热点05 建设航天强国-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（天津专用）

热点05 建设航天强国 嫦娥六号是中国探月工程实施的第六次探测器任务。2024年5月3日，该探测器由长征五号遥八运载火箭在文昌航天发射场成功发射，顺利进入地月转移轨道；6月2日实现人类首次在月球背面南极-艾特肯盆地的精准着陆并启动月壤采集；四天后，上升器携样本完成月面起飞并进入环月轨道；6月6日成功实现月球轨道交会对接及样品转移；最终于6月25日返回器携带月壤样本安全着陆内蒙古，标志着世界首次月背采样返回任务圆满收官。 中国载人航天工程第十九次飞行任务神舟十九号于2024年10月30日成功发射。由指令长蔡旭哲带领，航天员宋令东、王浩泽组成的乘组，搭乘长征二号F遥十九火箭从酒泉卫星发射中心升空。飞船与火箭分离后精准入轨，航天员状态良好，为后续空间站任务奠定基础。此次任务延续了我国载人航天工程"三步走"战略的稳步推进。 我们培养造就了一支特别能吃苦、特别能战斗、特别能攻关、特别能奉献的高素质人才队伍，培育铸就了伟大的载人航天精神。广大航天人展现出了坚定的理想信念、高昂的爱国热情、强烈的责任担当、良好的精神风貌，你们不愧是思想过硬、技术过硬、作风过硬的英雄团队。——习近平 （建议用时：60分钟） 太空探索 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·天津南开·期末）Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases (致命疾病). However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted (传送) to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as GPS, memory foam pillows (记忆棉枕头), and smartphone cameras are changing our lives. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets. In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. 1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the satellites? A．They can collect information of the land and weather changes. B．They can provide useful recommendations for farmers. C．They can fight against world hunger directly. D．They can analyze the data and make suggestions. 3．What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3? A．Space exploration no longer requires high-end products. B．High-end products cannot meet the needs of space exploration. C．Our daily life has benefited from the development of space technology. D．The development of new material is a must for space exploration. 4．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 4? A．Space exploration has changed the way our planet works. B．Space exploration helps to discover and solve Earth’s problems. C．In the future, all humans may have to move to Mars. D．Resource shortage and population growth are already serious problems. 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To provide guidance on how to carry out space exploration. B．To stress the need of promoting technology. C．To state the importance of exploring space. D．To suggest a way of meeting the requirements for space exploration. Passage 2 （2023·天津耀华·一模）The thing about space is that it’s huge—terrifyingly, impossibly huge. It took three days for the Apollo missions to get to the moon. It takes between five months and a year to get to Mars and around five years to get to Jupiter. The nearest star outside the Solar System is Proxima Centauri, which would take the Voyager spacecraft 80, 000 years to get to. We’re not really built for space travel. We don’t live very long, relatively speaking. Our muscles and skeleton need gravity. We need oxygen, warmth, water and food, but space doesn’t have any of these. We’re also not good with high doses (剂量) of radiation. In other words, space exploration is an incredibly dangerous venture. When I was a kid, exploring space was a big deal. The first space mission I remember was Viking II, which landed on Mars. Honestly, I was expecting it to find alien life. Not intelligent life, maybe, but life. Back then I knew with absolute certainty that we were not alone in the universe. It was only a matter of time before we’d pick up radio signals from an alien civilization. I figured that one day in the not-too-distant future, those aliens would land, and we’d finally get to know our intergalactic (星系间的) neighbors. When the Space Shuttle program was first announced, I was convinced that the future was on its way. We were reaching outward. Humans were going to explore the universe, meet aliens, live on other worlds, and have adventures. And it was all going to happen in my lifetime. Of course, none of that has happened. There have been lots of incredible missions including Voyager I and II, New Horizons, and Cassini. None of these missions have involved astronauts, and the future that a lot of us had stamped into our imaginations hasn’t happened. But we need to go on exploring. Exploration, knowledge, wonder, imagination —these are the best of what it means to be human. Let’s boldly go already. The next giant leap doesn’t have to be Mars. It would be incredible to find microbial (微生物的) life somewhere in outer space. On January 28, 1986, I sat in the cafeteria of my high school and watched the Space Shuttle Challenger take off. The teachers at my school had set up TVs so that we could get inspired. Instead, we all watched in horror as the space shuttle blew up. Seven astronauts died. Not one of us thought that we should cancel the Space Shuttle program or cut NASA’s budget. If anything, we wanted more. We still do. 1．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．The difficulties of space travel. B．The main characteristics of space. C．The limitations of the human body. D．The location of Earth in the universe. 2．When the author was a kid, he expected all of the following things on space exploration except . A．evidence of alien life B．adventures in outer space C．knowledge about the origin of life D．communication with alien civilization 3．Why do we need to continue the cause of space exploration according to the author? A．Living on other worlds will bring benefits. B．It involves the best things that make us human. C．Life existing beyond Earth can satisfy our needs. D．We will have great fun having adventures in space. 4．What message does the author intend to convey through the last paragraph? A．No difficulties would stop us from exploring the universe. B．We need to encourage more students to explore the unknown. C．Mankind’s journey to space is a dangerous but rewarding one. D．More efforts should be made to ensure the safety of astronauts. 5．What is the main theme of this passage? A．The challenges of space travel. B．The need to continue space exploration. C．The failed expectations of space exploration. D．The author’s childhood memories of space travel. Passage 3 （2021·天津附属中学·三模）China landed a spacecraft on Mars for the first time last Saturday. This makes China the first country to make a successful landing on Mars on its first mission to Mars. China's Zhurong rover （探测车），named after a traditional Chinese fire god, has touched down on the martian surface, the China National Space Administration confirmed on the morning of Saturday, May 15, The rover is part of the Tian wen-1 mission, which consists of an orbiter, a probe, and a lander. The mission was launched in summer last year, and took seven months to complete its journey to the red planet. It arrived at Mars in February this year, and since then the spacecraft has been performing operations such as capturing images of Mars. Believe it or not, traveling to Mars is actually the easy part of such a mission. The truly hard part is landing on the planet's surface, as landers must contend with factors like the planet's thin atmosphere, its variable dust storms, and a communication delay between Mars and Earth. This delay makes it impossible for people in mission control on Earth to control a craft in real time as it approaches the planet, so the landing must be performed autonomously. To slow its speed as the lander approached the surface, it used both a parachute （降落伞）and a retrorocket (减速火箭）in its own "seven minutes of terror" as it moved through the atmosphere. It then landed in the Utopia Planitia area, a large impact basin, part of which was exploded by NASA's Viking 2 lander in the 1970s. According to China's slate news agency Xinhua, President Xi Jinping said he was sending "warm congratulations and sincere greetings to all members who have participated in the Mars exploration mission.' The rover will now begin its three- month mission to explore the Utopia Planitia area, where it will be searching for surface and subsurface ice. The mission will involve both the rover and the orbiter working in concert to create a map of water ice, with the orbiter focusing on the planet's polar regions. 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Tianwen-1 mission includes four space missions. B．Zhurong was known as a great astronomer in ancient China. C．The spacecraft has carried out a series of experiments in advance. D．China achieved success in landing on Mars creating a new record. 2．What should be carefully considered on landing on Mars? a. Mars's atmosphere. b. Mars's bad weather c. The landing instructions. d. The communication delay. A．abc B．bed C．abd D．abcd 3．What does the author imply in Paragraph 4? A．The landing way is quite different. B．The landing process is full of danger. C．The landing site is unknown to NASA． D．The landing time is calculate precisely. 4．Which of the following missions will be launched in three months? A．The analysis of ice samples. B．The mapping of the Mars's polar regions. C．The exploration of the Utopia Planitia area. D．The collection of surface and subsurface ice. 5．Which column does the passage come from? A．Space B．Fiction C．Medical D．Nature Passage 4 （2022·天津南开·一模）假如你是高中生李津，你的英国朋友Johnson得知中国的航天员在空间站对全国的青少年进行“天宫课堂”授课后，对此很感兴趣，在电子邮件中询问详细的信息和你听课的感受。请根据以下要点写一封回信： 1. “天宫课堂”已经播出到了第三课，受到学生们的欢迎； 2. 观看了很多科学实验在零重力条件下的演示； 3. 加深对于理科学习的兴趣，产生了作为一名中国学生的自豪感。 参考词汇：中国空间站China Space Station；零重力zero-gravity；航天员taikonaut 注意 ： 1. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯； 2. 文中不可出现真实的个人信息； 3. 词数不少于100（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。 Dear Johnson, In your last e-mail, you mentioned your interest in the “Tiangong Classroom.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Jin                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Passage 5 （2022·天津新华·三模）假如你是晨光中学的李津，你的英国笔友Chris得知2022年4月16日在中国空间站工作了6个月的三位航天员已平安返回地球，对在此期间进行的太空授课非常感兴趣，给你发来邮件询问相关情况，请你用英语回复邮件, 内容包括: (1) 告知这是继2013年后中国航天员第二次太空授课; (2) 简要介绍本次太空授课的主要内容 (介绍空间站工作生活环境，科学实验展示，与同学们互动交流); (3) 你的感受。 注意: (1) 词数不少于100; (2) 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; (3) 开头已为你写好, 不计入总词数。 参考词汇: 直播太空授课 livestream a space class Dear Chris, As you know, the Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft successfully returned to the earth on 16th April, carrying three Chinese astronauts who had worked inside the Tiangong space station for six months. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Jin Passage 6 In May 2022, a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The culprit (罪魁祸首) was believed to be a piece of space junk (太空垃圾). While thankfully no astronauts were injured, it has refocused attention on the growing problem of orbital debris(残骸). It’s easy to forget that just seven decades ago the Moon was the only thing orbiting the Earth. On January 1st, 2022, there were 6,542 satellites in orbit. Tellingly, only just over half of them were active. That’s a lot of useless metal rushing around the planet at 28,000 kilometers per hour. Jan Wörner, the former European Space Agency Director General, put it this way: “Imagine how dangerous sailing the high seas would be if all the ships ever lost in history were still moving around on top of the water.” In fact, even the smallest pieces can cause huge amounts of damage. The problem is very bad and getting worse. There are currently about half a million pieces of debris about one centimeter wide or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across. Yet only 27,000 pieces are actively tracked. Space is only going to get more crowded, with the number of satellite launches set to increase by five times in the next decade. In January 2022, 143 satellites were launched into space on a single SpaceX Falcon rocket alone. And 12,000 more are to be put in orbit by Starlink over the next five years. All this significantly raises the chances of collisions (碰撞事故). Better control of new launches would help as right now it’s a bit of a free-for-all. Increased monitoring of existing space junk could also help because active satellites can be moved off a collision course — yet dead satellites are sitting ducks and there’s nothing we can do to prevent a collision. That’s why many are calling for a clean-up job. A space debris removal mission called ClearSpace-1 will be launched in 2025 and attempt to de-orbit the upper stage of a rocket left in space back in 2013. 1．What can we learn about space junk? A．It can be recycled for other uses. B．It has injured astronauts in space. C．It first appeared over seven decades ago. D．It threatens the safety of space activities. 2．What is the main factor that worsens the space junk problem? A．The high speed of orbital debris. B．The complex procedures of debris clean-up. C．The large amount of untracked space debris. D．The insufficient functions of clean-up facilities. 3．How can satellites avoid the possibility of collisions? A．Increase the number of satellite launches. B．Control new launches and clean up space debris. C．Put over 12000 satellites into predetermined orbits. D．Send free satellites and pay attention to avoiding death satellites. 4．What does the underlined phrase “sitting ducks” in the last paragraph mean? A．Things easy to be attacked. B．Things hard to be tracked. C．Things failing to function. D．Things set in a fixed position. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Orbital Debris: What Results in It? B．Satellite Launches: The More the Merrier? C．Space Junk: Is It a Disaster Waiting to Happen? D．Satellite Collisions: Who Should Be Responsible? 