3 Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 省略 [教材示例] 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征。 1．You can watch it online if you want to. 2．I felt worried when watching the documentary. 3．Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle. [探究发现] 1．句1中包含省略的结构为 if you want to，省略内容为 watch it。 2．句2中包含省略的结构为 when watching，省略内容为 I was。 3．句3中包含省略的结构为and others a change of lifestyle，省略内容为 call for。 为了避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接，在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法现象就称为省略。 一、简单句中的省略 1．简略答语中的省略 (1)—Which book do you want? ——你想要哪一本书？ — (I want) The one on the desk. ——书桌上的那本。 (2)—Do you know how many species are disappearing nowadays on this planet? ——你知道地球上有多少物种将要消失吗？ —No，I don’t (know how many species are disappearing). ——我不知道。 2．感叹句中的省略 What a good time (we had) yesterday! 昨天我们玩得很开心！ 二、并列句中的省略 1．省略共同的主语或宾语。 Mr. Smith picked up a coin on the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman. 史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬币，并把它交给了一位警察。 2．若主语不同而其后的助动词相同，则省略后面的助动词。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽在写作业。 3．若句子中前半句与后半句的主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的谓语成分。 His approach to solving the problem made me happy，but (made) Jim angry. 他解决该问题的方法使我高兴，但使吉姆愤怒。 I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1987. 我出生于 1988年冬天，鲍勃是 1987 年冬天。 三、复合句中的省略 1．省略主句 — Why didn’t you come to class yesterday? ——你昨天为什么没来上课？ — (I didn’t come to class yesterday) Because I was ill. ——因为我生病了。 2．宾语从句中的省略 (1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 I believe (that) beauty comes from within. 我相信美丽来自内心。 学生用书第15页 (2)when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 She wants to learn English well，yet she doesn’t know how (she can learn it well). 她想学好英语，但她不知道怎样才能学好。 3．定语从句中的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which，that可省略(但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 The man (who/whom/that) you want to meet has come.你要见的人来了。 (2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。 Do you know the way (that/in which) work is measured？你知道衡量工作的方式吗？ 4．状语从句中的省略 状语从句的主语和主句主语相同时，可以省略从句的主语和谓语部分或全部内容。 (1)时间状语从句中的省略 When (she was) very young，she began to learn to play the violin. 她很小的时候就开始学习拉小提琴。 (2)条件状语从句中的省略 条件状语从句的省略形式为if necessary，if possible，if true等。另外unless，as long as等词或短语后也可用省略形式。 He will come if (he is)asked. 如果叫他来，他就来。 If (it is) necessary，ring me at two o’clock. 如果有必要，两点给我打电话。 (3)让步状语从句中的省略 He is a good man，though sometimes (he is)rather dull. 他是个好人，尽管有时很无聊。 (4)比较状语从句中的省略 as，than等引导的比较状语从句通常省略谓语。如： I know you better than he (does). 我比他更了解你。 He is as quick in answering as his sister (is). 他回答得和他妹妹一样快。 He answers as quickly as his sister (does). 他回答得和他妹妹一样快。 (5)方式状语从句中的省略 as if/as though后省略主语和助动词。 She talked as if (she was)absent­minded. 她谈话似乎心不在焉。 (6)虚拟语气条件从句中的省略。 如果if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有were，had，should时，可将if省略，并用倒装结构。 Were I you ( ＝ If I were you)，I wouldn’t go with him.如果我是你，我就不和他一起去。 四、动词不定式中的省略 1．当动词不定式在形容词afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready，willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。 You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question). 如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。 2．某些使役动词make，let，have等和感官动词see，watch，notice，observe，hear等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. →She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom. (被动语态) 我们经常听见她在教室里唱英语歌。 3．并列的动词不定式可以省略后面的动词不定式符号to。但若两个动词不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略to。 ①He likes to swim more than (to) skate. 比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。 ②He believes it important to study rather than to play computer games. (比较) 他认为最重要的是学习而不是玩电脑游戏。 学生用书第16页 4．当动词不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，know，manage，pretend，remember，refuse，want，wish，would like等。 I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to (see the film). 我请他看电影，但是他不想去。 5．介词but，except前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的动词不定式不带to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等等看。 6．在be going to，be able to，have to，ought to，used to后面动作或状态和前面相同时，可省略动词不定式符号to后面的内容。 They don’t go shopping as much as they used to (go shopping). 他们不像过去那样经常去购物了。 [名师点津] (1)省略的动词不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留have或be。 (2)类似这样用法的还有动词短语be going to，be about to，be supposed to，have to，used to及形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted等。 ①He didn’t come，but he ought to have (come). 他没来，但他本应该来。 ②—Are you a farmer? ——你是个农民吗？ —No，but I used to be (a farmer). ——不是，但我过去是。 核心词汇精研 come up with 想出，想到 (教材原句)All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. 他们为解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。 come up　　　　　　 走近；上来；被提出，被提及(无被动形式) come about 发生；产生 come across (偶然)遇到或发现；被理解 come out 出来；出版 come to 来到(某地)；加起来总共；恢复知觉 when it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到…… [佳句背诵]　Although against my opinion，the old professor didn’t come up with his own.