一个当地居民 7．take various measures 采取各种不同的措施 8．recycle garbage waste 回收垃圾 9．a government official 一位政府官员 学生用书第25页 [拓展单词] 1．entire adj.完全的→entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 2．profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处→profitable adj.有利润的，盈利的 3．defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defensive adj.防御的→defend vt.保护；防御 4．economy n．经济→economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.经济的，节俭的 5．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 6．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之而来的→consequently adv.结果 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．摆脱，丢弃，扔掉　　　　　　 get rid of 2．使发生(或存在) give rise to 3．突然记起(或想到) spring to mind 4．想出，想到 come up with 5．(公开)要求；需要 call for 6．为……说话/辩护；防护 in defence of 第二组　英译汉 7．rapid development　　　 高速发展 8．protest against 反对；对……提出抗议 9．tend to 总是，往往 10．point out 指出，指明 11．speak for 要求……得到；代表……讲话 12．be concerned about 对……担忧 13．take measures 采取措施 14．draw attention to 吸引对……的注意力 15．on the rise 加重；上涨 16．observe policy 遵守政策 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．分词置于句首引起的完全倒装句 Joining us in the studio tonight are (今晚来到我们演播室的有) James Smith，a local resident; Vincent Brown，senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer，chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. 2．even though引导的让步状语从句 We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs (尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本). 3．with复合结构 With pollution levels on the rise (鉴于污染程度不断加重)，the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. 核心词汇精研 get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 (教材原句)The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of. 空气中的烟雾把天空染成了灰蒙蒙的烟灰色，还使我无法摆脱咳嗽。 (1) rid... of　　　　　 使……摆脱或除去 rid oneself of debt 还清债务 be/get rid of 摆脱 (2) get across (sth.) 通过(某物) get across (to sb.) 被传达(给某人)；被(某人)理解 get sth. across (to sb.) (使某人)理解某事；(向某人)传达某事 学生用书第26页 get around/about　 各处走动；(消息)传开，传播 get down to 开始认真做某事；着手处理 get off 下车；离开；动身；下班 get over 克服；摆脱某种情绪；从……恢复；痊愈 get through 做完；办完；看完；吃完；通过(考试);接通电话(to sb.) [佳句背诵]　You should get rid of the bad habits.你应该改掉坏习惯。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on drugs. ②With the election out of the way，the government can get down to business. ◎能力提升—— 用get短语的正确形式填空 ③So far there is no effective way to get rid of plastic. ④The teacher tried to explain the problem，but his explanation did not get across to the class. ⑤It took her ages to get over her illness. protest vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩　n．抗议，反对 (教材原句)Mr Smith protested against heavy industry.史密斯先生反对重工业。 (1)protest against sth.　 抗议某事 protest that... 坚持说…… (2) without protest 心甘情愿地；不反对地 under protest 抗议着；极不乐意地 [佳句背诵]　Many people rose to their feet to protest against the decision.　　 许多人站起身来，抗议这项决定。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ① The workers went on strike to protest (protest) against the economic policy of the government. ② There is no point in protesting (protest).It won’t help much. ③ Thousands of people crowded into the street，protesting (protest) against the war. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④萨拉坚持说自己没有向老师撒谎。 Sarah protested that she didn’t lie to her teacher. profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.&vt.获益，得到好处 (教材原句)People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits. 一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。 (1) make/earn a profit　　 盈利 the total profit 利润总额 personal profit 个人利益 (2) profit from 得益于；利用 (3)profitable adj. 盈利的，有利可图的；有益的 [佳句背诵]　Unfortunately，the research was limited to increasing economic profits，rather than protecting the environment.不幸的是，这项研究只局限于增加经济利益，而不是保护环境。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①You can profit from listening to a wise man. 学生用书第27页 ②We can make a profit from what you said. ③Profits (profit) were at the same level as the year before. ◎能力提升——写出下列句中profit的含义 ④I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example. 对……有用/好处 ⑤On the basis of our sales’ forecasts，we may begin to make a profit next year. 利润，收益 ⑥I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. 好处，益处 defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 (教材原句)In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. 不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。 (1)in defence of　　　　 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 come to one’s defence 出来保护某人 in one’s defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 (2) defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩护 defend... against/from... 保卫……免受…… defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 (3)defensive adj. 防御用的；防守的；辩护的 [佳句背诵]　The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country. 士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①They were fighting like lions in defence of their homeland. ②As a famous politician once said，attack is the best method of defence (defend). ③The PLA defends our motherland from/against being attacked. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我们应向那些在中国解放战争中为保卫祖国而牺牲的战士致以敬意。 We should show respect for many soldiers who died in defence of the country in the China’s War of Liberation. [语境串记] He can’t say anything in defence of/to defend his action. However，I must say that he works very hard. We should defend him against being attacked. 他找不到任何词语为他自己辩护，但是我必须为他说句话，他工作十分努力，我们应该保护他不受攻击。 process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程　vt.加工，处理 (教材原句)We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 in the process of (doing) sth.　 在(做)某事的过程中 in the process 同时，在……过程中 in process 在进行中 [佳句背诵]　We’re in the process of selling our old furniture. 我们正在出售自家的旧家具。 学生用书第28页 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①I’m afraid getting things changed will be a slow process. ②All the information was then ready to be processed (process) into film negatives. ③Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④研究表明，左右耳朵处理声音的方式不同。 Studies have shown that the right and left ear process sound differently． 重点句型解构 even though引导让步状语从句 (1)even though (＝even if) 从属连词，意为：“即使”引导让步状语从句。 (2)even though常常可以和even if互换，但even if从句中含有强烈的假定性，even though则用来引出一个真实但出乎意料的情况，类似于介词despite的用法。 [佳句背诵]　She won’t leave the TV set even though supper’s on the table. 即使晚饭已摆在桌上，她也不愿意离开电视机。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Even though the problem was difficult to solve，I didn’t give up. ②Even though/if you don’t agree with her，her advice is still worth listening to. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③海伦总是帮助她母亲，即使上学占了她一天的大部分时间。 Helen always helps her mother even though going to school takes up most of her day． consequence n．结果，后果；重要性 (教材原句)Consequences后果 (1)take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.) 承担/遭受/面临(某事的)后果 as a consequence of ＝in consequence of 由于(＝as a result of) as a consequence ＝in consequence 因此，结果 (＝ as a result) of little/no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的 (2) consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 (3)consequently adv. 所以；因此；结果 [佳句背诵]　I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. 我想知道父母是否应该一直讲真话而不必考虑后果。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①As a consequence，children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas. ② The gifted writer believed that the loss of his works would lead to several serious consequences (consequence). ③ Consequently (consequent)，she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④就我而言，你的意见对她无关紧要。 As far as I’m concerned，your opinion is of little/no consequence to her. 维度一　单词拼写 1．We should be able to sell the house at a profit (利益). 2．Due to the ruling of Spain，Spanish is the official (官方的)language of Peru. 3．The campaign provided a channel for protest (反对) against the war. 学生用书第29页 4．Leagues are commonly made for mutual defence (防御). 5．Collecting data is a painfully slow process (过程). 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Being overweight can also give rise to problems apart from those of physical health. 2．The left part of the brain is the place where language is processed (process). 3．They had children and were consequently (consequence) tied to the school vacations. 4．Many college students profit from taking a year or so off. 维度三　完成句子 1．在我到达这里之前，尽量把你的客人打发走。 Try and get rid of your visitors before I get there. 2．在这个城镇经营电影院无利可图。 There’s no profit in running a cinema in this town. 3．你能提出什么观点来为这个论点辩护？ What points can be raised in defence of this argument ? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$