航天英雄 Passage 1 European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti is back on Earth after spending five and a half months in orbit on the International Space Station (ISS). The Italian 1 much attention in China after she 2 some classic Chinese poems on social media with a view of the Chinese capital from space. That view 3 Cristoforetti to dive into the Chinese classics as the ISS flew over parts of China. She quoted 4th-century poet Wang Xizhi’s Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion: “Looking up, I see the immensity of the cosmos; bowing my head, I look at the multitude of the world. The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, and indeed, this is true happiness.” The text was 4 by photos of China taken from the space station. Her 5 spacecraft splashed down off the coast of Florida. After a medical check, she was flown to a military base in Germany, where CGTN Europe asked why she 6 that particular poem and if she was aware of the 7 it had gained. “I have a good friend, an Italian who has lived in China for 30 years—a sinologist, very 8 about Chinese literature.” she smiled, “he suggested that to me, and it sounded like a good 9 . So unfortunately, I cannot take credit for choosing it—but for choosing a smart friend.” It is hoped that ESA astronauts will 10 their Chinese counterparts for joint 11 at some point in the future. With Cristoforetti having laid some groundwork for that, ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher was full of 12 for her—and positive about the 13 spirit of space exploration. “She speaks very well in Chinese, and this post has shown that she can do this very well,” he told CGTN. “Space is 14 . There is no way to put a 15 in space—the space station, the satellites, they fly around the Earth, they 16 boundaries, cultures, religions and different divides. I think this is something that we should 17 : Space is above everything. 18 there may be many 19 between nations on Earth, in space, cooperation is 20 .” 1．A．signed up B．picked up C．used up D．packed up 2．A．recited B．expressed C．illustrated D．quoted 3．A．inspired B．insulted C．indicated D．interpreted 4．A．accepted B．acknowledged C．accompanied D．followed 5．A．departure B．return C．recovery D．delivery 6．A．wrote B．required C．chose D．published 7．A．interest B．attention C．effort D．result 8．A．knowledgeable B．shallow C．common D．eager 9．A．possession B．adaptation C．passage D．example 10．A．feed up with B．put up with C．come up with D．team up with 11．A．strengths B．credits C．expectations D．missions 12．A．praise B．criticism C．comment D．substance 13．A．conflicted B．divided C．united D．separated 14．A．vast B．international C．individual D．limitless 15．A．boundary B．extreme C．extent D．principle 16．A．bridge B．cross C．shorten D．minimize 17．A．remember B．remind C．trust D．ignore 18．A．Until B．When C．Upon D．While 19．A．competitors B．subjects C．issues D．opportunities 20．A．related B．weak C．necessary D．typical Passage 2 （22-23高三下·天津红桥·开学考试）Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang’e. It’s a story about a woman who takes an immortality pill and flies to the moon. The story is s0 popular that people can’t hear the word Chang’e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess. For this reason, China’s mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang’e-5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a “frontline soklier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to. Ms Zhou, 24-year-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China’s youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang’e-5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, described as a key role. In Wenchang space launch site, though she is only 1.58 meters tall and looks “mini”, she is called “Big Sister” for her powerful core and energy. Since senior high, she has dreamed! of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her acrospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of “the Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle. Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work. 1．Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang’e at the beginning of the passage? A．To tell a romantic story. B．To spread Chinese culture. C．To introduce the topic. D．To give an example. 2．What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace? A．Her youth and beauty. B．Her pictures on the media. C．Her identity of the Tujia ethnic group. D．Her performance in the moon-landing program. 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．She was the youngest space commander of the Tujia ethnic group. B．She was called “Big Sister” not because of her physical strength but her central status. C．To become a commander, she took five challenging and courageous jobs in two and a half years. D．She worked in severe conditions for 60 days until the Long March 5 rocket was-launched. 4．Why did Ms Zhou reject the media’s invitation to interviews? A．Because she was too shy. B．Because she was not available. C．Because she was devoted to work. D．Because she hated being famous. 5．What can we learn from Ms Zhou’s story? A．Attitude is altitude. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Many hands make light work. D．Diligence makes up for inability. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。 In his senior year of high school, Wei Fangjie happened to see a poster for recruiting (征募) PLA Air Force pilots. “The pilots on the poster looked really cool, and I got to know that a pilot is known as a profession of the brave. So, I decided to give it a try.” said Wei, 26, who now works as a flight instructor at the Air Force Aviation (航空) University. According to Wei, pilot students need to not only study aviation theory but also practice difficult aerobatics (飞行特技), which require strong resistance to gravity force. “To do some of the movements, a pilot has to bear about three times their body weight pressing down on them,” said Wei. They also use special equipment like a spinning ladder to overcome dizziness. Despite all the training, becoming a top PLA Air Force pilot remains a tough job. “During flight, pilots must carefully decide how to land, especially at night, and maintain position during formation flight,” explained Wei. He added that the key to these skills lies in continuous practice. In the world of aviation, a balanced mentality and quick thinking are very important. One of Wei’s most unforgettable experiences was dealing with illusions during a formation flight up above the clouds. All he could see in front of him was the lead aircraft and clouds. “I felt like I was turning all the time, but my instruments showed that my flight was level,” said Wei. “In such situations, trusting instruments is essential to making sound decisions.” But what always remains constant is the great sense of freedom and pride that Wei feels as he flies his aircraft in the sky and looks down at Earth from above. Now, as an experienced flight instructor, Wei hopes to channel his passion for aviation into the “training and development of a new generation of skilled pilots”. 1．Why did Wei Fangjie determine to become a pilot?(no more than 20 words) 2．What physical challenge do pilot students face during aerobatics?(no more than 10 words) 3．In Wei Fangjie’s opinion, what is vital in mastering the skills required to become a top pilot?(no more than 5 words) 4．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 5? (1 word) 5．What do you think of Wei Fangjie? Please explain it in your own words.(no more than 25 words) Passage 4 （23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）假设你是天津一中航天社团的学生李津。12月27日，你校校友、中国科学院院士戚发轫来到一中做了关于神舟飞船的报告，并和航天社团的全体同学举行座谈。请你根据以下要点，给校报的英语版写一篇报道。 1. 报告的时间、地点和主旨内容； 2. 座谈的参加人员和互动情况； 3. 此次活动的意义和同学们的收获。 要求： 1. 词数100个左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：中国科学院院士    Academician of CAS 神舟飞船    Shenzhou spacecraft 航天社团    Aerospace Society By Li Jin ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 航天精神 Passage 1 5月30日神舟十六号飞船与天宫空间站对接，并传回他们的誓言。景海鹏：“我十分渴望再上太空。要跑好空间站属于我的那一棒，要做不负使命、不负时代的奋斗者、攀登者。”朱杨柱：“争取咱们的空间站早出、多出高水平的科技成果，产生更多的效益，让国家放心，让老百姓放心。”桂海潮：“我们是分工不分家，保证操作的稳妥可靠，同时又互为备份，有重大任务的时候能够合力出击，把任务完成好。” 假设你是李津，请代表同学们用英文写一封致敬信，并表达努力学习他们的精神。 内容包括： 1.对航天员表达敬慕之情； 2.学习他们不同的精神； 3.表达努力学习的决心。 注意：(1)词数不少于100词； (2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； (3)开头及结束语已写好，不计入总词数。 Dear astronaut uncles, Knowing that you three have succeeded taking the Shenzhou XVI spacecraft docking with the Tiangong space station on May 30th 2023, we sincerely extend our respects. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours faithfully, Li Jin Passage 2 （23-24高三上·天津河东·期末）From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great effort into space research. And so far, we have achieved many successes. But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not stop trying to progress. The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration. It is not only helpful but also essential. It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time. It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe. It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars. In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is to set up a space station. As the space station costs a lot of money, it is hard for one country alone to establish one. The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone, and it has tried to do so, but not very successful. So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together. Though it is still extremely expensive, it is much cheaper than doing it alone. It is really a job that needs everyone’s effort and will benefit everyone. But even so, the funds needed are still a big problem. As for the USA, it seems that it has too many things to spend its money on. Although it is the richest country in the world, it has much debt every year. It has to make arrangements about its finance, and try to find a balance in all these issues. 1．What is the author’s attitude towards building and developing the international space station? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Negative 2．From Paragraph 2 we learn that ________. A．the necessity of building the international space station is not realized now B．many experiments have been done in the international space station C．the international space station is necessary for people to explore space more D．people have traveled to Mars from the international space station 3．Which of the following is NOT a reason for countries’ cooperation in building the international space station? A．That it requires a lot of money. B．That it needs everyone’ s effort. C．That it will benefit every participating country. D．That it is too far away from the earth. 4．The underlined word “aggregated” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by_________. A．united B．scolded C．allowed D．forbade 5．Which of the following aspects about building the international space station is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Difficulties. B．Cooperation. C．Significance. D．Specific arrangements. Passage 3 For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars. Over the last year, he has also built up work on what will happen if he gets there. Mr. Musk, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times. One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to deal with Mars’s terrible environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there. These initiatives, which are at their early stage, are a shift toward more concrete planning for life on Mars as Mr. Musk’s timeline has hastened (加速). While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self-sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years. Mr. Musk has long tried to defy (违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme — and some might say absurdist — point. No one has ever set foot on the planet. NASA doesn’t expect to land humans on Mars until the 2040s. And if people get there, they will be greeted by icy temperatures, dust storms, and air that is impossible to breathe. Yet Mr. Musk sticks to the idea of creating a civilization on Mars—he once said he plans to die there — that it has pushed nearly every business effort he has made on Earth. His vision for Mars underlies most of the six companies that he leads or owns, each of which could potentially contribute to a space colony, according to the documents and the people with knowledge of the efforts. The Boring Company, a private tunneling venture founded by Mr. Musk, was started in part to ready equipment to dig under Mars’s surface, two of the people said. Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus (共识) might work on Mars. He has also said that he imagines residents on the planet driving a version of the steel-paneled Cybertrucks made by Tesla, his electric vehicle company. 1．What measures are being taken by SpaceX to realize their dream of Mars? A．Designing large spaceships and building hospitals. B．Planning for habitats and designing spacesuits. C．Developing technologies and training medical teams. D．Building space stations and inspiring employees to strive. 2．What is Elon Musk’s current timeline for establishing a self-sustaining civilization on Mars? A．40 to 100 years from 2016. B．Within the next 20 years. C．By the 2050s. D．He has not specified a timeline. 3．How do some people find Mr. Musk’s vision for Mars? A．Practical and achievable. B．