UNIT 8 单元综合与提升-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（北师大版2019）

单元综合与提升 ◎ 1．ocean n. 海洋，大海 2．smog n. 雾霾 3．desert n. 沙漠 4．transport n. 交通运输系统，运输方式 5．recycle vi.& vt. 再利用，回收利用 6．root n. 树根 7．shoot n. 芽，苗；嫩枝 　　 vt. 射中；射击 8．bother vi.& vt. 费心，麻烦 9．firm adj. 实的；稳固的 10．poster n. 海报 11．union n. 联合会 12．occur vi. 发生 13．slim adj. 微小的；苗条的；薄的 14．overcome vt. 克服(困难)；控制(感情) 15．former adj. 以前的，从前的 16．current adj. 当前的，现时的 学生用书第89页 17．ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的 18．therefore adv. 因此；由此 19．destination n. 目的地；终点 20．resident n. 居民 21．attitude n. 看法；态度 22．sum vt. 概括，总结 ◎ 1．They were watching a performance when a terrible earthquake occurred the other day. 2．What made me angry was not his deed but his attitude towards most of the customers. 3．Glass is obviously a wiser choice for the plant as it can easily be recycled and does not take hundreds of years to break down like plastic. 4．The future of public transport is not in question. 5．The company claims that their product can make you slim without dieting. 6．If a tree finds water，it will share it with others through the roots． 7．No building can stand without firm foundations，and neither can a marriage. 8．Anyone，whether he is a manager or an ordinary clerk，should be equally respected. 9．She finally overcame the fear of acting in front of audience and gained tremendous confidence. 10．Many patients waiting for new organs will die before getting their chance to receive a heart，lung or kidney.Therefore，medical science has turned to animal organs. ◎ 1．global adj.全球的，全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪 2．industrial adj.工业的→industry n．产业；工业 3．extinction n．灭绝→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的；熄灭的 vt.使熄灭 4．solution n．解决办法→solve vt.解决；解答 5．electricity n．电→electrical adj.有关电的；电气科学的→electrician n．电工；电气技师 6．balance n．平衡→balanced adj.平衡的 7．firm adj.实的；稳固的→firmly adv.坚定地；坚信地 8．foundation n．基础；地基→found vt.创立，建立→founder n．创立者，创办者，创建者 9．involve vt.参与；包含→involved adj.有关的；卷入的→involvement n．参与；牵连 10．profit n．盈利，利润→profitable adj.盈利的，有利可图的 11．organiser n．组织者，安排者→organise vt.组织→organisation n．组织→organised adj.有组织的 12．contented adj.满意的；满足的→content adj.满意的 n．内容 vt.使满意 13．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的，与农业有关的 14．proposal n．建议，提议→propose vt.建议，提议 15．survival n．继续生存，幸存→survive v．幸存 16．determination n．决心；毅力→determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心→determined adj.坚定的 学生用书第90页 17．parking n．(车辆等的)停放→park v．(使)停车 18．disappear vi.消失，不见→disappearance n．消失 19．tracking n．跟踪→track v．追踪；跟踪 n．跟踪；踪迹；痕迹 20．official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→officially adv.正式地，官方地 21．percentage n．百分比，百分率→percent n．百分之…… 22．majority n．大多数→major adj.主要的vi.主修 23．annually adv.每年；一年一度地→annual adj.每年的；一年一度的 24．pollutant n．污染物→pollute vt.污染→pollution n．污染 25．flooding n．水灾，洪水泛滥→flood n．洪水 ◎ 1．Currently，a large number of small companies have to fight for survival (survive). 2．I’m not bothered to get involved (involve) in the quarrel between Tom and Jack. 3．Mr Lee made a proposal (propose) that the activity should be held beside a broad street. 4．We must study hard to lay a foundation (found) for our future. 5．After many experiments，he finally succeeded in finding the solution (solve) to the difficult problem. 6．Many species are in extinction (extinct) because of our destruction of their habitats. 7．The organiser (organise) apologized for being unable to tell us more about the accident. 8．In the ancient time，the important agricultural (agriculture) festival often took place after all the crops have been harvested. 9．It is proved that the Chinese people have the willingness and determination (determine) to make contributions to advancing the Olympic movement. 10．The ideal diet is a balanced (balance) one，without too much or too little of any one thing. 11．These green spaces，forming a mini forest，can reduce air pollution (pollute) and CO2 emissions and enhance air quality. 12．The festival is held annually (annual)，beginning at noon on July 6 and ending at midnight on July 14. 13．The exact reason for the disappearance (disappear) of bees is not sure，but losing bees is very costly to the economy. 14．But we can say that basically a family living in poverty relatively has less than a percentage (percent) of the average family income. 15．