尽管老教授不同意我的意见，但他也没有提出自己的意见。 [名师点津] come up的主语是物，表示(计划、建议、议题等)被提出；而come up with的主语是人或团体组织，表示(某人)提出。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Unfortunately，on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel. 学生用书第17页 ②So when we come across words we don’t understand，it can help us find out their meanings. ③When it comes to a choice，I prefer to go traveling rather than stay at home in summer holiday. ④Keep your eye on these jokers，you never know what they will come up with． ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤每次我们遇到麻烦，他都会提出实用的解决办法。 Every time we have trouble，he will come up with a practical solution． call for (公开)要求；需要 (教材原句)Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle. 有的要求应用现代技术，有的要求改变生活方式。 call at　　　　 拜访(某个地点) call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召 call for 需求；需要；去接(某人) call in 邀请；请来 call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起 [佳句背诵]　You can listen through the headset if the situation calls for a quiet environment. 如果需要安静的环境，你可以使用耳机听。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①It’s the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration. ②As I grew up in a small town，the visit to the village called up scenes of my childhood. ③The Ministry of Education calls on/upon students to exercise for an hour every day. ④The government must refuse to accept the silly voices calling (call) for tax cuts. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤昨天举办了会议，要求结束暴力。 A meeting was held yesterday to call for an end to violence． application n．应用，运用；申请 (1)a job application　 求职申请 make/submit/put in an application 提交申请 accept/reject sb.’s application 接受/拒绝某人的申请 fill in/out an application (form) 填写申请(表) (2)applicant n. 申请人；应征者 apply v. 申请；涂，敷；施加，实施；应用；适用 [佳句背诵]　This is a new invention that will have a wide range of applications in industry. 这是一项可在工业上广泛应用的新发明。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Most applicants (apply) know that they have very little chance of getting a visa. ②I would appreciate it if my application (apply) could get your agreement. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③我们很遗憾地通知您，您的会员申请未通过。 We regret to inform you that your application for membership has not been successful． organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 (教材原句)It was organized by GreenHope，an organization devoted to protecting forests. 它是由“绿色希望”组织的，一个致力于森林保护的组织。 学生用书第18页 (1)an international organization 国际组织 World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 (2) organize v.　　　　 组织，筹备；设法提供；整理，安排 organized adj. 有条理的 organizer n. 组织者；承办单位 organizational adj. 组织的，安排的；有关组织(或机构)的 [佳句背诵]　Most of the food for the homeless is provided by voluntary organizations. 给无家可归者的大部分食物是由志愿组织提供的。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Most governments and many organizations (organization) will not deal with these problems if they do not have the writer’s signature. ②Our school will make an organized (organize) trip to the local mountains. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③她创办了瓢虫基金会，一家旨在解决“无家可归困境”的组织。 She started the Ladybug Foundation，an organization aiming/aimed at getting rid of homelessness． [语境串记] Mr. Black，a very organized person now busy organizing a conference to be held next week，works as president of a large international organization. 布莱克先生是一个大型国际组织的主席，他是一个很有条理的人，目前忙着组织下周举办的大会。 track vt. & vi.跟踪，追踪n.足迹；踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 (教材原句)... deer are tracked and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport. ……那些追踪、射杀鹿的人喜欢狩猎的刺激。 keep track of　　 跟踪……的动态；与……保持联系 lose track of 不了解……的动态；与……失去联系 on the track 在轨道上 [佳句背诵]　The thief was closely tracked by the police. 那个小偷被警察严密地跟踪着。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ① I tried to get my life back on the track after the accident. ② He followed the tracks (track) of a car to the edge of the lake. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③了解新闻时事可以帮助我们提高写作能力。 Keeping track of current events can help us improve writing ability. 维度一　单词拼写 1．Our brochure (宣传册) is printed on environmentally­friendly paper. 2．She is hoping to win the gold medal (奖牌) in the game. 3．He said drought (干旱) had led to severe crop failure for the second year running. 4．To our excitement，the application (申请)forms have now been simplified. 5．According to law，one must fasten his safety belt (带子) when driving a car. 学生用书第19页 维度二　单句语法填空 1．It was a great achievement that a month later a global (globe) agreement was reached. 2．She plays an important role in our organization (organize). 3．He replied that this was absolutely (absolute) impossible. 4．There isn’t a lot of call for small specialist shops nowadays. 维度三　完成句子 1．他张开嘴似乎要说些什么。(as if省略句) He opened his lips as if to say something． 2．即便受邀，我也不会参加她的聚会。(even if 省略句) I won’t go to attend her party even if invited． 3．我家的小狗坦克现在吃得比过去少多了。(used to) Our little dog Tank now eats a lot less than he used to． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$