Unreasonable and time-consuming. C．Theoretical and promising. D．Over-ambitious and ridiculous. 4．Why did Mr. Musk purchase X social media platform? A．Because he intended to create a company on Mars. B．Because he was interested in promoting social network on Mars. C．Because he wanted to make profits by running it on Mars. D．Because he dreamt of a resident-managed government for Mars. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Elon Musk’s determination and initiatives to put people on Mars. B．Elon Musk’s efforts to overcome the challenges of exploring Mars. C．Elon Musk’s overall vision for the future development of Mars. D．Elon Musk’s companies on Mars and their contributions. Passage 4 “Easy come, easy go,” as the old saying goes. It’s easy to do easy things, but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult. Stanley said he tried to express that view everywhere he went. And he spoke from experience, having spent a career that included the time as a NASA astronaut, US Navy captain, fighter pilot, and engineer. Stanley spoke at the University of North Alabama, sharing stories about his experience of spending a year on the International Space Station (TSS). He said the physical pressure of living in weightlessness for a year was hard to describe and that the fluids (液体) in his head sometimes made him feel like he was standing on his head. It also needed some time to recover when he returned home. “My legs were weak and it would be uncomfortable to sit for a while because my body hadn’t had that pressure so long,” Stanley said. He discussed life aboard the Space Station, including spending time with Russian astronauts. He had managed to get along well with everyone aboard as they lived together, worked together, and had to rely on each other. He thought it was one of the most rewarding things in his life. Though life there was not easy, Stanley never regretted being an astronaut and going to space. He also discussed his growth experience, admitting that he wasn’t always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination. “Never give up or lower your dream. If you work for it, all things are possible. There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don’t even try. And when you succeed after trying hard and persevering, you’ll find it really worthwhile,” Stanley said in the end. 1．What message does the saying “Easy come, easy go” convey? A．One should avoid difficult tasks to prevent failure. B．Everything in life comes and goes without any lasting impact. C．It is important to take on challenges to achieve meaningful rewards. D．Financial wealth should be spent freely because it comes and goes easily. 2．What was the physical impact on Stanley after spending a year in space? A．He found it difficult to breathe due to the altered air pressure. B．He felt it hard to stand and he experienced discomfort sitting down. C．He suffered from severe headaches due to the weightlessness. D．His body fluids moved abnormally, causing him to feel upside down. 3．What could benefit Stanley most when he lived with Russian astronauts? A．He picked up different cultures. B．He developed good relationships with others. C．He found the fun of living in the Space Station. D．He won some awards through teamwork. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Stanley? A．Determined. B．Humourous. C．Gifted. D．Mischievous. 5．What does the author intend to tell us from Stanley’s story? A．Life is not all roses. B．Nurture passes nature. C．Difficult things are demanding but rewarding. D．People should have a vision in order to win in life. 【同源语篇阅读】 【材料来源：China Daily July 9, 2024】 China's Chang'e 6 robotic mission finished successfully on Tuesday afternoon, bringing scientifically precious samples from the moon's far side back to Earth for the first time. Carrying the lunar samples, the Chang'e 6's reentry capsule touched down at 2:07 pm on its preset landing site in Siziwang Banner of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, putting an end to the 53-day voyage involving a host of complex, challenging maneuvers. The reentry and landing processes started at around 1:22 pm when mission controllers at the Beijing Aerospace Control Center uploaded high-accuracy navigation data to the orbiter-reentry capsule combination that was traveling around Earth. The capsule then separated from the orbiter about 5,000 kilometers above the southern Atlantic Ocean and began to descend toward Earth. It entered the atmosphere around 1:41 pm at a speed close to the second cosmic velocity of 11.2 kilometers per second, and then bounced out of atmosphere in a maneuver to reduce its ultrafast speed. After a short while, the capsule re-entered the atmosphere and kept gliding down. When the craft was about 10 km above the ground, it released its parachutes and soon smoothly landed on the ground. Shortly after the touchdown, recovery personnel sent from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center arrived at the landing site in helicopters and off-road vehicles. The capsule will then be transported by plane to Beijing, where it will be opened by experts at the China Academy of Space Technology. The Chang'e 6 mission, representing the world's first attempt at bringing back samples from the far side of the moon to Earth, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on May 3 from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province. The 8.35-ton spacecraft was designed and built by the China Academy of Space Technology, a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, and consisted of four components - an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a reentry capsule. After a host of sophisticated steps, the lander touched down at the South Pole-Aitken Basin, one of the largest known impact craters in the solar system, on the morning of June 2. The landing marked the second time a spacecraft has ever arrived in the lunar far side. The vast region had never been reached by any spacecraft until January 2019, when the Chang'e 4 probe landed in the South Pole-Aitken Basin. The Chang'e 4 surveyed areas surrounding its landing site but did not collect and send back samples. The Chang'e 6 lander worked 49 hours on the lunar far side, using a mechanical arm and a drill operated to collect surface and underground materials. Meanwhile, several scientific apparatus were activated to conduct survey and analysis assignments. After the tasks were completed, the sample-loaded ascender lifted off from the lunar surface and reached lunar orbit to dock with the reentry capsule to transfer the samples. In the final leg of the mission, the orbiter and the reentry capsule flew back to Earth orbit before separating on Tuesday. Before this mission, all of the lunar substances on Earth were collected from the near side of the moon through the United States' six Apollo manned landings, the former Soviet Union's three Luna robotic missions and China's Chang'e 5 unmanned mission. The landscapes and physical characteristics of the far side, which permanently faces away from Earth, are very different from those of the near side, which is visible from Earth, according to scientists. The new samples will probably offer researchers around the globe useful keys for answering questions about the moon, and will likely bring a range of invaluable scientific payoffs, they said. The Chang'e 5 mission, which took place in the winter of 2020, gathered 1,731 grams of samples, the first lunar substances obtained since the Apollo era. It made China the third nation, after the United States and the former Soviet Union, to have collected lunar samples. So far, Chang'e 5 lunar samples have enabled Chinese researchers to make a number of academic strides, including the discovery of the sixth new lunar mineral, named Changesite-(Y). 【译文欣赏】 6月25日下午，探月工程嫦娥六号任务取得圆满成功，实现世界首次月球背面采样返回。 载有月球样本的嫦娥六号于25日下午2点07分，嫦娥六号返回器准确着陆于内蒙古四子王旗预定区域。经过一系列复杂而具有挑战性的演习，这场长达53天的太空探索终获成功！ 13时22分许，北京航天飞行控制中心通过地面测控站向嫦娥六号轨道器和返回器组合体注入高精度导航参数。 此后，轨道器与返回器在距南大西洋海平面高约5000公里处正常解锁分离，轨道器按计划完成轨道规避机动。 13时41分许，嫦娥六号返回器在距地面高度约120公里处，以接近第二宇宙速度（约为11.2千米／秒）高速在大西洋上空第一次进入地球大气层，实施初次气动减速。 短暂飞行后，太空舱重新进入大气层并继续滑行下降。 降落至10公里高度时，返回器打开降落伞，随后准确在预定区域平稳着陆。 着陆后不久，酒泉卫星发射中心的航天搜救队乘坐直升机和越野车抵达预定区域。 回收后的嫦娥六号返回器在完成必要的地面处理工作后，将空运至北京，由中国空间技术研究院开舱。 5月3日，嫦娥六号探测器由长征五号遥八运载火箭在中国文昌航天发射场成功发射，这是世界上首次尝试将月球背面的样本带回地球。 这艘重达8.35吨的探测器由中国航天科技集团公司附属中国空间技术研究院设计和建造，由轨道器、返回器、着陆器、上升器组成。 嫦娥六号探测器开启世界首次月球背面采样返回之旅，预选着陆和采样区为月球背面南极——艾特肯盆地，这是太阳系中已知最大的撞击盆地。 本次着陆标志着飞行探测器第二次抵达月球背面。 直至2019年1月，嫦娥四号探测器降落在南极——艾特肯盆地之前，从未有任何飞行器到达过这片广阔的地区。 嫦娥四号勘测了其着陆区周围，并未收集和载回样本。 嫦娥六号着陆器在月球背面使用约49小时迅速完成了“挖土”“做科研”“升旗”“起飞”等一系列工作。 同时，嫦娥六号载回月球样本也启动了后续分析和研究相关工作。 回收后的嫦娥六号返回器在完成必要的地面处理工作后，完成与轨道器和返回器组合体之间的交会对接及样品转移。 在任务的最后一站，轨返回器于6月25日与轨道器分离并携带月背样品重返地球。 此次任务前，地球上的所有月球样本都是通过美国的六次阿波罗载人任务、前苏联的三次机器人探月任务和中国的嫦娥五从月球近侧收集的。 据科学家称，月球背面远侧的景观和物理特征与从地球上可见的近侧的景观和物理特征截然不同。 这些新样本可能会为全球研究人员提供科学价值，以探索月球的谜题，将带来一系列宝贵的科学回报。 嫦娥五号任务于2020年冬季进行，收集了1731克月壤。这是自阿波罗时代以来获得的第一批月球物质。 使中国成为继美国和前苏联之后第三个收集月球样本的国家。 截至目前，嫦娥五号月球样本已经在学术上取得了进步，我国研究人员发现了第六种新的月球矿物，名为嫦娥石（Changesite-（Y））。 【词汇积累】 site n. 地点；位置；现场 vt. 使 ... 位于 impact n. 影响；冲击力；撞击 vt. 挤入；压紧；撞击；对 ... 发生影响 vi. 冲击；撞击；产生影响 region n. 地区；范围；领域；地带；地域 surrounding adj. 周围的 n. 环境；周围的事物 recovery n. 恢复；痊愈；复原；重获 combination n. 结合；结合到一起的事物或人；数码组合，字码组合 sample vt. 取样；尝试；抽样检查 n. 样品；样本；例子 adj. 试样的，样品的；作为例子的 mission n. 使命；代表团；任务；布道 v. 派遣；向…传教; 把任务交给 visible adj. 看得见的；可见的；显而易见的 n. 物质世界；看得见的事物；直观教具 transfer v. 转移；调任；转乘 n. 迁移；移动；换车；汇兑 data n. 数据；资料 complex adj. 复杂的；合成的；复合的 n. 综合体；复合体；[医]综合症状；[心]情结 conduct n. 行为；举动；品行 v. 引导；指挥；管理 vt. 导电；传热 former adj. 前者的；前任的；以前的 n. 创造者；<英>学校某一年级的学生 academic adj. 学院的；学术的；理论的 n. 大学教师，大学生；学者，学究 atmosphere n. 大气；空气；气氛；气压 precious adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的；矫揉造作的 adv. 极其 n. <口>宝贝，心爱的人 analysis n. 分析；解析 vast adj. 广阔的；巨大的；大量的；巨额的 n. 浩瀚；广阔无垠的空间 capsule n. 胶囊；太空舱；荚膜；概要 v. 概括；装入胶囊 adj. 精简的；微型的 mineral n. 矿物(石）；矿物质 orbit n. 势力范围；眼眶；轨迹 vt. 绕轨道而行；进入轨道 vi. 盘旋 era n. 纪元；时代；年代 probe n. 调查；查究；探针；探测器 v. 用探针测；探测；详细调查 challenging adj. 挑战性的；有吸引力的 smoothly adv. 平滑地；流畅地 scientifically adv. 科学地；系统地 landing n. 着陆；登陆；登陆处；楼梯平台 【词汇拓展】 descend v. 下降；降临 v. 传下来；遗传 v. 突然袭击；突然拜访 robotic adj. 机器人的；像机器人的 mechanical adj. 机械的；力学的；呆板的 permanently adv. 永久地，长期不变地 navigation n. 导航；航行；航海 invaluable adj. 无价的；非常珍贵的 accuracy n. 准确(性)；精确度 drill n. 钻孔机；钻子；反复操练；播种机 v. 练习；钻孔；(军事)训练 voyage n. 航行；旅程 v. 航行；旅行 autonomous adj. 自治的 carrier n. 航空母舰；运输工具；行李架；带菌者；运送者；客运公司；电信公司 personnel n. 职员；人事部门 sophisticated adj. 老练的；精密的；复杂的；久经世故的 dock n. 码头；船坞；船埠 v. 进(港、码头) apparatus n. 器官；装置；机构；组织；仪器 velocity n. 速度；迅速；速率 maneuver vt. 巧妙地操纵；使演习；调遣 vi. 演习；调遣；用计策 n. 演习；策略；调遣 subsidiary n. 子公司；附属机构 adj. 辅助的；补贴的；附属的 preset v. 预先装置；事先调整 cosmic adj. 宇宙的；广大无边的；无限的 Soviet Union 苏联 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点05 建设航天强国 嫦娥六号是中国探月工程实施的第六次探测器任务。2024年5月3日，该探测器由长征五号遥八运载火箭在文昌航天发射场成功发射，顺利进入地月转移轨道；6月2日实现人类首次在月球背面南极-艾特肯盆地的精准着陆并启动月壤采集；四天后，上升器携样本完成月面起飞并进入环月轨道；6月6日成功实现月球轨道交会对接及样品转移；最终于6月25日返回器携带月壤样本安全着陆内蒙古，标志着世界首次月背采样返回任务圆满收官。 中国载人航天工程第十九次飞行任务神舟十九号于2024年10月30日成功发射。由指令长蔡旭哲带领，航天员宋令东、王浩泽组成的乘组，搭乘长征二号F遥十九火箭从酒泉卫星发射中心升空。飞船与火箭分离后精准入轨，航天员状态良好，为后续空间站任务奠定基础。此次任务延续了我国载人航天工程"三步走"战略的稳步推进。 我们培养造就了一支特别能吃苦、特别能战斗、特别能攻关、特别能奉献的高素质人才队伍，培育铸就了伟大的载人航天精神。广大航天人展现出了坚定的理想信念、高昂的爱国热情、强烈的责任担当、良好的精神风貌，你们不愧是思想过硬、技术过硬、作风过硬的英雄团队。——习近平 （建议用时：60分钟） 太空探索 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·天津南开·期末）Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases (致命疾病). However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted (传送) to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as GPS, memory foam pillows (记忆棉枕头), and smartphone cameras are changing our lives. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets. In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. 1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the satellites? A．They can collect information of the land and weather changes. B．They can provide useful recommendations for farmers. C．They can fight against world hunger directly. D．They can analyze the data and make suggestions. 3．What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3? A．Space exploration no longer requires high-end products. B．High-end products cannot meet the needs of space exploration. C．Our daily life has benefited from the development of space technology. D．The development of new material is a must for space exploration. 4．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 4? A．Space exploration has changed the way our planet works. B．Space exploration helps to discover and solve Earth’s problems. C．In the future, all humans may have to move to Mars. D．Resource shortage and population growth are already serious problems. 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To provide guidance on how to carry out space exploration. B．To stress the need of promoting technology. C．To state the importance of exploring space. D．To suggest a way of meeting the requirements for space exploration. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章认为太空探索给人类带来了众多益处，应当继续开展太空探索。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases (致命疾病). However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us. (全球各国都在各种太空任务上花费了数十亿美元和大量时间，无论是去火星还是去其他更远的星球。有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱探索太空。相反，我们应该养活世界上的穷人，并立即找到解决其他问题的办法，比如污染和致命疾病。然而，其他人认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们的帮助)”可知，本段先引入太空探索的话题，然后介绍了两种对立的看法，再结合下文陈述的太空探索的好处可推知，作者的意图是展现争论，提出论点。