The elderly man made unbelievable contributions towards reducing industrial (industry) accidents in the last century. 16．That’s a figure so large that it would double the current global (globe) record of skiers. 17．The old man is so content with his retired life that he always wears a contented (content) smile. 18．The majority (major) of local people benefit from the medical reform which they are in favor of. ◎ 1．in harmony with 与……协调，与……一致 2．fight against 与……抗争 3．interfere with 干涉，妨碍 4．can’t be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事 5．suffer from 遭受，蒙受 6．make a difference 有影响 7．take action 采取行动 8．be committed to 致力于；献身于 9．make a firm foundation 打下坚实的基础 10．work on 致力于……；从事…… 11．make sb’s dream come true (使)某人梦想成真 12．work through 调整(情绪) 13．come up with 想出，想到 14．come up 发生，出现，走近；被提出 15．thanks to 幸亏，由于 16．take part (in) 参加 17．cut back on 削减，缩减 18．to sum up 总之 19．contribute to 导致；有助于 20．take responsibility for 为……负责任 ◎ 1．He hoped that the young man in his department could come up with a special plan. 2．To his disappointment，only a few citizens took part in the ceremony held in the hall. 3．In that situation，the whole family had to cut back on the money spent on their trips. 4．To sum up，no one can help you out unless you try to help yourself out. 5．As far as I’m concerned，you’d better take action before the whole thing gets worse. 6．We need to reconnect with nature and live in harmony with nature. 7．He had to learn to work through his sadness after his failure in the competition. 8．Thanks to all the classmates’ efforts and teachers’ help，we lived the life to the fullest，without regrets left. 9．Who do you trust to take responsibility for our country’s defence? 10．I am convinced of the importance of honesty，which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society. 学生用书第91页 ◎ 1．感叹句 What a beautiful garden! 2．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth... 3．so that引导目的状语从句 People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey，so that someone else could then take it and use it from there. 4．比较级＋and＋比较级 In China，more and more cities have their own “white bike” programmes. 5．as引导非限制性定语从句 As the diagram shows，the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%. ◎ 1．你买的纪念品真漂亮！ What a beautiful souvenir you have bought！ 2．糟糕的天气使工程只完成了一半。 The bad weather left the project half finished． 3．他讲得很清楚，以便大家都能听懂。 He spoke clearly so that everybody could understand him． 4．我们的城市正变得越来越美丽。 Our city is becoming more and more beautiful． 5．众所周知，英式英语和美式英语有所不同。 As we all know，British English is a little different from American English. 语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇) Mike dreamed of being an animal researcher when he 1.was (be) young.He wanted to study the topics 2.involving (involve) why dogs like wagging their tails or the brain structures of chimpanzees.So he was ready to let workers take action to use firm bricks as foundations to build 3.a institute to research animals.However, one day he found the 4.harmful (harm) waste water from construction polluted the roots and shoots of the crops.Mike wasn’t “Just-me-ism”， so he didn’t bother to set up the institute.5.Although/Though he gave up his dream, he spread the 6.significance (significant) of environmental protection all around the world.One day he 7.was invited (invite) to have a picnic in the forest.But when arriving at the destination, he found that there was not a parking lot.Therefore, he had to park his bike by the side of the path.8.Unfortunately (unfortunate), when he finished the picnic, he found that his bike disappeared.9.To prevent (prevent) this from happening again, he came up 10.with a solution to designing a tracking system.Since then, his bike has stayed with him forever. Longji Rice Terraces① Imagine mountains wrapped② in silver water, shining in the spring sun.Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.During autumn, these same mountains are gold, and in winter they are covered in sheets③ of white frost④.These are the colours of the Longji Rice Terraces. 学生用书第92页 These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home.Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years, until its completion⑤ in the early Qing Dynasty.Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top. So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn the entire mountains into terraces? Firstly, there are few large, flat areas of land in the region.Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.Secondly, although the region has plenty of rain, the mountains are steep⑥ and the soil is shallow⑦.The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away. But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour⑧.This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops⑨. Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold 学生用书第93页 much value.This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces.Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together. (选自新教材外研版必修第一册Unit 6) [词海拾贝] ①terrace n. 梯田 ②wrap v. 包，裹 ③sheet n. (冰或水等的)一大片 ④frost n. 霜 ⑤completion n. 完成，结束 ⑥steep adj. 陡的，陡峭的 ⑦shallow adj. 浅的 ⑧vapour n. 蒸气 ⑨crop n. 庄稼，作物 [佳句欣赏] 1．Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice. 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Building the terraces是动词-ing形式作主语；that引导宾语从句，该从句中包含一个由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰the areas。 【翻译】　因此，建造梯田意味着他们能够扩大水稻的种植面积。 2．Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together. 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰visitors；created by...为动词-ed形式短语，作后置定语，修饰this great wonder。 【翻译】　如今，龙脊梯田吸引了成千上万的游客慕名而来，欣赏这由人与自然共同创造的壮丽奇观。 [阅读问答] 1．How does the author develop Paragraph 1? A．By listing the facts. B．By comparing the facts. C．By vividly describing the scene. D．By painting the beautiful colours. 2．What’s the most critical feature of the Longji Rice Terraces? A．It provides more land to grow rice. B．It can prevent soil from being washed away. C．It can make a harmonious relationship between people and nature. D．It keeps the traditional style of ancient terraces. 3．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Modern technology helps people there produce more rice. B．People there still value the ancient growing methods. C．Many visitors go there to learn how to grow rice. D．The young people there like to create great wonders. 4．What’s the right order of the working principle of the Longji Rice Terraces? ①Rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again. ②The water is turned into vapour.　③Along the waterways rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.　④The sun heats the water.　⑤Clouds form. A．③①②⑤④ B．③④②⑤① C．③⑤②①④ D．③②④①⑤ 答案：1－4　CCBB 读后续写之优秀品行 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I worked as a mailman. I loved this job. Each day I delivered things like college acceptances and birthday presents. “These are things that could all make someone’s day，” I thought. On an ordinary afternoon of Thursday, I walked in a block and delivered packages as usual. Children were playing in the yards along the block. I waved to them as I walked by, delivering mail at houses along the way. I turned up the next walkway. The lady who lived there opened the door wide. “Hello，” she said. I knew what she was waiting for. “I’ve got your book club selection，” I said, handing over her package. There were only about 700 people on my route. Over the years I had gotten to know most of them. Mrs. Dorman at the end of my route got a package from the Home Shopping Network almost every day. She was an older lady. And I liked being able to bring a little joy into her life with my delivery. After a long time of walking and delivering in the block, I finally reached the house of Mrs. Dorman. I dug in my bag for Mrs. Dorman’s mails—and the inevitable Home Shopping Network package. She’d be glad to get this. Mrs. Dorman waited for me at the door and we always had a nice talk. But Mrs. Dorman wasn’t at the door today. I heard the TV going inside so I knew she was home. “She was probably watching her shopping shows，” I thought. I fit all the envelopes into her mailbox，and then bent down to put the package by the door. I froze. What was that? Something like a cry. I approached closer to the door. “Mrs. Dorman？” I called. There was no answer. But that same weak cry came again. “Hello？” I tried to open the door, but it was locked. So I pressed my ear against the door. This time I clearly heard words, “Help me. I was injured by accident... ” 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 I pushed against the door violently._________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Luckily the ambulance arrived fast.