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. (许多卫星记录陆地和天气模式的数据)”可知，卫星可以收集陆地和天气变化的信息。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. (其次，太空探索已经促进了技术进步，使我们所有人受益。得益于最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而创造的先进技术，现在世界各地的高端产品都达到了更高的标准)”和“Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as GPS, memory foam pillows (记忆棉枕头), and smartphone cameras are changing our lives. (今天，空间技术被广泛应用于各种行业，GPS、记忆棉枕头和智能手机相机等日常产品正在改变我们的生活)”可知，本段围绕太空探索对技术进步的促进展开，说明太空探索带来的先进技术促使高端产品标准的提升，各种相关的日常产品在改变我们的生活。由此推知，作者想表达我们的日常生活受益于空间技术的发展。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. (最后，将宇航员送入太空有助于人们思考世界上的问题，甚至找到解决问题的方法。看到地球像黑海中的一个岛屿的照片，人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。为了养活如此迅速增长的人口，科学家们正在努力寻找其他行星，有朝一日可能成为我们的新家)”可知，太空探索有助于人们思考人类面临的资源有限的问题，激励科学家寻找适宜人类居住的行星，解决该问题。因此，作者想表达太空探索有助于发现和解决地球上的问题。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. (最后，探索太空为世界提供了许多不同的好处。因此，它应该继续下去，以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决方案)”可知，作者认为太空探索具有积极意义，给人类带来了众多益处，并从三个方面论述了这些益处，主张应继续开展太空探索。由此可知，作者的写作目的是说明探索太空的重要性。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2023·天津耀华·一模）The thing about space is that it’s huge—terrifyingly, impossibly huge. It took three days for the Apollo missions to get to the moon. It takes between five months and a year to get to Mars and around five years to get to Jupiter. The nearest star outside the Solar System is Proxima Centauri, which would take the Voyager spacecraft 80, 000 years to get to. We’re not really built for space travel. We don’t live very long, relatively speaking. Our muscles and skeleton need gravity. We need oxygen, warmth, water and food, but space doesn’t have any of these. We’re also not good with high doses (剂量) of radiation. In other words, space exploration is an incredibly dangerous venture. When I was a kid, exploring space was a big deal. The first space mission I remember was Viking II, which landed on Mars. Honestly, I was expecting it to find alien life. Not intelligent life, maybe, but life. Back then I knew with absolute certainty that we were not alone in the universe. It was only a matter of time before we’d pick up radio signals from an alien civilization. I figured that one day in the not-too-distant future, those aliens would land, and we’d finally get to know our intergalactic (星系间的) neighbors. When the Space Shuttle program was first announced, I was convinced that the future was on its way. We were reaching outward. Humans were going to explore the universe, meet aliens, live on other worlds, and have adventures. And it was all going to happen in my lifetime. Of course, none of that has happened. There have been lots of incredible missions including Voyager I and II, New Horizons, and Cassini. None of these missions have involved astronauts, and the future that a lot of us had stamped into our imaginations hasn’t happened. But we need to go on exploring. Exploration, knowledge, wonder, imagination —these are the best of what it means to be human. Let’s boldly go already. The next giant leap doesn’t have to be Mars. It would be incredible to find microbial (微生物的) life somewhere in outer space. On January 28, 1986, I sat in the cafeteria of my high school and watched the Space Shuttle Challenger take off. The teachers at my school had set up TVs so that we could get inspired. Instead, we all watched in horror as the space shuttle blew up. Seven astronauts died. Not one of us thought that we should cancel the Space Shuttle program or cut NASA’s budget. If anything, we wanted more. We still do. 1．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．The difficulties of space travel. B．The main characteristics of space. C．The limitations of the human body. D．The location of Earth in the universe. 2．When the author was a kid, he expected all of the following things on space exploration except . A．evidence of alien life B．adventures in outer space C．knowledge about the origin of life D．communication with alien civilization 3．Why do we need to continue the cause of space exploration according to the author? A．Living on other worlds will bring benefits. B．It involves the best things that make us human. C．Life existing beyond Earth can satisfy our needs. D．We will have great fun having adventures in space. 4．What message does the author intend to convey through the last paragraph? A．No difficulties would stop us from exploring the universe. B．We need to encourage more students to explore the unknown. C．Mankind’s journey to space is a dangerous but rewarding one. D．More efforts should be made to ensure the safety of astronauts. 5．What is the main theme of this passage? A．The challenges of space travel. B．The need to continue space exploration. C．The failed expectations of space exploration. D．The author’s childhood memories of space travel. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲的是虽然太空探索很困难，但是我们仍然要继续下去，因为这是作为人类最好的意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The thing about space is that it’s huge—terrifyingly, impossibly huge. It took three days for the Apollo missions to get to the moon. It takes between five months and a year to get to Mars and around five years to get to Jupiter. The nearest star outside the Solar System is Proxima Centauri, which would take the Voyager spacecraft 80, 000 years to get to.(关于太空的事情是它是巨大的——可怕的，不可能的巨大。阿波罗计划花了三天时间才到达月球。到达火星需要5个月到1年的时间，到达木星需要5年左右的时间。离太阳系最近的恒星是半人马座比邻星，旅行者号宇宙飞船要花8万年才能到达。)”和第二段的“In other words, space exploration is an incredibly dangerous venture.(换句话说，太空探索是一项极其危险的冒险。)”可知，从前两段我们可以知道太空旅行的困难，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“When I was a kid, exploring space was a big deal. The first space mission I remember was Viking II, which landed on Mars. Honestly, I was expecting it to find alien life. Not intelligent life, maybe, but life. Back then I knew with absolute certainty that we were not alone in the universe. It was only a matter of time before we’d pick up radio signals from an alien civilization. I figured that one day in the not-too-distant future, those aliens would land, and we’d finally get to know our intergalactic (星系间的) neighbors.(当我还是个孩子的时候，探索太空是一件大事。我记得的第一个太空任务是登陆火星的海盗二号。说实话，我还以为它能找到外星生命呢。也许不是智慧生命，但是生命。那时，我非常肯定地知道，我们在宇宙中并不孤单。我们接收到外星文明的无线电信号只是时间问题。我想在不太遥远的将来，有一天，那些外星人会着陆，我们最终会了解我们的银河系邻居。)”可知，当作者还是个孩子的时候，他对太空探索的期望包括外星生命的证据，外太空探险以及外星文明的交流，不包括C选项“knowledge about the origin of life(关于生命起源的知识)”，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But we need to go on exploring. Exploration, knowledge, wonder, imagination —these are the best of what it means to be human.(但我们需要继续探索。探索、知识、惊奇、想象——这些是作为人类最好的意义。)”可知，我们要继续太空探索事业，是因为它包含了使我们成为人类的最好的东西。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Instead, we all watched in horror as the space shuttle blew up.   Seven astronauts died.   Not one of us thought that we should cancel the Space Shuttle program or cut NASA’s budget.   If anything, we wanted more.   We still do.(相反，我们都惊恐地看着航天飞机爆炸。七名宇航员死亡。我们中没有一个人认为我们应该取消航天飞机计划或削减美国宇航局的预算。如果有的话，我们想要更多。我们现在依然如此。)”可知，作者想通过最后一段传达的信息是任何困难都不能阻止我们探索宇宙。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“But we need to go on exploring. Exploration, knowledge, wonder, imagination —these are the best of what it means to be human. Let’s boldly go already. The next giant leap doesn’t have to be Mars. It would be incredible to find microbial (微生物的) life somewhere in outer space.(但我们需要继续探索。探索、知识、惊奇、想象——这些是作为人类最好的意义。让我们大胆地走吧。下一个巨大的飞跃不一定是火星。在外太空找到微生物是不可思议的。)”和最后一段的“Instead, we all watched in horror as the space shuttle blew up. Seven astronauts died. Not one of us thought that we should cancel the Space Shuttle program or cut NASA’s budget. If anything, we wanted more. We still do.(相反，我们都惊恐地看着航天飞机爆炸。七名宇航员死亡。我们中没有一个人认为我们应该取消航天飞机计划或削减美国宇航局的预算。如果有的话，我们想要更多。我们现在依然如此。)”可知，本文主要讲的是虽然太空探索很困难，但是我们仍然要继续下去，因为这是作为人类最好的意义，因此主题是继续进行太空探索的必要性。故选B。 Passage 3 （2021·天津附属中学·三模）China landed a spacecraft on Mars for the first time last Saturday. This makes China the first country to make a successful landing on Mars on its first mission to Mars. China's Zhurong rover （探测车），named after a traditional Chinese fire god, has touched down on the martian surface, the China National Space Administration confirmed on the morning of Saturday, May 15, The rover is part of the Tian wen-1 mission, which consists of an orbiter, a probe, and a lander. The mission was launched in summer last year, and took seven months to complete its journey to the red planet. It arrived at Mars in February this year, and since then the spacecraft has been performing operations such as capturing images of Mars. Believe it or not, traveling to Mars is actually the easy part of such a mission. The truly hard part is landing on the planet's surface, as landers must contend with factors like the planet's thin atmosphere, its variable dust storms, and a communication delay between Mars and Earth. This delay makes it impossible for people in mission control on Earth to control a craft in real time as it approaches the planet, so the landing must be performed autonomously. To slow its speed as the lander approached the surface, it used both a parachute （降落伞）and a retrorocket (减速火箭）in its own "seven minutes of terror" as it moved through the atmosphere. It then landed in the Utopia Planitia area, a large impact basin, part of which was exploded by NASA's Viking 2 lander in the 1970s. According to China's slate news agency Xinhua, President Xi Jinping said he was sending "warm congratulations and sincere greetings to all members who have participated in the Mars exploration mission.' The rover will now begin its three- month mission to explore the Utopia Planitia area, where it will be searching for surface and subsurface ice. The mission will involve both the rover and the orbiter working in concert to create a map of water ice, with the orbiter focusing on the planet's polar regions. 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Tianwen-1 mission includes four space missions. B．Zhurong was known as a great astronomer in ancient China. C．The spacecraft has carried out a series of experiments in advance. D．China achieved success in landing on Mars creating a new record. 2．What should be carefully considered on landing on Mars? a. Mars's atmosphere. b. Mars's bad weather c. The landing instructions. d. The communication delay. A．abc B．bed C．abd D．abcd 3．What does the author imply in Paragraph 4? A．The landing way is quite different. B．The landing process is full of danger. C．The landing site is unknown to NASA． D．The landing time is calculate precisely. 4．Which of the following missions will be launched in three months? A．The analysis of ice samples. B．The mapping of the Mars's polar regions. C．The exploration of the Utopia Planitia area. D．The collection of surface and subsurface ice. 5．Which column does the passage come from? A．Space B．Fiction C．Medical D．Nature 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了上周六，中国首次在火星上着陆了一艘航天器。这使得中国成为第一次执行火星登陆就成功的国家。短文同时介绍了此次登陆任务中最苦难的部分以及登陆火星的任务。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“China landed a spacecraft on Mars for the first time last Saturday. This makes China the first country to make a successful landing on Mars on its first mission to Mars.”可知，上周六，中国首次在火星上着陆了一艘航天器。这使得中国成为第一次执行火星登陆就成功的国家。由此可知，D选项“中国成功登陆火星，创造了新的记录”正确。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The truly hard part is landing on the planet's surface, as landers must contend with factors like the planet's thin atmosphere, its variable dust storms, and a communication delay between Mars and Earth.”可知， 真正困难的部分是在火星表面着陆，因为着陆器必须应对火星稀薄的大气层、变化无常的沙尘暴以及火星和地球之间的通信延迟等因素。由此可知，登陆火星需要仔细考虑火星的大气，火星的天气和通信延迟。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“To slow its speed as the lander approached the surface, it used both a parachute （降落伞）and a retrorocket (减速火箭）in its own "seven minutes of terror" as it moved through the atmosphere.”可知，为了在着陆器接近火星表面时减慢速度，它在穿越大气层时使用了降落伞和减速火箭。由此可知，着陆过程充满了危险。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The rover will now begin its three- month mission to explore the Utopia Planitia area, where it will be searching for surface and subsurface ice.”可知，探测器现在将开始为期三个月的任务，探索乌托邦平原地区，它将在那里搜索表面和地下冰。由此可知，乌托邦平原地区的探索将在三个月后启动。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“China landed a spacecraft on Mars for the first time last Saturday. This makes China the first country to make a successful landing on Mars on its first mission to Mars.” 上周六，中国首次在火星上着陆了一艘航天器。这使得中国成为第一次执行火星登陆就成功的国家。短文同时介绍了此次登陆任务中最苦难的部分以及登陆火星的任务。由此判断出短文来自于“太空”专栏。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2022·天津南开·一模）假如你是高中生李津，你的英国朋友Johnson得知中国的航天员在空间站对全国的青少年进行“天宫课堂”授课后，对此很感兴趣，在电子邮件中询问详细的信息和你听课的感受。请根据以下要点写一封回信： 1. “天宫课堂”已经播出到了第三课，受到学生们的欢迎； 2. 观看了很多科学实验在零重力条件下的演示； 3. 加深对于理科学习的兴趣，产生了作为一名中国学生的自豪感。 参考词汇：中国空间站China Space Station；零重力zero-gravity；航天员taikonaut 注意 ： 1. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯； 2. 文中不可出现真实的个人信息； 3. 词数不少于100（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。 Dear Johnson, In your last e-mail, you mentioned your interest in the “Tiangong Classroom.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Jin 【答案】Dear Johnson,    In your last e-mail, you mentioned your interest in the “Tiangong Classroom.” Now I am writing to tell you the details of the “Tiangong Classroom” and my feelings.    The “Tiangong Classroom” was conducted by taikonaut on the space station for teenagers across the country. The “Tiangong Classroom” has been broadcast to the third lesson, which is very popular with students. In the “Tiangong Classroom”, we watched many scientific experiments that were demonstrated in zero-gravity conditions. After watching the “Tiangong Classroom”, students’ interest in science learning was strengthened, and they had a sense of pride as a Chinese student.    Looking forward to your reply.                                                                                                                                       Yours sincerely,                                                                                                                                                      Li Jin 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Johnson写封电子邮件，告诉他“天宫课堂”的一些详细信息和你听课的感受。 【详解】1.词汇积累 进行：conduct→carry out 受欢迎的：popular→welcome 加强：strengthen→reinforce 自豪感：a sense of pride→a feeling of pride 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：After watching “Tiangong Classroom”, students’ interest in science learning is strengthened, and they have a sense of pride as a Chinese student. 拓展句：After they watched “Tiangong Classroom”, students’ interest in science learning was strengthened, and they had a sense of pride as a Chinese student. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The “Tiangong Classroom” has been broadcast to the third lesson, which is very popular with students.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] In the “Tiangong Classroom”, we watched many scientific experiments that were demonstrated in zero-gravity conditions. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句) Passage 5 （2022·天津新华·三模）假如你是晨光中学的李津，你的英国笔友Chris得知2022年4月16日在中国空间站工作了6个月的三位航天员已平安返回地球，对在此期间进行的太空授课非常感兴趣，给你发来邮件询问相关情况，请你用英语回复邮件, 内容包括: (1) 告知这是继2013年后中国航天员第二次太空授课; (2) 简要介绍本次太空授课的主要内容 (介绍空间站工作生活环境，科学实验展示，与同学们互动交流); (3) 你的感受。 注意: (1) 词数不少于100; (2) 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; (3) 开头已为你写好, 不计入总词数。 参考词汇: 直播太空授课 livestream a space class Dear Chris, As you know, the Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft successfully returned to the earth on 16th April, carrying three Chinese astronauts who had worked inside the Tiangong space station for six months. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Jin 【答案】Dear Chris, As you know, the Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft successfully returned to the earth on 16th April, carrying three Chinese astronauts who had worked inside the Tiangong space station for six months.This is the second time that Chinese astronauts have given lessons in space since 2013.It not only marks that China has been able to skillfully use manned aerospace technology, but also means that China’s Aerospace Science and technology has once again extended an olive branch to the field of education. The main content of this space class includes the introduction to the working and living environment of the space station, scientific experiment display, and interaction with students. In the “Tiangong Classroom”, I watched many scientific experiments that were demonstrated in zero-gravity conditions. After watching the “Tiangong Classroom”, my interest in science learning was strengthened，and I had a sense of pride as a Chinese student. Yours, Li Jin 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如考生是晨光中学的李津, 你的英国笔友Chris得知2022年4月16日在中国空间站工作了6个月的三位航天员已平安返回地球, 对在此期间进行的太空授课非常感兴越, 给你发来邮件询问相关情况, 请你用英语回复邮件。 【详解】1.词汇积累 包括：include→involve 主要的：main→major 加强：strengthen→build up 使用：use→make use of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：After watching the “Tiangong Classroom”, my interest in science learning was strengthened, and I had a sense of pride as a Chinese student. 拓展句：After I watched the “Tiangong Classroom”, my interest in science learning was strengthened, and I had a sense of pride as a Chinese student. 【高分句型1】In the “Tiangong Classroom”, I watched many scientific experiments that were demonstrated in zero-gravity conditions.（运用了that引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】It not only marks that China has been able to skillfully use manned aerospace technology, but also means that China's Aerospace Science and technology has once again extended an olive branch to the field of education.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） Passage 6 In May 2022, a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The culprit (罪魁祸首) was believed to be a piece of space junk (太空垃圾). While thankfully no astronauts were injured, it has refocused attention on the growing problem of orbital debris(残骸). It’s easy to forget that just seven decades ago the Moon was the only thing orbiting the Earth. On January 1st, 2022, there were 6,542 satellites in orbit. Tellingly, only just over half of them were active. That’s a lot of useless metal rushing around the planet at 28,000 kilometers per hour. Jan Wörner, the former European Space Agency Director General, put it this way: “Imagine how dangerous sailing the high seas would be if all the ships ever lost in history were still moving around on top of the water.” In fact, even the smallest pieces can cause huge amounts of damage. The problem is very bad and getting worse. There are currently about half a million pieces of debris about one centimeter wide or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across. Yet only 27,000 pieces are actively tracked. Space is only going to get more crowded, with the number of satellite launches set to increase by five times in the next decade. In January 2022, 143 satellites were launched into space on a single SpaceX Falcon rocket alone. And 12,000 more are to be put in orbit by Starlink over the next five years. All this significantly raises the chances of collisions (碰撞事故). Better control of new launches would help as right now it’s a bit of a free-for-all. Increased monitoring of existing space junk could also help because active satellites can be moved off a collision course — yet dead satellites are sitting ducks and there’s nothing we can do to prevent a collision. That’s why many are calling for a clean-up job. A space debris removal mission called ClearSpace-1 will be launched in 2025 and attempt to de-orbit the upper stage of a rocket left in space back in 2013. 1．What can we learn about space junk? A．It can be recycled for other uses. B．It has injured astronauts in space. C．It first appeared over seven decades ago. D．It threatens the safety of space activities. 2．What is the main factor that worsens the space junk problem? A．The high speed of orbital debris. B．The complex procedures of debris clean-up. C．The large amount of untracked space debris. D．The insufficient functions of clean-up facilities. 3．How can satellites avoid the possibility of collisions? A．Increase the number of satellite launches. B．Control new launches and clean up space debris. C．Put over 12000 satellites into predetermined orbits. D．Send free satellites and pay attention to avoiding death satellites. 4．What does the underlined phrase “sitting ducks” in the last paragraph mean? A．Things easy to be attacked. B．Things hard to be tracked. C．Things failing to function. D．Things set in a fixed position. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Orbital Debris: What Results in It? B．Satellite Launches: The More the Merrier? C．Space Junk: Is It a Disaster Waiting to Happen? D．Satellite Collisions: Who Should Be Responsible? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空垃圾的危害，现在所面临的太空垃圾的情况，以及未来如何解决太空垃圾的构想。 1．推理判断题。根据第一自然段“In May 2022, a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station (ISS). (2021年5月，国际空间站(ISS)的机械臂上发现了一个洞。)”和第三自然“In fact, even the smallest pieces can cause huge amounts of damage. (事实上，即使是最小的碎片也会造成巨大的破坏。)”可知，太空垃圾威胁着太空活动的安全。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四自然段“There are currently about half a million pieces of debris about one centimeter wide or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across. Yet only 27,000 pieces are actively tracked. (目前大约有50万片直径约为1厘米或更大的碎片，1亿片直径超过1毫米的碎片。然而，只有27000件被积极追踪。)”可知，使太空垃圾问题恶化的主要因素是大量无法追踪的太空碎片。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Better control of new launches would help as right now it’s a bit of a free-for-all. Increased monitoring of existing space junk could also help because active satellites can be moved off a collision course. (更好地控制新的发射将有所帮助，因为现在它是对任何人都开放的。加强对现有太空垃圾的监控也会有所帮助，因为活动卫星可以被移出碰撞的轨道。)以及“That’s why many are calling for a clean-up job”（这就是为什么许多人呼吁进行清理工作）可知，控制新的发射和清理空间碎片可以避免碰撞的可能性。故选B。 4．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Increased monitoring of existing space junk could also help because active satellites can be moved off a collision course — yet dead satellites are sitting ducks and there’s nothing we can do to prevent a collision. (加强对现有太空垃圾的监测也会有所帮助，因为活跃的卫星可以被移出碰撞的轨道——然而死亡的卫星是易受攻击的目标，我们无法阻止碰撞。)”可知，我们无法阻止碰撞死亡的卫星，说明死亡的卫星容易遭受碰撞。因此sitting ducks意为“易受攻击的目标”。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一自然段“In May 2022, a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The culprit (罪魁祸首) was believed to be a piece of space junk (太空垃圾). While thankfully no astronauts were injured, it has refocused attention on the growing problem of orbital debris(残骸). (2021年5月，国际空间站（ISS）上的一个机械臂上发现了一个洞。据信，主要原因是一块太空垃圾。虽然幸运的是没有宇航员受伤，但它将注意力重新集中在日益严重的轨道碎片问题上。)”可知，文章主要介绍了太空垃圾对太空活动造成了威胁，以及未来如何解决太空垃圾的构想。C项“Space Junk: Is It a Disaster Waiting to Happen? (太空垃圾：这是一场等待发生的灾难吗？)”是最合适的标题。故选C。 航天英雄 Passage 1 European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti is back on Earth after spending five and a half months in orbit on the International Space Station (ISS). The Italian 1 much attention in China after she 2 some classic Chinese poems on social media with a view of the Chinese capital from space. That view 3 Cristoforetti to dive into the Chinese classics as the ISS flew over parts of China. She quoted 4th-century poet Wang Xizhi’s Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion: “Looking up, I see the immensity of the cosmos; bowing my head, I look at the multitude of the world. The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, and indeed, this is true happiness.” The text was 4 by photos of China taken from the space station. Her 5 spacecraft splashed down off the coast of Florida. After a medical check, she was flown to a military base in Germany, where CGTN Europe asked why she 6 that particular poem and if she was aware of the 7 it had gained. “I have a good friend, an Italian who has lived in China for 30 years—a sinologist, very 8 about Chinese literature.” she smiled, “he suggested that to me, and it sounded like a good 9 . So unfortunately, I cannot take credit for choosing it—but for choosing a smart friend.” It is hoped that ESA astronauts will 10 their Chinese counterparts for joint 11 at some point in the future. With Cristoforetti having laid some groundwork for that, ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher was full of 12 for her—and positive about the 13 spirit of space exploration. “She speaks very well in Chinese, and this post has shown that she can do this very well,” he told CGTN. “Space is 14 . There is no way to put a 15 in space—the space station, the satellites, they fly around the Earth, they 16 boundaries, cultures, religions and different divides. I think this is something that we should 17 : Space is above everything. 18 there may be many 19 between nations on Earth, in space, cooperation is 20 .” 1．A．signed up B．picked up C．used up D．packed up 2．A．recited B．expressed C．illustrated D．quoted 3．A．inspired B．insulted C．indicated D．interpreted 4．A．accepted B．acknowledged C．accompanied D．followed 5．A．departure B．return C．recovery D．delivery 6．A．wrote B．required C．chose D．published 7．A．interest B．attention C．effort D．result 8．A．knowledgeable B．shallow C．common D．eager 9．A．possession B．adaptation C．passage D．example 10．A．feed up with B．put up with C．come up with D．team up with 11．A．strengths B．credits C．expectations D．missions 12．A．praise B．criticism C．comment D．substance 13．A．conflicted B．divided C．united D．separated 14．A．vast B．international C．individual D．limitless 15．A．boundary B．extreme C．extent D．principle 16．A．bridge B．cross C．shorten D．minimize 17．A．remember B．remind C．trust D．ignore 18．A．Until B．When C．Upon D．While 19．A．competitors B．subjects C．issues D．opportunities 20．A．related B．weak C．necessary D．typical 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了意大利欧洲航天局女宇航员Samantha Cristoforetti，藉由千年之前的王羲之的名句，骋目抒怀，表达她俯瞰寰宇时飞扬的心绪。同时文章表达了中国航天员也将与外国航天员一道，共同为人类探索宇宙奥秘、推动构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位意大利人在社交媒体上，从太空中，通过引用了一些中国经典诗歌，配图中国首都景色，在中国引起了广泛关注。A. signed up报名；B. picked up引起；C. used up用光；D. packed up打包。根据后文的“much attention in China ”可知，此处表示“引起了广泛的关注”。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位意大利人在社交媒体上，从太空中，通过引用了一些中国经典诗歌，配图中国首都景色，在中国引起了广泛关注。A. recited复述；B. expressed表达；C. illustrated说明，阐述；D. quoted引用。根据后文“She quoted 4th-century poet Wang Xizhi’s Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion”可知，她引用了一些中国经典诗歌。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当国际空间站飞越中国部分地区时，这一景色激发Cristoforetti对中国经典的钻研。A. inspired激发；B. insulted侮辱，冒犯；C. indicated暗示，表明；D. interpreted解释，说明。根据后文的“dive into the Chinese classics”可知，这一景色激发了Cristoforetti对中国经典的钻研，以至于她引用王羲之的名句。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：文字附有从空间站拍摄的中国照片。A. accepted接受；B. acknowledged承认；C. accompanied伴随，附着；D. followed跟随。