__________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 学生用书第94页 [读后续写四步曲] 第一步　通读全文，理清脉络 1．读要素，弄懂故事大意 本文大意：主要讲述了“我”是一名邮递员，并且很喜欢这份工作。多尔曼太太总是在门口等“我”，“我们”总是聊得很开心。但多尔曼太太今天没在门口。结果“我”发现多尔曼太太家的门是锁着的，而且得知多尔曼太太意外受伤。 2．读人物，理清人物关系 Mrs. Dorman, I 3．读时态，确定主体时态 一般过去时 4．读结构，了解叙述方式 第1－2段：介绍“我”(一名邮递员)的工作，表达了对工作的热爱，并描述了“我”如何进行包裹的日常派送。 第3－4段：“我”对投递路线和居民非常熟悉，特别是多尔曼太太，因为“我”几乎每天都为她递送HSN的包裹，并和她进行友好的交谈。 第5－6段：“我”到达多尔曼太太家，发现她不寻常地没有在门口等“我”，听到了微弱的呼救声。 续写部分：第一段主要描写“我”推门走进去后发现多尔曼太太受伤的场景及二人的对话；第二段则主要描写在“我”的帮助下，多尔曼太太被送往医院，多尔曼太太回来时对“我”的感谢。 由此可见，材料是按照时空变化来划分的。我们在构思续写时应从这个叙述方式去进行拓展。 5．读语言，把握语言特色 原文中的语言特色： (1)丰富的心理活动描写 “These are things that could all make some-one’s day，” I thought. She’d be glad to get this. I froze. What was that? Something like a cry. “She was probably watching her shopping shows，” I thought. (2)详细的动作描写 I waved to them as I walked by, delivering mail at houses along the way. I fit all the envelopes into her mailbox，and then bent down to put the package by the door. So I pressed my ear against the door. 第二步　依据首句，构思框架 1．读懂两段首句 第一段首句译文：我使劲地推门。 第二段首句译文：幸运的是救护车很快就到了。 第一段框架：“我”用力推开门进入屋内，发现多尔曼太太被倒下的扶手椅压在走廊上，“我”小心翼翼地移开椅子并叫了救护车。 第二段框架：救护车很快到达，并将多尔曼太太送往医院。几天后她康复回家，向“我”解释了事故的原因，并对“我”的及时救助表示感谢，使得这个平凡的周四变得不同寻常。 2．写好两个衔接句 第一段首句后的衔接句：Luckily, I managed to open the door and stepped into the house. 第二段首句后的衔接句：Mrs. Dorman was lifted and carried to the hospital. 3．写好一个升华句 第二段的尾句，即文尾句。能体现故事圆满结局的句子或故事给我们的启示的句子： It was just an ordinary Thursday. It was also extraordinary because I made a difference to people’s life. 第三步　增加细节，展开续写 基于第一段的框架，我们可以补充以下细节： “我”的动作描写(“我”使劲地推门，打开了门并走了进去，发现多尔曼太太躺在地上 )→描述性语言(一把扶手椅倒在她身上，夹住了她的胳膊 )→多尔曼太太的语言描写(说她的胳膊受伤了 )→描述性语言(她似乎呼吸困难——可能是因为压在她身上的沉重的椅子)→“我”的动作描写(“我”小心翼翼地移开了椅子，叫了救护车并安慰多尔曼太太 ) 学生用书第95页 基于第二段的框架，我们可以补充以下细节： 描述性语言(救护车很快就到达了，多尔曼太太入院接受治疗并康复出院 )→“我”的心理描写(“我”非常高兴能够再次看到多尔曼太太在门口迎接我 )→多尔曼太太的语言描写(讲述她是如何受伤的 )→多尔曼太太的动作描写(多尔曼太太感谢“我”及时救了她 )→主题升华(这只是一个普通的星期四，但也是不平凡的，因为“我”改变了人们的生活 ) 第四步　检查优化，整洁誊写 I pushed against the door violently. Luckily, I managed to open the door and stepped into the house. To my surprise, I found Mrs. Dorman lay face down in the hallway, not far from the door. An armchair had fallen on top of her. Her arm was caught in it. “I... think...” she said weakly. She seemed to have trouble breathing—probably because of the heavy chair on top of her. I carefully moved it before calling the ambulance. “My shoulder hurts，” Mrs. Dorman whispered. I comforted her, waiting for the ambulance. Luckily the ambulance arrived fast. Mrs. Dorman was lifted and carried to the hospital. Several days later, Mrs. Dorman was back. I was happy that she could greet me at the door herself again. “I was watching TV and lost my balance getting up，” she explained. “I tried to grab the chair. Instead, it came down on top of me.” At last, she thanked me for rescuing her in time. It was just an ordinary Thursday. It was also extraordinary because I made a difference to people’s life. “林业英雄”马永顺 Ma Yongshun once worked as a lumberjack in Heilongjiang.But since 1960，he had insisted on planting trees every year.By 1999，he had planted more than 50,000 trees.Because of his hard work，he won the United Nations Global 500 Award for Environmental Protection. 马永顺曾在黑龙江当过伐木工。但从1960年开始，他坚持每年植树。到1999年，他已经种植了5万多棵树。因为他的努力，他获得了联合国全球环保500佳的称号。 Ma’s story touches me.The dedication he showed to our country encourages me to study hard.It helps me do well at school.When I face difficulties，I always remember his fearless attitude and spirit. 马永顺的故事触动了我。他对国家的奉献精神鼓励我努力学习。这帮助我在学校取得好成绩。当我面对困难时，我总是记得他无畏的态度和精神。 “环保人士”廖晓义 Liao Xiaoyi is a Chinese environmental activist，film producer，and journalist.She encourages a “green lifestyle” through reduced consumption and decreased use of harmful practices in daily lives.As the founder of China’s largest NGO Global Village of Beijing in 1996，she promoted environmentally sustainable development through community participation. 廖晓义，中国环保活动家、电影制片人和记者。她鼓励通过减少消费和日常生活中有害行为的使用来实现“绿色生活方式”。1996年，作为中国最大的非政府组织“北京地球村”的创始人，她通过社区参与推动环境可持续发展。 She was the environmental adviser on the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee in 2008.She has received many awards including the 2009 Hero of the Environment by Time magazine. 2008年，她是北京奥组委的环境顾问。她获得了许多奖项，包括《时代》杂志评选的2009年环境英雄。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$