根据前文“some classic Chinese poems on social media with a view of the Chinese capital from space”的内容，可知古诗词是附在照片旁边的。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的返程飞船降落在佛罗里达海岸。A. departure分离；B. return回来；C. recovery恢复；D. delivery运输。根据第一句“European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti is back on Earth after spending five and a half months in orbit on the International Space Station.”可知，欧洲航天局宇航员Cristoforetti在国际空间站轨道上待了五个半月后返回地球，此处是指返程的宇宙飞船降落在佛罗里达海岸。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在体检后，她被空运到德国的一个军事基地，中国国际电视台欧洲频道问她为什么选择了这首诗，她是否意识到这首诗引起了广泛关注。A. wrote写；B. required要求；C. chose选择；D. published出版。根据前文“The text was  ___4___  by photos of China taken from the space station.”可知，Cristoforetti选择引用王羲之的经典文章来表达自己的感受，故中国国际电视台欧洲频道应该询问她为什么选择这首古诗 。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在体检后，她被空运到德国的一个军事基地，中国国际电视台欧洲频道问她为什么选择了这首诗，她是否意识到这首诗引起了广泛关注。A. interest兴趣；B. attention注意力；C. effort努力；D. result结果。根据前文“The Italian ___1___  much attention in China”可知，此处表示中国国际电视台欧洲频道询问她是否意识到这首诗引起了广泛关注。故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一个好朋友，他是意大利人，在中国生活了30年，是一位汉学家，对中国文学非常了解。A. knowledgeable知识渊博的；B. shallow浅的；C. common常见的；D. eager渴望的。根据前文“who has lived in China for 30 years—a sinologist”可知，可知她的这位朋友对中国文学非常了解，是知识渊博的。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他建议我选这个诗句，这个选段非常不错。A. possession拥有；B. adaptation改编；C. passage段落；D. example例子。根据前文“She quoted 4th-century poet Wang Xizhi’s Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion”和“Looking up, I see the immensity of the cosmos; bowing my head, I look at the multitude of the world...”可知，Cristoforetti接受朋友的意见，选择引用王羲之的经典文章段落。故选C。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：欧洲航天局的宇航员有望在未来的某个时候与中国同行合作执行联合任务。A. feed up with吃饱，厌烦；B. put up with忍受；C. come up with提出；D. team up with合作。根据后文的“joint”可知，此处强调欧洲航天局的宇航员有望在未来的某个时候与中国同行合作。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：欧洲航天局的宇航员有望在未来的某个时候与中国同行合作执行联合任务。A. strengths力量，强项；B. credits信誉，信用；C. expectations期待，预料；D. missions任务。此处强调“执行联合任务”。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于Cristoforetti已经为此打下了一些基础，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对她大加赞扬，并对太空探索的团结精神持积极态度。A. praise赞美，表扬；B. criticism批评；C. comment评论；D. substance物质。根据前文的“With Cristoforetti having laid some groundwork for that”和下文“She speaks very well in Chinese, and this post has shown that she can do this very well”可知，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对她大加赞扬。故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于Cristoforetti已经为此打下了一些基础，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对她大加赞扬，并对太空探索的团结精神持积极态度。A. conflicted因心理冲突而不知所措的；B. divided分裂的；C. united团结的，联合的；D. separated分居的。根据前文“It is hoped that ESA astronauts will  ____10____  their Chinese counterparts for joint ____11____ at some point in the future.”可知，此处表示对太空探索的团结精神持积极态度。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太空是国际性。A. vast巨大的；B. international国际的；C. individual个体的；D. limitless无限的。根据后文“they ____16____ boundaries, cultures, religions and different divides.”可知，太空是国际的，是全世界的。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在太空中没有办法划定边界——空间站、卫星，它们绕着地球飞行，它们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。A. boundary界限；B. extreme极端；C. extent程度；D. principle原则。根据上文和后文的“they  ____16____  boundaries, cultures, religions and different divides.”可知，太空是国际的，在太空中没有办法划定边界的。故选A。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在太空中没有办法划定边界——空间站、卫星，它们绕着地球飞行，它们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。A. bridge搭建（桥梁）；B. cross跨越；C. shorten缩短；D. minimize缩小。根据前文“Space is  ____14____ ”可知，在太空中没有办法划定边界，空间站、卫星绕着地球飞行，它们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。故选B。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为我们应该记住这一点：太空高于一切。A. remember记住；B. remind提醒；C. trust信任；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“Space is above everything.”可知，我们应该记住：太空高于一切。故选A。 18．考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。A. Until直到；B. When当……时候；C. Upon一……就……；D. While虽然。前后两句构成让步关系，此处表示“虽然”。故选D。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。A. competitors竞争者；B. subjects科目；C. issues问题；D. opportunities机会。根据后文“between nations on Earth”可知，虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题。故选C。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。A. related相关的；B. weak虚弱的；C. necessary必要的，必不可少的；D. typical典型的。根据前文“cooperation”可知，虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，合作是必不可少的。故选C。 Passage 2 （22-23高三下·天津红桥·开学考试）Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang’e. It’s a story about a woman who takes an immortality pill and flies to the moon. The story is s0 popular that people can’t hear the word Chang’e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess. For this reason, China’s mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang’e-5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a “frontline soklier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to. Ms Zhou, 24-year-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China’s youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang’e-5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, described as a key role. In Wenchang space launch site, though she is only 1.58 meters tall and looks “mini”, she is called “Big Sister” for her powerful core and energy. Since senior high, she has dreamed! of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her acrospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of “the Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle. Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work. 1．Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang’e at the beginning of the passage? A．To tell a romantic story. B．To spread Chinese culture. C．To introduce the topic. D．To give an example. 2．What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace? A．Her youth and beauty. B．Her pictures on the media. C．Her identity of the Tujia ethnic group. D．Her performance in the moon-landing program. 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．She was the youngest space commander of the Tujia ethnic group. B．She was called “Big Sister” not because of her physical strength but her central status. C．To become a commander, she took five challenging and courageous jobs in two and a half years. D．She worked in severe conditions for 60 days until the Long March 5 rocket was-launched. 4．Why did Ms Zhou reject the media’s invitation to interviews? A．Because she was too shy. B．Because she was not available. C．Because she was devoted to work. D．Because she hated being famous. 5．What can we learn from Ms Zhou’s story? A．Attitude is altitude. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Many hands make light work. D．Diligence makes up for inability. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国有史以来最年轻的太空指挥官周小姐，介绍了她的个性经历以及取得的成就。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang’e. It’s a story about a woman who takes an immorality pill and flies to the moon. The story is s0 popular that people can’t hear the word Chang’e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.(大多数中国人都知道神话中的嫦娥的故事。这是一个关于一个女人吃了永生药丸飞向月球的故事。这个故事非常流行，以至于人们一听到嫦娥这个词就会想到月亮女神的浪漫形象)”可推知，作者在文章的开头提到嫦娥的神话是为了引入主题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“For this reason, China’s mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang’e-5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a “frontline soklier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.(因此，中国的登月任务需要一个坚强的女性形象。因此，一名24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传，因为她在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作，有人评论说她是中国年轻人值得尊敬的“航天领域的一线战士”)”可知，在登月计划中的表现让人们认为周小姐是航天领域的青年先驱。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ms Zhou, 24-year-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China’s youngest ever space commander.(24岁的周小姐来自土家族，是中国有史以来最年轻的太空指挥官)”可知，A选项“她是土家族最年轻的太空指挥官”不正确。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.(据媒体报道，她拒绝了多次采访请求，因为她不想让名声影响她的工作)”可知，周小姐拒绝媒体的采访邀请是因为她对工作很投入。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Since senior high, she has dreamed! of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her acrospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of “the Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle.(从高中开始，她就有梦想!作为太空研究团队的一员。在她的努力下，2014年她考上了国内一所大学的飞机系统与工程专业，实现了她的太空梦。为了成长为一名指挥员，她在两年半的时间里换了五个岗位，熟悉了多个岗位和工作类型，每一个岗位都需要很大的勇气和挑战。在一个没有空调、只能容纳三人的狭小工作空间里，她工作了60天，直到完成“长征五号火箭绕行”战役)”可知，周女士坚持自己的梦想，不懈努力，勇于挑战，故可推知，我们能从周女士的故事中学到“态度决定高度”的道理。故选A。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。 In his senior year of high school, Wei Fangjie happened to see a poster for recruiting (征募) PLA Air Force pilots. “The pilots on the poster looked really cool, and I got to know that a pilot is known as a profession of the brave. So, I decided to give it a try.” said Wei, 26, who now works as a flight instructor at the Air Force Aviation (航空) University. According to Wei, pilot students need to not only study aviation theory but also practice difficult aerobatics (飞行特技), which require strong resistance to gravity force. “To do some of the movements, a pilot has to bear about three times their body weight pressing down on them,” said Wei. They also use special equipment like a spinning ladder to overcome dizziness. Despite all the training, becoming a top PLA Air Force pilot remains a tough job. “During flight, pilots must carefully decide how to land, especially at night, and maintain position during formation flight,” explained Wei. He added that the key to these skills lies in continuous practice. In the world of aviation, a balanced mentality and quick thinking are very important. One of Wei’s most unforgettable experiences was dealing with illusions during a formation flight up above the clouds. All he could see in front of him was the lead aircraft and clouds. “I felt like I was turning all the time, but my instruments showed that my flight was level,” said Wei. “In such situations, trusting instruments is essential to making sound decisions.” But what always remains constant is the great sense of freedom and pride that Wei feels as he flies his aircraft in the sky and looks down at Earth from above. Now, as an experienced flight instructor, Wei hopes to channel his passion for aviation into the “training and development of a new generation of skilled pilots”. 1．Why did Wei Fangjie determine to become a pilot?(no more than 20 words) 2．What physical challenge do pilot students face during aerobatics?(no more than 10 words) 3．In Wei Fangjie’s opinion, what is vital in mastering the skills required to become a top pilot?(no more than 5 words) 4．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 5? (1 word) 5．What do you think of Wei Fangjie? Please explain it in your own words.(no more than 25 words) 【答案】1．Because he saw a poster featuring the pilots and admired their bravery. / Because he was inspired by the cool appearance of pilots and the profession’s reputation for bravery. / Because to him it was a cool profession for the brave./ Because he was attracted by such a cool profession for the brave. 2．They face dizziness and strong resistance to gravity force. 3．Frequent training. /Continuous practice./It is continuous practice. 4．Devote. /Put./ Direct. /Cultivate./Steer. 5．(OPEN) / I think Wei is a responsible person because he's willing to devote himself to his career and training a new generation of skilled pilots./He is devoted and determined. Because he not only becomes a top pilot himself, but hopes to cultivate a new generation of skilled pilots./I think he is highly determined and resilient, because he dares to challenge himself' and possesses an unwavering commitment to his ambition. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了魏方杰从看到招募海报决定成为飞行员，到接受训练、面对挑战，再到成为飞行教官的经历和感悟。 1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“In his senior year of high school, Wei Fangjie happened to see a poster for recruiting (征募) PLA Air Force pilots. “The pilots on the poster looked really cool, and I got to know that a pilot is known as a profession of the brave. So, I decided to give it a try.” said Wei, 26, who now works as a flight instructor at the Air Force Aviation (航空) University.(在高三那年，魏方杰偶然看到了一张中国人民解放军空军飞行员的招募海报。“海报上的飞行员看起来太酷了，而且我了解到飞行员是一个勇敢者的职业。所以，我决定试一试。”26 岁的魏方杰说道，他现在是空军航空大学的一名飞行教员)”可知，魏方杰看到了一张中国人民解放军空军飞行员的招募海报，觉得很酷，被其吸引，决定试一试。故答案为Because he saw a poster featuring the pilots and admired their bravery. / Because he was inspired by the cool appearance of pilots and the profession’s reputation for bravery. / Because to him it was a cool profession for the brave./ Because he was attracted by such a cool profession for the brave. 2．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“According to Wei, pilot students need to not only study aviation theory but also practice difficult aerobatics (飞行特技), which require strong resistance to gravity force. “To do some of the movements, a pilot has to bear about three times their body weight pressing down on them,” said Wei. They also use special equipment like a spinning ladder to overcome dizziness.(据魏方杰介绍，飞行学员不仅要学习航空理论，还要练习高难度的飞行特技，这需要很强的抗重力能力。“做一些动作时，飞行员承受的压力大约是自身体重的三倍。” 魏方杰说。他们还会使用旋转梯等特殊设备来克服眩晕)”可知，飞行员学生在进行特技飞行时面临眩晕和抗重力挑战。故答案为They face dizziness and strong resistance to gravity force. 3．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Despite all the training, becoming a top PLA Air Force pilot remains a tough job. “During flight, pilots must carefully decide how to land, especially at night, and maintain position during formation flight,” explained Wei. He added that the key to these skills lies in continuous practice.(尽管经历了种种训练，但要成为一名顶尖的中国人民解放军空军飞行员依然是一项艰巨的任务。“飞行过程中，飞行员必须仔细判断如何降落，尤其是在夜间，并且在编队飞行时保持好位置。” 魏方杰解释道。他还补充说，掌握这些技能的关键在于不断地练习)”可知，魏方杰认为要成为一名顶尖的中国人民解放军空军飞行员，飞行员必须仔细判断如何降落，尤其是在夜间，并且在编队飞行时保持好位置。而想要掌握这些技能的关键在于不断地练习。故答案为Frequent training. /Continuous practice./It is continuous practice. 4．考查词句猜测。根据划线单词所在句“Now, as an experienced flight instructor, Wei hopes to channel his passion for aviation into the “training and development of a new generation of skilled pilots”.(如今，作为一名经验丰富的飞行教员，魏方杰希望将自己对航空的热爱……下去，“培养新一代技术精湛的飞行员”)”中的“培养新一代技术精湛的飞行员”可推测，划线单词和“奉献、投入、放置”等相似。故答案为Devote. /Put./ Direct. /Cultivate./Steer. 5．开放题。要求考生谈谈对魏方杰的看法，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为(OPEN / I think Wei is a responsible person because he's willing to devote himself to his career and training a new generation of skilled pilots. /He is devoted and determined. Because he not only becomes a top pilot himself, but hopes to cultivate a new generation of skilled pilots. /I think he is highly determined and resilient, because he dares to challenge himself' and possesses an unwavering commitment to his ambition. Passage 4 （23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）假设你是天津一中航天社团的学生李津。12月27日，你校校友、中国科学院院士戚发轫来到一中做了关于神舟飞船的报告，并和航天社团的全体同学举行座谈。请你根据以下要点，给校报的英语版写一篇报道。 1. 报告的时间、地点和主旨内容； 2. 座谈的参加人员和互动情况； 3. 此次活动的意义和同学们的收获。 要求： 1. 词数100个左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：中国科学院院士    Academician of CAS 神舟飞船    Shenzhou spacecraft 航天社团    Aerospace Society By Li Jin ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】By Li Jin On December 27, Qi Faren, an alumnus of our school and an academician of the CAS Member, came to give a report on the Shenzhou spaceship, and held a symposium with all the students of the Aerospace Society in our school hall. All of the teachers and students attended the lecture actively, after which we made an active communication with him and asked many questions on Shenzhou spacecraft and Aerospace Society. We all felt proud of our strong country and showed great respect to all the devoted workers like academician Qi. We hope there will be more activities like this in the future. 【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生就中科院院士戚发轫来到一中做的关于神舟飞船的报告，并和航天社团的全体同学举行的座谈写一篇报道。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 作报告：give a report→deliver a report 举办：hold→throw 参加：attend→take part in 对……感到自豪：feel proud of→take pride in 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：On December 27, Qi Faren, an alumnus of our school and an academician of the CAS Member, came to give a report on the Shenzhou spaceship, and held a symposium with all the students of the Aerospace Society in our school hall. 拓展句：On December 27, Qi Faren, who is an alumnus of our school and an academician of the CAS Member, came to give a report on the Shenzhou spaceship, and held a symposium with all the students of the Aerospace Society in our school hall. 【点睛】【高分句型1】All of the teachers and students attended the lecture actively, after which we made an active communication with him and asked many questions on Shenzhou spacecraft and Aerospace Society.（由介词+which引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】We hope there will be more activities like this in the future.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句） 航天精神 Passage 1 5月30日神舟十六号飞船与天宫空间站对接，并传回他们的誓言。景海鹏：“我十分渴望再上太空。要跑好空间站属于我的那一棒，要做不负使命、不负时代的奋斗者、攀登者。”朱杨柱：“争取咱们的空间站早出、多出高水平的科技成果，产生更多的效益，让国家放心，让老百姓放心。”桂海潮：“我们是分工不分家，保证操作的稳妥可靠，同时又互为备份，有重大任务的时候能够合力出击，把任务完成好。” 假设你是李津，请代表同学们用英文写一封致敬信，并表达努力学习他们的精神。 内容包括： 1.对航天员表达敬慕之情； 2.学习他们不同的精神； 3.表达努力学习的决心。 注意：(1)词数不少于100词； (2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； (3)开头及结束语已写好，不计入总词数。 Dear astronaut uncles, Knowing that you three have succeeded taking the Shenzhou XVI spacecraft docking with the Tiangong space station on May 30th 2023, we sincerely extend our respects. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours faithfully, Li Jin 【答案】One possible version： Dear astronaut uncles, Knowing that you three have succeeded taking the Shenzhou XVI spacecraft docking with the Tiangong space station on May 30th 2023, we sincerely extend our respect. When we heard the vows you three made, we’re deeply moved. Therefore, we have made up our mind to learn the different spirits from you—responsibility, cooperation, and constantly struggling. As a teenager, we will study hard in school to make more contributions to the country in the future as you do now. You are the heroes of our country and our people, and what you do now will be remembered by the next generations forever. We hope to be somebody like you some day. Once again, we want to show our great admiration for you. Yours faithfully, Li Jin 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作，要求考生对神舟十六号的航天员写一封致敬信，表达对航天员的敬慕之情、学习他们不同的精神和表达努力学习的决心。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 感动：moved→ touched 下定决心做某事：made up one’s mind to do sth.→ be determined to do sth. 努力学习：study hard→ work hard/be hard-working 对……做出贡献：make contributions to→ contribute to 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：When we heard the vows you three made, we’re deeply moved. Therefore, we have made up our mind to learn the different spirits from you—responsibility, cooperation, and constantly struggling. 拓展句：When we heard you three made the vows, we’re so deeply moved that we have been determined to learn the different spirits from you—responsibility, cooperation, and constantly struggling. 【点睛】【高分句型1】When we heard the vows you three made, we’re deeply moved.(使用了When引导时间状语从句和省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句) 【高分句型2】As a teenager, we will study hard in school to make more contributions to the country in the future as you do now. (使用了不定式短语作目的状语和as引导方式状语从句) Passage 2 （23-24高三上·天津河东·期末）From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great effort into space research. And so far, we have achieved many successes. But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not stop trying to progress. The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration. It is not only helpful but also essential. It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time. It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe. It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars. In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is to set up a space station. As the space station costs a lot of money, it is hard for one country alone to establish one. The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone, and it has tried to do so, but not very successful. So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together. Though it is still extremely expensive, it is much cheaper than doing it alone. It is really a job that needs everyone’s effort and will benefit everyone. But even so, the funds needed are still a big problem. As for the USA, it seems that it has too many things to spend its money on. Although it is the richest country in the world, it has much debt every year. It has to make arrangements about its finance, and try to find a balance in all these issues. 1．What is the author’s attitude towards building and developing the international space station? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Negative 2．From Paragraph 2 we learn that ________. A．the necessity of building the international space station is not realized now B．many experiments have been done in the international space station C．the international space station is necessary for people to explore space more D．people have traveled to Mars from the international space station 3．Which of the following is NOT a reason for countries’ cooperation in building the international space station? A．That it requires a lot of money. B．That it needs everyone’ s effort. C．That it will benefit every participating country. D．That it is too far away from the earth. 4．The underlined word “aggregated” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by_________. A．united B．scolded C．allowed D．forbade 5．Which of the following aspects about building the international space station is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Difficulties. B．Cooperation. C．Significance. D．Specific arrangements. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了建立国际空间站的重要性及遇到的挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段前三句“The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration. It is not only helpful but also essential. It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time.”（国际空间站是我们太空探索的重要一步。不仅有助于太空探索，而且是非常重要的，它为许多我们一直以来就渴望做的实验提供了合适的太空环境。）可知，作者肯定了国际空间站的作用，对于国际空间站的发展持支持的态度。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.”（总之，如果我们想更多的探索太空，首要的事情就是建立空间站。）说明建立空间站对于探索太空来说是必要的。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“As the space station costs a lot of money, it is hard for one country alone to establish one. ”（建立空间站耗费巨大，所以任何一个单独的国家都很难完成。）及最后一句“It is really a job that needs everyone’s effort and will benefit everyone.”（这真的需要每个人的努力，也将会使所有人获益。）说明建立空间站投资大，需要合作，最终也会使所有人受益，所以D项“它离地球太远了。”不是各国合作建设国际空间站的理由。故选D项。 4．词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone, and it has tried to do so, but not very successful. ”（美国似乎是唯一有能力独立建立空间站的国家，它也尝试这样做了，但并不理想。）可知，美国独立建立空间站的尝试并不特别成功，所以它决定联合其他国家。故“aggregated”是“联合”的意思。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration.”（国际空间站是我们太空探索的重要一步。）并结合第二段的内容，主要说明了空间站的重要性。第三段第一句“As the space station costs a lot of money, it is hard for one country alone to establish one. ”（建立空间站耗费巨大，所以任何一个单独的国家都很难完成。）说明了建立空间站遇到的困难。第三段第三句“So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.”（所以它决定联合其他国家一起合作。）说明共同合作建立空间站。所以文章没有提及具体的安排。故选D项。 Passage 3 For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars. Over the last year, he has also built up work on what will happen if he gets there. Mr. Musk, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times. One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to deal with Mars’s terrible environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there. These initiatives, which are at their early stage, are a shift toward more concrete planning for life on Mars as Mr. Musk’s timeline has hastened (加速). While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self-sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years. Mr. Musk has long tried to defy (违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme — and some might say absurdist — point. No one has ever set foot on the planet. NASA doesn’t expect to land humans on Mars until the 2040s. And if people get there, they will be greeted by icy temperatures, dust storms, and air that is impossible to breathe. Yet Mr. Musk sticks to the idea of creating a civilization on Mars—he once said he plans to die there — that it has pushed nearly every business effort he has made on Earth. His vision for Mars underlies most of the six companies that he leads or owns, each of which could potentially contribute to a space colony, according to the documents and the people with knowledge of the efforts. The Boring Company, a private tunneling venture founded by Mr. Musk, was started in part to ready equipment to dig under Mars’s surface, two of the people said. Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus (共识) might work on Mars. He has also said that he imagines residents on the planet driving a version of the steel-paneled Cybertrucks made by Tesla, his electric vehicle company. 1．What measures are being taken by SpaceX to realize their dream of Mars? A．Designing large spaceships and building hospitals. B．Planning for habitats and designing spacesuits. C．Developing technologies and training medical teams. D．Building space stations and inspiring employees to strive. 2．What is Elon Musk’s current timeline for establishing a self-sustaining civilization on Mars? A．40 to 100 years from 2016. B．Within the next 20 years. C．By the 2050s. D．He has not specified a timeline. 3．How do some people find Mr. Musk’s vision for Mars? A．Practical and achievable. B．Unreasonable and time-consuming. C．Theoretical and promising. D．Over-ambitious and ridiculous. 4．Why did Mr. Musk purchase X social media platform? A．Because he intended to create a company on Mars. B．Because he was interested in promoting social network on Mars. C．Because he wanted to make profits by running it on Mars. D．Because he dreamt of a resident-managed government for Mars. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Elon Musk’s determination and initiatives to put people on Mars. B．Elon Musk’s efforts to overcome the challenges of exploring Mars. C．Elon Musk’s overall vision for the future development of Mars. D．Elon Musk’s companies on Mars and their contributions. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。 文章主要介绍了Elon Musk致力于将人类送上火星的决心和举措。 1．细节理解题。 根据文章第二段中的“One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to deal with Mars’s terrible environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there.(一个团队正在为小型圆顶栖息地制定计划，包括可以用来建造它们的材料。另一个正在研究宇航服，以应对火星的恶劣环境，而一个医疗小组正在研究人类能否在火星上生孩子。)”可知，SpaceX公司正在采取的措施是规划栖息地和设计宇航服。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self-sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years.(尽管他在2016年表示，在火星上建立一个自给自足的文明需要40到100年的时间，但Mr. Musk在今年4月告诉SpaceX的员工，他现在预计，大约20年后，火星上将有100万人居住。)”可知，Elon Musk目前关于在火星上建立自给自足文明的时间表是从2016年起算，40到100年内。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Mr. Musk has long tried to defy (违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme—and some might say absurdist—point. No one has ever set foot on the planet.(Mr. Musk长期以来一直试图挑战不可能的事情，并经常成功地克服困难。但他对火星生活的愿景将他看似无限的野心推向了极端——有些人可能会说这是荒谬的。从来没有人踏足过这个星球。)”可知，一些人认为Musk的火星愿景是好高骛远和荒谬的。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus (共识) might work on Mars.(Mr. Musk告诉人们，他收购了社交媒体平台X，部分原因是为了帮助测试一个由公民领导、以共识治国的政府如何在火星上运作。)”可知，Musk购买X社交媒体平台是因为他梦想在火星上建立一个居民管理的政府。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其是第一段的“For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars.(20多年来，Elon Musk一直把他的火箭公司SpaceX专注于他的终身目标——登陆火星。)”和第二段的“Mr. Musk, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times.(据了解《纽约时报》看到的相关工作和文件的五名知情人士透露，Mr. Musk指示SpaceX员工深入研究火星城市的设计和细节。)”可知，文章主要介绍了Elon Musk致力于将人类送上火星的决心和举措，因此文章的主旨是A选项“Elon Musk’s determination and initiatives to put people on Mars.(Elon Musk将人类送上火星的决心和计划。)”。故选A。 Passage 4 “Easy come, easy go,” as the old saying goes. It’s easy to do easy things, but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult. Stanley said he tried to express that view everywhere he went. And he spoke from experience, having spent a career that included the time as a NASA astronaut, US Navy captain, fighter pilot, and engineer. Stanley spoke at the University of North Alabama, sharing stories about his experience of spending a year on the International Space Station (TSS). He said the physical pressure of living in weightlessness for a year was hard to describe and that the fluids (液体) in his head sometimes made him feel like he was standing on his head. It also needed some time to recover when he returned home. “My legs were weak and it would be uncomfortable to sit for a while because my body hadn’t had that pressure so long,” Stanley said. He discussed life aboard the Space Station, including spending time with Russian astronauts. He had managed to get along well with everyone aboard as they lived together, worked together, and had to rely on each other. He thought it was one of the most rewarding things in his life. Though life there was not easy, Stanley never regretted being an astronaut and going to space. He also discussed his growth experience, admitting that he wasn’t always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination. “Never give up or lower your dream. If you work for it, all things are possible. There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don’t even try. And when you succeed after trying hard and persevering, you’ll find it really worthwhile,” Stanley said in the end. 1．What message does the saying “Easy come, easy go” convey? A．One should avoid difficult tasks to prevent failure. B．Everything in life comes and goes without any lasting impact. C．It is important to take on challenges to achieve meaningful rewards. D．Financial wealth should be spent freely because it comes and goes easily. 2．What was the physical impact on Stanley after spending a year in space? A．He found it difficult to breathe due to the altered air pressure. B．He felt it hard to stand and he experienced discomfort sitting down. C．He suffered from severe headaches due to the weightlessness. D．His body fluids moved abnormally, causing him to feel upside down. 3．What could benefit Stanley most when he lived with Russian astronauts? A．He picked up different cultures. B．He developed good relationships with others. C．He found the fun of living in the Space Station. D．He won some awards through teamwork. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Stanley? A．Determined. B．Humourous. C．Gifted. D．Mischievous. 5．What does the author intend to tell us from Stanley’s story? A．Life is not all roses. B．Nurture passes nature. C．Difficult things are demanding but rewarding. D．People should have a vision in order to win in life. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者通过斯坦利的故事中告诉我们：困难的事情要求很高，但很有回报。 1．推理判断题。根据首段中的““Easy come, easy go,” as the old saying goes. It’s easy to do easy things, but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult.(俗话说：“来得容易，去得也快。”做简单的事情很容易，但他们不会有挑战和做困难事情带来的回报)”可知，做简单的事情不会有挑战，也会有做困难事情带来的回报，由此可推断，为了获得回报，接受挑战是很重要的。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It also needed some time to recover when he returned home. “My legs were weak and it would be uncomfortable to sit for a while because my body hadn’t had that pressure so long,” Stanley said.(当他回到家时，也需要一些时间来恢复。斯坦利说：“我的腿很虚弱，坐一会儿会很不舒服，因为我的身体很久没有那种压力了。”)”可知，斯坦利说回到家后，他的腿很软，坐一会会很不舒服，因为身体很久没有那种压力，由此可知，他觉得站不起来，坐下来也不舒服。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“He had managed to get along well with everyone aboard as they lived together, worked together, and had to rely on each other. He thought it was one of the most rewarding things in his life.(他设法和飞船上的每个人都相处得很好，因为他们一起生活，一起工作，彼此依赖。他认为这是他一生中最有价值的事情之一)”可知，当斯坦利和俄罗斯宇航员生活在一起时，他与他人建立了良好的关系，这对他最有好处。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“He also discussed his growth experience, admitting that he wasn’t always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination.(他还谈到了自己的成长经历，承认自己并不总是最优秀的学生，但通过努力和决心，他克服了这一点)”可知，他通过努力和决心战胜了自己不是最优秀的学生这一点，最终成为宇航员，结合第五段的““Never give up or lower your dream. If you work for it, all things are possible. There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don’t even try. And when you succeed after trying hard and persevering, you’ll find it really worthwhile,” Stanley said in the end.(“永远不要放弃或降低你的梦想。如果你为之努力，一切皆有可能。如果你不去尝试，成功的机会是零。当你在努力和坚持之后获得成功时，你会发现这真的很值得。”斯坦利最后说)”可知，斯坦利认为，在经过努力和坚持后获得成功时，你会发现真的很值，综合以上信息可知，斯坦利是意志坚定的人。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据首段中的“It’s easy to do easy things, but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult. Stanley said he tried to express that view everywhere he went. And he spoke from experience, having spent a career that included the time as a NASA astronaut, US Navy captain, fighter pilot, and engineer.(做简单的事情很容易，但做困难的事情却没有挑战和回报。斯坦利说，无论他走到哪里，他都试图表达这种观点。他说的是他的经历，他的职业生涯包括担任美国宇航局宇航员、美国海军上尉、战斗机飞行员和工程师)”及下文中介绍的斯坦利成为宇航员以及在太空站工作一年的经历可知，作者想从斯坦利的故事中告诉我们：困难的事情要求很高，但很有回报。故选C项。 【同源语篇阅读】 【材料来源：China Daily July 9, 2024】 China's Chang'e 6 robotic mission finished successfully on Tuesday afternoon, bringing scientifically precious samples from the moon's far side back to Earth for the first time. Carrying the lunar samples, the Chang'e 6's reentry capsule touched down at 2:07 pm on its preset landing site in Siziwang Banner of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, putting an end to the 53-day voyage involving a host of complex, challenging maneuvers. The reentry and landing processes started at around 1:22 pm when mission controllers at the Beijing Aerospace Control Center uploaded high-accuracy navigation data to the orbiter-reentry capsule combination that was traveling around Earth. The capsule then separated from the orbiter about 5,000 kilometers above the southern Atlantic Ocean and began to descend toward Earth. It entered the atmosphere around 1:41 pm at a speed close to the second cosmic velocity of 11.2 kilometers per second, and then bounced out of atmosphere in a maneuver to reduce its ultrafast speed. After a short while, the capsule re-entered the atmosphere and kept gliding down. When the craft was about 10 km above the ground, it released its parachutes and soon smoothly landed on the ground. Shortly after the touchdown, recovery personnel sent from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center arrived at the landing site in helicopters and off-road vehicles. The capsule will then be transported by plane to Beijing, where it will be opened by experts at the China Academy of Space Technology. The Chang'e 6 mission, representing the world's first attempt at bringing back samples from the far side of the moon to Earth, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on May 3 from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province. The 8.35-ton spacecraft was designed and built by the China Academy of Space Technology, a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, and consisted of four components - an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a reentry capsule. After a host of sophisticated steps, the lander touched down at the South Pole-Aitken Basin, one of the largest known impact craters in the solar system, on the morning of June 2. The landing marked the second time a spacecraft has ever arrived in the lunar far side. The vast region had never been reached by any spacecraft until January 2019, when the Chang'e 4 probe landed in the South Pole-Aitken Basin. The Chang'e 4 surveyed areas surrounding its landing site but did not collect and send back samples. The Chang'e 6 lander worked 49 hours on the lunar far side, using a mechanical arm and a drill operated to collect surface and underground materials. Meanwhile, several scientific apparatus were activated to conduct survey and analysis assignments. After the tasks were completed, the sample-loaded ascender lifted off from the lunar surface and reached lunar orbit to dock with the reentry capsule to transfer the samples. In the final leg of the mission, the orbiter and the reentry capsule flew back to Earth orbit before separating on Tuesday. Before this mission, all of the lunar substances on Earth were collected from the near side of the moon through the United States' six Apollo manned landings, the former Soviet Union's three Luna robotic missions and China's Chang'e 5 unmanned mission. The landscapes and physical characteristics of the far side, which permanently faces away from Earth, are very different from those of the near side, which is visible from Earth, according to scientists. The new samples will probably offer researchers around the globe useful keys for answering questions about the moon, and will likely bring a range of invaluable scientific payoffs, they said. The Chang'e 5 mission, which took place in the winter of 2020, gathered 1,731 grams of samples, the first lunar substances obtained since the Apollo era. It made China the third nation, after the United States and the former Soviet Union, to have collected lunar samples. So far, Chang'e 5 lunar samples have enabled Chinese researchers to make a number of academic strides, including the discovery of the sixth new lunar mineral, named Changesite-(Y). 【译文欣赏】 6月25日下午，探月工程嫦娥六号任务取得圆满成功，实现世界首次月球背面采样返回。 载有月球样本的嫦娥六号于25日下午2点07分，嫦娥六号返回器准确着陆于内蒙古四子王旗预定区域。经过一系列复杂而具有挑战性的演习，这场长达53天的太空探索终获成功！ 13时22分许，北京航天飞行控制中心通过地面测控站向嫦娥六号轨道器和返回器组合体注入高精度导航参数。 此后，轨道器与返回器在距南大西洋海平面高约5000公里处正常解锁分离，轨道器按计划完成轨道规避机动。 13时41分许，嫦娥六号返回器在距地面高度约120公里处，以接近第二宇宙速度（约为11.2千米／秒）高速在大西洋上空第一次进入地球大气层，实施初次气动减速。 短暂飞行后，太空舱重新进入大气层并继续滑行下降。 降落至10公里高度时，返回器打开降落伞，随后准确在预定区域平稳着陆。 着陆后不久，酒泉卫星发射中心的航天搜救队乘坐直升机和越野车抵达预定区域。 回收后的嫦娥六号返回器在完成必要的地面处理工作后，将空运至北京，由中国空间技术研究院开舱。 5月3日，嫦娥六号探测器由长征五号遥八运载火箭在中国文昌航天发射场成功发射，这是世界上首次尝试将月球背面的样本带回地球。 这艘重达8.35吨的探测器由中国航天科技集团公司附属中国空间技术研究院设计和建造，由轨道器、返回器、着陆器、上升器组成。 嫦娥六号探测器开启世界首次月球背面采样返回之旅，预选着陆和采样区为月球背面南极——艾特肯盆地，这是太阳系中已知最大的撞击盆地。 本次着陆标志着飞行探测器第二次抵达月球背面。 直至2019年1月，嫦娥四号探测器降落在南极——艾特肯盆地之前，从未有任何飞行器到达过这片广阔的地区。 嫦娥四号勘测了其着陆区周围，并未收集和载回样本。 嫦娥六号着陆器在月球背面使用约49小时迅速完成了“挖土”“做科研”“升旗”“起飞”等一系列工作。 同时，嫦娥六号载回月球样本也启动了后续分析和研究相关工作。 回收后的嫦娥六号返回器在完成必要的地面处理工作后，完成与轨道器和返回器组合体之间的交会对接及样品转移。 在任务的最后一站，轨返回器于6月25日与轨道器分离并携带月背样品重返地球。 此次任务前，地球上的所有月球样本都是通过美国的六次阿波罗载人任务、前苏联的三次机器人探月任务和中国的嫦娥五从月球近侧收集的。 据科学家称，月球背面远侧的景观和物理特征与从地球上可见的近侧的景观和物理特征截然不同。 这些新样本可能会为全球研究人员提供科学价值，以探索月球的谜题，将带来一系列宝贵的科学回报。 嫦娥五号任务于2020年冬季进行，收集了1731克月壤。这是自阿波罗时代以来获得的第一批月球物质。 使中国成为继美国和前苏联之后第三个收集月球样本的国家。 截至目前，嫦娥五号月球样本已经在学术上取得了进步，我国研究人员发现了第六种新的月球矿物，名为嫦娥石（Changesite-（Y））。 【词汇积累】 site n. 地点；位置；现场 vt. 使 ... 位于 impact n. 影响；冲击力；撞击 vt. 挤入；压紧；撞击；对 ... 发生影响 vi. 冲击；撞击；产生影响 region n. 地区；范围；领域；地带；地域 surrounding adj. 周围的 n. 环境；周围的事物 recovery n. 恢复；痊愈；复原；重获 combination n. 结合；结合到一起的事物或人；数码组合，字码组合 sample vt. 取样；尝试；抽样检查 n. 样品；样本；例子 adj. 试样的，样品的；作为例子的 mission n. 使命；代表团；任务；布道 v. 派遣；向…传教; 把任务交给 visible adj. 看得见的；可见的；显而易见的 n. 物质世界；看得见的事物；直观教具 transfer v. 转移；调任；转乘 n. 迁移；移动；换车；汇兑 data n. 数据；资料 complex adj. 复杂的；合成的；复合的 n. 综合体；复合体；[医]综合症状；[心]情结 conduct n. 行为；举动；品行 v. 引导；指挥；管理 vt. 导电；传热 former adj. 前者的；前任的；以前的 n. 创造者；<英>学校某一年级的学生 academic adj. 学院的；学术的；理论的 n. 大学教师，大学生；学者，学究 atmosphere n. 大气；空气；气氛；气压 precious adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的；矫揉造作的 adv. 极其 n. <口>宝贝，心爱的人 analysis n. 分析；解析 vast adj. 广阔的；巨大的；大量的；巨额的 n. 浩瀚；广阔无垠的空间 capsule n. 胶囊；太空舱；荚膜；概要 v. 概括；装入胶囊 adj. 精简的；微型的 mineral n. 矿物(石）；矿物质 orbit n. 势力范围；眼眶；轨迹 vt. 绕轨道而行；进入轨道 vi. 盘旋 era n. 纪元；时代；年代 probe n. 调查；查究；探针；探测器 v. 用探针测；探测；详细调查 challenging adj. 挑战性的；有吸引力的 smoothly adv. 平滑地；流畅地 scientifically adv. 科学地；系统地 landing n. 着陆；登陆；登陆处；楼梯平台 【词汇拓展】 descend v. 下降；降临 v. 传下来；遗传 v. 突然袭击；突然拜访 robotic adj. 机器人的；像机器人的 mechanical adj. 机械的；力学的；呆板的 permanently adv. 永久地，长期不变地 navigation n. 导航；航行；航海 invaluable adj. 无价的；非常珍贵的 accuracy n. 准确(性)；精确度 drill n. 钻孔机；钻子；反复操练；播种机 v. 练习；钻孔；(军事)训练 voyage n. 航行；旅程 v. 航行；旅行 autonomous adj. 自治的 carrier n. 航空母舰；运输工具；行李架；带菌者；运送者；客运公司；电信公司 personnel n. 职员；人事部门 sophisticated adj. 老练的；精密的；复杂的；久经世故的 dock n. 码头；船坞；船埠 v. 进(港、码头) apparatus n. 器官；装置；机构；组织；仪器 velocity n. 速度；迅速；速率 maneuver vt. 巧妙地操纵；使演习；调遣 vi. 演习；调遣；用计策 n. 演习；策略；调遣 subsidiary n. 子公司；附属机构 adj. 辅助的；补贴的；附属的 preset v. 预先装置；事先调整 cosmic adj. 宇宙的；广大无边的；无限的 Soviet Union 苏联 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$